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Colella MF, Marino N, Oliviero Rossi C, Seta L, Caputo P, De Luca G. Triacylglycerol Composition and Chemical-Physical Properties of Cocoa Butter and Its Derivatives: NMR, DSC, X-ray, Rheological Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032090. [PMID: 36768417 PMCID: PMC9916945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the food industry has become increasingly involved in researching vegetable fats and oils with appropriate mechanical properties (ease of transport, processing, and storage) and a specific lipidic composition to ensure healthy products for consumers. The chemical-physical behavior of these matrices depends on their composition in terms of single fatty acids (FA). However, as we demonstrate in this work, these properties, as well as the absorption, digestion and uptake in humans of specific FAs, are also largely determined by their regiosomerism within the TriAcylGlycerols (TAG) moieties (sn-1,2,3 positions). The goal of this work is to study for the first time vegetable fats obtained directly from a sample of natural cocoa butter (CB) through a process that manipulates the distribution of FAs but not their nature. Even if the initial percentage of each FA in the mixture remains the same, CB derivatives seem to show improved chemical-physical features. In order to understand which factors account for their physical and chemical characteristics, and to check whether or not the obtained new matrices could be considered as valid alternatives to other vegetable fats (e.g., palm oil (PO)), we carried out an experimental investigation at both the macroscopic and molecular level including: (i) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses to examine thermal features; (ii) rheological testing to explore mechanical properties; (iii) powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to evaluate the solid-state phases of the obtained fats; and (iv) 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR, 1D and 2D) spectroscopy to rapidly analyze fatty acid composition including regioisomeric distribution on the glycerol backbone. These last results open up the possibility of using NMR spectroscopy as an alternative to the chromatographic techniques routinely employed for the investigation of similar matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Colella
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Nadia Marino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Lucia Seta
- Reolì S.r.l., Zona Industriale, Settore 3, 87064 Corigliano-Rossano, Italy
| | - Paolino Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppina De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (G.D.L.)
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Kildahl-Andersen G, Gjerlaug-Enger E, Rise F, Haug A, Egelandsdal B. Quantification of Fatty Acids and their Regioisomeric Distribution in Triacylglycerols from Porcine and Bovine Sources Using 13 C NMR Spectroscopy. Lipids 2020; 56:111-122. [PMID: 32875567 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of specific fatty acids in humans is dependent on their position on the glycerol backbone. There is a great interest in methods that can access this information fast and accurately. By way of high-resolution NMR, we have analyzed TAG extracted from pig and beef tissues and obtained quantitative data for the composition and regioisomeric distribution of all major unsaturated fatty acids usually found in these source materials, using a combination of manual integration and deconvolution of 13 C NMR spectra. In addition, we have developed a method for determining composition and regioisomeric distribution of the two main saturated fatty acids found in pork (16:0, 18:0). The results are discussed in relation to species-specific genetic characteristics of fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis. The developed method could support decisions related to breeding for desired fatty acid profiles, and stimulate further methodology developments using high field NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Kildahl-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Haug
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
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Lopéz D, Cherigo L, Mejia LC, Loza-Mejía MA, Martínez-Luis S. α-Glucosidase inhibitors from a mangrove associated fungus, Zasmidium sp. strain EM5-10. BMC Chem 2019; 13:22. [PMID: 31384771 PMCID: PMC6661824 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mangroves plants and their endophytes represent a natural source of novel and bioactive compounds. In our ongoing research on mangrove endophytes from the Panamanian Pacific Coast, we have identified several bioactive endophytic fungi. From these organisms, an isolate belonging to the genus Zasmidium (Mycosphaerellaceae) showed 91.3% of inhibition against α-glucosidase enzyme in vitro. RESULTS Zasmidium sp. strain EM5-10 was isolated from mature leaves of Laguncularia racemosa, and its crude extract showed good inhibition against α-glucosidase enzyme (91.3% of inhibition). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract led to obtaining two active fractions: L (tripalmitin) and M (Fungal Tryglicerides Mixture). Tripalmitin (3.75 µM) showed better inhibitory activity than acarbose (positive control, IC50 217.71 µM). Kinetic analysis established that tripalmitin acted as a mixed inhibitor. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted that tripalmitin binds at the same site as acarbose and also to an allosteric site in the human intestinal α-glucosidase (PDB: 3TOP). CONCLUSIONS Zasmidium sp. strain EM5-10 represents a new source of bioactive substances that could possess beneficial properties for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dioxelis Lopéz
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado, 0843-01103 Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, 522510 India
| | - Lilia Cherigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela De Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, P.O. Box 3366, Panama City, Panama
| | - Luis C. Mejia
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado, 0843-01103 Panama City, Panama
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad La Salle, Benjamín Franklin 45, Cuauhtémoc, 06140 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Martínez-Luis
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado, 0843-01103 Panama City, Panama
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Sidorov RA, Shashkov AS, Solovyev PA, Gorshkova EN, Tsydendambaev VD. Evidence of Strict Stereospecificity in the Structure of sn
-1,2-Diacyl-3-Acetyl-Glycerols from Euonymus maximowiczianus
Seeds Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Lipids 2018; 53:437-445. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Sidorov
- Laboratory of Lipid metabolism; K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia, 127276
| | - Alexander S. Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia, 119991
| | - Pavel A. Solovyev
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies; Moscow Technological University; Moscow Russia, 119571
| | - Elena N. Gorshkova
- Laboratory of Lipid metabolism; K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia, 127276
| | - Vladimir D. Tsydendambaev
- Laboratory of Lipid metabolism; K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia, 127276
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Alexandri E, Ahmed R, Siddiqui H, Choudhary MI, Tsiafoulis CG, Gerothanassis IP. High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural and Analytical Tool for Unsaturated Lipids in Solution. Molecules 2017; 22:E1663. [PMID: 28981459 PMCID: PMC6151582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and polyunsaturated lipids are widely distributed in Nature, and are structurally and functionally a diverse class of molecules with a variety of physicochemical, biological, medicinal and nutritional properties. High resolution NMR spectroscopic techniques including 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR have been successfully employed as a structural and analytical tool for unsaturated lipids. The objective of this review article is to provide: (i) an overview of the critical 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR parameters for structural and analytical investigations; (ii) an overview of various 1D and 2D NMR techniques that have been used for resonance assignments; (iii) selected analytical and structural studies with emphasis in the identification of major and minor unsaturated fatty acids in complex lipid extracts without the need for the isolation of the individual components; (iv) selected investigations of oxidation products of lipids; (v) applications in the emerging field of lipidomics; (vi) studies of protein-lipid interactions at a molecular level; (vii) practical considerations and (viii) an overview of future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Alexandri
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad I Choudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 214412, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ioannis P Gerothanassis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Cutignano A, Luongo E, Nuzzo G, Pagano D, Manzo E, Sardo A, Fontana A. Profiling of complex lipids in marine microalgae by UHPLC/tandem mass spectrometry. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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de Graaf RA, De Feyter HM, Rothman DL. High-sensitivity, broadband-decoupled (13) C MR spectroscopy in humans at 7T using two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence. Magn Reson Med 2015; 74:903-14. [PMID: 25264872 PMCID: PMC4377311 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbon-13 ((13) C) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has an intrinsically low NMR sensitivity that often leads to large acquisition volumes or long scan times. While the use of higher magnetic fields can overcome the sensitivity limitations, high radiofrequency (RF) power deposition associated with proton-decoupling limits the achievable gain. Two-dimensional (2D) heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) MRS is a method that uses the high chemical specificity of (13) C MRS while retaining the high sensitivity of (1) H detection. Due to the 2D nature of the method, proton-decoupled (13) C MR spectra can be obtained without the use of high-powered decoupling pulses. METHODS A novel three-dimensional (3D) localized 2D HSQC method based on 3D STEAM localization is presented and implemented at 7T. The low RF power deposition of the method allows TR variation along the indirect dimension which, in combination with controlled aliasing, leads to an acceleration of 11.8 relative to a standard 2D NMR acquisition. RESULTS Artifact-free, high-quality and high-sensitivity 2D HSQC spectra were obtained for all subjects in 19 min from a small (9 mL) volume placed in the leg adipose tissue. Complete proton decoupling was achieved along the indirect (13) C dimension despite the absence of broadband proton-decoupling pulses. The high chemical specificity along the indirect (13) C dimension allowed the detection of 19 unique resonances from which the lipids could be characterized in terms of saturation and omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio. CONCLUSION It has been demonstrated that high-quality 2D HSQC NMR spectra can be acquired from human adipose tissue at 7T. The HSQC method is methodologically simple and robust and is flexible regarding trade-offs between temporal and spectral resolution. 2D HSQC has a strong potential to become a default method in natural-abundance or (13) C-enriched studies of human metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henk M De Feyter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Vyssotski M, Bloor SJ, Lagutin K, Wong H, Williams DBG. Efficient Separation and Analysis of Triacylglycerols: Quantitation of β-Palmitate (OPO) in Oils and Infant Formulas. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5985-5992. [PMID: 26073429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-efficiency, convenient, and reliable method for the separation of structurally similar triacylglycerols is detailed and applied in the quantitative analysis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) in infant formulas and OPO oils. OPO is an important lipid component in "humanized" infant formula. A fast preparative isolation of an OPO-containing fraction from the crude complex mixture, by nonaqueous reversed phase HPLC, followed by Ag(+)-HPLC with detection at 205 nm allowed fine separation and detection of the desired fraction. OPO was quantitated independently of its regioisomer 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol (OOP) and isomers of stearoyl-linoleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol that might be present in infant formulas. For samples with low OPO content, an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) was more preferable than UV detection, with a calculated LOD of 0.1 μg of OPO injected and LOQ of 0.3 μg. The method, which showed high reproducibility (RSD < 5%), was suitable for both high OPO content oils and low OPO products such as unenriched infant formula. A number of possible interference issues were considered and dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Vyssotski
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Stephen J Bloor
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Kirill Lagutin
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Herbert Wong
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - D Bradley G Williams
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
- §Gracefield Research Centre, Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
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Trabelsi H, Renaud J, Mayer P, Boukhchina S. Triacylglycerol and Glycerophospholipid Identification and Accumulation During Ripening of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Lentisc) Fruit. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Dais P, Hatzakis E. Quality assessment and authentication of virgin olive oil by NMR spectroscopy: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 765:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gouk SW, Cheng SF, Ong ASH, Chuah CH. Rapid and direct quantitative analysis of positional fatty acids in triacylglycerols using 13C NMR. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy: An Alternative Fast Tool for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Diacylglycerol (DAG) Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Sakouhi F, Absalon C, Kallel H, Boukhchina S. Comparative analysis of triacylglycerols from Olea europaea L. fruits using HPLC and MALDI-TOFMS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Differentiation of Fish Oils According to Species by 13C-NMR Regiospecific Analyses of Triacyglycerols. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Destaillats F, Moulin J, Bezelgues JB. Letter to the editor: healthy alternatives to trans fats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2007; 4:10. [PMID: 17462099 PMCID: PMC1867814 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of trans fats is associated with an increase of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To comply with regulatory policies and public health authorities recommendations, trans fats should be replaced in food products. The study by Sundram et al. (Nutrition & Metabolism 2007, 4:3) reporting the effect on CVD risk factors of interesterified fat (IE) and partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) compared to palm olein (POL) has been critically analyzed. The study design and in particular the composition of the tested fats was not suitable to properly answer the question raised regarding the effect of alternative ingredients to trans fats on plasma lipids. The observed effects are divergent with predicted data derived from the literature model consolidated using the individual results of 60 randomized clinical trials. The results of the study published by Sundram and co-workers have to be considered with awareness.
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Momchilova S, Antonova D, Marekov I, Kuleva L, Nikolova‐Damyanova B, Jham G. Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Sterols in Neem Oil (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) as Determined by a Combination of Chromatographic and Spectral Techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070601034188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Momchilova
- a Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Antonova
- a Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilko Marekov
- a Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liliana Kuleva
- a Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boryana Nikolova‐Damyanova
- a Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gulab Jham
- b Laboratório de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais (LPPN), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Brazil
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Fauconnot L, Robert F, Villard R, Dionisi F. Chemical synthesis and NMR characterization of structured polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. Chem Phys Lipids 2006; 139:125-36. [PMID: 16405879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of pure triacylglycerol (TAG) regioisomers, that contain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and saturated fatty acids, such as lauric acid (La) or palmitic acid (P), at defined positions, is described. A single step methodology using (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), an activator of carboxyl group commonly used in peptide synthesis and occasionally used in carboxylic acid esterification, has been developed for structured TAG synthesis. Identification of the fatty acyl chains for each TAG species was confirmed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) and fatty acid positional distribution was determined by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra. The generic described procedures can be applied to a large variety of substrates and was used for the production of specific triacylglycerols of defined molecular structures, with high regioisomeric purity. Combination of MS and NMR was shown to be an efficient tool for structural analysis of TAG. In particular, some NMR signals were demonstrated to be regioisomer specific, allowing rapid positional analysis of LC-PUFA containing TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Fauconnot
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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Bresson S, El Marssi M, Khelifa B. Raman spectroscopy investigation of various saturated monoacid triglycerides. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 134:119-29. [PMID: 15784230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A study of the vibrational behavior of five saturated monoacid triacylglycerides is performed by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature in the 3100-500 cm(-1) spectral range. The splitting of the CO stretching mode leads to conclude on the existence of two or three geometries of CO in the "knot" group OCO. The CO stretching mode seems to be a good tool for distinguishing the polymorphic forms of the studied triglycerides. The assignments of the different CH stretching modes are performed in the 1500-500 cm(-1) spectral range. The I(2845)/I(2880) (in the CH stretching spectral region) and I(1445)/I(1296) intensity ratios (between the maximal intensity I(1445) of the CH(2) scissoring mode and the maximal intensity I(1296) of the skeletal vibration of (CH(2))(n) in-phase twist) seem to depend on the type of polymorphic forms of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bresson
- Centre de Calcul et de Modélisation de Lens, Université d'Artois, Faculté Jean Perrin, SP 18, rue Jean Souvraz, 62307 LENS Cedex, France.
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