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Ye Y, Sun X, Huang C, Ji J, Sun J, Zhang Y, Wang JS, Zhao H, Sun X. Metabolic transformation of cyclopiazonic acid in liver microsomes from different species based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134902. [PMID: 38909467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the metabolic transformation of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) in the liver of different species and to supplement accurate risk assessment information, the metabolism of CPA in liver microsomes from four animals and humans was studied using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight method. The results showed that a total of four metabolites were obtained, and dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, methylation, and glucuronidation were identified as the main metabolic pathways of CPA. Rat liver microsomes exhibited the highest metabolic capacity for CPA, with dehydrogenated (C20H18N2O3) and glucuronic acid-conjugated (C26H28N2O10) metabolites identified in all liver microsomes except chicken, indicating significant species metabolic differences. Moreover, C20H18N2O3 was only detected in the incubation system with cytochromes P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). The hydroxylated (C20H20N2O4) and methylated (C21H22N2O3) metabolites were detected in all incubation systems except for the CYP2C9, with CYP3A4 demonstrating the strongest metabolic capacity. The "cocktail" probe drug method showed that CPA exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on the CYP3A4 (IC50 value = 8.658 μM), indicating that the substrate had a negative effect on enzyme activity. Our results provide new insights to understand the biotransformation profile of CPA in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Caihong Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- Center for Food Evaluation, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Li W, Ma W, Yang Y, He H, Chen B. Enhanced detection of monoiodoacetic acid at ng/L level by ion chromatography with novel derivatization-free pretreatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133729. [PMID: 38335611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Concerns have recently arisen regarding the formation of carcinogenic and genotoxic iodinated haloacetic acids (HAAs), such as monoiodoacetic acid (MIAA), during the disinfection of iodine-containing water with chloramine. Existing detection methods for MIAA rely on either labor-intensive derivatization operations or expensive instruments, making analysis challenging. To bypass these issues, this study proposed a novel two-step liquid-liquid extraction strategy to enrich MIAA and then pioneered the integration of common ion chromatography (IC) with an ultraviolet detector to measure trace MIAA precisely. This novel approach achieved a remarkable 155.6-fold enrichment of MIAA and significantly reduced the need for water and chemicals, hence enhancing its efficiency and environmental friendliness. Besides, this method effectively removed coexisting anions and separated MIAA from other interferents by adjusting IC column and eluent conditions. The method detection limit of MIAA is an impressive 21.44 ng/L, and the recoveries in synthetic and real water samples ranged from 85 to 113%, with maximum deviations of 7.59%. We validated the reliability of our approach by comparing it with the USEPA 552.3 method. In conclusion, this IC-based method proves to be a robust and environment-benign solution for detecting trace MIAA in complex water components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Parveen N, Joseph A, Goel S. Leaching of organic matter from microplastics and its role in disinfection by-product formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167640. [PMID: 37806590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is the primary precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, as emerging environmental contaminants continue to increase in natural waters, there is a possibility of new precursors of DBPs. We investigated the potential of microplastics (MPs), a growing environmental concern, for leaching organic matter (OM) and subsequent DBP formation. Two experimental setups were used, including chlorinated water containing MPs (Cl2-MP), and non-chlorinated water containing MPs (Non-Cl2-MP), using polyethylene (PE), polyethylene tetrahydrate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as MP materials. The UV absorbance spectra of Cl2-PET/PP/PVC showed peaks at 218 nm, which were significantly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), indicating lower aromaticity of the leached OM. The DOC concentrations in Cl2-MP samples were several times higher than those in Non-Cl2-MP samples. The leached OM from MPs formed trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in Cl2-MP samples. Among the MPs tested, PVC showed the highest total THM formation after 7 days, followed by PET, PE, and PP. Brominated THMs were predominant, while HAAs were highly chlorinated. THM formation increased with contact time for PE, PET, and PVC, and decreased for PP. Compared to THMs, the concentration of HAAs was low (highest total THM = 185.5 μg/L per g-MP and highest total HAA = 120.7 μg/L per g-MP). Further, the total THM concentration decreased and the total HAA concentration increased over the reaction period, indicating the leaching of different types of OM with increasing contact time. Additionally, the differences in the pattern of DOC leaching and DBP formation among different MPs suggested changes in the leached OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseeba Parveen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Anuja Joseph
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Hong H, Lu Y, Zhu X, Wu Q, Jin L, Jin Z, Wei X, Ma G, Yu H. Cytotoxicity of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts: A combined experimental and computational study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159273. [PMID: 36209887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), such as halocetamides (HAcAms), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and halonitromethanes (HNMs), are emerging DBPs in drinking water. They are more toxic than currently regulated DBPs, attracting more attention to their toxic effects and mechanism. In this study, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells were employed to explore the cytotoxicity of 29 N-DBPs. The influence of molecular structures and different halogenations on cytotoxicity has been comparatively analyzed. As toxicity is the downstream of chemico-biological interactions, the thiol reactivity of 29 N-DBPs has thus been evaluated by using glutathione (GSH) as a model nucleophile, which is the most prevalent cellular thiol and acts as an antioxidant to protect cells by detoxifying electrophilic compounds. Results show that the cytotoxicity of N-DBPs follows by the order of HAcAms > HANs > HNMs, which is different from their reactivity with GSH (the median of kGSH ranks as HNMs > HAcAms > HANs). However, a significant correlation (p < 0.001) between log kGSH and log IC50 (concentration causing 50% inhibition) has been respectively observed for HAcAms and HANs subset and HNMs subset, indicating such chemical reaction is a probable trigger for these DBPs to result in cytotoxicity. Finally, two separate quantitative structure - activity relationship (QSAR) models based on HANs & HAcAms subset and HNMs subset have been developed for estimating IC50 values. The good statistical performance makes the models possible to quickly and accurately predict IC50 values of other N-DBPs, providing basic data for their health risk assessment and greatly reducing in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Lingmin Jin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Guangcai Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, 321004 Jinhua, China.
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Mao Y, Chen Z, Zhang ZW, Xue S, Lu Y, Shi Q, Cao KF, Chen XW, Wu YH, Hu HY. Comparison of the disinfection efficacy between ferrate(VI) and chlorine in secondary effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157712. [PMID: 35908691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is essential for the microbial safety of reclaimed water. Traditional chlorine disinfection leads to secondary problems such as disinfection by-products and chlorine-resistant bacteria. Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is a novel green disinfectant. However, research on the disinfection characteristics of Fe(VI) remains insufficient. This study compared the disinfection efficacy between Fe(VI) and chlorine in secondary effluent, including the inactivation efficiency of coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria and the control effect on typical chlorine-resistant bacteria. The results showed that Fe(VI) was more effective than chlorine in inactivating Escherichia coli and total coliforms at low doses, whereas chlorine was more effective than Fe(VI) in inactivating heterotrophic bacteria. A severe trailing phenomenon was observed in Fe(VI) disinfection. Based on bacterial community structure analysis, Fe(VI) was also found to be capable of controlling the relative abundance of some chlorine-resistant bacteria such as Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Mycobacterium and Legionella except for Pseudomonas. The results of this study could have implications in evaluating Fe(VI) disinfection ability and optimizing Fe(VI) dosing for disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qi Shi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ke-Fan Cao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wen Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, PR China.
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Liu J, Hu L, Deng W, Ying G, Hong H, Tsang EPK, Barceló D. Pilot Study of Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk of Disinfection Byproducts in Natural Waters in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2613-2621. [PMID: 35899985 PMCID: PMC9353341 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increased disinfection efforts in various parts of China, including Hong Kong, to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus may lead to elevated concentrations of disinfectants in domestic sewage and surface runoff in Hong Kong, generating large quantities of toxic disinfection byproducts. Our study investigated the presence and distribution of four trihalomethanes (THMs), six haloacetic acids (HAAs), and eight nitrosamines (NAMs) in rivers and seawater in Hong Kong. The concentrations of THMs (mean concentration: 1.6 µg/L [seawater], 3.0 µg/L [river water]), HAAs (mean concentration: 1.4 µg/L [seawater], 1.9 µg/L [river water]), and NAMs (mean concentration: 4.4 ng/L [seawater], 5.6 ng/L [river water]) did not significantly differ between river water and seawater. The total disinfection byproduct content in river water in Hong Kong was similar to that in Wuhan and Beijing (People's Republic of China), and the total THM concentration in seawater was significantly higher than that before the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the regulated disinfection byproducts, none of the surface water samples exceeded the maximum index values for THM4 (80 μg/L), HAA5 (60 μg/L), and nitrosodimethylamine (100 ng/L) in drinking water. Among the disinfection byproducts detected, bromoform in rivers and seawater poses the highest risk to aquatic organisms, which warrants attention and mitigation efforts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2613-2621. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoN.T., Hong Kong SARChina
- School of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li‐Xin Hu
- School of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoN.T., Hong Kong SARChina
| | - Guang‐Guo Ying
- School of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Eric P. K. Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoN.T., Hong Kong SARChina
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, the Catalan Autonomous Government within the framework of the Research Centers Network ProgramScientific and Technological Park of the University of GironaGironaSpain
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental ChemistryInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water ResearchBarcelonaSpain
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