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Zheng L, Wu H, Ding A, Tan Q, Wang X, Xing Y, Tian Q, Zhang Y. Optimization of operating parameters and microbiological mechanism of a low C/N wastewater treatment system dominated by iron-dependent autotrophic denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118419. [PMID: 38316389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Ferrous iron (Fe2+) reduces the amount of external carbon source used for the denitrification of low-C/N wastewater. The effects of key operating parameters on the efficiency of ferrous-dependent autotrophic denitrification (FDAD) and the functioning mechanism of the microbiome can provide a regulatory strategy for improving the denitrification efficiency of low C/N wastewater. In this study, the response surface method (RSM) was used to explore the influence of four important parameters-the molar ratio of Fe2+ to NO3--N (Fe/N), total organic carbon (TOC), the molar ratio of inorganic carbon to NO3--N (IC/N) and sludge volume (SV, %)-on the FDAD efficiency. Functional prediction and molecular ecological networks based on high-throughputs sequencing techniques were used to explore changes in the structure, function, and biomarkers of the sludge microbial community. The results showed that Fe/N and TOC were the main parameters affecting FDAD efficiency. Higher concentrations of TOC and high Fe/N ratios provided more electron donors and improved denitrification efficiency, but weakened the importance of biomarkers (Rhodanobacter, Thermomonas, Comamonas, Thauera, Geothrix and unclassified genus of family Gallionellaceae) in the sludge ecological network. When Fe/N > 4, the denitrification efficiency fluctuated significantly. Functional prediction results indicated that genes that dominated N2O and NO reduction and the genes that dominated Fe2+ transport showed a slight decrease in abundance at high Fe/N levels. In light of these findings, we recommend the following optimization ranges of parameters: Fe/N (3.5-4); TOC/N (0.36-0.42); IC/N (3.5-4); and SV (approximately 35%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qiuyang Tan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuzi Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Tian
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Niu J, Wan Y, Ma Z, Wang Z, Dong W, Su X, Shen X, Zhai Y. Driving mechanism of different nutrient conditions on microbial mediated nitrate reduction in magnetite-present river infiltration zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171963. [PMID: 38537835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Significant research is focused on the ability of riparian zones to reduce groundwater nitrate contamination. Owing to the extremely high redox activity of nitrate, naturally existing electron donors, such as organic matter and iron minerals, are crucial in facilitating nitrate reduction in the riparian zone. Here, we examined the coexistence of magnetite, an iron mineral, and nitrate, a frequently observed coexisting system in sediments, to investigate nitrate reduction features at various C/N ratios and evaluate the response of microbial communities to these settings. Additionally, we aimed to use this information as a foundation for examining the effect of nutritional conditions on the nitrate reduction process in magnetite-present environments. These results emphasise the significance of organic matter in enabling dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and enhancing the connection between nitrate reduction and iron in sedimentary environments. In the later phases of nitrate reduction, nitrogen fixation was the prevailing process in low-carbon environments, whereas high-carbon environments tended to facilitate the breakdown of organic nitrogen. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed a robust association between C/N ratios and alterations in microbial community composition, providing insights into notable modifications in essential functioning microorganisms. The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ralstonia is more abundant in ecosystems with scarce organic matter. In contrast, in settings rich in organic matter, microorganisms, such as Acinetobacter and Clostridia, which may produce ammonia, play crucial roles. Moreover, the population of iron bacteria grows in such an environment. Hence, this study proposes that C/N ratios can influence Fe(II)/Fe(III) conversions and simultaneously affect the process of nitrate reduction by shaping the composition of specific microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Niu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Wan
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Ma
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosi Su
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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González M, Cerda Á, Rodríguez C, Serrano J, Leiva E. Coupling of the Feammox - Anammox pathways by using a sequential discontinuous bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130334. [PMID: 38242238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Treating nitrogenous compounds in wastewater is a contemporary challenge, prompting novel approaches for ammonium (NH4+) conversion to molecular nitrogen (N2). This study explores the classic anaerobic ammonium oxidation process (Anammox) coupled to the iron-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation process (Feammox) in a sequential discontinuous bioreactor (SBR) for NH4+ removal. Feammox and Anammox cultures were individually enriched and combined, optimizing the coupling, and identifying key variables influencing the enrichment process. Adding sodium acetate as a carbon source significantly reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+, indicating Feammox activity. Both Anammox and Feammox processes were successfully operated in SBRs, achieving efficient NH4+ removal (Anammox: 64.6 %; Feammox: 43.4 %). Combining these pathways in a single SBR enhances the NH4+ removal capacity of 50.8 %, improving Feammox efficiency. The Feammox process coupled with Anammox may generate the nitrite (NO2-) needed for Anammox. This research contributes to biotechnological advancements for sustainable nitrogenous compound treatment in SBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ámbar Cerda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carolina Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jennyfer Serrano
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Leiva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
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Wang Y, Long C, Yin L, Liu R, Liao Y, He G, Liu Z. Effects of simulated acid rain on hydrochemical factors and microbial community structure in red soil aquifers. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4482-4491. [PMID: 38312729 PMCID: PMC10835706 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08820k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid rain can lower the pH of groundwater and affect its hydrogeochemistry and microbial ecology. However, the effects of acid rain on the hydrogeochemistry and microbial ecology of red soil groundwater systems in southern China are poorly understood. Previous research had mainly investigated the sources and patterns of groundwater acidification, but not the microbial mechanisms that contribute to this process and their associations with hydrochemical factors. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a soil column experiment to simulate the infiltration of acid rain through various filter materials (coarse, medium, and fine sand) and to examine the hydrochemical and microbial features of the infiltrate, which can reveal how simulated acid rain (pH 3.5-7.0) alters the hydrochemistry and microbial community composition in red soil aquifers. The results showed that the pH of the leachate decreased due to simulated acid rain, and that the leaching efficiency of nitrogen and metal ions was influenced by the particle size of the filter media. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the leachate was dominated by Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, with Proteobacteria accounting for 67.04-74.69% of the bacterial community and containing a high proportion of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Additionally, several genera with heavy metal tolerance, such as Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Delftia, Methylversatilis, Aquicella, and Ralstonia, were widely distributed in the leachate, indicating the strong adaptive capacity of the microbial population. A correlation analysis between the hydrochemical factors and the microbial community structure revealed that pH was the most influential factor, followed by NO2--N, Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, and others. These results indicate that acidification modifies the hydrochemical conditions of the aquifer, creating an environment that is unfavorable for microbial growth and survival. However, some microorganisms may acquire resistance genes to cope with environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Wang
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi China
| | - Chao Long
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi China
| | - Renlu Liu
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi China
| | - Yonghui Liao
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi China
| | - Genhe He
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University Ji'an Jiangxi China
- School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi China
- School of Hydraulic & Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang China
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Cisternas J, Rodríguez C, Serrano J, Leiva E. Study of the key biotic and abiotic parameters influencing ammonium removal from wastewaters by Fe 3+-mediated anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Feammox). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139463. [PMID: 37480952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The release of ammonia (as NH4+) into water bodies causes serious environmental problems. Therefore, the removal of ammonia from wastewater effluents has become a worldwide concern. New autotrophic biological alternatives for ammonia removal could reduce the limitations of conventional organic carbon-dependent nitrification-denitrification methods. Here, the potential of anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to Fe3+ reduction (a process known as Feammox) is studied in wastewater treatment plants of the yeast and beer production industry, not related to ammonium or iron treatment. This process is presented as a viable option to improve the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. The results of this study show that enrichments under Feammox conditions achieved removals of 28.19-32.25% of the total NH4+. The highest rates of ammonium removal and Fe3+ reduction were achieved using FeCl3 as iron source and pH = 7.0. Different environmental conditions for the enrichments were studied and it was found that the use of sodium acetate as a carbon source and an incubation temperature of 35 °C presented higher rates of iron reduction and higher increase in nitrate concentration, related to ammonium oxidative processes. Likewise, the presence of relevant species of the iron and nitrogen cycles as Ferrovum myxofaciens, Geobacter spp, Shewanella spp, Albidiferax ferrireducens and Anammox was verified, supporting the findings of this study. These results provide information that may be relevant to the potential applicability of Feammox to treat wastewater with high ammonia load and could help develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods for ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cisternas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
| | - Carolina Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jennyfer Serrano
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Leiva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
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6
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Bai Y, Wang S, Zhussupbekova A, Shvets IV, Lee PH, Zhan X. High-rate iron sulfide and sulfur-coupled autotrophic denitrification system: Nutrients removal performance and microbial characterization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119619. [PMID: 36689879 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron sulfides-based autotrophic denitrification (IAD) is a promising technology for nitrate and phosphate removal from low C:N ratio wastewater due to its cost-effectiveness and low sludge production. However, the slow kinetics of IAD, compared to other sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD) processes, limits its engineering application. This study constructed a co-electron-donor (FeS and S0 with a volume ratio of 2:1) iron sulfur autotrophic denitrification (ISAD) biofilter and operated at as short as 1 hr hydraulic retention time (HRT). Long-term operation results showed that the superior total nitrogen and phosphate removals of the ISAD biofilter were 90-100% at 1-12 h HRT, with the highest denitrification rate up to 960 mg/L/d. Considering low sulfate production, HRT of 3 h could be the optimal condition. Such superior performance in the ISAD biofilter was achieved due to the interactions between FeS and S0, which accelerated the denitrification process and maintained the acidity-alkalinity balance. Metagenomic analysis found that the enriched nitrate-dependent iron-oxidizing (NDFO) bacteria (Acinetobacter and Acidovorax), sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) bacteria likely supported stable nitrate reduction. The metabolic pathway analysis showed that completely denitrification and DNRA, coupled with sulfur oxidation, disproportionation, iron oxidation and phosphate precipitation with FeS and S0 as co-electron donors, were responsible for the high-rate nitrate and phosphate removal. This study provides the potential of ISAD as a highly efficient post-denitrification technology and sheds light on the balanced microbial S-N-Fe transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Shun Wang
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | | | - Igor V Shvets
- CRANN, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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Wang Y, Ren S, Wang P, Wang B, Hu K, Li J, Wang Y, Li Z, Li S, Li W, Peng Y. Autotrophic denitrification using Fe(II) as an electron donor: A novel prospective denitrification process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159721. [PMID: 36306837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a newly identified nitrogen loss pathway, the nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation (NDFO) process is emerging as a research hotspot in the field of low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) wastewater treatment. This review article provides an overview of the NDFO process and summarizes the functional microorganisms associated with NDFO from different perspectives. The potential mechanisms by which external factors such as influent pH, influent Fe(II)/N (mol), organic carbon, and chelating agents affect NDFO performance are also thoroughly discussed. As the electron-transfer mechanism of the NDFO process is still largely unknown, the extensive chemical Fe(II)-oxidizing nitrite-reducing pathway (NDFOchem) of the NDFO process is described here, and the potential enzymatic electron transfer mechanisms involved are summarized. On this basis, a three-stage electron transfer pathway applicable to low C/N wastewater is proposed. Furthermore, the impact of Fe(III) mineral products on the NDFO process is revisited, and existing crusting prevention strategies are summarized. Finally, future challenges facing the NDFO process and new research directions are discussed, with the aim of further promoting the development and application of the NDFO process in the field of nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Kaiyao Hu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu membrane science and technology research institute Co.,Ltd., Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yae Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zongxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin/Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sumei Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wang Li
- Taiyuan university of technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuzhuo Peng
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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