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Celis JE, Squadrone S, Berti G, Abete MC, Sandoval M, Espejo W. Distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in the feathers of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from different geographical locations of the Antarctic peninsula area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170923. [PMID: 38354803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Antarctica is the most remote and coldest regions of the planet, but the presence of REEs there has received little attention. This study assessed REE-contents in the feathers of adult gentoo penguins from Ardley Island, Kopaitic Island and Base O'Higgins. Field work was accomplished during 2011 (austral summer), and determination of elements was performed with ICP-MS. In general, REE-levels showed descending relations as follows: Ce > La > Y > Nd > Sc > Pr > Gd > Sm > Dy >Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The data showed an increase of the levels of REEs from the lower part of the feather to the tip. This finding seems to be spatially dependent, but geochemical, anthropogenic conditions, feeding habits, sex, or even health status of birds should also be considered. It is a subject that requires deeper attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Celis
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Berti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Sandoval
- Department of Soil & Natural Resources, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Winfred Espejo
- Department of Soil & Natural Resources, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile.
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2
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Liu H, Zheng W, Gao Y, Yang L, Yue F, Huang T, Xie Z. Increased Contribution of Circumpolar Deep Water Upwelling to Methylmercury in the Upper Ocean around Antarctica: Evidence from Mercury Isotopes in the Ornithogenic Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2762-2773. [PMID: 38294849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Upwelling plays a pivotal role in supplying methylmercury (MeHg) to the upper oceans, contributing to the bioaccumulation of MeHg in the marine food web. However, the influence of the upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), the most voluminous water mass in the Southern Ocean, on the MeHg cycle in the surrounding oceans and marine biota of Antarctica remains unclear. Here, we study the mercury (Hg) isotopes in an ornithogenic sedimentary profile strongly influenced by penguin activity on Ross Island, Antarctica. Results indicate that penguin guano is the primary source of Hg in the sediments, and the mass-independent isotope fractionation of Hg (represented by Δ199Hg) can provide insights on the source of marine MeHg accumulated by penguin. The Δ199Hg in the sediments shows a significant decrease at ∼1550 CE, which is primarily attributed to the enhanced upwelling of CDW that brought more MeHg with lower Δ199Hg from the deeper seawater to the upper ocean. We estimate that the contribution of MeHg from the deeper seawater may reach more than 38% in order to explain the decline in Δ199Hg at ∼1550 CE. Moreover, we found that the intensified upwelling may have increased the MeHg exposure for marine organisms, highlighting the importance of CDW upwelling on the MeHg cycle in Antarctic coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yuesong Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lianjiao Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fange Yue
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Song Y, Li Y, Yin Y, Cai Y. An improved method for rapid and safe preparation and measurement of dimethylmercury using gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464472. [PMID: 37924619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Transformations between dimethylmercury (DMHg) and other mercury (Hg) species have been one of the critical knowledge gaps in the Hg global biogeochemical cycle due to the lack of detailed studies. The preparation and measurement of DMHg are challenging due to the high toxicity and volatility of DMHg. In this work, we invented a new DMHg generator for successfully preparing high-purity DMHg in a highly controllable and safe way. The DMHg could be spontaneously volatilized and diffused from the original preparation solution to the solution to be studied. The parameters for generating DMHg were optimized to be the pH value of 4.0 with a MeCo/Hg2+ molar ratio of 10 at 20 °C. The following measurement method of DMHg in the presence of various species of Hg was also investigated and optimized. Hg0 and DMHg could be separated effectively with the carrier gas flow rate of 15 mL min-1 and the gas chromatography column temperature of 30 °C. The interferences of Hg0, monomethylmercury and other species were excluded by systematic control experiments. A sensitive and reliable approach for quantifying trace DMHg in water was developed. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for Hg0, MMHg and DMHg were 0.03, 0.002 and 0.024 ng L-1, respectively, with the relative standard deviation below 8.2%. The developed method was validated by the determination Hg species of different natural water samples. This work is expected to provide a new and safe strategy for DMHg preparation and a verified method for DMHg measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Lian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Wang X, Xie Q, Wang Y, Lü H, Fu M, Wang D, Li J. Hg bioaccumulation in the aquatic food web from tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China and potential consumption advisories. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131902. [PMID: 37364435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) holds the distinction of being China's largest reservoir, and the presence of pollutants in the fish from the reservoir have a direct impact on the health of local residents. Thus, 349 fish specimens of 21 species and 1 benthos (Bellamya aeruginosas) were collected from four typical tributaries of the TGR from 2019 to 2020. These specimens were analyzed for the concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg), and some representative samples were tested for δ13C and δ15N values to reveal the characteristics of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The maximum safe daily consumption was estimated based on the oral reference dose (0.1 μg kg-1 bw/day according to US-EPA, 2017). The results showed that the mean THg and MeHg concentrations in fish from the TGR tributaries were 73.18 ± 49.21 ng g-1 and 48.42 ± 40.66 ng g-1, respectively, with the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of THg and MeHg being 0.066 and 0.060, respectively. Among all the fish species in the tributaries, the highest daily maximum safe consumption amount was 1253.89 g for S. asotus consumed by adults, while the lowest was 62.88 g for C. nasus consumed by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Resources, Environment and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 402260, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjian Lü
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Fu
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Celis JE, Espejo W, Chiang G, Kitamura D, Kashiwada S, O'Driscoll NJ. Concentration of fifty-six elements in excreta of penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115133. [PMID: 37276708 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seabird feces as indicators of the exposure to environmental contaminants have been studied worldwide. Penguins are indicator species for marine pollution, but their role as biovectors of rare earth elements (REEs) to ecosystems have been little studied. The present study quantified the concentration of REEs and trace elements (TEs) in feces of gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua). Adult penguin excreta from Fildes Bay (King George Island) and Yelcho Base (Palmer Archipelago) were collected and then analyzed by ICP-MS. Among REEs, levels ranged from 0.0038 to 1.02 μg g-1 d.w. for Lu and Ce, respectively. For TEs, the levels varied widely through the sample set, with Al, Fe, Sr, Zn and Ti as the highest mean levels, particularly at Fildes Bay. The data show that gentoo penguins act as a biovector organism by transporting TEs and REEs from the sea to land via excreta, reaffirming that this species acts as an important biovector organism in Antarctic ecosystems. The potential impacts of this process on Antarctic ecosystems needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Celis
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Winfred Espejo
- Soils & Natural Resources Department, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Sustainability Research Centre-Ecology & Biodiversity Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daiki Kitamura
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Oura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Oura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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Monserrate-Maggi L, Serrano-Mena L, Delahaye L, Calle P, Alvarado-Cadena O, Ruiz-Barzola O, Cevallos-Cevallos JM. Microorganisms isolated from seabirds feathers for mercury bioremediation. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by mercury has received increasing attention in recent years. Several studies have warned of the high rates of biomagnification in superior levels of marine food networks affecting seabirds. Although seabird feathers are reported as bioindicators of mercury, the possibility of using the microbiota associated with them for the bioremediation of this metal has not been considered. Despite the potential of the seabird feather microbiota, the cultivable microorganisms from this sample matrix have not been identified. In this study, we isolated and identified the organisms in the feathers from three types of seabirds, two species of penguins (Pygoscelis antartica and Pygoscelis papua) and the brown skua bird (Catharacta lonnbergi) through poisoned media a final concentration of 10 mg / L Hg2+ in the culture medium for the microbial consortia. Yeast isolates belonged to the genus Debaryomyces, Meyerozyma, Papiliotrema, and Rhodotorula, and fungi genera Leiotrametes, Penicillium, Pseudogymnoascus, and Cladosporium were identified. Adult bird feathers with high mercury concentrations can serve as a matrix to isolate microorganisms capable of removing mercury.
Keywords: Antarctica, bioremediation, feathers, mercury, microorganisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Monserrate-Maggi
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Lizette Serrano-Mena
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Louise Delahaye
- VIVES University CollegePost-graduate International Cooperation North-South, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Paola Calle
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Omar Alvarado-Cadena
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz-Barzola
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador; ; . 4 Universidad de Salamanca, Departamento de Estadística; Campus Miguel de Unamuno. 37007, Salamanca -España;
| | - Juan Manuel Cevallos-Cevallos
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil ; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Bradford MA, Mallory ML, O'Driscoll NJ. Mercury bioaccumulation and speciation in coastal invertebrates: Implications for trophic magnification in a marine food web. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114647. [PMID: 36736254 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies on mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in coastal invertebrates in eastern Canada are limited, but these data are necessary to determine risk of mercury exposure effects in upper trophic level organisms. We quantified methylmercury (MeHg), total mercury (THg), and stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in 14 species of invertebrates in the Minas Basin. The overall mean concentration of MeHg (12.78 ± 11.23 ng/g dw) was approximately 10 times below the Canadian guideline for the protection of wildlife consumers like fish and birds of 157.20 ng/g dry weight (dw). Invertebrates at higher trophic positions (δ15N) had greater THg and particularly MeHg. The Trophic Magnification Factors (TMF) for MeHg and THg (1.59 and 1.21 respectively) were similar to others reported in studies of food webs containing higher trophic level organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Bradford
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Espejo W, Chiang G, Kitamura D, Kashiwada S, O'Driscoll NJ, Celis JE. Occurrence of rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements (TEs) in feathers of adult and young Gentoo penguins from King George Island, Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114575. [PMID: 36640502 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Penguins are sentinel species for marine pollution, but their role as potential biovectors of REEs or TEs to ecosystems has been poorly studied. The present study analyzed (ICP-MS) feathers of young and adult Gentoo penguins from Fildes Bay, for 63 elements (including 15 REEs). Most of the REEs were present at very low levels, ranging from 0.002 (Lu) to 0.452 (Sm) μg g-1 d.w., several orders of magnitude lower than TEs. The content of TEs varied widely, with Al, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba, Ti and Mn as the seven having the highest concentrations in the feathers of both age groups. The results show that P. papua deposits REEs and TEs through the feathers on the penguin rockery, whose potential actual impacts and long-term fate in remote regions need deeper research. This work presents essential baseline data that will be useful for further studies on Antarctic penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfred Espejo
- Soils and Natural Resources Department, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Sustainability Research Centre-Ecology & Biodiversity Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daiki Kitamura
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Oura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Oura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - José E Celis
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile.
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Li C, Luo K, Shao Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Liang T, Xu Z, Dong X, Wang H, Qiu G. Total and methylmercury concentrations in nocturnal migratory birds passing through Mount Ailao, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114373. [PMID: 36165871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing concerns over mercury (Hg) accumulation in birds in recent decades, little is known about Hg exposure in nocturnal migratory birds. Here, total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were detected in the feathers of nocturnal migratory birds (n = 286, belonging to 46 species) passing through Mount Ailao in Southwest China. The stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were also determined to clarify the effects of trophic position, foraging guild, and foraging behavior on Hg bioaccumulation. Our results show that the THg and MeHg concentrations varied by two orders of magnitude among all nocturnal migratory birds investigated, with the lowest values (THg: 0.056 mg kg-1; MeHg: 0.038 mg kg-1) in the Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) and the highest (THg: 12 mg kg-1; MeHg: 7.8 mg kg-1) in the hair-crested drongo (Dicrurus hottentottus). Waterbirds showed higher δ15N values and higher THg and MeHg concentrations than songbirds, and the Hg concentrations in piscivorous species were significantly higher than those in herbivores, omnivores, and insectivores. Significant effects of foraging guilds (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001) and foraging behaviors (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001) on the Hg concentrations in migratory bird feathers were detected. A risk assessment indicated that approximately 7.0% of individuals were at moderate (2.4-5.0 mg kg-1) to high (>5.0 mg kg-1) risk of Hg exposure, and were therefore vulnerable to adverse physiological and behavioral effects. A long-term monitoring campaign during the migratory period is highly recommended to better understand the bioaccumulation of Hg in these nocturnal migratory bird populations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Kang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxiao Shao
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Tao Liang
- Zhenyuan Management and Protection Bureau of Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Zhenyuan, 666500, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Zhenyuan Management and Protection Bureau of Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Zhenyuan, 666500, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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Zhang L, Song Y, Li Y, Yin Y, Cai Y. Role of light in methylmercury photodegradation: From irradiation to absorption in the presence of organic ligands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157550. [PMID: 35907539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical degradation acts as the principal sink for methylmercury (MeHg) in surface water, which is regulated by light and solution matrix (especially the presence of dissolved organic matter, DOM). The spectral composition of light irradiation and the light absorption properties of reaction media (often exerted by DOM) are important in MeHg photodegradation, which has not yet been clearly resolved. Aiming to understand the role of light in MeHg photodegradation from the perspectives of both light irradiation and absorption, we investigated the photodegradation of MeHg under different simulated sunlight sources, with and without DOM model compounds of different molecular structures. The results show that the photodegradation of MeHg under different sunlight irradiation yields distinct first-order date constant, mainly due to the slight difference in UVB composition. The degradation of MeHg without DOM under a light source with high intensity in the UV region and no MeHg degradation under the UV-filtered light even in the presence of DOM showed the importance of UV lights in MeHg photodegradation. The use of ultrapure water as a reaction medium may be subject to MeHg loss through vessel adsorption, not just photolysis. Additionally, this work found that the type and position of coexisting substituents on aromatic thiols play a critical role in improving the photodegradation of MeHg, following amino > hydroxyl > carboxyl, para > meta > ortho. Based on the characterization of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and our previous work, it was concluded that the presence of DOM could induce red-shift in light absorption and reduce the electronic transition energy of the CHg bond, facilitating MeHg photodegradation. The structures of DOM affect the light absorption properties, which are related to MeHg photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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11
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Celis JE, Espejo W, Chiang G, Kitamura D, Vergara E, Kashiwada S, O'Driscoll NJ. Trace and rare earth elements in excreta of two species of marine mammals from South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114095. [PMID: 36070639 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pinnipeds are sentinel species for marine pollution, but their role as vectors of trace elements (TEs) or rare earth elements (REEs) to ecosystems has been poorly studied. The present study tested pinniped feces for 61 elements, including REEs. Feces of adult seals (Mirounga leonina, Hydrurga leptonyx) from Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, were analyzed by ICP-MS. TEs varied by several orders of magnitude across the suite examined herein, with Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, HgII and Sr as the top six in both species. Of the REEs, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Y and Yb were found consistently in all samples and ranged from 0.935 to 0.006 μg g-1 d.w. The results show that both species act as biovector organisms of TEs and REEs through feces in remote environments, whose actual impacts and long-term fate need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Celis
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Winfred Espejo
- Soils and Natural Resources Department, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Sustainability Research Centre-Ecology & Biodiversity Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daiki Kitamura
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Oura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Elvira Vergara
- Doctorado Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados - HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Oura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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12
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Wu X, Zheng X, Yu L, Lu R, Zhang Q, Luo XJ, Mai BX. Biomagnification of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates to Songbirds: Associations with Physiochemical and Ecological Indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12200-12209. [PMID: 35952373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is affected by physiochemical properties of POPs and ecological factors of wildlife. In this study, influences on species-specific biomagnification of POPs from aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates to eight songbird species were investigated. The median concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in birds were 175 to 13 200 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 62.7 to 3710 ng/g lw, respectively. Diet compositions of different invertebrate taxa for songbird species were quantified by quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Aquatic insects had more contributions of more hydrophobic POPs, while terrestrial invertebrates had more contributions of less hydrophobic PCBs in songbirds. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) and trophic magnification factors had parabolic relationships with log KOW and log KOA. The partition ratios of POPs between bird muscle and air were significantly and positively correlated with log KOA of POPs, indicating respiratory elimination as an important determinant in biomagnification of POPs in songbirds. In this study, the species-specific biomagnification of POPs in songbird species cannot be explained by stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen and body parameters of bird species. BMFs of most studied POPs were significantly correlated with proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids in different species of songbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lehuan Yu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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13
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Wu X, Chen L, Li X, Cao X, Zheng X, Li R, Zhang J, Luo X, Mai B. Trophic transfer of methylmercury and brominated flame retardants in adjacent riparian and aquatic food webs: 13C indicates biotransport of contaminants through food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119433. [PMID: 35550129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnification of persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in food chains is of environmental concern, but studies on biotransport of PTSs across aquatic and riparian food chains are still incomplete. In this study, biomagnification of several PTSs including methylmercury (MeHg), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) was investigated in adjacent aquatic and riparian food webs. Concentrations of MeHg and PBDEs ranged from 2.37 to 353 ng/g dry weight (dw) and not detected (Nd) to 65.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in riparian samples, respectively, and ranged from Nd to 705 ng/g dw and Nd to 187 ng/g lw in aquatic samples, respectively. Concentrations of MeHg were significantly correlated with δ13C (p < 0.01) rather than δ15N (p > 0.05) values in riparian organisms, while a significant correlation was observed between concentrations of MeHg and δ15N (p < 0.01) in aquatic organisms. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of PBDE congeners were similar in riparian and aquatic food webs, while BMFs and TMFs of MeHg were much higher in aquatic food web than those in riparian food web. The results indicate the biotransport of MeHg from aquatic insects to terrestrial birds, and δ13C can be a promising ecological indicator for biotransport of pollutants across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Laiguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xingpei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ronghua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia'en Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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14
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Li ML, Gillies EJ, Briner R, Hoover CA, Sora KJ, Loseto LL, Walters WJ, Cheung WWL, Giang A. Investigating the dynamics of methylmercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea shelf food web: a modeling perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1010-1025. [PMID: 35748915 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High levels of methylmercury (MeHg) have been reported in Arctic marine biota, posing health risks to wildlife and human beings. Although MeHg concentrations of some Arctic species have been monitored for decades, the key environmental and ecological factors driving temporal trends of MeHg are largely unclear. We develop an ecosystem-based MeHg bioaccumulation model for the Beaufort Sea shelf (BSS) using the Ecotracer module of Ecopath with Ecosim, and apply the model to explore how MeHg toxicokinetics and food web trophodynamics affect bioaccumulation in the BSS food web. We show that a food web model with complex trophodynamics and relatively simple MeHg model parametrization can capture the observed biomagnification pattern of the BSS. While both benthic and pelagic production are important for transferring MeHg to fish and marine mammals, simulations suggest that benthic organisms are primarily responsible for driving the high trophic magnification factor in the BSS. We illustrate ways of combining empirical observations and modelling experiments to generate hypotheses about factors affecting food web bioaccumulation, including the MeHg elimination rate, trophodynamics, and species migration behavior. The results indicate that population dynamics rather than MeHg elimination may determine population-wide concentrations for fish and lower trophic level organisms, and cause large differences in concentrations between species at similar trophic levels. This research presents a new tool and lays the groundwork for future research to assess the pathways of global environmental changes in MeHg bioaccumulation in Arctic ecosystems in the past and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ling Li
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Emma J Gillies
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Renea Briner
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Carie A Hoover
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kristen J Sora
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa L Loseto
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department Environment and Geography, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William J Walters
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - William W L Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda Giang
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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15
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Matias RS, Guímaro HR, Bustamante P, Seco J, Chipev N, Fragão J, Tavares S, Ceia FR, Pereira ME, Barbosa A, Xavier JC. Mercury biomagnification in an Antarctic food web of the Antarctic Peninsula. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119199. [PMID: 35337890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under the climate change context, warming Southern Ocean waters may allow mercury (Hg) to become more bioavailable to the Antarctic marine food web (i.e., ice-stored Hg release and higher methylation rates by microorganisms), whose biomagnification processes are poorly documented. Biomagnification of Hg in the food web of the Antarctic Peninsula, one of the world's fastest-warming regions, was examined using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios for estimating feeding habitat and trophic levels, respectively. The stable isotope signatures and total Hg (T-Hg) concentrations were measured in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and several Antarctic predator species, including seabirds (gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua, chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarcticus, brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus, kelp gulls Larus dominicanus, southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus) and marine mammals (southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina). Significant differences in δ13C values among species were noted with a great overlap between seabird species and M. leonina. As expected, significant differences in δ15N values among species were found due to interspecific variations in diet-related to their trophic position within the marine food web. The lowest Hg concentrations were registered in E. superba (0.007 ± 0.008 μg g-1) and the highest values in M. giganteus (12.090 ± 14.177 μg g-1). Additionally, a significant positive relationship was found between Hg concentrations and trophic levels (reflected by δ15N values), biomagnifying nearly 2 times its concentrations at each level. Our results support that trophic interaction is the major pathway for Hg biomagnification in Southern Ocean ecosystems and warn about an increase in the effects of Hg on long-lived (and high trophic level) Antarctic predators under climate change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S Matias
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Hugo R Guímaro
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - José Seco
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and CESAM/REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom; CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama - EUVG, Coimbra, 3020-210, Portugal
| | - Nesho Chipev
- Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 2 Yurii Gagarin Street, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Joana Fragão
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Tavares
- CFE (Centre for Functional Ecology), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM/REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Xavier
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
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16
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Aviles-Gonzalez CI, Scano A, Cossu G, Littera R, Campagna M, Deidda S, Romano F, Kalcev G, Firinu D, Meloni F, Carta MG, Del Giacco S, Restivo A, Zorcolo L, Marongiu L, Tamburini G, Maleci A, Orrù G, Chessa L, Brasesco MV. Verifying the Theory of Climate Affecting Lethality of COVID-19 by an Analysis in Two Climatic Zones of Chile. THE OPEN PUBLIC HEALTH JOURNAL 2022; 15. [DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v15-e2204140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
The study of seasonal influences on the COVID-19 pandemic can take advantage of the unique position of Chile and its different climatic profiles in the north-south extension. The purpose is to verify the influence of seasonal climate changes on the COVID-19 in the temperate and sub-arctic areas of Chile.
Methods:
We monitored the evolution of CFR in temperate versus sub-boreal regions, reporting from the John Hopkins University COVID-19 Center on the CFR in each province in midwinter, spring, and early summer.
Results:
CFR worsened from mid-winter to mid-spring in the temperate zone of Chile, while in the sub-boreal area the CFR improves in the same period, (Kruskal Wallis Test, p=0.004). In the temperate zone after the increase in late winter-early spring, CRF tends to stabilize; on the contrary in the sub-boreal zone, there is a more marked tendency to worsen the CFR at the same time (Kruskal Wallis Test, p=0.010). The temperate zone of Chile shows a CFR increasing until spring-like temperate Europe, unlike Europe CFR does not decrease in summer, but the mean minimum temperature in temperate Chile is lower in summer than in temperate Europe. In Patagonian, CFR remains stable or drops from winter to spring but increases in early summer.
Conclusion:
The temperate and sub-boreal zones of Chile have a markedly different CFR variation profile during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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17
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Uddin MM, Peng G, Huang L. Trophic transfer, bioaccumulation, and potential health risk of trace elements in water and aquatic organisms of Yundang Lagoon at Xiamen in China. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2084420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mazbah Uddin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guogan Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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18
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Celis JE, Espejo W, de A Padilha J, Kidd KA, Gonçalves R, Dorneles P, Oliveira D, Malm O, Celis CA, Chiang G. Trophodynamics of trace elements in marine organisms from cold and remote regions of southern hemisphere. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112421. [PMID: 34838759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms and some of them biomagnify through food webs, posing a threat to the organisms or their human consumers. Although the trophodynamics of many trace metals is well known in the northern hemisphere, much less is known about metals in aquatic food webs from cold and remote coastal zones of the southern hemisphere. To fill this gap, we investigated the trophodynamics of Al, Co, Cr, Li, Mo, Ni, Sr, and V, which were measured in marine macroinvertebrates and fishes from inshore and offshore locations in each of the Chilean Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula area. In Patagonia, there was biodilution of these metals across the whole food web, while biomagnification of Li and Ni was significantly found across the lower food web at the offshore site. In Antarctica, significant biodilution of Al, Li, Ni, Mo, Sr and V occurred through the whole food web for the inshore site, but no tendency (biodilution or biomagnification) was found (p > 0.05) across the organisms at lower trophic levels for the offshore site. Our data suggest that the geographic location and species influences the trophodynamics of these trace elements and expand our understanding of metal fate in remote locations of the southern hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Celis
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Winfred Espejo
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile; GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Janeide de A Padilha
- Radioisotope Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, 1280, Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Dorneles
- Radioisotope Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Celis
- Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Nueva Bilbao, 12501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Ecology & Biodiversity Department & Sustainability Research Centre, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Córdoba-Tovar L, Marrugo-Negrete J, Barón PR, Díez S. Drivers of biomagnification of Hg, As and Se in aquatic food webs: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112226. [PMID: 34717950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnification of trace elements is increasingly evident in aquatic ecosystems. In this review we investigate the drivers of biomagnification of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in aquatic food webs. Despite Hg, As and Se biomagnify in food webs, the biomagnification potential of Hg is much higher than that of As and Se. The slope of trophic increase of Hg is consistent between temperate (0.20), tropical (0.22) and Arctic (0.22) ecosystems. Se exerts a mitigating role against Hg toxicity but desired maximum and minimum concentrations are unknown. Environmental (e.g. latitude, temperature and physicochemical characteristics) and ecological factors (e.g. trophic structure composition and food zone) can substantially influence the biomagnification process these metal (oids). Besides the level of bioaccumulated concentration, biomagnification depends on the biology, ecology and physiology of the organisms that play a key role in this process. However, it may be necessary to determine strictly biological, physiological and environmental factors that could modulate the concentrations of As and Se in particular. The information presented here should provide clues for research that include under-researched variables. Finally, we suggest that biomagnification be incorporated into environmental management policies, mainly in risk assessment, monitoring and environmental protection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonomir Córdoba-Tovar
- Universidad Tecnólogica del Chocó, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Grupo de Investigación Recursos Naturales y Toxicología Ambiental, Quibdó, Chocó, A.A 292, Colombia; Universidad de Córdoba, Cra 6 # 76 - 103, Montería, 230002, Córdoba, Colombia
| | | | - Pablo Ramos Barón
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Li M, Slaveykova VI. Dual role of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the accumulation of inorganic and methyl mercury by crustacean Daphnia magna through waterborne and dietary exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118619. [PMID: 34915094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used in numerous products, yet their role in the accumulation and transfer of other contaminants in the aquatic food webs is not well understood. The influence of nTiO2 on inorganic (IHg) and monomethyl mercury (MeHg) accumulation in invertebrate Daphnia magna through waterborne and dietary exposure was thus thoroughly investigated. The results showed that nTiO2 led to a substantial decrease of the total mercury body burden (THg) in D. magna in direct waterborne exposure to IHg/MeHg. However, exposure to nTiO2 pre-treated with IHg/MeHg resulted in an increase of the THg body burden in daphnids. The presence of nTiO2 led to a substantial decrease of the THg in D. magna when exposed to IHg/MeHg via algal food. These effects were more pronounced for IHg than that for MeHg due to the higher adsorption capabilities of nTiO2 for IHg. In addition, high concentrations of nTiO2 favored the trophic transfer of IHg/MeHg through feeding on nTiO2 pre-treated with Hg, however lessened it when D. magna were fed on alga pre-treated with IHg/MeHg. Comparable assimilation efficiency (AE), determined as Hg retained in daphnids after depuration, was observed in D. magna when exposed to IHg/MeHg via algal food regardless the absence or presence of 20 mgL-1 nTiO2. By contrast, an increase of the AE of MeHg through feeding on nTiO2 and alga was found in the presence of higher concentration of 200 mgL-1 nTiO2. The present results will help to better understand the role of nTiO2 on bioavailability and trophic transfer of global contaminants, such as mercury, known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, 66, boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, 66, boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
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21
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Kehrig HA, Hauser-Davis RA, Muelbert MMC, Almeida MG, Di Beneditto APM, Rezende CE. Mercury and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the natal Fur of two Antarctic pinniped species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132500. [PMID: 34656627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Southern elephant seal (SES) and Antarctic fur seal (AFS) are short Southern Ocean food web top predators and are spatial and temporal trend bioindicators of Antarctic Hg bioavailability. Hg, stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N) and trophic position (TP) regarding sex were determined using lanugo samples from Antarctic pinnipeds pups (SES n = 35 and AFS n = 11). Hg concentrations in over 50% of the SES pups (mean 5.9 ± 3.1 mg kg-1 dry wt.) are compatible with those found to cause neurologic damage to polar bears in the Arctic. No significant differences regarding sexes for SES or AFS are found based on mean Hg concentrations normalized by body weight. δ15N values and TPs are similar among both species, indicating that gestating SES and AFS mothers feed at the same trophic level. Significantly different δ13C values were found, indicating distinct feeding grounds for mothers belonging to both species when pup lanugo is formed in utero; while SES females like to feed in Antarctic waters, AFS females remain in sub-Antarctic waters. The differences in Hg and δ13C observed for both species reflect not only contrasting feeding habits and anthropogenic Hg inputs, but also maternal foraging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A Kehrig
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Monica M C Muelbert
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, São Paulo, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Di Beneditto
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Rezende
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Garcia-Cegarra AM, Jung JL, Orrego R, Padilha JDA, Malm O, Ferreira-Braz B, Santelli RE, Pozo K, Pribylova P, Alvarado-Rybak M, Azat C, Kidd KA, Espejo W, Chiang G, Bahamonde P. Persistence, bioaccumulation and vertical transfer of pollutants in long-finned pilot whales stranded in Chilean Patagonia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145259. [PMID: 33517007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-finned pilot whales (LFPW) are cetaceans with strong social groups often involved in mass strandings worldwide. However, these beachings occur for reasons that are not fully understood. In 2016, 124 LFPW were stranded on the Chilean Patagonian islands, offering a unique opportunity to obtain crucial information on the ecology, biology, and genetics of this population. In addition, we examined whether persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace elements (TEs) were responsible for this mass mortality. Stable isotopes (δ13C & δ15N) and genetic analyses were used to reconstruct the trophic ecology, social structure, and kinship of LFPW and compared to POPs and TEs levels found in LFPW. Mitochondrial DNA analyses on 71 individuals identified four maternal lineages within the stranded LFPW. Of these animals, 32 individuals were analyzed for a suite of POPs, TEs, and lipid content in blubber. The highest levels were found for ΣDDXs (6 isomers) (542.46 ± 433.46 ng/g, lw) and for total Hg (2.79 ± 1.91 mg/kg, dw). However, concentrations found in these LFPW were lower than toxicity thresholds and those reported for LFPW stranded in other regions. Evidence was found of ΣDDX, Σ7PCBs, and Cd bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of POPs in mother/offspring groups. Nevertheless, no clear relationship between contaminant concentrations and LFPW mortality was established. Further research is still needed to assess LFPW populations including conservations status and exposure to chemicals in remote areas such as Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Garcia-Cegarra
- Centro de Investigación de Fauna Marina y Avistamiento de Cetáceos (CIFAMAC), Mejillones, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Jean-Luc Jung
- Université de Brest, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, ISYEB, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Rodrigo Orrego
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory (AQUATOX), University of Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Janeide de A Padilha
- Radiositopes Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radiositopes Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira-Braz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Santelli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Pozo
- Recetox (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Faculty of Engineering and Technology, San Sebastián University, Concepción, Chile
| | - Petra Pribylova
- Recetox (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Alvarado-Rybak
- Sustainability Research Center & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Life Science Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Azat
- Sustainability Research Center & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Life Science Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology & School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Winfred Espejo
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Sustainability Research Center & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Life Science Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; MaREA, Laboratorio de Ecologia y Salud Acuática, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Bahamonde
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Centro de Estudios Avanzados - HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile..
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23
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Zafalon RVA, Perini MP, Vendramini THA, Pedrinelli V, Rentas MF, Morilha IB, Fiuza Henríquez LB, Conti RMC, Brunetto MA. Vitamin-mineral supplements do not guarantee the minimum recommendations and may imply risks of mercury poisoning in dogs and cats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250738. [PMID: 33901261 PMCID: PMC8075222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of using the vitamin-mineral supplements to guarantee the minimum nutritional recommendations for pets in homemade foods, and hypothesizing that these products may contribute to toxic metals contamination, the present study aimed to determine the concentrations of essential minerals and toxic metals in vitamin-mineral supplements available in the Brazilian market and calculate if the amount recommended by the manufacturer guarantees the minimum recommendations of NRC (2006) and FEDIAF (2020), as well as calculating the amount of toxic metals that animals would consume, according to the amounts recommended by the manufacturer. Seven vitamin-mineral supplements were analyzed. The determination of essential minerals and toxic metals was performed using ICP-OES. Comparisons were made with the minimum recommendations for essential minerals, and with the maximum tolerated levels of toxic metals established by the FDA (2011), descriptively. Most of the vitamin-mineral supplements, in the quantities recommended by the manufacturers, do not guarantee the minimum recommendations of NCR (2006) and FEDIAF (2020) for the following elements: calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc. Only one supplement had detectable selenium concentrations. Three supplements provided more than 0.02mg of mercury/kg of body weight, the safe upper limit used to establish the maximum tolerated level of this element. It is concluded that most vitamin-mineral supplements do not meet the minimum recommendations for most essential minerals and, if formulated by untrained professionals, even with supplementation, homemade foods may still be nutritionally deficient. Furthermore, some vitamin-mineral supplements analyzed may imply risks of mercury poisoning in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pamplona Perini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service (VNS), Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Isabela Benelli Morilha
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Consentino Conti
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service (VNS), Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Fernandes A, Falandysz J, Širič I. The toxic reach of mercury and its compounds in human and animal food webs. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127765. [PMID: 32721684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ivan Širič
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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