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Antonelli G, Filippi J, D'Orazio M, Curci G, Casti P, Mencattini A, Martinelli E. Integrating machine learning and biosensors in microfluidic devices: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116632. [PMID: 39116628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are increasingly widespread in the literature, being applied to numerous exciting applications, from chemical research to Point-of-Care devices, passing through drug development and clinical scenarios. Setting up these microenvironments, however, introduces the necessity of locally controlling the variables involved in the phenomena under investigation. For this reason, the literature has deeply explored the possibility of introducing sensing elements to investigate the physical quantities and the biochemical concentration inside microfluidic devices. Biosensors, particularly, are well known for their high accuracy, selectivity, and responsiveness. However, their signals could be challenging to interpret and must be carefully analysed to carry out the correct information. In addition, proper data analysis has been demonstrated even to increase biosensors' mentioned qualities. To this regard, machine learning algorithms are undoubtedly among the most suitable approaches to undertake this job, automatically learning from data and highlighting biosensor signals' characteristics at best. Interestingly, it was also demonstrated to benefit microfluidic devices themselves, in a new paradigm that the literature is starting to name "intelligent microfluidics", ideally closing this benefic interaction among these disciplines. This review aims to demonstrate the advantages of the triad paradigm microfluidics-biosensors-machine learning, which is still little used but has a great perspective. After briefly describing the single entities, the different sections will demonstrate the benefits of the dual interactions, highlighting the applications where the reviewed triad paradigm was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Antonelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Joanna Filippi
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele D'Orazio
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Curci
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Casti
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Huang F, Chen L, Yang X, Jeyakumar P, Wang Z, Sun S, Qiu T, Zeng Y, Chen J, Huang M, Wang H, Fang L. Unveiling the impacts of microplastics on cadmium transfer in the soil-plant-human system: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135221. [PMID: 39096630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The co-contamination of soils by microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd), one of the most perilous heavy metals, is emerging as a significant global concern, posing risks to plant productivity and human health. However, there remains a gap in the literature concerning comprehensive evaluations of the combined effects of MPs and Cd on soil-plant-human systems. This review examines the interactions and co-impacts of MPs and Cd in soil-plant-human systems, elucidating their mechanisms and synergistic effects on plant development and health risks. We also review the origins and contamination levels of MPs and Cd, revealing that sewage, atmospheric deposition, and biosolid applications are contributors to the contamination of soil with MPs and Cd. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that MPs significantly (p<0.05) increase the bioavailability of soil Cd and the accumulation of Cd in plant shoots by 6.9 and 9.3 %, respectively. The MPs facilitate Cd desorption from soils through direct adsorption via surface complexation and physical adsorption, as well as indirectly by modifying soil physicochemical properties, such as pH and dissolved organic carbon, and altering soil microbial diversity. These interactions augment the bioavailability of Cd, along with MPs, adversely affect plant growth and its physiological functions. Moreover, the ingestion of MPs and Cd through the food chain significantly enhances the bioaccessibility of Cd and exacerbates histopathological alterations in human tissues, thereby amplifying the associated health risks. This review provides insights into the coexistence of MPs and Cd and their synergistic effects on soil-plant-human systems, emphasizing the need for further research in this critical subject area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Yuan S. Indirect detection of lead(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II) on a microfluidic electrophoresis chip. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39263759 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Water environments contaminated by heavy metal ions present significant challenges because these pollutants do not degrade naturally, leading to their gradual bioaccumulation in animals and plants, which ultimately poses an insurmountable threat to human health. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of heavy metal ions in water is of great significance for environmental protection and disease prevention. In this work, we developed a novel method based on microfluidic electrophoresis coupled with indirect chemiluminescence for the immediate detection of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) heavy metal ions. The displacement of the Co(II) ions within the chemiluminescence mixture by the above migrating sample cations caused a measurable reduction in the background signal. The results showed that the detection limits of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions under the best detection conditions were 5.83 × 10-8 M, 5.38 × 10-8 M and 2.09 × 10-8 M, respectively, which were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the indirect UV method and 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the indirect laser induced detection method. This method can provide a possibility for the rapid detection of multiple heavy metal ions in actual water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266113, China.
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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Selivanovitch E, Ostwalt A, Chao Z, Daniel S. Emerging Designs and Applications for Biomembrane Biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:339-366. [PMID: 39018354 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-042618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Nature has inspired the development of biomimetic membrane sensors in which the functionalities of biological molecules, such as proteins and lipids, are harnessed for sensing applications. This review provides an overview of the recent developments for biomembrane sensors compatible with either bulk or planar sensing applications, namely using lipid vesicles or supported lipid bilayers, respectively. We first describe the individual components required for these sensing platforms and the design principles that are considered when constructing them, and we segue into recent applications being implemented across multiple fields. Our goal for this review is to illustrate the versatility of nature's biomembrane toolbox and simultaneously highlight how biosensor platforms can be enhanced by harnessing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Selivanovitch
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Alexis Ostwalt
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Zhongmou Chao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
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Fung FM, Widyantoro C, Li SFY. Keeping Analytical Chemistry Training Up-to-Date. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6863-6869. [PMID: 38656177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The undergraduate analytical chemistry curriculum serves to equip students with the knowledge and skills for work outside of classroom training. As such, instructors face a challenging task in deciding the breadth and depth of topics for their courses to ensure their syllabi can remain up-to-date with today's needs. We propose that instructors consider covering capillary electrophoresis (CE) and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies in their analytical chemistry courses. Past surveys of the curriculum show a noticeable lack of emphasis on these topics, which we feel is a missed opportunity and one that holds potential for the collective benefit of instructors and students. CE and LOCs are utilized in a diverse array of fields like biochemistry, pharmaceutical production, materials science, and environmental analysis, and their applications are becoming increasingly important amidst the growing movement toward environmentally sustainable practices and green chemistry. They are also more accessible in the analytical chemistry classroom compared with typical benchtop instruments due to the flexibility of their size and cost. This makes them easier to obtain, maintain, and transport for use and demonstration purposes. Additionally, interwoven in these topics are core concepts that are fundamental to analytical chemistry; thus, covering them will inherently reinforce students' understanding of fundamental knowledge. Therefore, we believe increased coverage of CE and LOCs can better prepare undergraduates for modern analytical chemistry work in various industries and fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fun Man Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077
- Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology, National University of Singapore,15 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119225
| | - Clarissa Widyantoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), #02-01, T-Lab Building (TL), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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Huang CW, Lin C, Nguyen MK, Hussain A, Bui XT, Ngo HH. A review of biosensor for environmental monitoring: principle, application, and corresponding achievement of sustainable development goals. Bioengineered 2023; 14:58-80. [PMID: 37377408 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2095089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health/socioeconomic development is closely correlated to environmental pollution, highlighting the need to monitor contaminants in the real environment with reliable devices such as biosensors. Recently, variety of biosensors gained high attention and employed as in-situ application, in real-time, and cost-effective analytical tools for healthy environment. For continuous environmental monitoring, it is necessary for portable, cost-effective, quick, and flexible biosensing devices. These benefits of the biosensor strategy are related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations (UN), especially with reference to clean water and sources of energy. However, the relationship between SDGs and biosensor application for environmental monitoring is not well understood. In addition, some limitations and challenges might hinder the biosensor application on environmental monitoring. Herein, we reviewed the different types of biosensors, principle and applications, and their correlation with SDG 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15 as a reference for related authorities and administrators to consider. In this review, biosensors for different pollutants such as heavy metals and organics were documented. The present study highlights the application of biosensor for achieving SDGs. Current advantages and future research aspects are summarized in this paper.Abbreviations: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; BOD: Biological oxygen demand; COD: Chemical oxygen demand; Cu-TCPP: Cu-porphyrin; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; EDCs: Endocrine disrupting chemicals; EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Fc-HPNs: Ferrocene (Fc)-based hollow polymeric nanospheres; Fe3O4@3D-GO: Fe3O4@three-dimensional graphene oxide; GC: Gas chromatography; GCE: Glassy carbon electrode; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; GHGs: Greenhouse gases; HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; ICP-MS: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ITO: Indium tin oxide; LAS: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; LIG: Laser-induced graphene; LOD: Limit of detection; ME: Magnetoelastic; MFC: Microbial fuel cell; MIP: Molecular imprinting polymers; MWCNT: Multi-walled carbon nanotube; MXC: Microbial electrochemical cell-based; NA: Nucleic acid; OBP: Odorant binding protein; OPs: Organophosphorus; PAHs: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PBBs: Polybrominated biphenyls; PBDEs: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; PCBs: Polychlorinated biphenyls; PGE: Polycrystalline gold electrode; photoMFC: photosynthetic MFC; POPs: Persistent organic pollutants; rGO: Reduced graphene oxide; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals; SERS: Surface enhancement Raman spectrum; SPGE: Screen-printed gold electrode; SPR: Surface plasmon resonance; SWCNTs: single-walled carbon nanotubes; TCPP: Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin; TIRF: Total internal reflection fluorescence; TIRF: Total internal reflection fluorescence; TOL: Toluene-catabolic; TPHs: Total petroleum hydrocarbons; UN: United Nations; VOCs: Volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyPh.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Minh Ky Nguyen
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyPh.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Adnan Hussain
- Ph. D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Department Water Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department Water Science & Technology, Faculty of Environment & Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Department Water Science & Technology, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Lavanya V, Pavithra D, Mohanapriya A, Santhakumar K, Senthil Kumar A. A π-π Bonding-Assisted Molecular-Wiring of Folded-Cytochrome c and Naphthoquinone and Its Electron-Relay-Based Bioelectrocatalytic H 2O 2 Reduction Reaction Visualized by Redox-Competitive Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11556-11570. [PMID: 37429831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The electron-transfer (ET) reaction of cytochrome c (Cytc) protein with biomolecules is a cutting-edge research area of interest in understanding the functionalities of natural systems. Several electrochemical biomimicking studies based on Cytc-protein-modified electrodes prepared via electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding approaches have been reported. Indeed, natural enzymes involve multiple types of bonding, such as hydrogen, ionic, covalent, and π-π, etc. In this work, we explore a Cytc-protein chemically modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CB@NQ/Cytc) prepared via π-π bonding using graphitic carbon as an underlying surface and an aromatic organic molecule, naphthoquinone (NQ), as a cofactor for an effective ET reaction. A simple drop-casting technique-based preparation of GCE/CB@NQ showed a distinct surface-confined redox peak at a standard electrode potential (E°) = -0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl (surface excess = 21.3 nmol cm-2) in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. A control experiment of modification of NQ on an unmodified GCE failed to show any such unique feature. For the preparation of GCE/CB@NQ/Cytc, a dilute solution of Cytc-pH 7 phosphate buffer was drop-cast on the GCE/CB@NQ surface, wherein the protein folding and denaturalization-based complication and its associated ET functionalities were avoided. Molecular dynamics simulation studies show the complexation of NQ with Cytc at the protein binding sites. The protein-bound surface shows an efficient and selective bioelectrocatalytic reduction performance of H2O2, as demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric i-t techniques. Finally, the redox-competition scanning electrochemical microscopy (RC-SECM) technique was adopted for in situ visualization of the electroactive adsorbed surface. The RC-SECM images clearly show the regions of highly bioelectrocatalytic active sites of Cytc-proteins bound to NQ molecules on a graphitic carbon surface. The binding of Cytc with NQ has significant implications for studying the biological electron transport mechanism, and the proposed method provides the requisite framework for such a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lavanya
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide and Green Technology Research Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhamodharan Pavithra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Mohanapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Santhakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide and Green Technology Research Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pasinszki T, Prasad SS, Krebsz M. Quantitative determination of heavy metal contaminants in edible soft tissue of clams, mussels, and oysters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1066. [PMID: 37598134 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are important sources of healthy and nutritious foods; however, clams, mussels, and oysters (the bivalves most consumed by humans) can pose considerable health risks to consumers if contaminated by heavy metals in polluted areas. These organisms can accumulate dangerously high concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Hg, Pb) in their soft tissues that can then be transferred to humans following ingestion. Monitoring contaminants in clams, mussels and oysters and their environments is critically important for global human health and food security, which requires reliable measurement of heavy-metal concentrations in the soft tissues. The aim of our present paper is to provide a review of how heavy metals are quantified in clams, mussels, and oysters. We do this by evaluating sample-preparation methods (i.e., tissue digestion / extraction and analyte preconcentration) and instrumental techniques (i.e., atomic, fluorescence and mass spectrometric methods, chromatography, neutron activation analysis and electrochemical sensors) that have been applied for this purpose to date. Application of these methods, their advantages, limitations, challenges and expected future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Pasinszki
- College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 3722, Samabula, Suva, Fiji.
| | - Shilvee S Prasad
- College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 3722, Samabula, Suva, Fiji
| | - Melinda Krebsz
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Filippidou MK, Kanaris AI, Aslanidis E, Rapesi A, Tsounidi D, Ntouskas S, Skotadis E, Tsekenis G, Tsoukalas D, Tserepi A, Chatzandroulis S. Integrated Plastic Microfluidic Device for Heavy Metal Ion Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1595. [PMID: 37630131 PMCID: PMC10456536 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metal ions in soil, air and water constitutes an important global environmental threat, as these ions accumulate throughout the food chain, contributing to the rise of chronic diseases, including, amongst others, cancer and kidney failure. To date, many efforts have been made for their detection, but there is still a need for the development of sensitive, low-cost, and portable devices able to conduct on-site detection of heavy metal ions. In this work, we combine microfluidic technology and electrochemical sensing in a plastic chip for the selective detection of heavy metal ions utilizing DNAzymes immobilized in between platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), demonstrating a reliable portable solution for water pollution monitoring. For the realization of the microfluidic-based heavy metal ion detection device, a fast and easy-to-implement fabrication method based on the photolithography of dry photosensitive layers is proposed. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the detection of Pb2+ ions using the prototype microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Kyriaki Filippidou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Aris Ioannis Kanaris
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Evangelos Aslanidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Annita Rapesi
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Dimitra Tsounidi
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Sotirios Ntouskas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Evangelos Skotadis
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - George Tsekenis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Angeliki Tserepi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Stavros Chatzandroulis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
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Filippidou MK, Chatzandroulis S. Microfluidic Devices for Heavy Metal Ions Detection: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1520. [PMID: 37630055 PMCID: PMC10456312 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of air, water and soil by heavy metal ions is one of the most serious problems plaguing the environment. These metal ions are characterized by a low biodegradability and high chemical stability and can affect humans and animals, causing severe diseases. In addition to the typical analysis methods, i.e., liquid chromatography (LC) or spectrometric methods (i.e., atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS), there is a need for the development of inexpensive, easy-to-use, sensitive and portable devices for the detection of heavy metal ions at the point of interest. To this direction, microfluidic and lab-on-chip (LOC) devices fabricated with novel materials and scalable microfabrication methods have been proposed as a promising approach to realize such systems. This review focuses on the recent advances of such devices used for the detection of the most important toxic metal ions, namely, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) ions. Particular emphasis is given to the materials, the fabrication methods and the detection methods proposed for the realization of such devices in order to provide a complete overview of the existing technology advances as well as the limitations and the challenges that should be addressed in order to improve the commercial uptake of microfluidic and LOC devices in environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stavros Chatzandroulis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
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Rodríguez CF, Andrade-Pérez V, Vargas MC, Mantilla-Orozco A, Osma JF, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Breaking the clean room barrier: exploring low-cost alternatives for microfluidic devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176557. [PMID: 37180035 PMCID: PMC10172592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses both science and engineering, which aims to design and fabricate devices capable of manipulating extremely low volumes of fluids on a microscale level. The central objective of microfluidics is to provide high precision and accuracy while using minimal reagents and equipment. The benefits of this approach include greater control over experimental conditions, faster analysis, and improved experimental reproducibility. Microfluidic devices, also known as labs-on-a-chip (LOCs), have emerged as potential instruments for optimizing operations and decreasing costs in various of industries, including pharmaceutical, medical, food, and cosmetics. However, the high price of conventional prototypes for LOCs devices, generated in clean room facilities, has increased the demand for inexpensive alternatives. Polymers, paper, and hydrogels are some of the materials that can be utilized to create the inexpensive microfluidic devices covered in this article. In addition, we highlighted different manufacturing techniques, such as soft lithography, laser plotting, and 3D printing, that are suitable for creating LOCs. The selection of materials and fabrication techniques will depend on the specific requirements and applications of each individual LOC. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous alternatives for the development of low-cost LOCs to service industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Camila Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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12
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Rafie SF, Abdollahi H, Sayahi H, Ardejani FD, Aghapoor K, Karimi Darvanjooghi MH, Kaur Brar S, Magdouli S. Genetic algorithm-assisted artificial neural network modelling for remediation and recovery of Pb (II) and Cr(VI) by manganese and cobalt spinel ferrite super nanoadsorbent. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138162. [PMID: 36804494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were hydrothermally synthesized to examine their capability in adsorption of Pb (II) and Cr (VI). The adsorbents exhibited a high rate of adsorption, reaching 90% of their adsorption capacity in less than 30 min. Furthermore, the adsorption capability of the Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) was noticeably greater at initial pollutant concentrations smaller than 40 mg/L. Maximum adsorption capacity on MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were 40 and 25.38 mg/g for Cr (VI) and 523.32 and 476.19 mg/g for Pb (II), respectively. A data-driven model of Artificial Neural Network was used for prediction of adsorption capacity at both equilibrium and non-equilibrium condition. The model parameters including the numbers of neuron (n = 7) and data portioning for training (49.5%), validation (40.5%), and testing (10%) were obtained using Genetic Algorithm. The results indicated that the model could predict the data with high accuracy (R2 = 0.998). The input parameters were initial concentration, time, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and other parameters that is dependent to the physico-chemical properties of ions and adsorbents' surface (ε, α1, α2). The mechanism involved in Cr(VI) and Pb(II) adsorption are electrostatic physisorption and a combination of ion exchange chemisorption and electrostatic physisorption, respectively. Desorption capability and adsorbent reuse capability were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Faridedin Rafie
- School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahi
- School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Hani Sayahi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, 1496813151, Iran
| | - Faramarz Doulati Ardejani
- School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Kioumars Aghapoor
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, 1496813151, Iran
| | | | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Sara Magdouli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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13
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Su X, Tian X, Sun Z, Zou X, Zhang W. Signal-on electrochemical aptasensor based on RGO-AuNPs and exonuclease-III with assistance of external probe for Hg2+ determination in shellfish. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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14
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Ge K, Huang Y, Zhang H. Fabrication of hierarchical β-Bi 2O 3/AuAg microspheres for sensitive, selective and rapid detection of environment pollutants by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121907. [PMID: 36179562 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate based on hierarchical β-Bi2O3/Au2Ag2 microspheres for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of environment pollutants including o-dianisidine (o-diASD) and Hg2+ in environmental samples. The sheet-like β-Bi2O3 not only provides large specific surface areas for adsorption of molecules and AuAg, but also emerges as semiconductor matrix with chemical enhancement combined with AuAg with electromagnetic enhancement, making promising SERS activity. Particularly, the β-Bi2O3/Au2Ag2 shows high SERS performance for 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and TMB with minimum detectable concentration of 0.1 μg/L with enhancement factor of 3.1 × 107 and 6.3 × 107, respectively. The density functional theory simulations were further adopted to explain the high SERS activity and selectivity for o-diASD and TMB. Finally, the β-Bi2O3/Au2Ag2 was applied to direct detection of o-diASD, and indirect detection of Hg2+ by TMB marking in environmental samples. The linearity range of 0.5-200.0 and 0.2-500.0 μg/L with limit of detection of 0.2 and 0.07 μg/L for o-diASD and Hg2+ ions can be achieved, respectively. This method provides a novel strategy in designing and fabricating SERS substrates with high performance for rapid, sensitive and accurate analysis of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ge
- College of Tea and Food Technology, Zhangzhou College of Science & Technology, Zhangzhou 363200, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yihong Huang
- College of Tea and Food Technology, Zhangzhou College of Science & Technology, Zhangzhou 363200, China
| | - Hanqiang Zhang
- College of Tea and Food Technology, Zhangzhou College of Science & Technology, Zhangzhou 363200, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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15
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Integrated lab-on-a-chip devices: Fabrication methodologies, transduction system for sensing purposes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 223:115120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Ramya M, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G, Uma Shankar V, Rajesh G, Nirmala K, Saravanan A, Krishnapandi A. A recent advancement on the applications of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136416. [PMID: 36099991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and globalization, both on an international and local scale, have caused large quantities of toxic chemicals to be released into the environment. Thus, developing an environmental pollutant sensor platform that is sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective is extremely important. In current years, considerable progress has been made in the expansion of electrochemical sensors and biosensors to monitor the environment using nanomaterials. A large number of emerging biomarkers are currently in existence in the biological fluids, clinical, pharmaceutical and bionanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensor platforms have drawn much attention. Electrochemical systems have been used to detect biomarkers rapidly, sensitively, and selectively using biomaterials such as biopolymers, nucleic acids, proteins etc. In this current review, several recent trends have been identified in the growth of electrochemical sensor platforms using nanotechnology such as carbon nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, biomaterials and polymers. The integration strategies, applications, specific properties and future projections of nanostructured materials for emerging progressive sensor platforms are also observed. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - V Uma Shankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - G Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - K Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS. Biochar derived carbonaceous material for various environmental applications: Systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113857. [PMID: 35835170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the solid material produced from the carbonization of organic feedstock biomass. This material has several unique characteristics such as greater carbon content, good electrical conductivity, high stability and large surface area, which can be applied in several research areas such as generation of power and wastewater treatment. In connection with this, recently, the investigations on biochar significantly focus on the removal of toxic heavy metals since the biochar material is easily available and environmentally friendly. According to an environmental analytical device, biochar-derived carbonaceous material has been additionally applied to the synthesis of an effective, sensitive, and low-cost electrochemical sensor. Biochar with an assessment of electrochemical properties has engaged with different redox reactions in water. In this survey, electrochemical ways of behaving of biochar in light of the electrochemical structures were analytically compiled as well as the impact from biomass sources and manufacturing process including carbonization strategies, pre-treatment/changed techniques. This review emphasizes the various synthesis methods of biochar form organic feedstock, properties and different modulations of biochar for the bioremediation of heavy metals. This review study emphasizes the utilization of biochar as sensing platform and supercapacitor for electrode fabrication in electrochemical biosensor to enhance the remediation of toxic contaminants from water streams and by switching the less ecological traditional materials. Brief information on the techniques employed for packaging biochar as carbon electrode is summarized. Scope in the aspect of environmental concern of biochar, future challenges and prospects are proposed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110, India.
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18
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Karthik V, Selvakumar P, Senthil Kumar P, Satheeskumar V, Godwin Vijaysunder M, Hariharan S, Antony K. Recent advances in electrochemical sensor developments for detecting emerging pollutant in water environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135331. [PMID: 35709842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the latest times, considerable studies have been performed closer to detecting emerging pollutant such as paracetamol in wastewater. Electrochemical sensor developments have recently started to determine in fewer concentrations effectively. The detection of paracetamol using standard protocols corresponding to electroanalytical techniques has a greater impact noticed in directing the detecting process toward biosensors. Non-enzymatic sensors are the peak of all electro analysis approaches. Functionalized materials, such as metal oxide nanoparticles, conducting polymers, and carbon-based materials for electrode surface functionalization have been used to create a fortification for distributing passive enzyme-free biosensors. Synergic effects are possible by enhancing loading capacity and mass transfer of reactants for attaining high analytical sensitivity using a variety of nanomaterials with large surface areas. The main focus of this study is to address the prevailing issues in the identification of paracetamol with the tasks in the non-enzymatic sensors field, followed by the useful methods of electro analysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Karthik
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - P Selvakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, 1888, Ethiopia
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - V Satheeskumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - M Godwin Vijaysunder
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - S Hariharan
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - K Antony
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
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19
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Li N, Zhao G, Gao X, Zhang Y, Jian Y. The Impacts of Viscoelastic Behavior on Electrokinetic Energy Conversion for Jeffreys Fluid in Microtubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3355. [PMID: 36234482 PMCID: PMC9565501 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the electrokinetic energy conversion (EKEC) efficiency, streaming potential of viscoelastic fluids in microtubes under an external transversal magnetic field, and an axial pressure gradient are investigated. The Jeffreys fluid is applied to model the viscoelastic fluid, and the analytic solution of velocity field is obtained using the Green's function method. The influence of different dimensionless parameters, for instance, the Deborah numbers De and De*, which are related to the relaxation time and retardation time, respectively; the dimensionless electro-kinetic width K; the dimensionless frequency ω; the volume fraction of the nanoparticles φ and the dimensionless Hartmann number Ha; and three different imposed axial periodic pressure gradients (cosine, triangular, and square) on fluid dynamics are discussed. The physical quantities are graphically described, and the influence of different parameters on the EKEC is analyzed. The results indicate that De promotes the streaming potential and EKEC efficiency of the microtube, while De* inhibits them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Guangpu Zhao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Xue Gao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Yongjun Jian
- School of Mathematical Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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