1
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Soltanian M, Gitipour S, Baghdadi M, Rtimi S. PFOA-contaminated soil remediation: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34516-y. [PMID: 39088169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater contamination has been raised as a concern due to the capability of posing a risk to human health and ecology, especially in facing highly toxic and emerging pollutants. Because of the prevalent usage of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in industrial and production processes, and subsequently the extent of sites contaminated with these pollutants, cleaning up PFOA polluted sites is paramount. This research provides a review of remediation approaches that have been used, and nine remediation techniques were reviewed under physical, chemical, and biological approaches categorization. As the pollutant specifications, environmental implications, and adverse ecological effects of remediation procedures should be considered in the analysis and evaluation of remediation approaches, unlike previous research that considered a couple of PFAS pollutants and generally dealt with technical issues, in this study, the benefits, drawbacks, and possible environmental and ecological adverse effects of PFOA-contaminated site remediation also were discussed. In the end, in addition to providing sufficient and applicable understanding by comprehensively considering all aspects and field-scale challenges and obstacles, knowledge gaps have been found and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Soltanian
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saeid Gitipour
- Faculty of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Baghdadi
- Faculty of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sami Rtimi
- Global Institute for Water Environment and Health, 1201, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Pervez MN, Jiang T, Mahato JK, Ilango AK, Kumaran Y, Zuo Y, Zhang W, Efstathiadis H, Feldblyum JI, Yigit MV, Liang Y. Surface Modification of Graphene Oxide for Fast Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Mixtures from River Water. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:2968-2980. [PMID: 39021580 PMCID: PMC11249979 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a diverse group of industrially derived organic chemicals that are of significant concern due to their detrimental effects on human health and ecosystems. Although other technologies are available for removing PFAS, adsorption remains a viable and effective method. Accordingly, the current study reported a novel type of graphene oxide (GO)-based adsorbent and tested their removal performance toward removing PFAS from water. Among the eight adsorbents tested, GO modified by a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), GO-CTAC was found to be the best, showing an almost 100% removal for all 11 PFAS tested. The adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating rapid adsorption. The isotherm data were well supported by the Toth model, suggesting that PFAS adsorption onto GO-CTAC involved complex interactions. Detailed characterization using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the proposed adsorption mechanisms, including electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, the performance of GO-CTAC was not influenced by the solution pH, ionic strength, or natural organic matter. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of PFAS at almost 100% in river water demonstrated that GO-CTAC could be a suitable adsorbent for capturing PFAS in real surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nahid Pervez
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jaydev Kumar Mahato
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Aswin Kumar Ilango
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yamini Kumaran
- Department
of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University
at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Weilan Zhang
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Haralabos Efstathiadis
- Department
of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University
at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jeremy I. Feldblyum
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Mehmet V. Yigit
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department
of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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3
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Vakili M, Cagnetta G, Deng S, Wang W, Gholami Z, Gholami F, Dastyar W, Mojiri A, Blaney L. Regeneration of exhausted adsorbents after PFAS adsorption: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134429. [PMID: 38691929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption process efficiently removes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, but managing exhausted adsorbents presents notable environmental and economic challenges. Conventional disposal methods, such as incineration, may reintroduce PFAS into the environment. Therefore, advanced regeneration techniques are imperative to prevent leaching during disposal and enhance sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This review critically evaluates thermal and chemical regeneration approaches for PFAS-laden adsorbents, elucidating their operational mechanisms, the influence of water quality parameters, and their inherent advantages and limitations. Thermal regeneration achieves notable desorption efficiencies, reaching up to 99% for activated carbon. However, it requires significant energy input and risks compromising the adsorbent's structural integrity, resulting in considerable mass loss (10-20%). In contrast, chemical regeneration presents a diverse efficiency landscape across different regenerants, including water, acidic/basic, salt, solvent, and multi-component solutions. Multi-component solutions demonstrate superior efficiency (>90%) compared to solvent-based solutions (12.50%), which, in turn, outperform salt (2.34%), acidic/basic (1.17%), and water (0.40%) regenerants. This hierarchical effectiveness underscores the nuanced nature of chemical regeneration, significantly influenced by factors such as regenerant composition, the molecular structure of PFAS, and the presence of organic co-contaminants. Exploring the conditional efficacy of thermal and chemical regeneration methods underscores the imperative of strategic selection based on specific types of PFAS and material properties. By emphasizing the limitations and potential of particular regeneration schemes and advocating for future research directions, such as exploring persulfate activation treatments, this review aims to catalyze the development of more effective regeneration processes. The ultimate goal is to ensure water quality and public health protection through environmentally sound solutions for PFAS remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Zahra Gholami
- ORLEN UniCRE, a.s, Revoluční 1521/84, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Klatovská 51, Plzeň 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wafa Dastyar
- Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering Department, McArthur Engineering Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Amin Mojiri
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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4
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Rekik H, Arab H, Pichon L, El Khakani MA, Drogui P. Per-and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) eternal pollutants: Sources, environmental impacts and treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142044. [PMID: 38648982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become a growing environmental concern due to their tangible impacts on human health. However, due to the large number of PFAS compounds and the analytical difficulty to identify all of them, there are still some knowledge gaps not only on their impact on human health, but also on how to manage them and achieve their effective degradation. PFAS compounds originate from man-made chemicals that are resistant to degradation because of the presence of the strong carbon-fluorine bonds in their chemical structure. This review consists of two parts. In the first part, the environmental effects of fluorinated compound contamination in water are covered with the objective to highlight how their presence in the environment adversely impacts the human health. In the second part, the focus is put on the different techniques available for the degradation and/or separation of PFAS compounds in different types of waters. Examples of removal/treatment of PFAS present in either surface or ground water are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Rekik
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec (QC), G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Hamed Arab
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec (QC), G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Loick Pichon
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, Blvd, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X-1P7, Canada
| | - My Ali El Khakani
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, Blvd, Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X-1P7, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec (QC), G1K 9A9, Canada.
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5
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Trzcinski AP, Harada KH. Comparison of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) removal in a combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172184. [PMID: 38575007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on three of the most studied PFAS molecules, namely perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). They were compared in terms of their adsorption capacity onto graphite intercalated compound (GIC), a low surface area, highly conductive and cheap adsorbent. The adsorption on GIC followed a pseudo second order kinetics and the maximum adsorption capacity using Langmuir was 53.9 μg/g for PFOS, 22.3 μg/g for PFOA and 0.985 μg/g for PFBS due to electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interactions. GIC was added into an electrochemical oxidation reactor and >100 μg/L PFOS was found to be fully degraded (<10 ng/L) leaving degradation by-products such as PFHpS, PFHxS, PFPeS, PFBS, PFOA, PFHxA and PFBA below 100 ng/L after 5 cycles of adsorption onto GIC for 20 min followed by regeneration at 28 mA/cm2 for 10 min. PFBS was completely removed due to degradation by aqueous electrons on GIC flakes. Up to 98 % PFOA was removed by the process after 3 cycles of adsorption onto GIC for 20 min followed by regeneration at 25 mA/cm2 for 10 min. When PFBS was spiked individually, only 17 % was removed due to poor adsorption on GIC. There was a drop of 3-40 % by treating PFOS, PFOA and smaller sulfonates in a real water matrix under the same electrochemical conditions (20 mA/cm2), but PFOS and PFOA removal percentage were 95 and 68 % after 20 min at 20 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P Trzcinski
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of health and environmental sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Trzcinski AP, Harada K. Combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using graphite intercalated compound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19946-19960. [PMID: 38367112 PMCID: PMC10927886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a bioaccumulative synthetic chemical containing strong C-F bonds and is one of the most common per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detected in the environment. Graphite intercalated compound (GIC) flakes were used to adsorb and degrade PFOA through electrochemical oxidation. The adsorption followed the Langmuir model with a loading capacity of 2.6 µg PFOA g-1 GIC and a second-order kinetics (3.354 g µg-1 min-1). 99.4% of PFOA was removed by the process with a half-life of 15 min. When PFOA molecules broke down, they released various by-products, such as short-chain perfluoro carboxylic acids like PFHpA, PFHxA, and PFBA. This breakdown indicates the cleavage of the perfluorocarbon chain and the release of CF2 units, suggesting a transformation or degradation of the original compound into these smaller acids. Shorter-chain perfluorinated compounds had slower degradation rates compared to longer-chain ones. Combining these two methods (adsorption and in situ electrochemical oxidation) was found to be advantageous because adsorption can initially concentrate the PFOA molecules, making it easier for the electrochemical process to target and degrade them. The electrochemical process can potentially break down or transform the PFAS compounds into less harmful substances through oxidation or other reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P Trzcinski
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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7
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Li S, Ma J, Cheng J, Wu G, Wang S, Huang C, Li J, Chen L. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for the Adsorption Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38301280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The increasing health risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment highlight the importance of implementing effective removal techniques. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are inadequate for removing persistent organic pollutants. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of removing PFASs from water through adsorption techniques. However, there is still constructive discussion on the potential of MOFs in adsorbing and removing PFASs for large-scale engineering applications. This review systematically investigates the use of MOFs as adsorbents for the removal of PFAS in water treatment. This primarily involved a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to understand the adsorption mechanisms of MOFs and to identify factors that enhance their efficiency in removing PFASs. We also explore the critical aspects of regeneration and stability of MOFs, assessing their reusability and long-term performance, which are essential for large-scale water treatment applications. Finally, our study highlights the challenges of removing PFASs using MOFs. Especially, the efficient removal of short-chain PFASs with hydrophilicity is a major challenge, while medium- to long-chain PFASs are frequently susceptible to being captured from water by MOFs through multiple synergistic effects. The ion-exchange force may be the key to solving this difficulty, but its susceptibility to ion interference in water needs to be addressed in practical applications. We hope that this review can provide valuable insights into the effective removal and adsorption mechanisms of PFASs as well as advance the sustainable utilization of MOFs in the field of water treatment, thereby presenting a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Cheng
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Gege Wu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Wang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Huang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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8
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Pramanik A, Kolawole OP, Gates K, Kundu S, Shukla MK, Moser RD, Ucak-Astarlioglu M, Al-Ostaz A, Ray PC. 2D Fluorinated Graphene Oxide (FGO)-Polyethyleneimine (PEI) Based 3D Porous Nanoplatform for Effective Removal of Forever Toxic Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Toxins, and Waterborne Pathogens from Environmental Water Samples. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44942-44954. [PMID: 38046318 PMCID: PMC10688155 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although water is essential for life, as per the United Nations, around 2 billion people in this world lack access to safely managed drinking water services at home. Herein we report the development of a two-dimensional (2D) fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) and polyethylenimine (PEI) based three-dimensional (3D) porous nanoplatform for the effective removal of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceutical toxins, and waterborne pathogens from contaminated water. Experimental data show that the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform has an estimated adsorption capacity (qm) of ∼219 mg g-1 for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and can be used for 99% removal of several short- and long-chain PFAS. A comparative PFNA capturing study using different types of nanoplatforms indicates that the qm value is in the order FGO-PEI > FGO > GO-PEI, which indicates that fluorophilic, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions play important roles for the removal of PFAS. Reported data show that the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform has a capability for 100% removal of moxifloxacin antibiotics with an estimated qm of ∼299 mg g-1. Furthermore, because the pore size of the nanoplatform is much smaller than the size of pathogens, it has a capability for 100% removal of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from water. Moreover, reported data show around 96% removal of PFAS, pharmaceutical toxins, and pathogens simultaneously from spiked river, lake, and tap water samples using the nanoplatform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Pramanik
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Olorunsola Praise Kolawole
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Kaelin Gates
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Sanchita Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Manoj K. Shukla
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Robert D Moser
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu
- US
Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Ostaz
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Paresh Chandra Ray
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State
University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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9
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Wang X, Zhang H, Ham S, Qiao R. Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives as Adsorbents for PFOA Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9620-9629. [PMID: 37883484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Effective, low-cost adsorbents are needed to remove perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water sources. Carbon-based materials are promising PFAS adsorbents. Here, we explore the potential of graphite oxide (GO) and its derivatives as PFAS adsorbents by studying the adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a model PFAS molecule, on GO surfaces with O/C ratios up to 16.7% using molecular dynamics simulations. An adsorption free energy of approximately -30 kJ/mol (or -310 meV) is obtained for pristine graphene in pure water, and adsorbed PFOA molecules diffuse rapidly. As the O/C ratio increases, hydrophobic interactions' contribution to PFOA adsorption diminishes, but that by electrostatic interactions becomes important. Overall, adsorption is weakened, but favorable adsorption still occurs at an O/C ratio of 16.7%. The in-plane diffusion coefficient of adsorbed PFOA molecules decreases by more than 45 times as the O/C ratio increases to 8.3% but increases significantly when the O/C ratio increases further to 16.7%. Adding salt improves the adsorption owing to the salting-out and screening effects but slows the diffusion of adsorbed PFOA molecules, and these effects are more pronounced at low O/C ratios. These results show that GOs are effective PFOA adsorbents. Such effectiveness, along with GO's potentially low cost and the possibility of regenerating spent GO by removing adsorbed PFOA molecules through a mild electrical potential, makes GO a promising adsorbent for PFOA and similar molecules. The insights from the present study can help the rational design of GOs to realize their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Seokgyun Ham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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10
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Zango ZU, Ethiraj B, Al-Mubaddel FS, Alam MM, Lawal MA, Kadir HA, Khoo KS, Garba ZN, Usman F, Zango MU, Lim JW. An overview on human exposure, toxicity, solid-phase microextraction and adsorptive removal of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) from water matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116102. [PMID: 37196688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are sub-class of perfluoroalkyl substances commonly detected in water matrices. They are persistent in the environment, hence highly toxic to living organisms. Their occurrence at trace amount, complex nature and prone to matrix interference make their extraction and detection a challenge. This study consolidates current advancements in solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques for the trace-level analysis of PFCAs from water matrices. The advantages of the methods in terms of ease of applications, low-cost, robustness, low solvents consumption, high pre-concentration factors, better extraction efficiency, good selectivity and recovery of the analytes have been emphasized. The article also demonstrated effectiveness of some porous materials for the adsorptive removal of the PFCAs from the water matrices. Mechanisms of the SPE/adsorption techniques have been discussed. The success and limitations of the processes have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria; Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria.
| | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Fahad S Al-Mubaddel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Fellow, King Abdullah City for Renewable and Atomic Energy: Energy Research and Innovation Center, (ERIC), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haliru Aivada Kadir
- Department of Quality Assurance and Control, Dangote Cement Plc, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | - Fahad Usman
- Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Muttaqa Uba Zango
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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11
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ozaki N, KarimiDermani B, Razmi E, Kasmuri N. Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environments and their removal by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138666. [PMID: 37068615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), one of the main categories of emerging contaminants, are a family of fluorinated organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. PFAS can endanger the environment and human health because of their wide application in industries, long-term persistence, unique properties, and bioaccumulation potential. This study sought to explain the accumulation of different PFAS in water bodies. In aquatic environments, PFAS concentrations range extensively from <0.03 (groundwater; Melbourne, Australia) to 51,000 ng/L (Groundwater, Sweden). Additionally, bioaccumulation of PFAS in fish and water biota has been stated to range from 0.2 (Burbot, Lake Vättern, Sweden) to 13,900 ng/g (Bluegill samples, U.S.). Recently, studies have focused on PFAS removal from aqueous solutions; one promising technique is advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including microwaves, ultrasound, ozonation, photocatalysis, UV, electrochemical oxidation, the Fenton process, and hydrogen peroxide-based and sulfate radical-based systems. The removal efficiency of PFAS ranges from 3% (for MW) to 100% for UV/sulfate radical as a hybrid reactor. Therefore, a hybrid reactor can be used to efficiently degrade and remove PFAS. Developing novel, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable AOPs for PFAS degradation in water treatment systems is a critical area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bahareh KarimiDermani
- Department of Geological Sciences, Hydrogeology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Elham Razmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norhafezah Kasmuri
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lei X, Lian Q, Zhang X, Karsili TK, Holmes W, Chen Y, Zappi ME, Gang DD. A review of PFAS adsorption from aqueous solutions: Current approaches, engineering applications, challenges, and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121138. [PMID: 36702432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have drawn great attention due to their wide distribution in water bodies and toxicity to human beings. Adsorption is considered as an efficient treatment technique for meeting the increasingly stringent environmental and health standards for PFAS. This paper systematically reviewed the current approaches of PFAS adsorption using different adsorbents from drinking water as well as synthetic and real wastewater. Adsorbents with large mesopores and high specific surface area adsorb PFAS faster, their adsorption capacities are higher, and the adsorption process are usually more effective under low pH conditions. PFAS adsorption mechanisms mainly include electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange, and ligand exchange. Various adsorbents show promising performances but challenges such as requirements of organic solvents in regeneration, low adsorption selectivity, and complicated adsorbent preparations should be addressed before large scale implementation. Moreover, the aid of decision-making tools including response surface methodology (RSM), techno-economic assessment (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were discussed for engineering applications. The use of these tools is highly recommended prior to scale-up to determine if the specific adsorption process is economically feasible and sustainable. This critical review presented insights into the most fundamental aspects of PFAS adsorption that would be helpful to the development of effective adsorbents for the removal of PFAS in future studies and provide opportunities for large-scale engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Tolga K Karsili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - William Holmes
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Yushun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
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