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Li M, Gong X, Tan Q, Xie Y, Tong Y, Ma J, Wang D, Ai L, Gong Z. A review of occurrence, bioaccumulation, and fate of novel brominated flame retardants in aquatic environments: A comparison with legacy brominated flame retardants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173224. [PMID: 38763187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been developed as replacements for legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). The prevalence of NBFRs in aquatic environments has initiated intense concerns that they resemble to BFRs. To comprehensively elucidate the fate of NBFRs in aquatic environments, this review summarizes the physico-chemical properties, distribution, bioaccumulation, and fates in aquatic environments. 1,2-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl) ethane (DBDPE) as the major substitute for PBDEs is the primary NBFR. The release from industrial point sources such as e-waste recycling stations is the dominant way for NBFRs to enter the environment, which results in significant differences in the regional distribution of NBFRs. Sediment is the major sink of NBFRs attributed to the high hydrophobicity. Significantly, there is no decreasing trend of NBFRs concentrations, while PBDEs achieved the peak value in 1970-2000 and decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation of NBFRs is reported in both field studies and laboratory studies, which is regulated by the active area, lipid contents, trophic level of aquatic organisms, and the log KOW of NBFRs. The biotransformation of NBFRs showed similar metabolism patterns to that of BFRs, including debromination, hydroxylation, methoxylation, hydrolysis, and glycosylation. In addition, NBFRs show great potential in trophic magnification along the aquatic food chain, which could pose a higher risk to high trophic-level species. The passive uptake by roots dominates the plant uptake of NBFRs, followed by acropetal and basipetal bidirectional transportation between roots and leaves in plants. This review will provide the support to understand the current pollution characteristics of NBFRs and highlight perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xinying Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Sichuan Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu 610074, China
| | - Yuanjun Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Lian Ai
- Sichuan Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu 610074, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Lao ZL, Wu D, Li HR, Feng YF, Zhang LW, Jiang XY, Liu YS, Wu DW, Hu JJ. Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in plants and health perspective for human: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118431. [PMID: 38346481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant uptake, accumulation, and transformation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) play vital roles in their geochemical cycles and exposure risks. Here we reviewed the recent research advances in OPEs in plants. The mean OPE concentrations based on dry/wet/lipid weight varied in 4.80-3,620/0.287-26.8/12,000-315,000 ng g-1 in field plants, and generally showed positive correlations with those in plant habitats. OPEs with short-chain substituents and high hydrophilicity, particularly the commonly used chlorinated OPEs, showed dominance in most plant samples, whereas some tree barks, fruits, seeds, and roots demonstrated dominance of hydrophobic OPEs. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic OPEs can enter plants via root and foliar uptake, and the former pathway is mainly passively mediated by various membrane proteins. After entry, different OPEs undergo diverse subcellular distributions and acropetal/basipetal/intergenerational translocations, depending on their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic OPEs mainly exist in cell sap and show strong transferability, hydrophobic OPEs demonstrate dominant distributions in cell wall and limited migrations owing to the interception of Casparian strips and cell wall. Additionally, plant species, transpiration capacity, growth stages, commensal microorganisms, and habitats also affect OPE uptake and transfer in plants. OPE metabolites derived from various Phase I transformations and Phase II conjugations are increasingly identified in plants, and hydrolysis and hydroxylation are the most common metabolic processes. The metabolisms and products of OPEs are closely associated with their structures and degradation resistance and plant species. In contrast, plant-derived food consumption contributes considerably to the total dietary intakes of OPEs by human, particularly the cereals, and merits specifical attention. Based on the current research limitations, we proposed the research perspectives regarding OPEs in plants, with the emphases on their behavior and fate in field plants, interactions with plant-related microorganisms, multiple uptake pathways and mechanisms, and comprehensive screening analysis and risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lang Lao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Fei Feng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Long-Wei Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Yi Jiang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi-Shan Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Wei Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Beggio G, Bonato T, Marangoni S, Bravin MN, Fantinato E, Nigris S, Pivato A, Piazza R. Uptake and translocation of brominated flame retardants in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Results from a standard soil-based biotest. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141594. [PMID: 38432467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The uptake and translocation of four polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and four novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated via the RHIZOtest, a standard soil-based biotest, optimized for organic compounds. Tomato plants were exposed to soil samples spiked with 0 (i.e. control), 5.00 or 50.00 ng g-1dw of each compound. Compared of those of the control, exposure to increasing spiking concentrations resulted in average reductions of 13% and 26% (w/w) in tomato plant biomass. Higher concentrations of NBFRs were analyzed both in roots, ranging from 0.23 to 8.01 ng g-1dw for PBDEs and from 1.25 to 18.51 ng g-1dw for NBFRs, and in shoots, ranging from 0.09 to 5.58 ng g-1dw and from 0.47 to 7.78 ng g-1dw for PBDEs and NBFRs, respectively. This corresponded to an average soil uptake of 5% for PBDEs and 9% for NBFRs at the lower soil-spiking level, and 3% for PBDEs and 6% for NBFRs at the higher soil spiking level. Consequently, among both initial spiking levels, the soil-root concentration factor (RCF) values were lower on average for PBDEs (0.13 ± 0.05 g dw soil g-1dw roots) than for NBFRs (0.33 ± 0.16 g dw soil g-1dw roots). Conversely, nondifferent values of the root-shoot transfer factor (TF) were calculated for both PBDEs (0.54 ± 0.13 g dw roots g-1dw shoots) and NBFRs (0.49 ± 0.24 g dw roots g-1dw shoots). The differences and similarities reported in the RCF and TF between and within the two groups of compounds can be explained by their properties. The calculated RCF and TF values of the PBDEs exhibited a decreasing trend as the number of bromine atoms increased. Additionally, a robust negative linear correlation was observed between RCF values and the respective logKow values for the PBDEs, at both soil-spiking levels. The root uptake of NBFRs exhibited a negative correlation with their hydrophobicity; however, this was not observed in the context of root-to-shoot transfer. The presence of a second aromatic ring appears to be the key factor influencing the observed variations in NBFRs, with biphenyl NBFRs (BTBPE and DBDPE) characterized by lower uptake and reduced translocation potential than monophenyl PBEB and HBB. Understanding the transfer of these compounds to crops, especially near plastic recycling waste sites, is crucial for understanding the risks of their potential inclusion in the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Venice, Italy; Società Estense Servizi Ambientali S.E.S.A., Este, PD, Via Comuna, 5/B, 35042 Este, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Marangoni
- Società Estense Servizi Ambientali S.E.S.A., Este, PD, Via Comuna, 5/B, 35042 Este, Padova, Italy
| | - Matthieu N Bravin
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Edy Fantinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi 58/ B Italy; Botanical Garden Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, 15, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Venice, Italy
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Masinga P, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in the soil-plant-receptor continuum: transport, fate, health risks, and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:367. [PMID: 38488937 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privilege Masinga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Lao ZL, Wu D, Li HR, Liu YS, Zhang LW, Feng YF, Jiang XY, Wu DW, Hu JJ, Ying GG. Uptake mechanism, translocation, and transformation of organophosphate esters in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A hydroponic study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122933. [PMID: 37977360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their dominant wastewater origin, bioavailability, and toxicity, the occurrence and behavior of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in aquatic systems have attracted considerable attention over the past two decades. Aquatic plants can accumulate and metabolize OPEs in water, thereby playing an important role in their behavior and fate in waterbodies. However, their uptake, translocation and transformation mechanisms in plants remain incompletely characterized. We investigated the accumulation and transformation of OPEs in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) through a series of hydroponic experiments using three representative OPEs, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP). These OPEs can not only be adsorbed onto and enter plant roots via passive diffusion pathways, which are facilitated by anion channels and/or aquaporins, but also can return to the solution when concentration gradients exist. After entry, hydrophilic TCEP showed a dominant distribution in the cell sap, strong acropetal transportability, and rapid translocation rate, whereas hydrophobic TPP was mostly retained in the root cell wall and therefore demonstrated weak acropetal transportability; TBEP with moderate hydrophilicity remained in the middle. All these OPEs can be transformed into diesters, which presented higher proportions in the cell sap and therefore have stronger acropetal transferability than their parent OPEs. TCEP exhibits the lowest biodegradability, followed by TPP and TBEP. These OPEs exerted apparent effects on plant growth, photosynthesis, and the diversity and composition of the rhizosphere microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lang Lao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yi-Shan Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Long-Wei Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Fei Feng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Yi Jiang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Wei Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Qiao Z, Sun X, Gong K, Zhan X, Luo K, Fu M, Zhou S, Han Y, He Y, Peng C, Zhang W. Toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ethane on lettuce: Evaluation through growth, oxidative defense, microstructure, and metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122724. [PMID: 37832780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) as the most widely used novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), has become a ubiquitous emerging pollutant in the environment. However, its toxic effects on vegetable growth during agricultural production have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the response mechanisms of hydroponic lettuce to DBDPE accumulation, antioxidant stress, cell structure damage, and metabolic pathways after exposure to DBDPE. The concentration of DBDPE in the root of lettuce was significantly higher than that in the aboveground part. DBDPE induced oxidative stress on lettuce, which stimulated the defense of the antioxidative system of lettuce cells, and the cell structure produced slight plasma-wall separation. In terms of metabolism, metabolic pathway disorders were caused, which are mainly manifested as inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways, interfering with the biosyntheses of amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and other substances, and ultimately manifested as decreased total chlorophyll content and root activity. In turn, metabolic regulation alleviated antioxidant stress. The mechanisms of the antioxidative reaction of lettuce to DBDPE were elucidated by IBR, PLS-PM analysis, and molecular docking. Our results provide a theoretical basis and research necessity for the evaluation of emerging pollutants in agricultural production and the safety of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Kailin Gong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiuping Zhan
- Shanghai Agricultural Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Kailun Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mengru Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shanqi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanna Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuyou He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Yang X, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Wu J, Zhu H, Zhang A, Sun J. Congener-specific uptake and accumulation of bisphenols in edible plants: Binding to prediction of bioaccumulation by attention mechanism multi-layer perceptron machine learning model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122552. [PMID: 37714399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant accumulation of phenolic contaminants from agricultural soils can cause human health risks via the food chain. However, experimental and predictive information for plant uptake and accumulation of bisphenol congeners is lacking. In this study, the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of five bisphenols (BPs) in carrot and lettuce plants were investigated through hydroponic culture (duration of 168 h) and soil culture (duration of 42 days) systems. The results suggested a higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) of bisphenol AF (BPAF) in plants than that of the other four BPs. A positive correlation was found between the log BCF and the log Kow of BPs (R2carrot = 0.987, R2lettuce = 0.801, P < 0.05), while the log (translocation factor) exhibited a negative correlation with the log Kow (R2carrot = 0.957, R2lettuce = 0.960, P < 0.05). The results of molecular docking revealed that the lower binding energy of BPAF with glycosyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P450 (-4.34, -4.05, and -3.52 kcal/mol) would be responsible for its higher accumulation in plants. Based on the experimental data, an attention mechanism multi-layer perceptron (AM-MLP) model was developed to predict the BCF of eight untested BPs by machine learning, suggesting the relatively high BCF of bisphenol BP, bisphenol PH, and bisphenol TMC (BCFcarrot = 1.37, 1.50, 1.03; BCFlettuce = 1.02, 0.98, 0.67). The prediction of BCF for ever-increasing varieties of BPs by machine learning would reduce repetitive experimental tests and save resources, providing scientific guidance for the production and application of BPs from the perspective of priority pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Control Technology for Industrial Pollution in Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Research and Teaching Center of Agriculture, Zhejiang Open University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Control Technology for Industrial Pollution in Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Haofeng Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Control Technology for Industrial Pollution in Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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8
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Li Q, Wang P, Zou C, Ge F, Li F, Liu Y, Zhang D, Tian J. Dynamics of dominant rhizospheric microbial communities responsible for trichlorfon absorption and translocation in maize seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131096. [PMID: 36893602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the available phosphorus (AP) and TCF concentrations in soils and maize (Zea mays) seedling tissues were measured in response to escalating TCF concentrations during 216 hr of culture. Maize seedlings growth considerably enhanced soil TCF degradation, reaching the highest of 73.2% and 87.4% at 216 hr in 50 and 200 mg/kg TCF treatments, respectively, and increased AP contents in all the seedling tissues. Soil TCF was majorly accumulated in seedling roots, reaching maximum concentration of 0.017 and 0.076 mg/kg in TCF-50 and TCF-200, respectively. The hydrophilicity of TCF might hinder its translocation to the aboveground shoot and leaf. Using bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that TCF addition drastically lessened bacterial community interactions and hindered the complexity of their biotic networks in rhizosphere than in bulk soils, leading to the homogeneity of bacterial communities that were resistant or prone to TCF biodegradation. Mantel test and redundancy analysis suggested a significant enrichment of dominant species Massilia belonging to Proteobacteria phyla, which in turn affecting TCF translocation and accumulation in maize seedling tissues. This study provided new insight into the biogeochemical fate of TCF in maize seedling and the responsible rhizobacterial community in soil TCF absorption and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Peiying Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Caihua Zou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
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9
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Araújo da Silva A, Fagnani E, Cristale J. A modified QuEChERS method for determination of organophosphate esters in milk by GC-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138974. [PMID: 37207896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are substances that have been detected in several matrices due to their use as flame retardants and plasticizers. Human exposure to OPEs can cause endocrine disruption, hormonal problems, and reproductive disturbance. Ingestion of contaminated food can be a significant route of exposure to OPEs. Food can be contaminated by OPEs in the food chain, during cultivation, and by contact with plasticizers during the production chain of processed foods. In this study, a method for the determination of 10 OPEs in commercial bovine milk was developed. The procedure was based on QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. QuEChERS modification included a freezing-out step after the extraction followed by the concentration of the entire acetonitrile phase before the clean-up step. Calibration linearity, matrix effects, recovery, and precision were evaluated. Significant matrix effects were observed, which could be compensated by the isotopically labeled internal standard quantification and matrix-matched calibration curves. Recoveries ranged from 77 to 105%, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 3 to 38%. The method detection limits (MDLs) were in the range of 0.031-6.7 ng mL-1, while the method quantification limits (MQLs) were within the range from 0.27 to 20 ng mL-1. The proposed method was successfully validated and applied to determine the concentrations of OPEs in bovine milk. The 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) was detected in the analyzed milk samples but at levels below the MQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Araújo da Silva
- School of Technology, University of Campinas (FT-UNICAMP), Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Enelton Fagnani
- School of Technology, University of Campinas (FT-UNICAMP), Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Cristale
- School of Technology, University of Campinas (FT-UNICAMP), Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (CENA-USP), Av Centenário 303, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Deng D, Wang J, Xu S, Sun Y, Shi G, Wang H, Wang X. The physiological effect of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under the presence of copper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27312-7. [PMID: 37147540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological and biochemical impacts of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination and growth performance in the presence and absence of copper. The study evaluated seed germination, growth, OPFRs concentrations, chlorophyll fluorescence index (Fv/Fm and Fv/F0), and antioxidant enzyme activity. It also calculated the root accumulation of OPFRs and their root-stem translocation. At the germination stage, at a concentration of 20 μg·L-1 OPFR exposure, wheat germination vigor, root, and shoot lengths were significantly decreased compared to the control. However, the addition of a high concentration of copper (60 mg·L-1) decreased by 80%, 82%, and 87% in the seed germination vitality index and root and shoot elongation, respectively, compared to 20 μg·L-1 of OPFR treatment. At the seedling stage, a concentration of 50 μg·L-1 of OPFRs significantly decreased by 42% and 5.4% in wheat growth weight and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to the control. However, the addition of a low concentration of copper (15 mg·L-1) slightly enhanced the growth weight compared to the other two co-exposure treatments, but the results were not significant (p > 0.05). After 7 days of exposure, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (indicates lipid peroxidation) content in wheat roots significantly increased compared to the control and was higher than in leaves. MDA contents in wheat roots and shoots were decreased by 18% and 6.5% when OPFRs were combined with low Cu treatment compared with single OPFRs treatment, but SOD activity was slightly improved. These results suggest that the co-exposure of copper and OPFRs enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress tolerance. Seven OPFRs were detected in wheat roots and stems, with root concentration factors (RCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) ranging from 67 to 337 and 0.05 to 0.33, respectively, for the seven OPFRs in a single OPFR treatment. The addition of copper significantly increased OPFR accumulation in the root and aerial parts. In general, the addition of a low concentration of copper promoted wheat seedling elongation and biomass and did not significantly inhibit the germination process. OPFRs could mitigate the toxicity of low-concentration copper on wheat but had a weak detoxification effect on high-concentration copper. These results indicated that the combined toxicity of OPFRs and Cu had antagonistic effects on the early development and growth of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxian Deng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Sijie Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yueying Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
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11
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Bonato T, Picone M, Beggio G, Vecchiato M, Feltracco M, Pivato A, Piazza R. Fragrance materials affect life history parameters and gene expression in Daphnia magna: An emerging issue for freshwater ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138786. [PMID: 37121283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A chronic toxicity test (21 d exposure) with the model organism Daphnia magna was performed to study the single-compound and combined effects of four fragrance materials (FMs), including musk xylene (MX), Celestolide™ (ADBI), Galaxolide™ (HHCB), and ethylene brassylate (MT). Furthermore, the transcriptional responses of ten target genes related to detoxification, molting and reproduction (DHR96, P-gp, CYP360A8, GST, CYP314, EcRb, Vtg, CAT, GPX, and GCLC) were determined by performing a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) after juvenile D. magna was exposed for 48 h. The results showed that MX, ADBI and HHCB affected development and reproduction after chronic exposure at a concentration of 10 μg L-1. Conversely, MT did not affect reproduction, growth or molting during the 21 d exposure. In juvenile D. magna, gene expression was significantly altered by ADBI (DHR96, CYP260A8, and GCLC) and MX (DHR96, CYP360A8, EcRb, Vtg, CYP314, and GCLC) but not by HHCB. These results suggest that compared to biochemical measures, conventional biological endpoints provide more informative data regarding the effects of this FM. Compared to single substances in the chronic test, the mixture of the four FMs showed effects at lower concentrations and increased gene expression for EcRb and CYP314 during juvenile exposure, indicating a possible additive or synergistic effect of the four FMs compared to single compound exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy; Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), 35042, Este, Italy.
| | - Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences of the National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, 30172, Venice, Italy
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12
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Urfan M, Sharma S, Hakla HR, Rajput P, Andotra S, Lehana PK, Bhardwaj R, Khan MS, Das R, Kumar S, Pal S. Recent trends in root phenomics of plant systems with available methods- discrepancies and consonances. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1311-1321. [PMID: 35910442 PMCID: PMC9334470 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The phenotyping of plant roots is a challenging task and poses a major lacuna in plant root research. Roots rhizospheric zone is affected by several environmental cues among which salinity, drought, heavy metal and soil pH are key players. Among biological factors, fungal, nematode and bacterial interactions with roots are vital for improving nutrient uptake efficiency in plants. The subterranean nature of a plant root and the limited number of approaches for root phenotyping offers a great challenge to the plant breeders to select a desirable root trait under different stress conditions. Identification of key root traits can provide a basic understanding for generating crop plants with enhanced ability to withstand various biotic or abiotic stresses. For instance, crops with improved soil exploration potential, phosphate uptake efficiency, water use efficiency and others. Laboratory methods such as hydroponics, rhizotron, rhizoslide and luminescence observatory for roots do not provide precise and desired root quantification attributes. Though 3D imaging by X-ray computed tomography (X-ray-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are complex, however, it provides the most applicable and practically relevant data for quantifying root system architecture traits. This review outlines the current developments in root studies including recent approaches viz. X-ray-CT, MRI, thermal infrared imaging and minirhizotron. Although root phenotyping is a laborious procedure, it offers multiple advantages by removing discrepancies and providing the actual practical significance of plant roots for breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Urfan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Haroon Rashid Hakla
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Prakriti Rajput
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Sonali Andotra
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | | | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143001 India
| | - M Suhail Khan
- USBT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, 110 078 New Delhi India
| | - Ranjan Das
- Department of Crop Physiology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013 India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Statistics, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Sikander Pal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
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