1
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Jeon SM, Lee HB, Ha CH, Kim DH, Li CA, Song SH, Lee CJ, Han DK, Seong GH. High-Performance Electrochemical Creatinine Sensors Based on β-Lead Dioxide/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:15941-15949. [PMID: 39313954 PMCID: PMC11465222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Creatinine is an important biomarker of kidney function and muscular metabolism. In this paper, we developed the β-lead dioxide/single-walled carbon nanotube (β-PbO2/CNT) and the β-PbO2/CNT ion-selective electrode (β-PbO2/CNT/ISE), which were used as highly sensitive potentiometric sensors for creatinine detection. The fabricated electrodes exhibited highly pH-sensitive characteristics due to the synergistic effect of the electrochemical properties of CNT and β-PbO2. Moreover, an ammonium-ion-selective membrane coating allowed the β-PbO2/CNT electrode to be NH4+-selective for direct detection of the ammonium ion. By exploiting the electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes, the creatinine assay was established through the one-step selective conversion of creatinine by creatinine deiminase, in which the OH- and NH4+ generated by the enzymatic reaction were detected using β-PbO2/CNT and β-PbO2/CNT/ISE electrodes as pH- and NH4+-responsive sensors, respectively. The total creatinine assay can be completed within ∼5 min. The assay results from β-PbO2/CNT and β-PbO2/CNT/ISE showed excellent sensitivity values of -75.56 and 64.62 mV in the detection range of 10-400 μM with a fast response (20 s), and the limits of detection were calculated to be 0.06 and 0.13 μM, respectively. Moreover, the developed creatinine sensor showed high selectivity against 11 interfering bio/chemical species with negligible interferences (selectivity coefficient <10-4) and excellent repeatability (>97% within 25 cycles) and long-term stability for 4 weeks of storage. In addition, the feasibility and practicality of the device were successfully demonstrated in human serum tests, with recoveries of 95-104% for PbO2/CNT and 92-110% for PbO2/CNT/ISE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Jeon
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education
and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Been Lee
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education
and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Ha
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education
and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education
and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Ai Li
- Division
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and
Parts of Powders (CAMP2), Kongju National
University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Song
- Division
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and
Parts of Powders (CAMP2), Kongju National
University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Biopharmaceutical
Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental
Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Cheongju 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Han
- Division
of Materials Analysis and Research, Korea
Basic Science Institute, 169−148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education
and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang J, Wang W, Wu T, Ren X, Zhao X. Photo-electrochemical activation of persulfate for the simultaneous degradation of microplastics and personal care products. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16150-16169. [PMID: 38769957 PMCID: PMC11103671 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent widespread use of microplastics (MPs), especially in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), has caused significant water pollution. This study presents a UV/electrically co-facilitated activated persulfate (PS) system to co-degrade a typical microplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and an organic sunscreen p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). We investigated the effect of various reaction conditions on the degradation. PVC and PABA degradation was 37% and 99.22%, respectively. Furthermore, we observed alterations in the surface topography and chemical characteristics of PVC throughout degradation. The possible degradation pathways of PVC and PABA were proposed by analyzing the intermediate products and the free radicals generated. This study reveals the co-promoting effect of multiple mechanisms in the activation by ultraviolet light and electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
| | - Wanyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
| | - Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist Siping 136000 China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province Siping 136000 China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University Haifeng Street, Tiexi Dist Siping 136000 China
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3
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Aquino de Queiroz JL, Medeiros LG, Augusto da Silva K, Fontes Galvão FM, Oliveira do Nascimento JH, Martínez-Huitle CA, Castro PS. Development of recycled and miniaturized electroanalytical sensor: Probing isoniazid determination in environmental water matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140030. [PMID: 37669719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface water pollution has become relevant because growing population and intense industrial activities. Thus, to protect the environment from contamination, recently the electroanalytical sensors that require small sample volume and easy preparation have shown a prominent performance for pharmaceuticals monitoring. For this purpose, a miniaturized electrochemical platform was developed based on recycling obsolete computer integrated circuits (microchips), fitting with the ideals of green chemistry and circular economy. The gold microelectrodes array (Au-μEA) was easily exposed by polishing the device surface and then characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. To enhance the analytical performance for isoniazid detection, the Au-μEA was modified with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). The developed sensor presented a linear range between 5 and 100 μmol L-1 and a limit of detection of 1.38 μmol L-1 demonstrating a reliable performance. Looking to its environmental application, the ERGO/Au-μEA sensor was used for isoniazid quantification in lagoon, river, tap water and synthetic effluent spiked samples with recovery values between 92.5 and 108.4%. Thus, this research field opens up new possibilities in global water-related issues contributing with innovative sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Leandro Aquino de Queiroz
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes Medeiros
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kayky Augusto da Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pollyana Souza Castro
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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4
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Duan X, Ning Z, Wang W, Li Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Li W, Chang L. Y-mediated optimization of 3DG-PbO 2 anode for electrochemical degradation of PFOS. BMC Chem 2023; 17:146. [PMID: 37891592 PMCID: PMC10612263 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, the three-dimensional graphene-modified PbO2 (3DG-PbO2) anode was prepared for the effective degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonat (PFOS) by the electrochemical oxidation process. However, the mineralization efficiency of PFOS at the 3DG-PbO2 anode still needs to be further improved due to the recalcitrance of PFOS. Thus, in this study, the yttrium (Y) was doped into the 3DG-PbO2 film to further improve the electrochemical activity of the PbO2 anode. To optimize the doping amount of Y, three Y and 3DG codoped PbO2 anodes were fabricated with different Y3+ concentrations of 5, 15, and 30 mM in the electroplating solution, which were named Y/3DG-PbO2-5, Y/3DG-PbO2-15 and Y/3DG-PbO2-30, respectively. The results of morphological, structural, and electrochemical characterization revealed that doping Y into the 3DG-PbO2 anode further refined the β-PbO2 crystals, increased the oxygen evolution overpotential and active sites, and reduced the electron transfer resistance, resulting in a superior electrocatalytic activity. Among all the prepared anodes, the Y/3DG-PbO2-15 anode exhibited the best activity for electrochemical oxidation of PFOS. After 120 min of electrolysis, the TOC removal efficiency was 80.89% with Y/3DG-PbO2-15 anode, greatly higher than 69.13% with 3DG-PbO2 anode. In addition, the effect of operating parameters on PFOS removal was analyzed by response surface, and the obtained optimum values of current density, initial PFOS concentration, pH, and Na2SO4 concentration were 50 mA/cm2, 12.21 mg/L, 5.39, and 0.01 M, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the PFOS removal efficiency reached up to 97.16% after 40 min of electrolysis. The results of the present study confirmed that the Y/3DG-PbO2 was a promising anode for electrocatalytic oxidation of persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Ziqi Ning
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Liyue Liu
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Limin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China.
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5
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Ni Y, Yue W, Liu F, Bi W, Sun Z, Wu Y. Efficient electrochemical oxidation of cephalosporin antibiotics by a highly active cerium doped PbO2 anode: Parameters optimization, kinetics and degradation pathways. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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6
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Zhang Z, Qiao D, Li X, Jing X, Xu H, Yan W. Constant current-exponential attenuation mode: A non-traditional power supply mode for electrocatalytic oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:137961. [PMID: 36738940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low average current efficiency (ACE) and high energy consumption (EC) have seriously hindered the industrial development of electrocatalytic oxidation (ECO) technology. Timely adjustment of the current output according to the attenuation law of the organic pollutants concentration during the reaction process can help to solve the low electrical energy utilization problem at source. In this study, a non-traditional power supply mode with "constant current-exponential attenuation" (Mode CC-EA) was proposed and applied to intermittent ECO systems. The current is first output in a constant state and then attenuated exponentially according to the decreasing law of pollutants concentration, enabling efficient use of electrons at all stages of the reaction, resulting in increased degradation rates and ACE, and reduced EC. Acidic red G (ARG) was used as the target pollutant and the degradation effects of the traditional constant current mode (Mode CC), the direct exponential attenuation mode (Mode EA) and the Mode CC-EA were compared with different evaluation parameters. The results showed that the optimized Mode EA (n4) and Mode CC-EA (70-n11) degraded ARG with an ACE of 5.28 and 6.09%, respectively, which were 1.26 and 1.45 times higher than Mode CC (4.2%). At the same time, the EC were 0.36 and 0.27 kWh gCOD-1, respectively, which were 12.2 and 34.2% lower than Mode CC (0.41 kWh gCOD-1). The parameters of Mode CC-EA were further optimized and used for the degradation of three typical dye wastewaters, crystal violet (CV), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), to investigate their general applicability. The results showed that the optimized Mode CC-EA achieved higher decolorization rates, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates for the four wastewaters, including ARG, than Mode CC within 120 min for the same total input charge. The ACE of Mode CC-EA was on average 1.3 times higher than that of Mode CC, while the EC was on average 25.3% lower. Mode CC-EA achieves efficient use of electrical energy while ensuring the catalytic effect, which is of great application for the efficient treatment of dye wastewater and significance for the industrial development of ECO technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Jing
- Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311200, PR China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311200, PR China
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7
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Dai J, Feng H, Shi K, Ma X, Yan Y, Ye L, Xia Y. Electrochemical degradation of antibiotic enoxacin using a novel PbO 2 electrode with a graphene nanoplatelets inter-layer: Characteristics, efficiency and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135833. [PMID: 35948101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel PbO2 electrode was fabricated by adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) inter-layer into β-PbO2 active layer (called GNP-PbO2) and utilized to degradation of antibiotic enoxacin (ENO). The GNP-PbO2 electrode had a much rougher surface than the typical PbO2 electrode, with smaller crystal size and lower charge-transfer resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Notably, the GNP inter-layer increased the oxygen evolution potential of PbO2 electrode (2.05 V vs. SCE), which was very beneficial to inhibit oxygen evolution and promote ·OH production. The relatively best operating parameters for ENO removal and energy efficiency were current density of 20 mA cm-2, initial pH of 7, initial ENO concentration of 100 mg L-1 and electrode distance of 4 cm. Furthermore, indirect radical oxidation was found to be the main way during electrolysis process. Based on the observed analysis of intermediate products, the main reaction pathways of ENO included hydroxylation, defluorination and piperazine ring-opening. Finally, combinating with the electro-oxidation capability, stability and safety evaluation, we can conclude that GNP-PbO2 is a promising anode for treatment of various organic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huajun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kefan Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiangjuan Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ling Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yijing Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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8
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Integrated Electro-photo-Fenton process and visible light-driven TiO2/rGO/Fe2O3 photocatalyst based on graphite cathode in the presence of iron anode for Metronidazole degradation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Electrochemical oxidation of lamivudine using graphene oxide and Yb co-modified PbO2 electrodes: characterization, influencing factors and degradation mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Dos Santos JRN, Alves ICB, Marques ALB, Marques EP. Bibliometric analysis of global research progress on electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54769-54781. [PMID: 35305220 PMCID: PMC8934053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a result of anthropogenic action, an increasing amount of toxic organic compounds has been released into the environment. These pollutants have adverse effects on human health and wildlife, which has motivated the development of different types of technologies for the treatment of effluents and contaminated environments. The electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants has attracted the interest of research centers around the world for its environmental compatibility, high efficiency, and affordable cost. In the present study, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science database in order to assess the progress of publications related to electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants between the years 2001 and 2021. The data retrieved showed a significant increase in publications related to the topic in the last 20 years. Electrochimica Acta was the magazine responsible for the largest number of publications (291, 6.52%). The studies mainly included the areas of engineering, chemistry, and environmental science ecology. China with a total of 1472 (32.96%) publications dominated research in this area, followed by Spain (436, 9.76%) and Brazil (345, 7.72%). The institutions with the highest number of contributions were the University of Barcelona and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the most productive authors were Brillas E. and Oturan M. A. The results of this study provide important references and information on possible research directions for future investigations on electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ribamar Nascimento Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon (BIONORTE), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, NEPE: LPQA & LAPQAP), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ismael Carlos Braga Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon (BIONORTE), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Technology, NEPE: LPQA & LAPQAP), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Aldaléa Lopes Brandes Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon (BIONORTE), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical Technology, NEPE: LPQA & LAPQAP), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Edmar Pereira Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon (BIONORTE), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, NEPE: LPQA & LAPQAP), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
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11
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Agasti N, Gautam V, Priyanka, Manju, Pandey N, Genwa M, Meena P, Tandon S, Samantaray R. Carbon nanotube based magnetic composites for decontamination of organic chemical pollutants in water: A review. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 10:100270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
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12
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Liu Y, Xi H, Wang J, Fu J, Shi T. Mechanistic studies on the oxidation reaction of antitubercular drug isoniazid and its analogy hydrazides by chlorine dioxide over a wide pH range. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Progress in Preparation and Application of Titanium Sub-Oxides Electrode in Electrocatalytic Degradation for Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve low-carbon and sustainable development it is imperative to explore water treatment technologies in a carbon-neutral model. Because of its advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, and no secondary pollution, electrocatalytic oxidation technology has attracted increasing attention in tackling the challenges of organic wastewater treatment. The performance of an electrocatalytic oxidation system depends mainly on the properties of electrodes materials. Compared with the instability of graphite electrodes, the high expenditure of noble metal electrodes and boron-doped diamond electrodes, and the hidden dangers of titanium-based metal oxide electrodes, a titanium sub-oxide material has been characterized as an ideal choice of anode material due to its unique crystal and electronic structure, including high conductivity, decent catalytic activity, intense physical and chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low cost, and long service life, etc. This paper systematically reviews the electrode preparation technology of Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxide and its research progress in the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment of organic wastewater in recent years, with technical difficulties highlighted. Future research directions are further proposed in process optimization, material modification, and application expansion. It is worth noting that Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides have played very important roles in organic degradation. There is no doubt that titanium sub-oxides will become indispensable materials in the future.
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14
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Rai D, Sinha S. Research trends in the development of anodes for electrochemical oxidation of wastewater. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The review focuses on the recent development in anode materials and their synthesis approach, focusing on their compatibility for treating actual industrial wastewater, improving selectivity, electrocatalytic activity, stability at higher concentration, and thereby reducing the mineralization cost for organic pollutant degradation. The advancement in sol–gel technique, including the Pechini method, is discussed in the first section. A separate discussion related to the selection of the electrodeposition method and its deciding parameters is also included. Furthermore, the effect of using advanced heating approaches, including microwave and laser deposition synthesis, is also discussed. Next, a separate discussion is provided on using different types of anode materials and their effect on active •OH radical generation, activity, and electrode stability in direct and indirect oxidation and future aspects. The effect of using different synthesis approaches, additives, and doping is discussed separately for each anode. Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal doping enhance the number of active sites, electrochemical activity, and mineralization current efficiency (MCE) of the anode. While, microwave or laser heating approaches were proved to be an effective, cheaper, and fast alternative to conventional heating. The electrodeposition and nonaqueous solvent synthesis were convenient and environment-friendly techniques for conductive metallic and polymeric film deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Shishir Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
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15
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Study of isoniazid degradation by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, by-products analysis and toxicity evaluation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Electrocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by a 3DG-PbO2 powdered anode: Experimental and theoretical insights. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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He L, Wang C, Chen X, Jiang L, Ji Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wang J. Preparation of Tin-Antimony anode modified with carbon nanotubes for electrochemical treatment of coking wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132362. [PMID: 34592208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve the electrocatalytic activity, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to modify a titanium-supported tin-antimony anode (Ti/SnO2-Sb). Compared to a Ti/SnO2-Sb anode, the Ti/SnO2-Sb-CNTs anode exhibited a higher oxygen evolution potential (1.62 V), smaller crystalline volume (71.23 Å3), larger active surface area (0.371 mC cm-2), lower charge transfer resistance (8.24 Ω), and longer service life (291 h). The CNTs provided the Ti/SnO2-Sb anode with effective electrocatalytic activity, conductivity and stability. To evaluate its performance, the Ti/SnO2-Sb-CNTs anode was utilized for the treatment of coking wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal yields of the coking wastewater reached 83.05% and 74.56% under the optimal current density of 25 mA m-2, Na2SO4 concentration of 35 mM, and plate spacing of 10 mm. UV254, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix spectra spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that the aromatic and nitrogenous compounds in the coking wastewater were degraded. Furthermore, the electrochemical treatment could effectively reduce the toxicity of the coking wastewater. The energy consumption of the coking wastewater treatment was reduced to 396.56 kWh (kg COD)-1. This study provides a basis engineering application of the electrochemical oxidation of coking wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Chunrong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Longxin Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yuxian Ji
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yingsong Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Ding 11#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Görmez Ö, Doğan Çalhan S, Gözmen B. Degradation of isoniazid by anodic oxidation and subcritical water oxidation methods: Application of Box-Behnken design. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:1-26. [PMID: 35895932 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2026192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds released into the aquatic environment are known to cause toxic effects on the environment. Isoniazid is widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and is, therefore, frequently encountered in environmental waters. In this study, the degradation of isoniazid was investigated by anodic oxidation and subcritical water oxidation method which are members of Advanced Oxidation Processes. The Box-Behnken Design was used to determine the effects of current, initial concentration, and electrolysis time on mineralization in the anodic oxidation process, which carried out a cell with a Pt cathode and boron-doped diamond anode. The highest mineralization value of 78.14% was achieved at optimal conditions of 300 mA, 3 h, and 100 mg/L initial concentration. The degradation of Isoniazid was also investigated under subcritical water conditions using an ecological oxidizing agent, H2O2. The maximum mineralization rate of 72.23% was obtained when 100 mM H2O2 was used for a 90 min treatment at 125 °C for 100 mg/L Isoniazid solution in the subcritical water oxidation process. The LC-MS results showed that the degradation products obtained by AO and SWO methods were different from each other. Finally, possible degradation mechanisms are proposed according to the degradation products obtained for both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan Görmez
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selda Doğan Çalhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gözmen
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Feng J, Tao Q, Lan H, Xia Y, Dai Q. Electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole by nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets composite PbO 2 electrode: Kinetics and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131610. [PMID: 34426123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNSs) were prepared and successfully combined into the PbO2 electrode by the composite electrodeposition technology, thereby NCNS-PbO2 electrode was obtained. The electrochemical degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in aqueous solution by NCNS-PbO2 electrode was studied. The main influence factors on the degradation of SMX, such as the initial concentration of SMX, current density, electrolyte concentration and initial pH value, were analyzed in detail. Under the optimal process conditions, after 120 min of treatment, the removal ratio of SMX and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 99.8 % and 60.7 %, respectively. The results showed that the electrochemical degradation of SMX fitted pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The electrochemical performance of NCNS-PbO2 electrode was better than that of PbO2 electrode by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as the use of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for electrochemical performance testing. This was because the doping of nitrogen atoms improved the properties of carbon nanosheets. After the composite, the active sites on the surface of PbO2 were improved, the particle size of PbO2 was reduced, and the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of the electrode were improved. In addition, the intermediate products were determined by GC-MS method, and the possible degradation pathways of SMX were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqi Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Qibin Tao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Hao Lan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yi Xia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Qizhou Dai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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You H, Chen Z, Yu Q, Zhu W, Chen B, Lv Z, Hu Q, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Li S, Yeasmin F. Preparation of a three-dimensional porous PbO2-CNTs composite electrode and study of the degradation behavior of p-nitrophenol. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Improved NH3-N conversion efficiency to N2 activated by BDD substrate on NiCu electrocatalysis process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xiong P, Fan S, Song J, Dai Q. Mechanism of catalytic ozonation for elimination of methyldopa with Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @CeO 2 catalyst. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2903-2913. [PMID: 34363642 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3 O4 @SiO2 @CeO2 ) was prepared and applied in the catalytic ozonation of methyldopa (MD). The effects of operational parameters on catalytic ozonation performance were investigated, including ozone dosage, catalyst dosage, initial MD concentration, and pH. The removal of MD was 45.2% in ozonation, whereas the efficiency was achieved to 83.0% with the addition of Fe3 O4 @SiO2 @CeO2 . The results showed that Fe3 O4 @SiO2 @CeO2 could significantly improve the catalytic ozonation performance. And the enhanced mechanism study showed that it was attributed to promotion of ozone decomposition to generate hydroxyl radical. The reaction model was explored, and the reaction rates were calculated for the MD degradation in catalytic ozonation. A higher degradation efficiency of MD in catalytic ozonation was attributed to the enhanced surface effect of the catalysts, which was confirmed by using TBA, PO4 3- , and p-BQ as scavengers of hydroxyl radical, surface reaction, and superoxide radical. The hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical played an important role in the degradation of MD. The mechanism of catalytic ozonation by Fe3 O4 @SiO2 @CeO2 was discussed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xiong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Fan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinshan Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qizhou Dai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Lv Z, Chen Z, Yu Q, Zhu W, You H, Chen B, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Hu Q. Micro-area investigation on electrochemical performance improvement with Co and Mn doping in PbO 2 electrode materials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28949-28960. [PMID: 35478565 PMCID: PMC9038181 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PbO2-Co3O4-MnO2 electrodes, used in the electrowinning industry and in the degradation of organic pollutants, have demonstrated an elevated performance through macroscopic electrochemical measurements. However, few reports have investigated localized electrochemical performance, which plays an indispensable role in determining the essential reasons for the improvement of the modified material. In this study, the causes of the increase in electrochemical reactivity are unveiled from a micro perspective through scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microscopy (Raman), and X-ray photoelectronic energy spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the increase of electrochemical reactivity of the modified electrodes results from two factors: transformation of the microstructure and change in the intrinsic physicochemical properties. Constant-height scanning maps indicate that the electrochemical reactivity of the modified electrodes is higher than that of the PbO2 electrode on the whole and high-reactivity areas are orderly distributed, coinciding with the observations from SEM and XRD. Thus, one of the reasons for the improvement of the modified electrode performance is the refinement of the microscopic morphology. The other reason is the surge of the oxygen vacancy concentration on the surface of the coating, which is supported by XRD, Raman and XPS. This finding is detected by the probe approach curve (PAC), which can quantitatively characterize the electrochemical reactivity of a substrate. Heterogeneous charge transfer rate constants of the modified electrode are 4-5 times higher than that of the traditional PbO2 electrode. This research offers some insight into the electrochemical reactivity of modified PbO2 electrodes from a micro perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lv
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Hongjun You
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Bangyao Chen
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Zhaoyi Zheng
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Qi Hu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
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Wu H, Tan H, Chen L, Yang B, Hou Y, Lei L, Li Z. Stainless steel cloth modified by carbon nanoparticles of Chinese ink as scalable and high-performance anode in microbial fuel cell. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rahmani A, Seid-Mohammadi A, Leili M, Shabanloo A, Ansari A, Alizadeh S, Nematollahi D. Electrocatalytic degradation of diuron herbicide using three-dimensional carbon felt/β-PbO 2 anode as a highly porous electrode: Influencing factors and degradation mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130141. [PMID: 33714150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional planar PbO2 anodes have been used extensively for the electrocatalytic degradation process. However, by using porous PbO2 anodes that have a three-dimensional architecture, the efficiency of the process can be significantly upgraded. In the current study, carbon felt (CF) with a highly porous structure and a conventional planar graphite sheet (G) were used as electrode substrate for PbO2 anodes. Both CF/β-PbO2 and G/β-PbO2 anodes were prepared by the anodic deposition method. The main properties of the electrodes were characterized by XRD, EDX-mapping, FESEM, and BET-BJH techniques. The electrocatalytic degradation of diuron using three-dimensional porous CF/β-PbO2 anode was modeled and optimized by a rotatable central composite design. After optimizing the process, the ability of porous CF/β-PbO2 and planar G/β-PbO2 anodes to degrade and mineralize diuron was compared. The electrocatalytic degradation of the diuron was well described by a quadratic model (R2 > 0.99). Under optimal conditions, the kinetics of diuron removal using CF/β-PbO2 anode was 3 times faster than the G/β-PbO2 anode. The energy consumed for the complete mineralization of diuron using CF/β-PbO2 anode was 2077 kWh kg-1 TOC. However, the G/β-PbO2 anode removed only 65% of the TOC by consuming 54% more energy. The CF/β-PbO2 had more stability (115 vs. 91 h), larger surface area (1.6287 vs. 0.8565 m2 g-1), and higher oxygen evolution potential (1.89 vs. 1.84 V) compared to the G/β-PbO2. In the proposed pathways for diuron degradation, the aromatic ring and groups of carbonyl, dimethyl urea, and amide were the main targets for HO• radical attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Shabanloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Ansari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saber Alizadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using a bifacial electrode of nickel-polyethylene glycol-PbO2//Ti//TiO2-Ag2O. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Chen X, Sun C, Ma C, Zhang H, Cao L, Yang J. Stabilized PbO2 electrode prepared via crystal facet controlling for outstanding degradation of MePB. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible electronic devices (especially flexible LCD/OLED), flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high light transmittance, high electrical conductivity, and excellent stretchability have attracted extensive attention from researchers and businesses. FTEs serve as an important part of display devices (touch screen and display), energy storage devices (solar cells and super capacitors), and wearable medical devices (electronic skin). In this paper, we review the recent progress in the field of FTEs, with special emphasis on metal materials, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers (CPs), and composite materials, which are good alternatives to the traditional commercial transparent electrode (i.e., indium tin oxide, ITO). With respect to production methods, this article provides a detailed discussion on the performance differences and practical applications of different materials. Furthermore, major challenges and future developments of FTEs are also discussed.
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Guo Y, Xu Z, Guo S, Chen S, Xu H, Xu X, Gao X, Yan W. Selection of anode materials and optimization of operating parameters for electrochemical water descaling. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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