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Xing D, Zhao T, Tan X, Liu J, Wu S, Xu J, Yan M, Sun B, Liu S, Zheng P. Microplastics in tea from planting to the final tea product: Traceability, characteristics and dietary exposure risk analysis. Food Chem 2024; 455:139636. [PMID: 38833871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Tea, sold as tea bags or loose tea, is a popular drink worldwide. We quantified microplastics in loose tea during various stages of production, from planting to processing and brewing. The quantity of microplastics in tea ranged from (70-3472 pcs/kg), with the highest abundance detected during processing, mainly in the rolling stage (2266 ± 1206 pcs/kg tea). Scanning electron microcopy revealed scratches and pits on the surface of microplastics fibers from tea plantation soil and processed tea, and their degradation was characterized by cracks and fractures. Exposure risks, based on an estimated dietary intake of 0.0538-0.0967 and 0.0101-0.0181 pcs /kg body weight /day for children and adults, respectively, are considered very low. This study not only evaluates the extent of research on microplastics pollution in tea, but also assess the risk of people's exposure to microplastics through drinking tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiman Xing
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Tangmilan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xindong Tan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihan Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Muting Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Binmei Sun
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shaoqun Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Junaid M, Liu S, Liao H, Yue Q, Wang J. Environmental nanoplastics quantification by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the Pearl River, China: First insights into spatiotemporal distributions, compositions, sources and risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135055. [PMID: 38941826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs, size <1000 nm) are ubiquitous plastic particles, potentially more abundant than microplastics in the environment; however, studies highlighting their distribution dynamics in freshwater are rare due to analytical limitations. Here, we investigated spatiotemporal levels of nine polymers of NPs in surface water samples (n = 30) from the full stretch of the Pearl River (sites, n = 15) using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Six polymers were detected, including polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon/polyamide 66 (PA66), polyester (PES), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene (PE), where three polymers showed high detection frequencies; PS (100 % in winter and summer), followed by PVC (73 % in winter and 87 % in summer) and PA66 (53 % in winter and 67 % in summer). The spatiotemporal distribution revealed the sites related to aquaculture (AQ) and shipping (SHP) showed higher NP levels than those of human settlement (HS) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (p = 0.004), and relatively high average levels of NPs in the urban sites compared to rural sites (p = 0.04), albeit showed no obvious seasonal differences (p = 0.78). For instance, the average PS levels in the Pearl River were in the following order: AQ 411.55 µg/L > SHP 81.75 µg/L > WWTP 56.66 µg/L > HS 47.75 µg/L in summer and HS 188.1 µg/L > SHP 103.55 µg/L > AQ 74.7 µg/L > WWTP 62.1 µg/L in winter. Source apportionment showed a higher contribution through domestic plastic waste emissions among urban sites, while rural sites showed an elevated contribution via aquaculture, agriculture, and surface run-off to the NP pollution. Risk assessment revealed that NPs at SHP and AQ sites posed a higher integrated risk in terms of pollution load index (PLI) than those at WWTP and HS sites. Regarding polymer hazard index (HI), 80 % of sampling sites in summer and 60 % of sampling sites in winter posed level III polymer risk, with PVC posing the highest risk. This study provides novel insights into the seasonal contamination and polymer risks of NP in the Pearl River, which will help to regulate the production and consumption of plastics in the region. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: The contamination dynamics of field nanoplastics (NPs) in freshwater resources remain little understood, mainly attributed to analytical constraints. This study aims to highlight the spatiotemporal distribution of NPs in the Pearl River among various land use types, urban-rural comparison, seasonal comparison, their compositional profiles, potential sources, interaction with environmental factors, and ecological and polymer hazard assessments of investigated polymers in the full stretch of the Pearl River from Liuxi Reservoir to the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. This study, with a comparatively large number of samples and NP polymers, will offer novel insights into the contamination profiles of nano-sized plastic particles in one of the important freshwater riverine systems in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hongping Liao
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Zhou Z, Song X, Dong D, Li X, Sun Y, Wang L, Huang Z, Li M. Occurrence, distribution and sources of microplastics in typical marine recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in China: The critical role of RAS operating time and microfilter. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121476. [PMID: 38503181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Industrial mariculture, a vital means of providing high quality protein to humans, is a potential source of microplastics (MPs) which have recently received increasing attention. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in feed, source water and recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with long & short operating times as well as in fish from typical industrial mariculture farms in China. Results showed that microplastics occurred in all samples with the average concentration of 3.53 ± 1.39 particles/g, 0.70 ± 0.17 particles/L, 1.53 ± 0.21 particles/L and 2.21 ± 0.62 particles/individual for feed, source water, RAS and fish, respectively. Microplastics were mainly fiber in shape, blue in color and 20-500 μm in size. Compared with short operated RAS, long operating time led to higher microplastic concentration in RAS, especially that of microplastic in 20-500 μm, granular and blue. Regardless of short or long operating time, microplastics in RAS mainly gathered in culture tank, tank before microfilter and fixed-bed biological filter, and the microfilter removed efficiently the microplastic with the shape of film, granule, fragment as well as those with size > 1000 μm. As for the polymer types, polyamide (PA, 71.9 %) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 65.7 %) dominated in feed and source water, respectively, which may be the reason for the high proportion of PA (38.8 % and 26.4 %) and PET (31.8 % and 30.2 %) in RAS and fish. In addition, polypropylene (PP) was also detected in RAS (18.7 %) and fish (22.6 %), indicating that other plastic facilities such as PP brush carrier also made a contribution. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed three sources of MP in RAS, namely plastic facilities, industrial sewage and plastic packaging products. Our results provided a theoretical basis for the management of MP in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiefa Song
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Dengpan Dong
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Liwei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhitao Huang
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Thormøhlengate 53 D, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Meng Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Nohara NML, Ariza-Tarazona MC, Triboni ER, Nohara EL, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Cedillo-González EI. Are you drowned in microplastic pollution? A brief insight on the current knowledge for early career researchers developing novel remediation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170382. [PMID: 38307272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) composed of different polymers with various shapes, within a vast granulometric distribution (1 μm - 5 mm) and with a wide variety of physicochemical surface and bulk characteristics spiral around the globe, with different atmospheric, oceanic, cryospheric, and terrestrial residence times, while interacting with other pollutants and biota. The challenges of microplastic pollution are related to the complex relationships between the microplastic generation mechanisms (physical, chemical, and biological), their physicochemical properties, their interactions with other pollutants and microorganisms, the changes in their properties with aging, and their small sizes that facilitate their diffusion and transportation between the air, water, land, and biota, thereby promoting their ubiquity. Early career researchers (ERCs) constitute an essential part of the scientific community committed to overcoming the challenges of microplastic pollution with their new ideas and innovative scientific perspectives for the development of remediation technologies. However, because of the enormous amount of scientific information available, it may be difficult for ERCs to determine the complexity of this environmental issue. This mini-review aims to provide a quick and updated overview of the essential insights of microplastic pollution to ERCs to help them acquire the background needed to develop highly innovative physical, chemical, and biological remediation technologies, as well as valorization proposals and environmental education and awareness campaigns. Moreover, the recommendations for the development of holistic microplastic pollution remediation strategies presented here can help ERCs propose technologies considering the environmental, social, and practical dimensions of microplastic pollution while fulfilling the current government policies to manage this plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Milhardo Lourenço Nohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Eduardo Rezende Triboni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luís Nohara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Taubaté, R. Daniel Daneli, no number, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
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Akca MO, Gündoğdu S, Akca H, Delialioğlu RA, Aksit C, Turgay OC, Harada N. An evaluation on microplastic accumulations in Turkish soils under different land uses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168609. [PMID: 37984660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is now widely reported in soil ecosystems. However, the level of this pollution in soil ecosystems has not been sufficiently elucidated. Moreover, there is little understanding of how land use conditions affect the occurrence and distribution of MPs in soils. Therefore, this study examined 55 soil samples (44 agricultural and 11 urban) from the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara regions of Türkiye, representing both agricultural and urban land uses. The samples were analyzed for MP distribution characteristics, such as abundance, shape, size, color, and type. Different types of MPs were detected in the soil samples, and their averages in agricultural and urban soils were 192.7 ± 14.2 and 127.3 ± 21.6 particles kg-1, respectively. MP abundance in the soil exhibited variations between different land uses, with agricultural areas showing higher levels compared to urban areas. In agricultural soils, MPs were predominantly blue-colored (44.6 %), in the form of fibers (74.9 %), smaller than 1000 μm (66.1 %), and primarily constituted polyethylene (90.8 %). In urban areas, MPs were also blue-colored (54.7 %), had a fiber shape (64.2 %), smaller than 1000 μm (70.6 %), and mostly belonged to the polyethylene category (78.5 %). A significant difference in MP concentrations was observed between agricultural and urban areas, reflecting the influence of distinct land uses on MP levels. Moreover, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that soil properties, including pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, aggregate stability, average weight diameter, sand, clay, and silt, emerged as the primary determinants influencing the abundance and size of MPs within the soil. These findings contribute valuable insights into the origins of soil MPs and the intricate connections between MPs and varying soil characteristics across diverse land use categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Onur Akca
- Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 06110 Ankara, Türkiye; Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 950-2181 Niigata, Japan.
| | - Sedat Gündoğdu
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, 01330 Adana, Türkiye
| | - Hanife Akca
- Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 06110 Ankara, Türkiye; Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 950-2181 Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Cenk Aksit
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research And Policies, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Oguz Can Turgay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 06110 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Naoki Harada
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 950-2181 Niigata, Japan
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Zhang Z, Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang J. The occurrence and distributions characteristics of microplastics in soils of different land use patterns in Karst Plateau, Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167651. [PMID: 37813260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in soils have attracted attention worldwide. However, there are few studies on the abundance and morphological characteristics of MPs under different land use patterns in karst areas. In this work, the distribution characteristics of MPs in soils from five different land use patterns, including industrial mining warehouse (IW), cropland (CL), forest land (FL), grassland (GL), and garden land (GP) in karst mountainous areas of southwest China were investigated. The results suggested that soils in Karst Plateau of Guizhou province under different land use patterns have all been polluted by MPs. The average microplastic abundances of IW, CL, FL, GL, and GP were 3114, 2948, 2770, 2718, and 4200 item kg-1. In the GP and GL soils, foam was the dominant form of MPs (47.53 % and 45.92 %), with pellet MPs accounting for the smallest proportion, while in IW, CL, and FL soils showed the opposite result. The MPs in all soil samples were dominated by small particles (0-0.5 mm), and the main components were PE, PP, PVC, and PET. Meanwhile, the characteristics of MPs in CL soils varied depending on the planted crops. The average abundances of soil microplastics in farmlands planted with corn, pepper, cabbage, watermelon, and other crops were 2504, 2792, 2987, 2370, and 3655 item kg -1. We suggested that land use pattern and crop type may influence karst soil microplastic contamination. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding and controlling the distribution, degradation, and migration of MP pollution in karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fudong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuyuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiachun Zhang
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550004, China.
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Qiu Y, Zhou S, Zhang C, Chen L, Qin W, Zhang Q. Vertical distribution and weathering characteristic of microplastics in soil profile of different land use types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166902. [PMID: 37709069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
After deposition on the topsoil, microplastics (MPs) may be vertically migrated to deeper soil layers over time or eventually enter the groundwater system, leading to more widespread environmental and ecological issues. However, the vertical distribution of MPs in natural soils are not yet fully understood. In this study, we collected soil profiles (0-100 cm) from four different land use types on the west bank of Taihu Lake in China to investigate the vertical distribution and weathering characteristics of MPs. The average abundance of soil MPs followed the pattern of paddy field (490 ± 82 items/kg) > dryland (356 ± 55 items/kg) > tea garden (306 ± 32 items/kg) > woodland (171 ± 27 items/kg) in the 0-10 cm layer, and the abundance of MPs decreased linearly with soil depth (r = -0.89, p < 0.01). Compared to tea garden and woodland, MPs in dryland and paddy field have migrated to deeper soil layers (80-100 cm). The carbonyl index of polyethylene and polypropylene MPs increased significantly with soil depth (r = 0.96, p < 0.01), with values of 0.58 ± 0.30 and 0.54 ± 0.33, respectively. The significant negative correlation between MPs size and carbonyl index confirmed that small-sized MPs in deeper soil layers originated from the weathering and fragmentation of MPs in topsoil. The results of structural equation model showed that roots and soil aggregates may act as filters during the vertical migration of MPs. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the environmental fate of MPs in soil and the assessment of associated ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qiu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Wendong Qin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China
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Mohan K, Lakshmanan VR. A critical review of the recent trends in source tracing of microplastics in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117394. [PMID: 37838194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are found across the globe because of their size and ability to transport across environments. The effects of microplastics on the micro- and macro-organisms have brought out concern over the potential risk to human health and the need to regulate their distribution at the source. Control of microplastic pollution requires region-specific management and mitigation strategies which can be developed with the information on sources and their contributions. This review provides an overview of the sources, fate, and distribution of microplastics along with techniques to source-trace microplastics. Source-tracing approaches provide both qualitative and quantitive information. Since better outcomes have been produced by the integration of techniques like backward trajectory analysis with cluster analysis, the significance of integrated and multi-dimensional approaches has been emphasized. The scope of the plastisphere, heavy metal, and biofilm microbial community in tracing the sources of microplastics are also highlighted. The present review allows the researchers and policymakers to understand the recent trends in the source-tracing of microplastics which will help them to develop techniques and comprehensive action plans to limit the microplastic discharge at sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Mohan
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Vignesh Rajkumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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Ling Q, Yang B, Jiao J, Ma X, Zhao W, Zhang X. Response of microplastic occurrence and migration to heavy rainstorm in agricultural catchment on the Loess plateau. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132416. [PMID: 37657328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have received widespread attention as an emerging pollutant in recent years, but limited studies have explored their response to extreme weather. This study surveyed and analyzed the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in a typical agricultural catchment located on the Loess Plateau, focusing on their response to heavy rainstorms. Microplastics were detected in all soil samples with an abundance of 70-4020 items/kg, and particles less than 0.5 mm accounted for 81.61 % of the total microplastics. The main colors of microplastic were white, yellow, and transparent, accounting for 38.50 %, 32.90 %, and 21.05 % respectively, and the main shapes were film and fragment, accounting for 47.65 % and 30.81 %. Low density polyethylene was the main component of microplastics identified using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The extensive use of plastic mulch film is a major contributor to microplastic pollution in this catchment. The differences and connections observed in microplastics imply mutual migration and deposition within the catchment. A check dam at the outlet effectively intercepts microplastics during the rainstorm, reducing the microplastic by at least 6.1 × 1010 items downstream. This study provides a reference for the effects of rainstorms on the sources and pathways of MP pollution in regions prone to severe soil erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sci and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Reso Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sci and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Reso Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaowu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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