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Samanth A, Selvaraj R, Murugesan G, Varadavenkatesan T, Vinayagam R. Efficient adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using biomass derived magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite in synthetic and simulated agricultural runoff water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142513. [PMID: 38830462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on evaluating the efficacy of a magnetic activated carbon material (CPAC@Fe3O4) derived from pods of copper pod tree in adsorbing the toxic herbicide, 2,4- (2,4-D) from aqueous solutions. The synthesized CPAC@Fe3O4 adsorbent, underwent various characterization techniques. FESEM images indicated a rough surface, incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles, while EDS analysis confirmed the presence of elements like Fe, O, and C. Notably, the CPAC@Fe3O4 exhibited high surface area (749.10 m2/g) and pore volume (0.5351 cm³/g), confirming its mesoporous nature. XRD investigations identified distinct signals associated with graphitic carbon and magnetite nanoparticles, while VSM analysis verified its magnetic properties with a high magnetic saturation value (2.72 emu/g). The adsorption process was exothermic, with a decrease in adsorption capacity at higher temperatures. Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit for the adsorption, and the pseudo-second-order equation effectively described the kinetics. Remarkably, the maximum adsorption capacity ranged from 246.43 to 261.03 mg/g, surpassing previously reported values. The ΔH° value (-8.67 kJ/mol) suggested a physisorption mechanism, and the negative ΔG° values established the spontaneous nature. Furthermore, the synthesized adsorbent demonstrated exceptional reusability, allowing for up to five cycles of adsorption-desorption operations. When applied to simulated agricultural runoff, CPAC@Fe3O4 showcased a significant adsorption capacity of 160.71 mg/g for 50 mg/L 2,4-D, using a 0.2 g/L dosage at pH 2. This study showcased the transformation of copper pod biomass into a valuable magnetic nanoadsorbent capable of efficiently eliminating the noxious 2,4-D pollutant from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Samanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Gokulakrishnan Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Samanth A, Vinayagam R, Varadavenkatesan T, Selvaraj R. Fixed bed column adsorption systems to remove 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide from aqueous solutions using magnetic activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119696. [PMID: 39068970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a weedkiller has resulted in its persistence in the environment, leading to surface and groundwater pollution. In this study, the fixed bed column experiments were performed to remove 2,4-D from aqueous solutions using magnetic activated carbon derived from Peltophorum pterocarpum tree pods. The evaluation was done on effects of operating parameters such as bed depth (2-4 cm), influent flow rate (4.6-11.4 mL/min), and 2,4-D concentration (25-100 mg/L) on the breakthrough curves. The data fit well with the Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models, exhibiting high R2 values. Results indicated that lower flow rates, lower 2,4-D concentrations, and greater bed depths enhanced adsorption capacity, achieving up to 196.31 mg/g. Reusability studies demonstrated the material's potential for repeated use, while toxicity studies with Vigna radiata seeds confirmed the effectiveness of Fe3O4-CPAC in removing 2,4-D. This investigation highlights the promising application of Fe3O4-CPAC in fixed bed adsorption systems for efficient 2,4-D removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Samanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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3
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Taha M, Kamal W, Essam D, Kotp AA, Salah AM, El-Fatah GA, GadelHak Y, Shehata N, Zaher A, Zayed AM, Mahmoud R. Co/Ni/Cu-NH 2BDC MOF@natural Egyptian zeolite ore nanocomposite for calcium ion removal in water softening applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34069-0. [PMID: 38980482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Water softening is a treatment process required to remove calcium (Ca(II)) and magnesium (Mg(II)) cations from water streams. Nanocomposites can provide solutions for such multiple challenges and have high performance and low application costs. In this work, a multimetallic cobalt, nickel, and copper 2-aminoterephthalic acid metal-organic framework ((Co/Ni/Cu-NH2BDC) MOF) was synthesized by a simple solvothermal technique. This MOF was supported on an Egyptian natural zeolite ore and was used for the adsorption of Ca(II) ions for water-softening applications. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and zeta potential measurements. The adsorption isotherm data for the prepared adsorbent toward Ca(II) were best fit using the Redlich-Peterson model and showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 88.1 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics revealed an equilibrium time of 10 min, which was best fit using the Avrami model. The intermolecular interactions of Ca(II) ions with zeolite and MOF were investigated by Monte Carlo simulations, molecular dynamics simulations, and FTIR and XRD analyses. The adsorption sites in the zeolite structure were oxygen atoms, while those in the MOF structure were amine nitrogen atoms. The Ca(II) ions are coordinated with the solvent molecules in both structures. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity of this nanocomposite was assessed, revealing viability levels of 74.57 ± 2.1% and 21 ± 2.79% for Vero and African green monkey kidney and human liver (HepG2) cells, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays help assess the environmental impact of these materials, ensuring that they do not harm aquatic organisms or disrupt ecosystems. Thus, this study demonstrated the valorization of MOF/zeolite as a valuable and industry-ready adsorbent that can appropriate Ca(II) contaminants from aqueous streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taha
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - W Kamal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Doaa Essam
- Nanomaterials Science Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amna A Kotp
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Salah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Gehad Abd El-Fatah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Yasser GadelHak
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Renewable Energy Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Amal Zaher
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Zayed
- Applied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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da Silva Bruckmann F, Fuhr ACFP, Pinheiro RF, Knani S, Alruwaili A, Pinto D, Silva LFO, Dotto GL. Statistical physical modeling insights for urinary analgesic drug adsorption on carbon nanomaterial derivative. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44374-44384. [PMID: 38949732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The presence of phenazopyridine in water is an environmental problem that can cause damage to human health and the environment. However, few studies have reported the adsorption of this emerging contaminant from aqueous matrices. Furthermore, existing research explored only conventional modeling to describe the adsorption phenomenon without understanding the behavior at the molecular level. Herein, the statistical physical modeling of phenazopyridine adsorption into graphene oxide is reported. Steric, energetic, and thermodynamic interpretations were used to describe the phenomenon that controls drug adsorption. The equilibrium data were fitted by mono, double, and multi-layer models, considering factors such as the numbers of phenazopyridine molecules by adsorption sites, density of receptor sites, and half saturation concentration. Furthermore, the statistical physical approach also calculated the thermodynamic parameters (free enthalpy, internal energy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy). The maximum adsorption capacity at the equilibrium was reached at 298 K (510.94 mg g-1). The results showed the physical meaning of adsorption, indicating that the adsorption occurs in multiple layers. The temperature affected the density of receptor sites and half saturation concentration. At the same time, the adsorbed species assumes different positions on the adsorbent surface as a function of the increase in the temperature. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic functions revealed increased entropy with the temperature and the equilibrium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele da Silva Bruckmann
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Forgearini Pinheiro
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Salah Knani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alruwaili
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana Pinto
- Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | | | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Selvaraj R, Jogi S, Murugesan G, Srinivasan NR, Goveas LC, Varadavenkatesan T, Samanth A, Vinayagam R, Ali Alshehri M, Pugazhendhi A. Machine learning and statistical physics modeling of tetracycline adsorption using activated carbon derived from Cynometra ramiflora fruit biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118816. [PMID: 38570126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation reports the usage of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN), the two recognized machine learning techniques in modelling tetracycline (TC) adsorption onto Cynometra ramiflora fruit biomass derived activated carbon (AC). Many characterization methods utilized, confirmed the porous structure of synthesized AC. ANN and ANFIS models utilized pH, dose, initial TC concentration, mixing speed, time duration, and temperature as input parameters, whereas TC removal percentage was designated as the output parameter. The optimized configuration for the ANN model was determined as 6-8-1, while the ANFIS model employed trimf input and linear output membership functions. The obtained results showed a strong correlation, indicated by high R2 values (ANNR2: 0.9939 & ANFISR2: 0.9906) and low RMSE values (ANNRMSE: 0.0393 & ANFISRMSE: 0.0503). Apart from traditional isotherms, the dataset was fitted to statistical physics models wherein, the double-layer with a single energy satisfactorily explained the physisorption mechanism of TC adsorption. The sorption energy was 21.06 kJ/mol, and the number of TC moieties bound per site (n) was found to be 0.42, conclusive of parallel binding of TC molecules to the adsorbent surface. The adsorption capacity at saturation (Qsat) was estimated to be 466.86 mg/g - appreciably more than previously reported values. These findings collectively demonstrate that the AC derived from C. ramiflora fruit holds great potential for efficient removal of TC from a given system, and machine learning approaches can effectively model the adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sanjana Jogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gokulakrishnan Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - N R Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Sankari, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 637 304, India
| | - Louella Concepta Goveas
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Adithya Samanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Bhushan B, Kotnala S, Nayak A. Biogenic magnetic nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite and dextran: synthesis, characterization, and enhanced removal of 2,4-D from aqueous environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39331-39349. [PMID: 38816631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a biogenic magnetic nanocomposite, HAP@DEX@MNP, using hydroxyapatite from eggshell waste and dextran was developed to efficiently remove 2,4-D from aqueous solutions. The magnetic nano biocomposite underwent rigorous characterization using a comprehensive suite of analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, and VSM. FTIR analysis was used to validate the existence of pivotal functional groups, such as phosphate, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and iron oxide. XRD analysis verified both the crystalline nature of hydroxyapatite and the successful integration of dextran and hematite within the composite structure. FESEM and EDX examinations provided valuable insights into the surface morphology and elemental composition. TEM observations elucidated the existence of nano-sized particles underscoring the unique structural characteristics of the nanocomposite. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under optimized conditions, highlighting the critical role of pH 2 for efficient 2,4-D removal. The mechanisms driving the binding of 2,4-D to HAP@DEX@MNP were found to encompass diverse interactions, encompassing electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and van der Waals forces. Adsorption isotherm studies revealed both monolayer and multilayer adsorption, with the Langmuir and Freundlich models fitting well, indicating a maximal adsorption capacity of 217.39 µg/g at 25 °C. Kinetic investigations supported the pseudo-second-order model for efficient adsorption dynamics, and thermodynamic analysis emphasized the versatility of HAP@DEX@MNP across different temperatures. Importantly, the study highlighted the remarkable regenerative capacity of the nanocomposite using a 0.1 M NaOH solution, positioning it as an environmentally friendly option for water treatment. In conclusion, HAP@DEX@MNP holds significant potential for diverse applications in addressing global water treatment and environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, 248002, Dehradun, India.
| | - Shreya Kotnala
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, 248002, Dehradun, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, India
| | - Arunima Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, 248002, Dehradun, India
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Hasan IMA, Assaf FH, Tawfik AR. Sustainable synthesis of magnetic Sargassum siliquastrum activated carbon loaded with NiS nanorods for adsorption of 2,4-D herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13246-13269. [PMID: 38244163 PMCID: PMC10881655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The upgrade of sustainable resource waste into a valuable and beneficial material is an urgent task. The current paper outlines the development of an economical, sustainable, and prolonged adsorbent derived from Sargassum siliquastrum biomass and its use for potent 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal. A simple carbonization approach was applied to obtain the highly functionalized carbon structure, which was subsequently transformed into a novel magnetic nanoadsorbent. The magnetic nanoadsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)-specific surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The characterization results confirm the successful formation of a high specific surface area and a uniform distribution of Fe3O4/NiS NPs grafted activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics was more accurately described via the pseudo-second order model; nevertheless, the isothermal data showed that the Langmuir model was most suitable. The monolayer adsorption capacity for 2,4-D was 208.26 ± 15.75 mg/g at 328 K. The favourability and spontaneity of the adsorption process were demonstrated by thermodynamic studies. The adsorbent displayed exceptional selectivity for 2,4-D and high stability in multi-cycle use. Electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding were all believed to have an impact on the sorbent's robust 2,4-D adsorption. Analyses of real tap and Nile River water samples showed little effect of the sample matrix on 2,4-D adsorption. This study presents an innovative approach for developing highly efficient adsorbent from natural biomass and offers an affordable way to recycle algal waste into beneficial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahem M A Hasan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Fawzy H Assaf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Tawfik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Tkachenko O, Nikolaichuk A, Fihurka N, Backhaus A, Zimmerman JB, Strømme M, Budnyak TM. Kraft Lignin-Derived Microporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Adsorbent for Air and Water Purification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3427-3441. [PMID: 38194630 PMCID: PMC10811628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The study presents a streamlined one-step process for producing highly porous, metal-free, N-doped activated carbon (N-AC) for CO2 capture and herbicide removal from simulated industrially polluted and real environmental systems. N-AC was prepared from kraft lignin─a carbon-rich and abundant byproduct of the pulp industry, using nitric acid as the activator and urea as the N-dopant. The reported carbonization process under a nitrogen atmosphere renders a product with a high yield of 30% even at high temperatures up to 800 °C. N-AC exhibited a substantial high N content (4-5%), the presence of aliphatic and phenolic OH groups, and a notable absence of carboxylic groups, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Boehm's titration. Porosity analysis indicated that micropores constituted the majority of the pore structure, with 86% of pores having diameters less than 0.6 nm. According to BET adsorption analysis, the developed porous structure of N-AC boasted a substantial specific surface area of 1000 m2 g-1. N-AC proved to be a promising adsorbent for air and water purification. Specifically, N-AC exhibited a strong affinity for CO2, with an adsorption capacity of 1.4 mmol g-1 at 0.15 bar and 20 °C, and it demonstrated the highest selectivity over N2 from the simulated flue gas system (27.3 mmol g-1 for 15:85 v/v CO2/N2 at 20 °C) among all previously reported nitrogen-doped AC materials from kraft lignin. Moreover, N-AC displayed excellent reusability and efficient CO2 release, maintaining an adsorption capacity of 3.1 mmol g-1 (at 1 bar and 25 °C) over 10 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, confirming N-AC as a useful material for CO2 storage and utilization. The unique cationic nature of N-AC enhanced the adsorption of herbicides in neutral and weakly basic environments, which is relevant for real waters. It exhibited an impressive adsorption capacity for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 96 ± 6 mg g-1 under pH 6 and 25 °C according to the Langmuir-Freundlich model. Notably, N-AC preserves its high adsorption capacity toward 2,4-D from simulated groundwater and runoff from tomato greenhouse, while performance in real samples from Fyris river in Uppsala, Sweden, causes a decrease of only 4-5%. Owing to the one-step process, high yield, annual abundance of kraft lignin, and use of environmentally friendly activating agents, N-AC has substantial potential for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Tkachenko
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Alina Nikolaichuk
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Nataliia Fihurka
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Andreas Backhaus
- Center
for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Julie B. Zimmerman
- Center
for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Tetyana M. Budnyak
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
- Center
for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 256, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
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9
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Aloud SS, Alharbi HA, Hameed BH, Giesy JP, Almady SS, Alotaibi KD. Production of activated carbon from date palm stones by hydrothermal carbonization and microwave assisted KOH/NaOH mixture activation for dye adsorption. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19064. [PMID: 37925477 PMCID: PMC10625556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm stones are regarded as possible alternatives to activated carbon (AC) precursors with high potential for various environmental applications. In this research study, date palm stones derived activated carbon (DPSAC) was used as adsorbent for removing toxic remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR). The synthesis of DPSAC involved a chemical treatment using KOH and NaOH (1:1). Characterization of DPSAC revealed that it exhibited a BET surface area of 715.30 m2/g, Langmuir surface area of 1061.93 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.39 cm3/g, and average pore diameter of 2.15 nm. Adsorption uptake of RBBR increased (from 24.54 to 248.54 mg/g), whereas the removal percentage decreased (from 98.16 to 82.85%) when the initial RBBR concentration increased (from 25 to 300 mg/L). The adsorption process performed best under acidic conditions (pH 3), with an RBBR uptake of 98.33 mg/g. Because of the high R2 values (0.9906 and 0.9779) and low average errors (6.24 and 13.95%), this adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order (PFO) models, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Qm) was 319.63 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters were - 11.34 kJ/mol for ∆H° (exothermic in nature), 0.05 kJ/mol K for ∆S° (increasing randomness level at solid-liquid interface), - 27.37 kJ/mol for ∆G° (spontaneous), and 6.84 kJ/mol for Ea (controlled by physisorption).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud S Aloud
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan A Alharbi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassim H Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Saad S Almady
- Agricultural Engineering Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled D Alotaibi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Samanth A, Vinayagam R, Murugesan G, Varadavenkatesan T, Selvaraj R, Pugazhendhi A. Enhanced adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using low-temperature carbonized Peltophorum pterocarpum pods and its statistical physics modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139143. [PMID: 37285973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The usage of various herbicides in the agricultural field leads to water pollution which is a big threat to the environment. Herein, the pods of the Peltophorum pterocarpum tree were used as a cheap resource to synthesize activated carbon (AC) by low-temperature carbonization to remove 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) - an abundantly used herbicide. The exceptional surface area (1078.34 m2/g), mesoporous structure, and the various functional groups of the prepared AC adsorbed 2,4-D effectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was 255.12 mg/g, significantly higher than the existing AC adsorbents. The adsorption data satisfactorily modelled using Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. Also, the adsorption mechanism was studied using a statistical physics model which substantiated the multi-molecular interaction of 2,4-D with the AC. The adsorption energy (<20 kJ/mol) and thermodynamic studies (ΔH°: -19.50 kJ/mol) revealed the physisorption and exothermicity. The practical application of the AC was successfully tested in various waterbodies by spiking experiments. Hence, this work confirms that the AC prepared from the pods of P. pterocarpum can be applied as a potential adsorbent to remove herbicides from polluted waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Samanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gokulakrishnan Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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11
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Vinayagam R, Ganga S, Murugesan G, Rangasamy G, Bhole R, Goveas LC, Varadavenkatesan T, Dave N, Samanth A, Radhika Devi V, Selvaraj R. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorptive removal by algal magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136883. [PMID: 36257398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, ferric oxide nanoparticles impregnated with activated carbon from Ulva prolifera biomass (UPAC-Fe2O3) were prepared and employed to remove 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by adsorption. The UPAC-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was characterized for its structural and functional properties by a variety of techniques. The nanocomposite had a jagged, irregular surface with pores due to uneven scattering of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, whereas elemental analysis portrayed the incidence of carbon, oxygen, and iron. XRD analysis established the crystalline and amorphous planes corresponding to the iron oxide and carbon phase respectively. FT-IR analyzed the functional groups that confirmed the integration of Fe2O3 nanoparticles onto nanocomposite surfaces. VSM and XPS studies uncovered the superparamagnetic nature and presence of carbon and Fe2O3, respectively, in the UPAC-Fe2O3 nanocomposite. While the surface area was 292.51 m2/g, the size and volume of the pores were at 2.61 nm and 0.1906 cm3/g, respectively, indicating the mesoporous nature and suitability of the nanocomposites that could be used as adsorbents. Adsorptive removal of 2,4-D by nanocomposite for variations in process parameters like pH, dosage, agitation speed, adsorption time, and 2,4-D concentration was studied. The adsorption of 2,4-D by UPAC-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was monolayer chemisorption owing to Langmuir isotherm behavior along with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity and second order rate constant values were 60.61 mg/g and 0.0405 g/mg min respectively. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the spontaneous and feasible endothermic adsorption process. These findings confirm the suitability of the synthesized UPAC-Fe2O3 nanocomposite to be used as an adsorbent for toxic herbicide waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Saivedh Ganga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gokulakrishnan Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ruchi Bhole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Louella Concepta Goveas
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Niyam Dave
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Adithya Samanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - V Radhika Devi
- Department of Science and Humanities, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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12
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Rambabu K, Bharath G, Avornyo A, Thanigaivelan A, Hai A, Banat F. Valorization of date palm leaves for adsorptive remediation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide polluted agricultural runoff. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120612. [PMID: 36368550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alarming rates of water contamination by toxic herbicides have prompted the need and attention for easy, efficient, and affordable treatment options with a touch of circular economy aspects. This study valorized date palm leaf (DPL) wastes into a valuable adsorbent for remediating agricultural wastewater polluted with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DPA) herbicide. The DPL precursor was modified with H2SO4 treatment and both biomass samples were characterized by various analytical techniques. Acid treatment modified the morphology, thermal, and textural properties of the final product (TDPL) while maintaining the structure and surface chemistry intact. Simulated wastewaters containing 2,4-DPA were subsequently treated using TDPL as an adsorbent. Optimum adsorption conditions of pH 2, dosage 0.95 g/L, shaking speed 200 rpm, time 120 min, and temperature 30 °C showed a good herbicide removal efficiency in the range of 55.1-72.6% for different initial feed concentrations (50-250 mg/L). Experimental kinetic data were better represented by the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm was reliable in describing the equilibrium behavior of the adsorption system. Further, the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption occurred spontaneously, favorably, and exothermically. Plausible sorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions, weak van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and π-π interactions between the participating phases. Conspicuously, TDPL application to real-world situations of treating actual herbicide-polluted agricultural runoff resulted in a 69.4% remediation efficiency. Thus, the study demonstrated the valorization of date palm leaves into a valuable and industry-ready adsorbent that can sequester toxic 2,4-DPA herbicide contaminant from aqueous streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - G Bharath
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amos Avornyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Thanigaivelan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Hai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Salawu OA, Han Z, Adeleye AS. Shrimp waste-derived porous carbon adsorbent: Performance, mechanism, and application of machine learning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129266. [PMID: 35749892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture generates significant amount of processing wastes (more than 500 million pounds annually in the United States), the bulk of which ends up in the environment or is used in animal feed. Proper utilization of shrimp waste can increase their economic value and divert them from landfills. In this study, shrimp waste was converted to a porous carbon (named SPC) via direct pyrolysis and activation. SPC was characterized, and its performance for adsorbing ciprofloxacin from simulated water, natural waters, and wastewater was benchmarked against a commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC). The surface area of SPC (2262 m2/g) exceeded that of PAC (984 m2/g) due to abundance of micropores and mesopores. The adsorption of ciprofloxacin by SPC was thermodynamically spontaneous (ΔG = -19 kJ/mol) and fast (k1 = 1.05/min) at 25 °C. The capacity of SPC for ciprofloxacin (442 mg/g) was higher than that of PAC (181 mg/g). SPC also efficiently and simultaneously removed low concentrations (200 µg/L) of ciprofloxacin, long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and Cu ions from water. An artificial neural network function was derived to predict ciprofloxacin adsorption and identify the relative contribution of each input parameter. This study demonstrates a sustainable and commercially viable pathway to reuse shrimp processing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omobayo A Salawu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Ziwei Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
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14
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Vinayagam R, Sharma G, Murugesan G, Pai S, Gupta D, Narasimhan MK, Kaviyarasu K, Varadavenkatesan T, Selvaraj R. Rapid photocatalytic degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid by ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using the leaf extract of Muntingia calabura. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Wang X, Li X, Wang X, Zhao M, Chen W, Wu H, Jia J. Immobilization of bismuth oxychloride on cellulose nanocrystal for sunlight-driven superior photosensitized degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:398-408. [PMID: 35245571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis is considered to be an important green technology for sewage treatment. However, most of the pollutant degradation studies used simulated sunlight in a laboratory, which has great energy cost with limited applications in industry. Herein, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with rich hydroxyl groups and high specific surface area are used as the matrix to construct composites with BiOCl, which improves the dispersibility with an increased number of oxygen vacancies on BiOCl. The obtained composite photocatalyst, i.e., BiOCl/CNC, showed an excellent performance with good recyclability. Within 30 min, 99% of RhB (20 mg/L) was degraded under simulated visible light and 94% under natural sunlight. The reaction system maintains excellent catalytic performance after being scaled up by 10×. Compared with reported BiOCl-based composites in literature, BiOCl/CNC had excellent photocatalytic activity for the RhB degradation with good recyclability. Subsequently, by identifying the active species, a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for RhB degradation. This work developed an economical and effective visible light sensitive photocatalyst for the treatment of organic dyes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, PR China
| | - Xueting Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Haishun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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16
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A review on the physicochemical properties and utilization of date seeds in value-added engineering products. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Williams NE, Oba OA, Aydinlik NP. Modification, Production, and Methods of KOH‐Activated Carbon. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ndifreke Etuk Williams
- Cyprus International University Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Science Mersin 10 99010 Lefkosa Turkey
| | - Oluwasuyi Ayobami Oba
- Cyprus International University Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Science Mersin 10 99010 Lefkosa Turkey
| | - Nur Pasaoglulari Aydinlik
- Cyprus International University Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Science Mersin 10 99010 Lefkosa Turkey
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18
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Khan NA, Bokhari A, Mubashir M, Klemeš JJ, El Morabet R, Khan RA, Alsubih M, Azam M, Saqib S, Mukhtar A, Koyande A, Show PL. Treatment of Hospital wastewater with submerged aerobic fixed film reactor coupled with tube-settler. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131838. [PMID: 34399260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Hospital wastewater was treated using a submerged aerobic fixed film (SAFF) reactor coupled with tubesettler in series. SAFF consisted of a column with an up-flow biofilter. The biological oxygen demand (BOD)5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were the chosen pollutants for evaluation. The pollutants removal efficiency was determined at varying organic loading rates and hydraulic retention time. The organic loading rate was varied between 0.25 and 1.25 kg COD m-3 d-1. The removal efficiency of SAFF and tubesettler combined was 75 % COD, 67 % BOD and 67 % phosphate, respectively. However, nitrate saw an increase in concentration by 25 %. SAFF contribution in the removal of COD, BOD5 and Phosphate was 48 %, 46 % and 29 %, respectively. While for accumulation of nitrate, it was responsible for 56%, respectively. Tubesettler performed better than SAFF with 52 %, 54 % and 69 % reduction of COD, BOD5 and phosphate, respectively. But in terms of nitrate, tubesettler was responsible for 44 % accumulation. The nutrient reduction decreased with an increase in the organic loading rate. Nitrification was observed in the SAFF and tubesettler, which indicated a well-aerated system. An anaerobic unit is required for completing the denitrification process and removing nitrogen from the effluent. The better performance of tubesettler over SAFF calls for necessitates extended retention time over design criteria. Further studies are beneficial to investigate the impact of pharmaceutical compounds on the efficiency of SAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rachida El Morabet
- Department of Geography, LADES, FLSH-M, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco
| | - Roohul Abad Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Azam
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9/166, Wien, 1060, Austria
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Apurav Koyande
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Fan W, Fu X, Li Z, Ou J, Yang Z, Xiang M, Qin Z. Porous Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Functionalized Activated Nanocarbon Composites with Improved Biocompatibility. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206065. [PMID: 34683670 PMCID: PMC8541245 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) materials have been prevalent joint replacement materials for more than 45 years because of their excellent biocompatibility and wear resistance. In this study, functionalized activated nanocarbon (FANC) was prepared by grafting maleic anhydride polyethylene onto acid-treated activated nanocarbon. A novel porous UHMWPE composite was prepared by incorporating the appropriate amount of FANC and pore-forming agents during the hot-pressing process for medical UHMWPE powder. The experimental results showed that the best prepared porous UHMWPE/FANC exhibited appropriate tensile strength, porosity, and excellent hydrophilicity, with a contact angle of 65.9°. In vitro experiments showed that the porous UHMWPE/FANC had excellent biocompatibility, which is due to its porous structure and hydrophilicity caused by FANC. This study demonstrates the potential viability for our porous UHMWPE/FANC to be used as cartilage replacement material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxi Fan
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China; (W.F.); (J.O.); (Z.Y.); (M.X.)
| | - Xiuqin Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Bioengineering Institute, Wuhan 430415, China;
| | - Zefang Li
- School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China;
| | - Junfei Ou
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China; (W.F.); (J.O.); (Z.Y.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China; (W.F.); (J.O.); (Z.Y.); (M.X.)
| | - Meng Xiang
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China; (W.F.); (J.O.); (Z.Y.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhongli Qin
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18062796898
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20
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Batch and column studies for adsorption of naphthalene from its aqueous solution using nanochitosan/sodium alginate composite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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