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Kawakami SK, Mello LH, Carmo AMC, Sótão Neto BMT, Aquino RFO, Taniguchi S, Figueira RCL, Montone RC. Background of persistent organic pollutants in estuarine sediments from the Marajó Island, an Amazonian environmental protection area for sustainable use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:65481-65495. [PMID: 39581924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Marajó Island, an environmental protection area for sustainable use in the Brazilian Amazon, was the first region in Brazil to apply the pesticide DDT, a persistent organic pollutant (POP), to control malaria outbreaks. This study investigated background levels of various POPs, including o,p'- and p,p'-DDT and their primary metabolites (o,p'- and p,p'-DDE, o,p'- and p,p'-DDD), as well as hexachlorocyclohexane (α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), using estuarine surface sediments and sediment cores from areas influenced by urbanization and agriculture. All samples were collected during the dry season (September 2014). Surface sediments exhibited ΣDDT concentrations up to 2.71 ng g⁻1, with isomeric ratios indicating past DDT application and contributions from dicofol. Sediment profiles revealed alternating aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes of DDT. Other organochlorinated contaminants were not detected. The presence of γ-HCH as the main isomer (0.24 to 0.90 ng g⁻1) in surface samples suggests recent lindane application as a wood preservative or cattle parasite treatment. A dated sediment core revealed historical contamination of early DDT tests in the Amazon during the mid-1940s. Increasing ΣDDT concentrations (up to 12.3 ng g⁻1) were identified in the 1970s, coinciding with the intensification of DDT use for public health campaigns, which lasted until 2009 and reached the highest ΣDDT flux. Legal restrictions on the use and commercialization of POPs, along with natural degrading processes, likely led to decreased accumulation and limited ecological risks. Furthermore, the low concentrations of POPs suggested biodegradation and dispersion from northeast to southeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia K Kawakami
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Química, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1, Campus Guamá, Belém, PA, CEP, 66075-110, Brasil.
| | - Leonardo H Mello
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 05508-120, Brasil
| | - Alexandre M C Carmo
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Física, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1, Campus Guamá, Belém, PA, CEP, 66075-110, Brasil
| | - Basílio M T Sótão Neto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 05508-120, Brasil
| | - Rafael F O Aquino
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Química, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1, Campus Guamá, Belém, PA, CEP, 66075-110, Brasil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 05508-120, Brasil
| | - Rubens C L Figueira
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 05508-120, Brasil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 05508-120, Brasil
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Soriano Y, Doñate E, Asins S, Andreu V, Picó Y. Fingerprinting of emerging contaminants in L'Albufera natural park (Valencia, Spain): Implications for wetland ecosystem health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143199. [PMID: 39209040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are crucial ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities. L'Albufera Natural Park, the second-largest coastal wetland in Spain, faces significant pressures from surrounding agricultural lands, industrial activities, human settlements, and associated infrastructures, including treated wastewater inputs. This study aimed at (i) establishing pathways of emerging pollutants entering the natural wetland using both target and non-target screening (NTS) for management purposes, (ii) distinguishing specific contamination hotspots through Geographic Information System (GIS) and (iii) performing basic ecological risk assessment to evaluate ecosystem health. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in the spring and summer of 2019, coinciding with the start and end of the rice cultivation season, the region's primary agricultural activity. Each campaign involved the collection of 51 samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was employed, using a simultaneous NTS approach with optimized gradients for pesticides and moderately polar compounds, along with complementary NTS methods for polar compounds, to identify additional contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Quantitative analysis revealed that fungicides comprised a substantial portion of detected CECs, constituting approximately 50% of the total quantified pesticides. Tebuconazole emerged as the predominant fungicide, with the highest mean concentration (>16.9 μg L-1), followed by azoxystrobin and tricyclazole. NTS tentatively identified 16 pesticides, 43 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), 24 industrial compounds, and 12 other CECs with high confidence levels. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated significant contamination predominantly in the southwestern region of the park, gradually diminishing towards the north-eastern outlet. The composition of contaminants varied between water and sediment samples, with pharmaceuticals predominating in water and industrial compounds in sediments. Risk assessment, evaluated through risk quotient calculations based on parent compound concentrations, revealed a decreasing trend towards the outlet, suggesting wetland degradation capacity. However, significant risk levels persist throughout much of the Natural Park, highlighting the urgent need for mitigation measures to safeguard the integrity of this vital ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Soriano
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre-CIDE (CSIC, GV, UV), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emilio Doñate
- Soil and water conservation system group, Desertification Research Centre-CIDE (CSIC, GV, UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabina Asins
- Soil and water conservation system group, Desertification Research Centre-CIDE (CSIC, GV, UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre-CIDE (CSIC, GV, UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre-CIDE (CSIC, GV, UV), Valencia, Spain
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Li L, Guo Z, Deng R, Fan T, Dong D, Dai Y, Li C. The concentrations and behavior of classic phthalates and emerging phthalate alternatives in different environmental matrices and their biological health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46790-46805. [PMID: 38977546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Because of their excellent plasticity, phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used in plastic products. However, due to the recognized toxicity of PAEs and legislative requirements, the production and use of emerging PAE alternatives have rapidly grown, such as di-isononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) which are the primary replacements for classic PAEs. Nowadays, PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are frequently found in a variety of environmental media, including the atmosphere, sludge, rivers, and seawater/sediment. PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are involved in endocrine-disrupting effects, and they affect the reproductive physiology of different species of fish and mammals. Therefore, their presence in the environment is of considerable concern due to their potential effects on ecosystem function and public health. Nevertheless, current research on the prevalence, destiny, and conduct of PAEs in the environment has primarily focused on classic PAEs, with little attention given to emerging PAE alternatives. The present article furnishes a synopsis of the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, transport, fate, and adverse effects of both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives on organisms in the ecosystem. Our analysis reveals that both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are widely distributed in all environmental media, with emerging PAE alternatives increasingly replacing classic PAEs. Various pathways can transform and degrade both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives, and their own and related metabolites can have toxic effects on organisms. This research offers a more extensive comprehension of the health hazards associated with classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ting Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dazhuang Dong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yaodan Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chenxuan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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Zhu C, Yu Z, Chen Y, Pan Y, Yang R, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Distribution patterns and origins of organophosphate esters in soils from different climate systems on the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124085. [PMID: 38697247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are extensively applied in various materials as flame retardants and plasticizers, and have high biological toxicity. OPEs are detected worldwide, even in distant polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, few studies have been performed to evaluate the distribution patterns and origins of OPEs in different climate systems on the TP. This study investigated the distribution characteristics, possible sources, and ecological risks of OPEs in soils from the different climate systems on the TP and its surroundings. The total concentrations of OPEs in soil varied from 468 to 17,451 pg g-1 dry weight, with greater concentrations in southeast Tibet (monsoon zone), followed by Qinghai (transition zone) and, finally, southern Xingjiang (westerly zone). OPE composition profiles also differed among the three areas with tri-n-butyl phosphate dominant in the westerly zone and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate dominant in the Indian monsoon zone. Correlations between different compounds and altitude, soil organic carbon, or longitude varied in different climate zones, indicating that OPE distribution originates from both long-range atmospheric transport and local emissions. Ecological risk assessment showed that tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tri-phenyl phosphate exhibited medium risks in soil at several sites in southeast Tibet. Considering the sensitivity and vulnerability of TP ecosystems to anthropogenic pollutants, the ecological risks potentially caused by OPEs in this region should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yiyao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Soriano Y, Gimeno-García E, Campo J, Hernández-Crespo C, Andreu V, Picó Y. Exploring organic and inorganic contaminant histories in sediment cores across the anthropocene: Accounting for site/area dependent factors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134168. [PMID: 38603905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sedimentary records help chronologically identify anthropogenic contamination in environmental systems. This study analysed dated sediment cores from L'Albufera Lake (Valencia, Spain), to assess the occurrence of heavy metals (HMs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), pesticides and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The results evidence the continuing vertical presence of all types of contaminants in this location. The sediment age was difficult to establish. However, the presence of shells together with an historical estimation and the knowledge of sedimentary rates could help. HMs contents are higher in the upper layer reflecting the most recent increase of the industrial and agricultural practices in the area since the middle 20th century. Higher availability index of these HMs in the upper sediment layers is associated with point and diffuse contamination sources in the area. PAHs and OPFRs were homogeneous distributed through the sediments with few exceptions such as phenanthrene in the North and fluoranthene in the South. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were detected throughout the sediment core while short-chain PFASs (except perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA)) were detected only in the top layer. Pesticides and PPCPs showed appreciable down-core mobility. The vertical concentration profiles of organic contaminants did not exhibit a clear trend with depth, then, it is difficult to develop a direct relationship between sediment age and contaminant concentrations, and to elucidate the historical trend of contamination based on dated sediment core. Consequently, linking contaminant occurrence in sediments directly to their historical use is somewhat speculative at least in the conditions of L'Albufera Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Soriano
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Gimeno-García
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Campo
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Crespo
- Water and Environmental Engineering University Research Institute (IIAMA), Polytechnic Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
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Jiang J, Li T, Wang E, Zhang Y, Han J, Tan L, Li X, Fan Y, Wu Y, Chen Q, Jin J. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in dust, hair and urine: Exposure, excretion. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141380. [PMID: 38368958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been detected in various environmental media and human tissues. PBDEs concentrations in dust from college buildings and homes and in paired hair and urine samples from students were determined. This is of great significance to explore the accumulation and excretion patterns of PBDEs in the human body. The median PBDEs concentrations in the dust (College: 84.59 ng/g; Home: 170.32 ng/g) and hair (undergraduate: 6.16 ng/g; Home: 3.25 ng/g) samples were generally lower than were found in the majority of previous studies. The PBDEs concentrations in the hair and urine samples were subjected to principal component analysis, and the results combined with the PBDEs detection rates confirmed that hair is a useful non-invasive sampling medium for assessing PBDEs exposure and the risks posed. Body mass indices (BMIs) were used to divide students who had not been exposed to large amounts of PBDEs into groups. Body fat percentage is an important factor affecting the accumulation of PBDE in the human body. Environmental factors were found to affect the PBDEs concentrations in the hair and urine samples less for normal-weight students (BMI≤24) than overweight students (BMI>24). Short-term environmental changes to more readily affect the PBDEs concentrations in the tissues of the normal-weight than overweight students. PBDEs with seven or more bromine substituents were found not to be readily excreted in urine. Performing molecular docking simulations of the binding of isomers BDE-99 and BDE-100 to megalin. The binding energy was higher for BDE-100 and megalin than for BDE-99 and megalin, meaning BDE-99 would be more readily excreted than BDE-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tianwei Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Erde Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jiali Han
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Linli Tan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yuhao Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ye Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qianhui Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Lou Y, Lin C, Yang T, Sun Z, Lei L, Song Y, Huang C, Chen J. DDT exposure induces tremor-like behavior and neurotoxicity in developmental stages of embryonic zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:116001. [PMID: 38277973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a broad-spectrum insecticide, widely detected in environments due to its high stability characteristic and long natural half-life period. The adverse impact of DDT exposure on organisms and humans has attracted great concern worldwide. The current study explored the developmental and neurobehavioral toxicity response of DDT in embryonic zebrafish. The embryos were treated with DDT (0, 0.1, 1, 2.5 and 5 µM) during 6 h post fertilization (hpf) to 144 hpf. Our result indicated that DDT exposures increased the embryo hatching rate at 48 and 60 hpf, the larval malformation rate at 120 hpf and mortality rate at 144 hpf. The manifested malformations included uninflated swim bladder, bent spine and tail, deformed liver, and pericardial edema. The 120 hpf larval organs size of the gut and swim bladder was decreased in higher exposed concentration groups. Besides, DDT exposure resulted in hyperactivity for the embryo spontaneous movement at 24 hpf and tremor like movement measured by the free larval activity at 72 hpf, as well as the larval activity at 96 hpf under light-dark transition stimulus. Mechanistic examinations at 120 hpf revealed DDT exposure elevated oxidative stress through MDA formation increase, ATP level decrease as well as antioxidant enzyme genes (sod1 and gpx1a) expression decrease. DDT exposure induced abnormal neurotransmitters expression with DA level increase, 5-HT and NOS level decrease. DDT exposure suppressed the gene expressions involved in axon development (rab33a and nrxn2a) and potassium channel (kcnq2 and kcnq3). Our results suggest that the hyperactivity and tremor like movement in DDT-exposed embryos/larvae may result from oxidative stress involved with neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Lou
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Chengyin Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Zhenkai Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Pathology and Physiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Jiangfei Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Pathology and Physiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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Huang C, Zeng Y, Liu YE, Zhang Y, Guo J, Luo X, Mai B. Historical Occurrence and Composition of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in Sediments from an Electronic Waste Recycling Site in South China. TOXICS 2024; 12:84. [PMID: 38251039 PMCID: PMC10821507 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) have been widely used as alternatives to traditional BFRs. However, little is known about the temporal trends of NBFR and DP pollution in e-waste recycling sites. In the current study, three composite sediment cores were collected from an e-waste-polluted pond located in a typical e-waste recycling site in South China to investigate the historical occurrence and composition of NBFRs and DP. The NBFRs and DP were detected in all layers of the sediment cores with concentration ranges of 5.71~180,895 and 4.95~109,847 ng/g dw, respectively. Except for 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (pTBX) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), all the NBFR compounds and DP showed a clear increasing trend from the bottom to top layers. These results implied the long-term and severe contamination of NBFRs and DP. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the most abundant NBFR with the contribution proportions of 58 ± 15%, 73 ± 15%, and 71 ± 18% in three sediment cores, followed by 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and pentabromobenzene (HBB). The ratios of BTBPE/Octa-BDEs and DBDPE/Deca-BDEs varied from 0.12 to 60 and from 0.03 to 0.49, respectively, which had no clear increase trends with a decrease in sediment depth. As for DP, the fanti values (the concentration ratios of anti-DP to the sum of anti-DP and syn-DP) in sediment cores ranged from 0.41 to 0.83, almost falling in the range of those in DP technical products, suggesting that DP degradation did not occur in sediment cores. The environmental burdens of DBDPE, BTBPE, HBB, PBT, PBEB, pTBX, and DP were estimated to be 34.0, 5.67, 10.1, 0.02, 0.02, 0.01, and 34.8 kg, respectively. This work provides the first insight into the historical contamination status of NBFRs and DP in the sediments of an e-waste recycling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science & Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-MaCao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yin-E Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-MaCao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-MaCao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-MaCao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
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