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Masud MAA, Shin WS, Sarker A, Septian A, Das K, Deepo DM, Iqbal MA, Islam ARMT, Malafaia G. A critical review of sustainable application of biochar for green remediation: Research uncertainty and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166813. [PMID: 37683867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from the pyrolysis of organic biomass, has gained significant attention as a potential solution for sustainable green remediation practices. Several studies analyze biomass-derived biochar techniques and environmental applications, but comprehensive assessments of biochar limitations, uncertainty, and future research directions still need to be improved. This critical review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of biochar's efficacy in environmental applications, including soil, water, and air, by sequentially addressing its preparation, application, and associated challenges. The review begins by delving into the diverse methods of biochar production, highlighting their influence on physical and chemical properties. This review explores the diverse applications of biochar in remediating contaminated soil, water, and air while emphasizing its sustainability and eco-friendly characteristics. The focus is on incorporating biochar as a remediation technique for pollutant removal, sequestration, and soil improvement. The review highlights the promising results obtained from laboratory-scale experiments, field trials, and case studies, showcasing the effectiveness of biochar in mitigating contaminants and restoring ecosystems. The environmental benefits and challenges of biochar production, characterization, and application techniques are critically discussed. The potential synergistic effects of combining biochar with other remediation methods are also explored to enhance its efficacy. A rigorous analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of biochar for diverse environmental applications in terms of technical, environmental, economic, and social issues is required to support the commercialization of biochar for large-scale uses. Finally, future research directions and recommendations are presented to facilitate the development and implementation of biochar-based, sustainable green remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Masud
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Sik Shin
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Residual Chemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ardie Septian
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN), Serpong 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Kallol Das
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deen Mohammad Deepo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Wang K, Yao R, Zhang D, Peng N, Zhao P, Zhong Y, Zhou H, Huang J, Liu C. Tetracycline Adsorption Performance and Mechanism Using Calcium Hydroxide-Modified Biochars. TOXICS 2023; 11:841. [PMID: 37888692 PMCID: PMC10611203 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline is frequently found in various environments and poses significant ecological risks. Calcium hydroxide-modified biochar has shown potential as a material for removing multiple classes of pollutants from wastewater streams. The tetracycline-adsorption performance and mechanism of alkali-modified biochars derived from nine wastes (corn straw, rice straw, swine manure, cypress powder, wheat straw, peanut shell, walnut shell powder, soybean straw, and corncobs) were investigated in the study. Among the four alkalis tested, calcium hydroxide exhibited the most effective modification effects at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Straw biomass was most suitable to be modified by calcium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide-modified biochar showed the highest adsorption performance for tetracycline. The maximum adsorption capacities were 8.22 mg g-1 for pristine corn straw biochar and 93.46 mg g-1 for calcium hydroxide-modified corn straw biochar. The tetracycline adsorption mechanism by calcium hydroxide-modified corn straw biochar involved hydrogen bonding, oxygen-containing functional groups, Ca2+ metal complexation, and electrostatic attraction. Consequently, calcium hydroxide-modified corn straw biochar emerges as an environment-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient tetracycline adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Runlin Yao
- Bathurst Future Agri-Tech Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Na Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Geological Party 105, Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yongming Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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Liu Q, Cao X, Yue T, Zhang F, Bai S, Liu L. Removal of tetracycline in aqueous solution by iron-loaded biochar derived from polymeric ferric sulfate and bagasse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87185-87198. [PMID: 37418186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the tetracycline (TC) removal performance of iron-loaded biochar (BPFSB) derived from sugarcane bagasse and polymerized iron sulfate was investigated, and the mechanism of TC removal was also explored by study of isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics and characterization of fresh and used BPFSB (XRD, FTIR, SEM and XPS). The results showed that under optimized conditions (initial pH 2; BPFSB dosage 0.8 g·L-1; TC initial concentration 100 mg·L-1; Contact time 24 h; temperature 298 K), the removal efficiency of TC was as high as 99.03%. The isothermal removal of TC followed well the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, indicating that multilayer surface chemisorption dominated the TC removal. The maximum removal capacity of TC by BPFSB at different temperatures was 185.5 mg·g-1 (298 K), 192.7 mg·g-1 (308 K), and 230.9 mg·g-1 (318 K), respectively. The pseudo-second-kinetic model described the TC removal better, while its rate-controlling step was a combination of liquid film diffusion, intraparticle diffusion, and chemical reaction. Meanwhile, TC removal was also a spontaneous and endothermic process, during which the randomness and disorder between the solid-liquid interface was increased. According to the characterization of BPFSBs before and after TC removal, H-bonding and complexation were the major interactions for TC surface adsorption. Furthermore, BPFSB was efficiently regenerated by NaOH. In summary, BPFSB had the potential for practical application in TC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tiantian Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shaoyuan Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Abolfazli Behrooz B, Oustan S, Mirseyed Hosseini H, Etesami H, Padoan E, Magnacca G, Marsan FA. The importance of presoaking to improve the efficiency of MgCl 2-modified and non-modified biochar in the adsorption of cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114932. [PMID: 37080130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the effect of presoaking, as one of the most important physical factors affecting the adsorption behavior of biochar, on the adsorption of heavy metals by modified or non-modified biochar and presoaking mechanism is still an open issue. In this study, the water presoaking effect on the kinetics of cadmium (Cd) adsorption by rice husk biochar (produced at 450 °C, B1, and at 600 °C, B2) and the rice husk biochar modified with magnesium chloride (B1 modified with MgCl2, MB1, and B2 modified with MgCl2, MB2) was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of pH (2, 5, and 6), temperature (15, 25, and 35 °C), and biochar particle size (100 and 500 µm) on the kinetics of Cd adsorption was also investigated. Results revealed that the content of Cd adsorbed by the presoaked biochar was significantly higher than that by the non-presoaked biochar. The highest Cd adsorption capacity of MB2 and MB1 was 98.4 and 97.6 mg g-1, respectively, which was much better than that of B1 (7.6 mg g-1) and B2 (7.5 mg g-1). The modeling of kinetics results showed that in all cases pseudo-second-order model was well-fitted (R2>0.99) with Cd adsorption data. The results also indicated that the highest Cd adsorption values were observed at pH 6 in presoaked MB1 with size of 100 µm as well as at the temperature of 35 °C in presoaked MB2, indicating the optimum conditions for this process. The presoaking process was not affected by biochar size and pH, and the difference in adsorbed Cd content between presoaked biochars and non-presoaked ones was also similar. However, the temperature had a negative effect on presoaking. The presoaking process decreased micropores (<10 µm) in the biochars but had no effect on biochar hydrophobicity. Therefore, presoaking, which could significantly increase Cd adsorption and reduce equilibrium time by reducing the micropores of biochars, is suggested as an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of modified biochars or non-modified ones in the adsorption of contaminants (Cd) from aquatic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Abolfazli Behrooz
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Oustan
- Soil Science Department, Agricultural Faculty, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elio Padoan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Dipartimento di chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Ajmone Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Luo Y, Huang G, Li Y, Yao Y, Huang J, Zhang P, Ren S, Shen J, Zhang Z. Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by MOF-derived carbons: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159279. [PMID: 36209883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing demand for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has resulted in the uncontrolled release of large amounts of PPCPs into the environment, which poses a great challenge to the existing wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, novel materials for efficient treatment of PPCPs need to be developed urgently. MOF-derived carbons (MDCs), have many advantages such as high mechanical strength, excellent water stability, large specific surface area, excellent electron transfer capability, and environmental friendliness. These advantages give MDCs an excellent ability to remove PPCPs. In this review, the effects of different substances on the properties and functions of MDCs are discussed. In addition, representative applications of MDCs and composites for the removal of PPCPs in the field of adsorption and catalysis are summarized. Finally, the future challenges of MDCs and composites are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Yongping Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shaojie Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Zixin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Liao X, Chen C, Liang Z, Zhao Z, Cui F. Selective adsorption of antibiotics on manganese oxide-loaded biochar and mechanism based on quantitative structure-property relationship model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128262. [PMID: 36343776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, MnCl2-impregnated biomass was oxygen-limited pyrolyzed to produce manganese oxide-loaded biochar (MBC), its adsorption behaviors and influencing factors on tetracycline (TTC), norfloxacin (NOR), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were systematically investigated. Three antibiotics exhibited enhanced adsorption behavior on MBC, with maximum adsorption capacity as accurately described by Sips isotherm: TTC (534 mg/g) > NOR (67 mg/g) > SMX (28 mg/g). Hydrogen bonding, n/π-π interactions, electrostatic interaction, surface coordination, and hydrophobic interaction are the major mechanisms for the improved adsorption. Manganese oxide particles on MBC promoted surface coordination and hydrogen bonding. Antibiotic molecules with more hydroxyl oxygen-containing functional groups are more susceptible to migrate to biochar surfaces and to be adhered. Moreover, the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was constructed and revealed that hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions were crucial for tetracycline antibiotics selective adsorption. Hence, MBC was a prospective adsorbent with promising applications for antibiotic removal in sewage processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Zhijie Liang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
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Burezq H, Davidson MK. Biochar from date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) residues—a critical review. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2023; 16:101. [PMCID: PMC9845831 DOI: 10.1007/s12517-022-11123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon rich organic amendment, derived from organic biomass by pyrolysis under high-temperature and zero oxygen condition, is a soil amendment to enrich soil with essential nutrients. Biochar is multidimensional in its benefits, including increase in soil carbon sequestration, reduction in green house emission, improved soil fertility, and prolonged soil moisture retention capability to overcome drought. Biochar can be produced from a wide array of biological residues, contributed by plants as well as animals. Date palm a common plant in Gulf region, leave enormous quantity of residues, which are disposed or burnt as waste in farms, that acts as a source of pollution in date-producing nations. The residual biomass from dates is utilized in cattle feed production in some countries. Disposing these residues without harming the environment is a challenge and the perfect solution is biochar. Based on the unique abatement potential of biochar and its functions to improve soil health and soil carbon sequestration, biochar can be considered as long-term agriculture adaptation strategy. This comprehensive review highlights the production of biochar from date palm biomass, the influence of different date palm parts in biochar production, and their potential benefits to the community. It is realized that the knowledge of biochar from date palm residues is still in its infancy which requires concerted efforts to educate the date palm farming community to utilize the valuable biomass from date palm for transformation to a nutritious and eco-friendly product, biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana’a Burezq
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Merlin K. Davidson
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait
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Abstract
The continuing increase in population means an increasing demand for products and services, resulting in huge amounts of waste being discharged into the environment. Therefore, waste management requires the application of new and innovative solutions. One new approach involves converting waste into value-added chemicals and products for use directly or after further processing into higher value-added products. These processes include biological, thermochemical, and physiochemical methods. Furthermore, biosolids, including treated sewage sludge (SS), represent one of the major by-products of human activities, constituting a major environmental hazard and requiring the treatment of contaminated wastewater with associated health hazards. Sustainable solutions to manage and dispose of this type of waste are required. In this review, pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion technology, is explored to convert biosolids to biochars. The review addresses previous studies, by providing a critical discussion on the present status of biosolids processing, the potential for energy recovery from the pyrolysis bio-oil and biogas, and finally some benefits of the production of biochars from biosolids.
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Zhao X, Yuan P, Yang Z, Peng W, Meng X, Cheng J. Integration of Micro-Nano-Engineered Hydroxyapatite/Biochars with Optimized Sorption for Heavy Metals and Pharmaceuticals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1988. [PMID: 35745328 PMCID: PMC9227354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the perspective of treating wastes with wastes, bamboo sawdust was integrated with a hydroxyapatite (HAP) precursor to create engineered nano-HAP/micro-biochar composites (HBCs) by optimizing the co-precipitated precursor contents and co-pyrolysis temperature (300, 450, 600 °C). The physicochemical properties of HBCs, including morphologies, porosities, component ratios, crystalline structures, surface elemental chemical states, surface functional groups, and zeta potentials as a function of carbonization temperatures and components of precursors, were studied. Biochar matrix as an efficient carrier with enhanced specific surface area to prevent HAP from aggregation was desired. The sorption behavior of heavy metal (Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II)) and pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and tetracycline) on HBCs were analyzed given various geochemical conditions, including contact time, pH value, ionic strength, inferencing cations and anions, coexisting humic acid, and ambient temperature. HBCs could capture these pollutants efficiently from both simulated wastewaters and real waters. Combined with spectroscopic techniques, proper multiple dominant sorption mechanisms for each sorbate were elucidated separately. HBCs presented excellent reusability for the removal of these pollutants through six recycles, except for tetracycline. The results of this study provide meaningful insight into the proper integration of biochar-mineral composites for the management of aquatic heavy metals and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Graduate Department, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China;
| | - Peiling Yuan
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Materials and Devices, College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China;
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Xiang Meng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.M.); (J.C.)
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