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Yang S, Guo T, Fu H, Zheng S, Sun J, Qu X. Catalytic hydrodehalogenation activity and selectivity of polyiodinated phenolic disinfection byproducts at ambient conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173905. [PMID: 38871330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Iodo-phenolic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) widely occur in disinfected water, posing potential risks to human health and the ecosystem as they possess higher toxicity than the bromo- and chloro-analogs. Herein, we elucidated the catalytic hydrodehalogenation (HDH) activity and selectivity of polyiodinated phenolic DBPs on supported noble metal catalysts at ambient conditions. Both 2,4,6-triiodophenol and 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol can be efficiently eliminated on Pd/TiO2 and Rh/TiO2 within 20 min, with Pd/TiO2 exhibiting higher turnover frequency. The HDH reactions proceeded in both stepwise and concerted pathways on Pd/TiO2, while they were dominantly stepwise on Rh/TiO2. Experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that the HDH selectivity depends on the position and the bond energy of halo-substitutions. For the HDH of 2,4,6-triiodophenol, the para-substituted iodine was more favorable to be dehalogenated than the ortho-substituted ones due to the steric hindrance of the hydroxyl group. For the HDH of 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol, the ortho-substituted iodine was removed before the para-substituted chlorine as CI bond had higher reactivity than CCl bond. Significant catalyst deactivation was observed for the HDH of 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol on Pd/TiO2 due to iodine poisoning, resulting in 4-chlorophenol as the dominant product. In contrast, Rh/TiO2 can completely hydrodehalogenate 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol into cyclohexanone with little iodine poisoning. Our results suggest that HDH is an efficient process for abating iodo-phenolic DBPs. Rh/TiO2 is a more promising HDH catalyst for iodinated DBP removal than Pd/TiO2 with excellent resistance to iodine poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shourong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jingya Sun
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Yang J, Song J, Gao X, Li M, Qin H, Niu Y, Luan H, Chen X, Guo J, Yuan T, Liu W. Integrated toxicity of secondary, tertiary, wetland effluents on human stem cells triggered by ERα and PPARγ agonists. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173419. [PMID: 38802024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Residual pollutants in discharged and reused water pose both direct and indirect human exposure. However, health effects caused by whole effluent remain largely unknown due to the lack of human relevant model for toxicity test. Effluents from four secondary wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), a tertiary wastewater treatment plant (TWTP) and a constructed wetland (CW) were evaluated for the integrated toxicity of the organic extractions. Multiple-endpoint human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) assay was used as an in vitro model relevant to human health. The effluents caused cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in MSCs. The osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation were inhibited and the adipogenic differentiation were stimulated by some of the effluent extractions. The SWTP, TWTP and CW treatments reduced integrated biomarker response (IBR) by 26.3 %, 17.5 % and 33.3 % respectively, where the IBR values of final CW (8.3) and TWTP (8.2) effluents were relatively lower than SWTPs (9.1). Among multiple biomarkers, the inhibition of osteogenesis was the least reduced by wastewater treatment. Besides, ozone disinfection in tertiary treatment increased cytotoxicity and differentiation effects suggesting the generation of toxic products. The mRNA expressions of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were significantly upregulated by effluents. The inhibitory effects of effluents on neural differentiation were mitigated after antagonizing ERα and PPARγ in the cells. It is suggested that ERα and PPARγ agonists in effluents were largely accountable for the impairment of stem cell differentiation. Besides, the concentrations of n-C29H60, o-cresol, fluorene and phenanthrene in the effluents were significantly correlated with the intergrated stem cell toxicity. The present study provided toxicological evidence for the relation between water contamination and human health, with an insight into the key toxicity drivers. The necessity for deep water treatment and the potential means were suggested for improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuxin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haiyang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tuwan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Qin M, Huang L, Li M, Shao T, Zhang J, Jiang X, Shao C, Zhao C, Pan Y, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Liu XM, Qiu J. Immunotoxicity Evaluation of Trihalophenolic Disinfection By-Products in Mouse and Human Mononuclear Macrophage Systems: The Role of RNA Epitranscriptomic Modification in Mammalian Immunity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127023. [PMID: 38157273 PMCID: PMC10756339 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP) are three widely detected trihalophenolic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Previous studies have mainly focused on the carcinogenic risk and developmental toxicity of 2,4,6-trihalophenols. Very little is known about their immunotoxicity in mammals. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of 2,4,6-trihalophenols on mammalian immunity using a mouse macrophage model infected with bacteria or intracellular parasites and aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms from an epitranscriptomic perspective. The identified mechanisms were further validated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS The mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of TCP, TBP, and TIP. The pro-inflammatory marker Ly6C, the survival of the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the parasite burden of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) were assessed. Furthermore, the global gene expression profiling of macrophages following exposure to 2,4,6-trihalophenols was obtained through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The effects of 2,4,6-trihalophenols on RNA N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A ) methyltransferases and total RNA m 6 A levels were evaluated using Western blotting and dot blot, respectively. Transcriptome-wide m 6 A methylome was analyzed by m 6 A -seq . In addition, expression of m 6 A regulators and total RNA m 6 A levels in human PBMCs exposed to 2,4,6-trihalophenols were detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and dot blot, respectively. RESULTS Mouse macrophages exposed to TCP, TBP, or TIP had lower expression of the pro-inflammatory marker Ly6C, with a greater difference from control observed for TIP-exposed cells. Consistently, macrophages exposed to such DBPs, especially TIP, were susceptible to infection with the bacterium E. coli and the intracellular parasite T. gondii, indicating a compromised ability of macrophages to defend against pathogens. Intriguingly, macrophages exposed to TIP had significantly greater m 6 A levels, which correlated with the greater expression levels of m 6 A methyltransferases. Macrophages exposed to each of the three 2,4,6-trihalophenols exhibited transcriptome-wide redistribution of m 6 A . In particular, the m 6 A peaks in genes associated with immune-related pathways were altered after exposure. In addition, differences in m 6 A were also observed in human PBMCs after exposure to 2,4,6-trihalophenols. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that 2,4,6-trihalophenol exposure impaired the ability of macrophages to defend against pathogens. This response might be associated with notable differences in m 6 A after exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first m 6 A landscape across the transcriptome of immune cells exposed to pollutants. However, significant challenges remain in elucidating the mechanisms by which m 6 A mediates immune dysregulation in infected macrophages after 2,4,6-trihalophenol exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linyuan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianye Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenlu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengsi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Huang W, Yuan Y, Zhong D, Zhang P, Liangdy A, Lim TT, Ma W, Yuan Y. Catalytic activity of H 2O 2 by goethite and lepidocrocite: Insight from 5-bromosalicylic acid removal mechanism and density functional theory calculation (ID:CHEM114760). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138551. [PMID: 37003437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the elimination of 5-bromosalicylic acid (BSA) in the systems of goethite (α-FeOOH)/H2O2 and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH)/H2O2. The results demonstrated that BSA (10 mg L-1) could be successfully adsorbed on α- and γ-FeOOH (0.5 g L-1) and then effectively degraded after the addition of H2O2 (14.7 mM). BSA adsorption on both α- and γ-FeOOH followed pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic models, with γ-FeOOH having greater adsorption ability than α-FeOOH. In the α-FeOOH/H2O2 system, BSA degradation was well fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetics, whereas the oxidation in γ-FeOOH/H2O2 system had a two-stage pseudo-first order kinetics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results for these two systems revealed the presence of •OH and •OOH, and further tests with radical captures demonstrated their dominance in degrading BSA. Based on the electronic structure analysis, electrons were more easily transferred from the H2O2 molecule to the Fe atoms of α-FeOOH, explaining the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, which showed that α-FeOOH performed better in catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2. However, the free radicals are more likely to desorb from γ-FeOOH, which made the γ-FeOOH/H2O2 system more efficient in degrading BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Arvin Liangdy
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Teik-Thye Lim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Zhang X, An S, Liu S, Qiu J, Zhang W, Zhou Q, Hou X, Yang Y. Comparative assessment of embryotoxicity of 2,4,6-triiodophenol to mouse blastoid and pre-implantation embryo models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114608. [PMID: 36738612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic developmental effects of disinfection by-products, which are generated during drinking water treatment and widely detected in environment, have gained more and more attention nowadays, calling for construction of in vitro research models which can mimic early embryonic development to evaluate the embryotoxicity. The embryonic stem cell test offers a promising assay to predict embryotoxicity of environmental pollutions. However, it is not appropriate for the toxicological study of preimplantation embryos. Here, we used mouse extended stem cells (mEPS) to reconstruct embryo-like structures (blastoid), furtherly attempting to evaluate the reliability of this model for the prediction of possible developmental toxicity of 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP, 5-50 μM), a novel halogenated disinfection byproduct widely detected in water and even drinking water, to mammalian preimplantation embryo. To verify this, we treated mouse embryo derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF-embryo) as reference. The results showed that mEPS-blastoid was like natural blastocyst in morphology, cell composition, and could recapitulate key developmental events happened during mouse preimplantation stage. When blastoid and IVF-embryo models were separately exposed to TIP, their final blastocyst formation rates were not impaired, according to morphological features, meanwhile that TIP exposure caused slight cell apoptosis. Besides, TIP induced an ICM cell bias in cell fate decision, resulting in cell proportion change, which implied abnormal developmental potential. Though we could not evaluate TIP's embryotoxicity before 8-cell stage using blastoid model, its viability as a novel and high-throughput assessment platform for increasing environmental pollutants was still recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shiyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Siya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Li M, Chang M, Li M, An Z, Zhang C, Liu J, He M. Ozone mechanism, kinetics, and toxicity studies of halophenols: Theoretical calculation combined with toxicity experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160101. [PMID: 36370799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are generally more toxic than aliphatic DBPs, have attracted increasing attention. The toxicity of 13 typical halophenols on Scenedesmus obliquus was experimentally investigated, and the ozonation mechanism and kinetics of representative halophenols were further studied by quantum chemical calculations. The results showed that the EC50 values of halophenols ranged from 2.74 to 60.23 mg/L, and their toxicity ranked as follows: di-halogenated phenols > mono-halogenated phenols, mixed halogen-substituted phenols > single halogen-substituted phenols, and iodophenols > bromophenols > chlorophenols. The toxicity of halophenols was well described by the electronegativity index (ω) as lg(EC50)-1 = 6.228ω - 3.869, indicating halophenols capturing electrons as their potential toxicity mechanism. The reactions of O3 with halophenolate anions were dominated by three mechanisms: 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, oxygen addition, and single electron transfer. The kinetic calculation indicated that O3 oxidized aqueous halophenols by reacting with halophenolate anions with the reaction rate constants as high as (0.91-3.47) × 1010 M-1 s-1. The number of halogen substituents affected the kO3, cal values of halophenolate anions, which are in the order of 2,4-dihalophenolate anions >4-halophenolate anions > 2,4,6-trihalophenolate anions. During the ozonation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (246TBP), the toxic products (dimers and brominated benzoquinones) could be synergistically degraded by O3 and HO•. Thus, ozonation is feasible as a strategy to degrade aromatic DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Mengjie Chang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zexiu An
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Li W, Chen S, Hong X, Fang M, Zong W, Li X, Wang J. The molecular interaction of three haloacetic acids with bovine serum albumin and the underlying mechanisms. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Miao T, Li M, Shao T, Jiang X, Jiang L, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Wang Y, Qiu J. The involvement of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in aromatic trihalogenated DBP exposure-induced kidney damage in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135351. [PMID: 35718037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are inevitably generated in the process of disinfection. Among them, aromatic halogenated DBPs, such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP), have attracted considerable interest for their high toxicity. A systematic nephrotoxicity evaluation of 2,4,6-trihalophenols is still lacking. In this study, mice were exposed to TCP, TBP and TIP ranging from environmental-related low concentration to high concentration that commonly used in animal study (0.5-200 μg/L). Kidney histopathology, urine protein detection and urine metabolomics were performed. Remarkable changes including kidney damage, proteinuria and glomerular mesangial cell proliferation were observed after three 2,4,6-trihalophenol exposure, even at low concentration of 0.5 μg/L. The nephrotoxicity rank order was TIP > TBP > TCP. Additionally, in vivo exposure to 2,4,6-trihalophenols also led to apparent changes in urinary metabolic profiles. Biosynthesis pathways of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, containing valine, leucine and isoleucine) were disturbed even at the early stage of exposure (4 weeks). Intriguingly, it has been reported that BCAAs could promote the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells. Thus, in vitro cell experiments were further performed on mouse glomerular mesangial cell line MES-13. Consistently with in vivo results, cell proliferation was observed in MES-13 cells after exposure to 2,4,6-trihalophenols, especially to TBP and TIP. Meanwhile, TCP at high concentration, TBP and TIP at not only high concentration but also low concentration, induced BCAAs accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells, which was completely commensurate to that observed in cell proliferation assay. Then the proliferation of MES-13 cells induced by 2,4,6-trihalophenols was remarkably inhibited after BCAAs interference. Here we provide direct link between disturbed BCAAs and the nephrotoxicity of 2,4,6-trihalophenols. 2,4,6-trihalophenols could induce excess BCAAs, which further led to proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and renal injury. This study revealed the nephrotoxicity of aromatic trihalogenated DBPs and provided new insights into the potential toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tianye Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Liu S, Feng K, An S, Qiu J, Zhou Q, Yang Y. 2,4,6-triiodophenol exhibits embryotoxicity to pre-implantation mouse embryos in an in vitro exposure model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113745. [PMID: 35691197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP), a novel type of halophenolic disinfection byproducts, has been widely detected in water bodies, even in drinking water. Recently, TIP has drawn increasing concerns on account of considerable developmental toxicity towards lower organisms and cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. However, it remains unknown about its toxicity on mammalian pre-implantation embryos. Here, by exposing mouse zygotes derived in vitro fertilization to TIP, which ranged from 5 to 50 μM, we found that TIP impaired the quality of pre-implantation mouse embryos in a dose-dependent manner, inducing decline of both total and trophectoderm cell numbers, enhancing caspase 3/7 activity and reactive oxygen species generation, though it did not decrease blastocyst formation efficiency. For the sake that only high qualified embryos are able to implant in endometrium and generate health body finally, we applied a previously modified in vitro culture system to assess TIP-exposed blastocysts' further developmental potency beyond pre-implantation stage. Surprisingly, although the exposed dose was only 5 μM and TIP was removed as soon as the zygotes reached blastocyst stage, these blastocysts still nearly lost their implantation and egg cylinder formation ability, exhibiting abnormal embryonic lineage differentiation pattern as well. Therefore, our study not only entirely shows TIP embryonic toxicity on mouse pre-implantation embryos, but also proposes a model to evaluate embryotoxicity from the zygote to egg cylinder stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shiyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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An S, Yao D, Zhang W, Sun H, Yu T, Jia R, Yang Y. WDR36 Safeguards Self-Renewal and Pluripotency of Human Extended Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:905395. [PMID: 35937980 PMCID: PMC9353684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.905395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended pluripotent stem cells (EPS cells) have unlimited self-renewal ability and the potential to differentiate into mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal cells. Notably, in addition to developing the embryonic (Em) lineages, it can also make an effective contribution to extraembryonic (ExEm) lineages both in vitro and in vivo. However, multiple mysteries still remain about the underlying molecular mechanism of EPS cells’ maintenance and developmental potential. WDR36 (WD Repeat Domain 36), a protein of 105 kDa with 14 WD40 repeats, which may fold into two β-propellers, participates in 18sRNA synthesis and P53 stress response. Though WDR36 safeguards mouse early embryonic development, that is, homozygous knockout of WDR36 can result in embryonic lethality, what role does WDR36 plays in self-renewal and differentiation developmental potential of human EPS cells is still a subject of concern. Here, our findings suggested that the expression of WDR36 was downregulated during human hEPS cells lost self-renewal. Through constructing inducible knockdown or overexpressing WDR36-human EPS cell lines, we found that WDR36 knockdown disrupted self-renewal but promoted the mesodermal differentiation of human EPS cells; however, overexpressing of WDR36 had little effect. Additionally, P53 inhibition could reverse the effects of WDR36 knockdown, on both self-renewal maintenance and differentiation potential of human EPS cells. These data implied that WDR36 safeguards self-renewal and pluripotency of human EPS cells, which would extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human EPS cells’ self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, China
- Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruizhe Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang, ; Ruizhe Jia,
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang, ; Ruizhe Jia,
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11
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Jiang X, Shi P, Jiang L, Qiu J, Xu B, Pan Y, Zhou Q. In vivo toxicity evaluations of halophenolic disinfection byproducts in drinking water: A multi-omics analysis of toxic mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118431. [PMID: 35468502 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halophenolic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have attracted considerable concerns in recent years due to their wide occurrence and high toxicity. The liver has been demonstrated as a major target organ for several halophenolic DBPs. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of liver damage caused by halophenolic DBPs. In this study, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and 2,4,6-triiodiophenol (TIP) were selected as representative halophenolic DBPs and exposed to C57BL/6 mice at an environmentally-relevant concentration (0.5 μg/L) and two toxicological concentrations (10 and 200 μg/L) for 12 weeks. Then, a combination of histopathologic and biochemical examination, liver transcriptome, serum metabolome, and gut microbiome was adopted. It was found that trihalophenol exposure significantly elevated the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and albumin. Liver inflammation was observed at toxicological concentrations in the histopathological examination. Transcriptome results showed that the three trihalophenols could impact immune-related pathways at 0.5 μg/L, which further contributed to the disturbance of pathways in infectious diseases and cancers. Notably, TBP and TIP had higher immunosuppressive effects than TCP, which might lead to uncontrolled infection and cancer. In terms of serum metabolic profiles, energy metabolism pathway of citrate cycle and amino acid metabolism pathways of valine, leucine, and isoleucine were also significantly affected. Integration of the metabolomic and transcriptomic data suggested that a 12-week trihalophenol exposure could prominently disturb the glutathione metabolism pathway, indicating the impaired antioxidation and detoxification abilities in liver. Moreover, the disorder of the intestinal flora could interfere with immune regulation and host metabolism. This study reveals the toxic effects of halophenolic DBPs on mammalian liver and provides novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Zhang D, Bond T, Pan Y, Li M, Luo J, Xiao R, Chu W. Identification, Occurrence, and Cytotoxicity of Haloanilines: A New Class of Aromatic Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts in Chloraminated and Chlorinated Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4132-4141. [PMID: 35302737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with high health risk is an unresolved challenge. In this study, six members of a new class of aromatic nitrogenous DBPs─2-chloroaniline, 2-bromoaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline, 2-chloro-4-bromoaniline, 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline, and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline─are reported as DBPs in drinking water for the first time. Haloanilines completely degraded within 1 h in the presence of chlorine (1 mg/L), while about 20% remained in the presence of chloramine (1 mg/L) after 120 h. Haloanilines showed high stability in the absence of disinfectants, with <30% degradation at pH 5-9 over 120 h. Eight haloanilines were determined in chloraminated finished water and tap water at total concentrations of up to 443 ng/L. The most abundant was 2-bromoaniline, with a median concentration of 104 ng/L. The cytotoxicity of eight haloanilines and regulated trichloromethane and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was evaluated using Hep G2 cell assay. The EC50 values of eight haloanilines were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the regulated DBPs. The lowest toxic concentration of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline was 1 μM, 500 times lower than that of DCAA. The formation and control of haloanilines in drinking water warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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13
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Wang Y, Liu H, Yang X, Wang L. Aquatic toxicity and aquatic ecological risk assessment of wastewater-derived halogenated phenolic disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151089. [PMID: 34688747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing number of wastewater-derived aliphatic and phenolic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were discharged into aquatic environment with the discharge of disinfected wastewater. However, the currently available aquatic toxicity data and the aquatic ecological risk information of them are limited, especially for wastewater-derived phenolic DBPs. In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity of 7 phenolic DBPs that selected from the typical five groups of phenolic DBPs (2,4,6-trihalo-phenols, 2,6-dihalo-4-nitrophenols, 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzaldehydes, 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids and halo-salicylic acids) and 4 aliphatic DBPs to Gobiocypris rarus and also assessed their potential aquatic ecological risk. Experimental results indicated that the half lethal concentration (LC50) values of 2,4,6-trihalo-phenols and 2,6-dihalo-4-nitrophenols ranged from 1 to 10 mg/L; While that of 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzaldehydes was between 10 and 100 mg/L, and 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids and halo-salicylic acids was >100 mg/L. The toxicity mode of action (MOA) identification results from three methods suggested that no clear and consistent MOA were obtained for those 11 DBPs currently. The species-specific aquatic toxicity analysis results highlighted that no aquatic species would be considered as the most sensitive species for all 11 DBPs. However, crustacean and fish were more sensitive than that of algae for most of tested compounds. Lastly, the aquatic ecological risk assessment results of those 11 DBPs revealed that all 7 phenolic and 2 aliphatic DBPs (2-bromoacetamide and bromodichloromethane) had low aquatic ecological risk, while dichloroacetic acid and dibromoacetonitrile had high aquatic ecological risk. The low environmental concentration was the main reason why high toxic phenolic DBPs (2,4,6-trihalo-phenols and 2,6-dihalo-4-nitrophenols) exhibited low ecological risk. Their ecological risk may increase with the increases of corresponding environmental concentration. Thus, more efforts should be made to determine other potential harmful effects of those high toxic phenolic DBPs and to minimize their potential ecological risk by taking appropriate measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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14
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Zhao Z, Zhu D, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Qiu J, Xu C, He Y, Zeng W, Yang Y. Embryotoxic effects of tribromophenol on early post-implantation development of mouse embryos in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12085-12099. [PMID: 34558051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP, CAS No. 118-79-6), the most widely produced brominated phenol, is frequently detected in environmental components. The detection of TBP in human bodies has earned great concerns about its adverse effects on human beings, especially for early embryonic development. Here, we optimized the mouse embryo in vitro culture (IVC) system for early post-implantation embryos and employed it to determine the embryotoxicity of TBP. With this new research model, we revealed the dose-dependent toxic effects of TBP on mouse embryos from peri-implantation to egg cylinder stages. Furthermore, TBP exposure inhibited the differentiation and survival of epiblast (EPI) cells and extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn) cells, while those of extraembryonic ectoderm (ExEc) cells were not influenced. These results implied that TBP might inhibit embryonic development by influencing the generation of three primary germ layers and fetal membranes (the amnion, chorionic disk, umbilical cord, and yolk sac). In summary, we showed a proof of concept for applying mouse embryo IVC system as a novel research model for studying mammalian embryonic toxicology of environmental pollutants. This study also demonstrated the toxicity of TBP on early embryonic development of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dicong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuanlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wentao Zeng
- Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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15
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Huang W, Yuan Y, Zhong D, Ma W, Yuan Y, Zhang P. Adsorption and catalytic performance of pipe growth rings from water distribution networks using 5-BSA as the target pollutant. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131343. [PMID: 34216927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the use of pipe growth rings from water distribution networks as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation processes. The major constituents of real pipe growth rings (α- and γ-FeOOH) were prepared and considered as a simulated growth ring (SGR). Its performance in removing 5-bromosalicylic acid (5-BSA), a novel phenolic halogenated disinfection byproduct, was examined. SGR exhibited strong catalytic ability and a certain degree of adsorption capacity. Under acidic conditions, the adsorption and oxidation efficiencies were 32.65% and 87.67%, respectively. Furthermore, 72.19% of 5-BSA could be oxidized even at pH0 of 7. Kinetic characterizations at various temperatures revealed that both the adsorption and catalytic oxidation processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetic models and were surface-controlled with high activation energies (31.26 and 23.58 kJ mol-1, respectively). Ecotoxicity analyses of the transformation products (TPs) showed that the SGR/H2O2 system could effectively reduce the toxicity of 5-BSA. Moreover, the number of iron ions leaching from SGR was below 0.1 mg L-1 in all experiments. The results of this study support further investigation of using real pipe growth rings in off-line water treatment, as well water network contamination remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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