1
|
Magnuson JT, Sy ND, Tanabe P, Ji C, Gan J, Schlenk D. Dopaminergic and anti-estrogenic responses in juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to bifenthrin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 285:109995. [PMID: 39111515 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
The frequency of detection and concentrations of bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, in the waterways inhabited by the endangered species, steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), has become a significant concern for regulatory agencies. Endocrine disruption has been observed with estrogenic and anti-estrogenic responses in fish species at different life stages. Since several studies have indicated alterations in dopaminergic signaling associated with endocrine responses, juvenile steelhead were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 60 or 120 ng/L bifenthrin for two weeks. Fish brains were assessed for dopamine levels and the expression of genes involved in dopaminergic and estrogenic processes, such as catechol-o-methyltransferase (comt) and monoamine oxidase (mao). Vitellogenin (vtg) and estrogenic receptors (ERα1, ERβ1, and ERβ2) were also evaluated in livers of the animals. Dopamine concentrations were significantly higher in fish brains following bifenthrin exposure. Consistent with a reduction in dopamine clearance, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of comt with increased bifenthrin concentration. Hepatic expression of ERα1 and ERβ2 mRNA was significantly decreased with increased bifenthrin concentration. These data support the possible mechanism of bifenthrin altering the dopaminergic pathway at low ng/L concentrations, in juvenile steelhead, which could interfere with endocrine feedback loops. These findings support the need for and importance of identifying species and life stage differences in pesticide modes of action to reduce uncertainties in risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Nathan D Sy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
La CGB, Huff Hartz KE, Arkles M, Grim ME, Acuña S, Sadro S, Lydy MJ. A baseline assessment of contamination in the Sacramento deep water ship channel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124606. [PMID: 39053801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel (SDWSC) in the San Francisco Estuary, which is an active commercial port, is critical habitat for pelagic fish species including delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys), and Sacramento perch (Archoplites interruptus). Pelagic organism decline has been attributed to covarying factors such as manipulation of habitat, introduction of invasive species, decrease in food production, and contaminant exposure. Quantification of bioavailable toxicant loads in the SDWSC is limited despite previous surveys that have detected elevated contaminant concentrations in the sediments. Therefore, the focus of the present study was to characterize the bioavailability of the contaminants in the SDWSC from six sites along the channel. At each site, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), pyrethroid insecticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were quantified in sediment, zooplankton, and suspended solids. In addition, Tenax extraction was used to measure the bioaccessible fraction of sediment-associated contaminants freely dissolved in the water. Bioaccessible contaminants in the sediment provided an uptake route for these stressors into invertebrates and fish with bioaccessible OCPs being found at all sites, particularly 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). Bifenthrin was the only pyrethroid detected in the chosen matrices and it was found at concentrations below levels of concern. Bioaccessible PAHs were found at all sites, with highest detections for phenanthrene and pyrene. No PCBs were detected in sediments, but were detected in both suspended solids and zooplankton. Contaminant concentrations overall were significantly higher in suspended solids, followed by zooplankton and sediments. The highest sediment concentrations of DDE, fluoranthene, pyrene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene exceeded sediment quality benchmarks indicating potential risk to sediment-dwelling species. Finally, elevated contaminant levels were found in both suspended solids and zooplankton, suggesting additional risk to pelagic species in the SDWSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina G B La
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Mia Arkles
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Melissa E Grim
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Steven Sadro
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anzalone SE, Fuller NW, Hartz KEH, Whitledge GW, Magnuson JT, Schlenk D, Acuña S, Whiles MR, Lydy MJ. The Roles of Diet and Habitat Use in Pesticide Bioaccumulation by Juvenile Chinook Salmon: Insights from Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Biomarkers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:234-248. [PMID: 38555540 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Stable isotopes (SI) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers can provide insights regarding trophic pathways and habitats associated with contaminant bioaccumulation. We assessed relationships between SI and FA biomarkers and published data on concentrations of two pesticides [dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and degradation products (DDX) and bifenthrin] in juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Sacramento River and Yolo Bypass floodplain in Northern California near Sacramento. We also conducted SI and FA analyses of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates to determine whether particular trophic pathways and habitats were associated with elevated pesticide concentrations in fish. Relationships between DDX and both sulfur (δ34S) and carbon (δ13C) SI ratios in salmon indicated that diet is a major exposure route for DDX, particularly for individuals with a benthic detrital energy base. Greater use of a benthic detrital energy base likely accounted for the higher frequency of salmon with DDX concentrations > 60 ng/g dw in the Yolo Bypass compared to the Sacramento River. Chironomid larvae and zooplankton were implicated as prey items likely responsible for trophic transfer of DDX to salmon. Sulfur SI ratios enabled identification of hatchery-origin fish that had likely spent insufficient time in the wild to substantially bioaccumulate DDX. Bifenthrin concentration was unrelated to SI or FA biomarkers in salmon, potentially due to aqueous uptake, biotransformation and elimination of the pesticide, or indistinct biomarker compositions among invertebrates with low and high bifenthrin concentrations. One FA [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and DDX were negatively correlated in salmon, potentially due to a greater uptake of DDX from invertebrates with low DHA or effects of DDX on FA metabolism. Trophic biomarkers may be useful indicators of DDX accumulation and effects in juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento River Delta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Anzalone
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Neil W Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Matt R Whiles
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Magnuson JT, Fuller N, McGruer V, Huff Hartz KE, Acuña S, Whitledge GW, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. Effect of temperature and dietary pesticide exposure on neuroendocrine and olfactory responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120938. [PMID: 36572271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Projected water temperature increases based on predicted climate change scenarios and concomitant pesticide exposure raises concern about the responses of aquatic organisms. To better understand the effect of pesticide mixtures and influence of water temperature to fish, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were dietarily exposed to a mixture of legacy and current use pesticides (p,p'-DDE, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalerate, and fipronil) at concentrations detected from field-collected prey items in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California (Delta) and exposed under current and predicted future water temperature scenarios, 11, 14, or 17 °C, for 14 days. The expression of a subset of genes (deiodinase 2-dio2, gonadotropin releasing hormone 2-gnrh2, and catechol-o-methyltransferase-comt) involved in neuroendocrine, dopaminergic, and olfactory function previously shown to be altered by individual pesticide exposures germane to this study were determined and olfactory function assessed using a Y-maze behavioral assay. When total body burdens of pesticides were measured, a significant decrease in dio2 expression was observed in Chinook salmon exposed at 14 °C compared to fish kept at 11 °C. Increases in gnrh2 expression were also observed in fish exposed to 14 °C. Similarly, increases in comt expression was noted at 14 and 17 °C. Additionally, altered expression of all transcripts was observed, showing interactions between temperature and individual pesticide concentrations. Chinook salmon spent significantly more time actively avoiding the odorant arm at baseline conditions of 11 °C in the Y-maze. At higher temperatures, Chinook spent significantly more time not making a choice between the odorant or clean arm following exposure to the low pesticide mixture, relative to 11 °C. These results suggest that dietary exposure to pesticide mixtures can potentially induce neuroendocrine effects and behavior. Impaired olfactory responses exhibited by Chinook salmon could have implications for predator avoidance in the wild under increased temperature scenarios and impact populations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
| | - Neil Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, United States
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Magnuson JT, Caceres L, Sy N, Ji C, Tanabe P, Gan J, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. The Use of Non-targeted Lipidomics and Histopathology to Characterize the Neurotoxicity of Bifenthrin to Juvenile Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11482-11492. [PMID: 35876619 PMCID: PMC9387103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the detection frequencies and measured concentrations in surface water, the type I pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, has been of particular concern within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. Concentrations have been detected above levels previously reported to impair neuroendocrine function and induce neurotoxicity to several species of salmonids. Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies indicated impairment of cellular signaling within the brain of exposed animals and potential alteration of lipid metabolism. To better understand the potential impacts of bifenthrin on brain lipids, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to mean bifenthrin concentrations of 28 or 48 ng/L for 14 days, and non-targeted lipidomic profiling in the brain was conducted. Brain tissue sections were also assessed for histopathological insult following bifenthrin treatment. Bifenthrin-exposed trout had a concentration-dependent decrease in the relative abundance of triglycerides (TGs) with levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) significantly altered following 48 ng/L bifenthrin exposure. An increased incidence of histopathological lesions, such as focal hemorrhages and congestion of blood vessels, was noted in the brains of bifenthrin-treated animals, suggesting an association between altered lipid metabolism and neuronal cell structure and integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Magnuson
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Leslie Caceres
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nathan Sy
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenyang Ji
- College
of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael J. Lydy
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute
of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Magnuson JT, Fuller N, Huff Hartz KE, Anzalone S, Whitledge GW, Acuña S, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. Dietary Exposure to Bifenthrin and Fipronil Impacts Swimming Performance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5071-5080. [PMID: 35353479 PMCID: PMC9354086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and fipronil, can accumulate in the prey of juvenile Chinook salmon, yet the effects of dietary exposure are not understood. Therefore, to better characterize the effect of a dietary exposure route, juvenile Chinook salmon were fed chironomids dosed with a concentration of 9 or 900 ng/g of bifenthrin, fipronil, or their mixture for 25 days at concentrations previously measured in field-collected samples. Chinook were assessed for maximum swimming performance (Umax) using a short-duration constant acceleration test and biochemical responses related to energetic processes (glucose levels) and liver health (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity). Chinook exposed to bifenthrin and bifenthrin and fipronil mixtures had a significantly reduced swimming performance, although not when exposed to fipronil alone. The AST activity was significantly increased in bifenthrin and mixture treatments and glucose levels were increased in Chinook following a mixture treatment, although not when exposed to fipronil alone. These findings suggest that there are different metabolic processes between bifenthrin and fipronil following dietary uptake that may influence toxicity. The significant reductions in swimming performance and increased levels of biochemical processes involved in energetics and fish heath could have implications for foraging activity and predator avoidance in wild fish at sensitive life stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Magnuson
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Neil Fuller
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kara E. Huff Hartz
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Sara Anzalone
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Gregory W. Whitledge
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan
Water District of Southern California, 1121 L Street, Suite 900, Sacramento, California 95814, United States
| | - Michael J. Lydy
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute
of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|