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Marika M, Marketa D, Lada S, Marian R, Filip K, Adam V, Věra V, Kristina K, Dagmar J, Tuula H. New approach methods for assessing indoor air toxicity. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100090. [PMID: 36281315 PMCID: PMC9587284 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor air is typically a mixture of many chemicals at low concentrations without any adverse health effects alone, but in mixtures they may cause toxicity and risks to human health. The aim of this study was by using new approach methods to assess the potential toxicity of indoor air condensates. In specific, different in vitro test methods including cyto-and immunotoxicity, skin sensitization and endocrine disruption were applied. In addition to biological effects, the indoor air samples were subjected to targeted analysis of 25 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Genapol X-80 (a nonionic emulsifier) suspected to be present in the samples, and to a non-targeted "total chemical scan" to find out whether the chemical composition of the samples is associated with the biological effects. The results confirm that assessing health risks of indoor air by analysing individual chemicals is not an adequate approach: We were not able to detect the VOCs and Genapol X-80 in the indoor air samples, yet, several types of toxicity, namely, cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, skin sensitization and endocrine disruption were detected. In the non-targeted total chemical scan of the indoor air samples, a larger number of compounds were found in the cytotoxic samples than in the non-cytotoxic samples supporting the biological findings. If only one biological method would be selected for the screening of indoor air quality, THP-1 macrophage/WST-1 assay would best fit for the purpose as it is sensitive and serves as a good representative for different sub-toxic end points, including immunotoxicity, (skin) sensitization and endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannerström Marika
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 1, 33014 Tampere University, Finland,Corresponding author at: Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Dvorakova Marketa
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Svobodova Lada
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic,Medical Faculty of Palacky University, Hnevotinska 976/3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rucki Marian
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kotal Filip
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vavrouš Adam
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vrbíková Věra
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kejlova Kristina
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jirova Dagmar
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 49/48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Heinonen Tuula
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 1, 33014 Tampere University, Finland
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Variation of Water Quality in Ningxia Section of the Yellow River in Recent 5 Years. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7704513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yellow River is very important for human health and social development in China to require good water quality. This study selected the Ningxia section of the Yellow River as the study area to investigate the water quality variation in 2016–2020. A total of 9 water quality parameters were monitored, and 8 parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphate, fluoride, ammonia-nitrogen, and permanganate index were in the range of Class II standard requirement. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 9.4 mg/L. However, total nitrogen concentrations in 2018–2020 ranged from 1.87 to 2.8 mg/L to cause the pollution. Both the Nemerow index method and the contamination degree method showed that total nitrogen with high concentration exerted the water pollution. Principal component analysis also proved this. Stricter environmental management strategies for controlling total nitrogen should be taken in the future. The findings provided some useful information for water pollution of the Ningxia section of the Yellow River.
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Tachachartvanich P, Singam ERA, Durkin KA, Furlow JD, Smith MT, La Merrill MA. In Vitro characterization of the endocrine disrupting effects of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on the human androgen receptor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128243. [PMID: 35093747 PMCID: PMC9705075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used extensively in a broad range of industrial applications and consumer products. While a few legacy PFASs have been voluntarily phased out, over 5000 PFASs have been produced as replacements for their predecessors. The potential endocrine disrupting hazards of most emerging PFASs have not been comprehensively investigated. In silico molecular docking to the human androgen receptor (hAR) combined with machine learning techniques were previously applied to 5206 PFASs and predicted 23 PFASs bind the hAR. Herein, the in silico results were validated in vitro for the five candidate AR ligands that were commercially available. Three manufactured PFASs namely (9-(nonafluorobutyl)- 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H,5 H,11 H-pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-11-one (NON), 2-(heptafluoropropyl)- 3-phenylquinoxaline (HEP), and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-N-(4-nitrophenyl)pentanamide (NNN) elicited significant antiandrogenic effects at relatively low concentrations. We further investigated the mechanism of AR inhibition and found that all three PFASs inhibited AR transactivation induced by testosterone through a competitive binding mechanism. We then examined the antiandrogenic effects of these PFASs on AR expression and its responsive genes. Consistently, these PFASs significantly decreased the expression of PSA and FKBP5 and increased the expression of AR, similar to the effects elicited by a known competitive AR inhibitor, hydroxyflutamide. This suggests they are competitive antagonists of AR activity and western blot analysis revealed these PFASs decreased intracellular AR protein in androgen sensitive human prostate cancer cells. Hence, the findings presented here corroborate our published in silico approach and indicate these emerging PFASs may adversely affect the human endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phum Tachachartvanich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Kathleen A Durkin
- Molecular Graphics and Computation Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA
| | - J David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA.
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhan T, Cui S, Liu X, Zhang C, Huang YMM, Zhuang S. Enhanced Disrupting Effect of Benzophenone-1 Chlorination Byproducts to the Androgen Receptor: Cell-Based Assays and Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1140-1149. [PMID: 33684284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenone-1 (BP-1), one of the commonly used ultraviolet filters, has caused increasing public concern due to frequently detected residues in environmental and recreational waters. Its susceptibility to residual chlorine and the potential to subsequently trigger endocrine disruption remain unknown. We herein investigated the chlorination of BP-1 in swimming pool water and evaluated the endocrine disruption toward the human androgen receptor (AR). The structures of monochlorinated (P1) and dichlorinated (P2) products were separated and characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H-1H NMR correlation spectroscopy. P1 and P2 exhibited significantly higher antiandrogenic activity in yeast two-hybrid assays (EC50, 6.13 μM and 9.30 μM) than did BP-1 (12.89 μM). Our 350 ns Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations showed the protein dynamics in a long-time scale equilibrium, and further energy calculations revealed that although increased hydrophobic interactions are primarily responsible for enhanced binding affinities between chlorinated products and the AR ligand binding domain, the second chloride in P2 still hinders the complex motion because of the solvation penalty. The mixture of BP-1-P1-P2 elicited additive antiandrogenic activity, well fitted by the concentration addition model. P1 and P2 at 1 μM consequently downregulated the mRNA expression of AR-regulated genes, NKX3.1 and KLK3, by 1.7-9.1-fold in androgen-activated LNCaP cells. Because chlorination of BP-1 occurs naturally by residual chlorine in aquatic environments, our results regarding enhanced antiandrogenic activity and disturbed AR signaling provided evidence linking the use of personal care products with potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston, Clear Lake,Texas 77058, United States
| | - Yu-Ming M Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Azhagiya Singam ER, Tachachartvanich P, Fourches D, Soshilov A, Hsieh JCY, La Merrill MA, Smith MT, Durkin KA. Structure-based virtual screening of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as endocrine disruptors of androgen receptor activity using molecular docking and machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109920. [PMID: 32795691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pose a substantial threat as endocrine disruptors, and thus early identification of those that may interact with steroid hormone receptors, such as the androgen receptor (AR), is critical. In this study we screened 5,206 PFASs from the CompTox database against the different binding sites on the AR using both molecular docking and machine learning techniques. We developed support vector machine models trained on Tox21 data to classify the active and inactive PFASs for AR using different chemical fingerprints as features. The maximum accuracy was 95.01% and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) was 0.76 respectively, based on MACCS fingerprints (MACCSFP). The combination of docking-based screening and machine learning models identified 29 PFASs that have strong potential for activity against the AR and should be considered priority chemicals for biological toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anatoly Soshilov
- Division of Scientific Programs, Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Branch, Water Toxicology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - Jennifer C Y Hsieh
- Division of Scientific Programs, Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Branch, Cancer Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Durkin
- Molecular Graphics and Computation Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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