1
|
Zhong C, Zou J, Mao W, Yang P, Zhang J, Gou S, Zhang Y, Liu H, Ni J. Structure modification of anoplin for fighting resistant bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116276. [PMID: 38452726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance has posed a significant challenge to clinical antimicrobial treatment, rendering commonly used antibiotics ineffective. The development of novel antimicrobial agents and strategies is imperative for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered a promising class of antimicrobial agents due to their low propensity for resistance and broad-spectrum activity. Anoplin is a small linear α-helical natural antimicrobial peptide that was isolated from the venom of the solitary wasp Anplius samariensis. It exhibits rich biological activity, particularly broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low hemolytic activity. Over the past three decades, more than 40 research publications on anoplin have been made available online. This review focuses on the advancements of anoplin in antimicrobial research, encompassing its sources, characterization, antimicrobial activity, influencing factors and structural modifications. The aim is to provide assistances for the development of new antimicrobial agents that can combat bacterial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wenbo Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Sanhu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jingman Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji H, Zhao W, Yu Z, Wu S. Mechanism of interactions between egg protein–derived tri‐peptides and cellular membrane by molecular dynamic simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhuo Ji
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Sijia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wichmann N, Lund PM, Hansen MB, Hjørringgaard CU, Larsen JB, Kristensen K, Andresen TL, Simonsen JB. Applying flow cytometry to identify the modes of action of membrane-active peptides in a label-free and high-throughput fashion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183820. [PMID: 34813768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) have several potential therapeutic uses, including as antimicrobial drugs. Many traditional methods used to evaluate the membrane interactions of MAPs have limited applicability. Low-throughput methods, such as microscopy, provide detailed information but often rely on fluorophore-labeled MAPs, and high-throughput assays, such as the calcein release assay, cannot assess the mechanism behind the disruption of vesicular-based lipid membranes. Here we present a flow cytometric assay that provides detailed information about the peptide-lipid membrane interactions on single artificial lipid vesicles while being high-throughput (1000-2000 vesicles/s) and based on label-free MAPs. We synthesized and investigated six MAPs with different modes of action to evaluate the versatility of the assay. The assay is based on the flow cytometric readouts from artificial lipid vesicles, including the fluorescence from membrane-anchored and core-encapsulated fluorophores, and the vesicle concentration. From these parameters, we were able to distinguish between MAPs that induce vesicle solubilization, permeation (pores/membrane distortion), and aggregation or fusion. Our flow cytometry findings have been verified by traditional methods, including the calcein release assay, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles. We envision that the presented flow cytometric assay can be used for various types of peptide-lipid membrane studies, e.g. to identify new antibiotics. Moreover, the assay can easily be expanded to derive additional valuable information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Wichmann
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philip M Lund
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten B Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claudia U Hjørringgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannik B Larsen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Peng B, Song M, Abdullah, Li J, Miao J, Feng K, Chen F, Zhai X, Cao Y. Effects of Antibacterial Peptide F1 on Bacterial Liposome Membrane Integrity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:768890. [PMID: 34869536 PMCID: PMC8633404 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.768890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from our lab have shown that the antimicrobial peptide F1 obtained from the milk fermentation by Lactobacillus paracasei FX-6 derived from Tibetan kefir was different from common antimicrobial peptides; specifically, F1 simultaneously inhibited the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we present follow-on work demonstrating that after the antimicrobial peptide F1 acts on either Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 63589 (S. aureus), their respective bacterial membranes were severely deformed. This deformation allowed leakage of potassium and magnesium ions from the bacterial membrane. The interaction between the antimicrobial peptide F1 and the bacterial membrane was further explored by artificially simulating the bacterial phospholipid membranes and then extracting them. The study results indicated that after the antimicrobial peptide F1 interacted with the bacterial membranes caused significant calcein leakage that had been simulated by different liposomes. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the phospholipid membrane structure was destroyed and the liposomes presented aggregation and precipitation. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) results showed that the antimicrobial peptide F1 significantly reduced the quality of liposome membrane and increased their viscoelasticity. Based on the study's findings, the phospholipid membrane particle size was significantly increased, indicating that the antimicrobial peptide F1 had a direct effect on the phospholipid membrane. Conclusively, the antimicrobial peptide F1 destroyed the membrane structure of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by destroying the shared components of their respective phospholipid membranes which resulted in leakage of cell contents and subsequently cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Haitian Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdullah
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Konglong Feng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Evonik Rexim Nanning Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | | | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Q, Miao J, Feng K, Liu J, Li W, Li J, Yang Z, Cao Y. Antibacterial action of peptide F1 against colistin resistance E. coli SHP45 ( mcr-1). Food Funct 2021; 11:10231-10241. [PMID: 33169751 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism (mcr-1) makes bacterial resistance to colistin increasingly serious. This mcr-1 mediated bacterial resistance to colicin is conferred primarily through modification of lipid A in lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In our previous research, antimicrobial peptide F1 was derived from Tibetan kefir and has been shown to effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and other pathogenic bacteria. Based on this characteristic of antibacterial peptide F1, we speculated that it could inhibit the growth of the colicin-resistant E. coli SHP45 (mcr-1) and not easily produce drug resistance. Studies have shown that antimicrobial peptide F1 can destroy the liposome structure of the phospholipid bilayer by destroying the inner and outer membranes of bacteria, thereby significantly inhibiting the growth of E. coli SHP45 (mcr-1), but without depending on LPS. The results of this study confirmed our hypothesis, and we anticipate that antimicrobial peptide F1 will become a safe antibacterial agent that can assist in solving the problem of drug resistance caused by colistin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elsadek LA, Matthews JH, Nishimura S, Nakatani T, Ito A, Gu T, Luo D, Salvador-Reyes LA, Paul VJ, Kakeya H, Luesch H. Genomic and Targeted Approaches Unveil the Cell Membrane as a Major Target of the Antifungal Cytotoxin Amantelide A. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1790-1799. [PMID: 33527693 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amantelide A, a polyhydroxylated macrolide isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, displays broad-spectrum activity against mammalian cells, bacterial pathogens, and marine fungi. We conducted comprehensive mechanistic studies to identify the molecular targets and pathways affected by amantelide A. Our investigations relied on chemical structure similarities with compounds of known mechanisms, yeast knockout mutants, yeast chemogenomic profiling, and direct biochemical and biophysical methods. We established that amantelide A exerts its antifungal action by binding to ergosterol-containing membranes followed by pore formation and cell death, a mechanism partially shared with polyene antifungals. Binding assays demonstrated that amantelide A also binds to membranes containing epicholesterol or mammalian cholesterol, thus suggesting that the cytotoxicity to mammalian cells might be due to its affinity to cholesterol-containing membranes. However, membrane interactions were not completely dependent on sterols. Yeast chemogenomic profiling suggested additional direct or indirect effects on actin. Accordingly, we performed actin polymerization assays, which suggested that amantelide A also promotes actin polymerization in cell-free systems. However, the C-33 acetoxy derivative amantelide B showed a similar effect on actin dynamics in vitro but no significant activity against yeast. Overall, these studies suggest that the membrane effects are the most functionally relevant for amantelide A mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Elsadek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products,Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - James H Matthews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products,Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shinichi Nishimura
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakatani
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Airi Ito
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tongjun Gu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Danmeng Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products,Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lilibeth A Salvador-Reyes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1100, Philippines
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Ft., Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products,Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wojciechowska M, Miszkiewicz J, Trylska J. Conformational Changes of Anoplin, W-MreB 1-9, and (KFF) 3K Peptides near the Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249672. [PMID: 33352981 PMCID: PMC7766051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many peptides interact with biological membranes, but elucidating these interactions is challenging because cellular membranes are complex and peptides are structurally flexible. To contribute to understanding how the membrane-active peptides behave near the membranes, we investigated peptide structural changes in different lipid surroundings. We focused on two antimicrobial peptides, anoplin and W-MreB1–9, and one cell-penetrating peptide, (KFF)3K. Firstly, by using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we determined the secondary structures of these peptides when interacting with micelles, liposomes, E. coli lipopolysaccharides, and live E. coli bacteria. The peptides were disordered in the buffer, but anoplin and W-MreB1–9 displayed lipid-induced helicity. Yet, structural changes of the peptide depended on the composition and concentration of the membranes. Secondly, we quantified the destructive activity of peptides against liposomes by monitoring the release of a fluorescent dye (calcein) from the liposomes treated with peptides. We observed that only for anoplin and W-MreB1–9 calcein leakage from liposomes depended on the peptide concentration. Thirdly, bacterial growth inhibition assays showed that peptide conformational changes, evoked by the lipid environments, do not directly correlate with the antimicrobial activity of the peptides. However, understanding the relation between peptide structural properties, mechanisms of membrane disruption, and their biological activities can guide the design of membrane-active peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wojciechowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Joanna Miszkiewicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Trylska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costa NCS, Piccoli JP, Santos-Filho NA, Clementino LC, Fusco-Almeida AM, De Annunzio SR, Fontana CR, Verga JBM, Eto SF, Pizauro-Junior JM, Graminha MAS, Cilli EM. Antimicrobial activity of RP-1 peptide conjugate with ferrocene group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228740. [PMID: 32214347 PMCID: PMC7098557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a neglected and serious problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Among the major parasitic diseases, Leishmaniasis figures as an urgent challenge due to its high incidence and severity. At the same time, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the population is increasing together with resistance to medicines. To address this problem, new antibiotic-like molecules that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are necessary, where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be of great help. In this work, the ferrocene molecule, one active compound with low levels of in vivo toxicity, was coupled to the N-terminus of the RP1 peptide (derived from the human chemokine CXCL4), aiming to evaluate how this change modifies the structure, biological activity, and toxicity of the peptide. The peptide and the conjugate were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Circular dichroism assays in PBS showed that the RP1 peptide and its conjugate had a typical spectrum for disordered structures. The Fc-RP1 presented anti-amastigote activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 0.25 μmol L–1). In comparison with amphotericin B, a second-line drug approved for leishmaniasis treatment, (IC50 = 0.63 μmol L-1), Fc-RP1 was more active and showed a 2.5-fold higher selectivity index. The RP1 peptide presented a MIC of 4.3 μmol L-1 against S. agalactiae, whilst Fc-RP1 was four times more active (MIC = 0.96 μmol L-1), indicating that ferrocene improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Fc-RP1 peptide also decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the assays against E. faecalis (MIC = 7.9 μmol L-1), E. coli (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1) and S. aureus (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against HaCaT cells, and no significant activity at the highest concentration tested (500 μg. mL-1) was observed, showing the high potential of this new compound as a possible new drug. The coupling of ferrocene also increased the vesicle permeabilization of the peptide, showing a direct relation between high peptide concentration and high carboxyfluorescein release, which indicates the action mechanism by pore formation on the vesicles. Several studies have shown that ferrocene destabilizes cell membranes through lipid peroxidation, leading to cell lysis. It is noteworthy that the Fc-RP1 peptide synthesized here is a prototype of a bioconjugation strategy, but it still is a compound with great biological activity against neglected and fish diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C. S. Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia P. Piccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Clementino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sarah R. De Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliane B. M. Verga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João M. Pizauro-Junior
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Almeida MM, Perez KR, Faig A, Uhrich KE, Riske KA. Location of the Positive Charges in Cationic Amphiphiles Modulates Their Mechanism of Action against Model Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14117-14123. [PMID: 31589461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cationic amphiphiles (CAms) with physicochemical properties similar to antimicrobial peptides are promising molecules in the search for alternative antibiotics to which pathogens cannot easily develop resistance. Here, we investigate two types of CAms based on tartaric acid and containing two hydrophobic chains (of 7 or 11 carbons) and two positive charges, located either at the end of the acyl chains (bola-like, B7 and B11) or at the tartaric acid backbone (gemini-like, G7 and G11). The interaction of the CAms with biomimetic membrane models (anionic and neutral liposomes) was studied with zeta potential and dynamic light scattering measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry, and a fluorescent-based leakage assay. We show that the type of molecule determines the mechanism of action of the CAms. Gemini-like molecules (G7 and G11) interact mainly via electrostatics (exothermic process) and reside in the external vesicle leaflet, altering substantially the vesicle surface potential but not causing significant membrane lysis. On the other hand, the interaction of bola-like CAms (B7 and B11) is endothermic and thus entropy-driven, and these molecules reach both membrane leaflets and cause substantial membrane permeabilization, likely after clustering of anionic lipids. The lytic ability is clearly higher against anionic membranes as compared with neutral membranes. Within each class of molecule, longer alkyl chains (i.e., B11 and G11) exhibit higher affinity and lytic ability. Overall, the molecule B11 exhibits a high potential as antimicrobial agent, since it has a high membrane affinity and causes substantial membrane permeabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Almeida
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Katia R Perez
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptides: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Equilibria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:175-214. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Hong W, Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Liu M. Insights into the antibacterial mechanism of PEGylated nano-bacitracin A against Streptococcus pneumonia: both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant strains. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6297-6309. [PMID: 30349251 PMCID: PMC6186892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s178596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Streptococcus pneumonia constitute a major worldwide public health concern. Materials and methods In our preliminary study, PEGylated nano-self-assemblies of bacitracin A (PEGylated Nano-BA12K) showed strong antibacterial potency against reference S. pneumonia strain (ATCC 49619). In this study, the possibility of applying PEGylated Nano-BA12K against penicillin-resistant S. pneumonia was further investigated. In addition, the underlying antibacterial mechanism of PEGylated Nano-BA12K against both sensitive and resistant S. pneumonia was also clarified systematically, since S. pneumonia was naturally resistant to its unassembled counterpart bacitracin A (BA). Results PEGylated Nano-BA12K showed strong antibacterial potency against 13 clinical isolates of S. pneumonia, including five penicillin-resistant strains. Structural changes, partial collapse, and even lysis of both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant bacteria were observed after incubation with PEGylated Nano-BA12K via transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Thus, the cell wall or/and cell membrane might be the main target of PEGylated Nano-BA12K against S. pneumonia. PEGylated Nano-BA12K exhibited limited effect on the permeabilization and peptidoglycan content of cell wall. Surface pressure measurement suggested that PEGylated Nano-BA12K was much more tensioactive than BA, which was usually translated into a good membranolytic effect, and is helpful to permeabilize the cell membrane and damage membrane integrity, as evidenced by depolarization of the membrane potential, permeabilization of membrane and leakage of calcein from liposomes. Conclusion Collectively, great cell membrane permeability and formidable membrane disruption may work together for the strong antibacterial activity of PEGylated Nano-BA12K against S. pneumonia. Taken together, PEGylated Nano-BA12K has excellent potential against both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant S. pneumonia and might be suitable for the treatment of S. pneumonia infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yining Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dexian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong W, Liu L, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang D, Liu M. Pluronic-based nano-self-assemblies of bacitracin A with a new mechanism of action for an efficient in vivo therapeutic effect against bacterial peritonitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:66. [PMID: 30205822 PMCID: PMC6131780 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although assemblies of hydrophobic-modified bacitracin A with PLGA (Nano-BAPLGA) have demonstrated promising antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the desirable antibacterial potency has remained challenging due to the low solubility of Nano-BAPLGA. To address this tissue, a series of Pluronic copolymers (Pluronic® F127, Pluronic® P123 and Pluronic® P85) were selected to link the N-terminus of bacitracin A to construct Pluronic-based nano-self assemblies (Nano-BAF127, Nano-BAP123 and Nano-BAP85). Results Impressively, all the newly designed Pluronic-based Nano-BAs possessed higher solubility and stronger effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared with Nano-BAPLGA, especially the modification with Pluronic® P85. Surface tension measurements indicated that Nano-BAP85 was much more tensioactive than Nano-BAPLGA, which usually translated into a good membranolytic effect. Fluorescence spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses confirmed the speculation that the cell wall/membrane might be the main action target of Nano-BAP85 by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging the membrane integrity. In vivo results further demonstrated that Nano-BAP85 significantly suppressed bacterial growth and prolonged survival time in the bacterial peritonitis mouse model with negligible toxicity. Conclusions Collectively, the membrane targeting mechanism of action is entirely distinct from those of clinically used antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the new approach of construction nanoantibiotics based on the modification of commercially available antibiotics with Pluronic copolymers is demonstrated to have an efficient therapeutic effect against bacterial infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0397-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bioinspired Designs, Molecular Premise and Tools for Evaluating the Ecological Importance of Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030068. [PMID: 29996512 PMCID: PMC6161137 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of recent developments in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), summarizing structural diversity, potential new applications, activity targets and microbial killing responses in general. The use of artificial and natural AMPs as templates for rational design of peptidomimetics are also discussed and some strategies are put forward to curtail cytotoxic effects against eukaryotic cells. Considering the heat-resistant nature, chemical and proteolytic stability of AMPs, we attempt to summarize their molecular targets, examine how these macromolecules may contribute to potential environmental risks vis-à-vis the activities of the peptides. We further point out the evolutional characteristics of the macromolecules and indicate how they can be useful in designing target-specific peptides. Methods are suggested that may help to assess toxic mechanisms of AMPs and possible solutions are discussed to promote the development and application of AMPs in medicine. Even if there is wide exposure to the environment like in the hospital settings, AMPs may instead contribute to prevent healthcare-associated infections so long as ecotoxicological aspects are considered.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hedegaard SF, Derbas MS, Lind TK, Kasimova MR, Christensen MV, Michaelsen MH, Campbell RA, Jorgensen L, Franzyk H, Cárdenas M, Nielsen HM. Fluorophore labeling of a cell-penetrating peptide significantly alters the mode and degree of biomembrane interaction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6327. [PMID: 29679078 PMCID: PMC5910404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for highly efficient macromolecular drugs, used in the treatment of many severe diseases, is continuously increasing. However, the hydrophilic character and large molecular size of these drugs significantly limit their ability to permeate across cellular membranes and thus impede the drugs in reaching their target sites in the body. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have gained attention as promising drug excipients, since they can facilitate drug permeation across cell membranes constituting a major biological barrier. Fluorophores are frequently covalently conjugated to CPPs to improve detection, however, the ensuing change in physico-chemical properties of the CPPs may alter their biological properties. With complementary biophysical techniques, we show that the mode of biomembrane interaction may change considerably upon labeling of the CPP penetratin (PEN) with a fluorophore. Fluorophore-PEN conjugates display altered modes of membrane interaction with increased insertion into the core of model cell membranes thereby exerting membrane-thinning effects. This is in contrast to PEN, which localizes along the head groups of the lipid bilayer, without affecting the thickness of the lipid tails. Particularly high membrane disturbance is observed for the two most hydrophobic PEN conjugates; rhodamine B or 1-pyrene butyric acid, as compared to the four other tested fluorophore-PEN conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Fogh Hedegaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Sobhi Derbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tania Kjellerup Lind
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons väg 35, 214 32, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marina Robertnova Kasimova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Symphogen A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Malene Vinther Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Høtoft Michaelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard A Campbell
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS20156, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Lene Jorgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons väg 35, 214 32, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen M, Balhara V, Jaimes Castillo AM, Balsevich J, Johnston LJ. Interaction of saponin 1688 with phase separated lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1263-1272. [PMID: 28389202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are a diverse family of naturally occurring plant triterpene or steroid glycosides that have a wide range of biological activities. They have been shown to permeabilize membranes and in some cases membrane disruption has been hypothesized to involve saponin/cholesterol complexes. We have examined the interaction of steroidal saponin 1688-1 with lipid membranes that contain cholesterol and have a mixture of liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases as a model for lipid rafts in cellular membranes. A combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence was used to probe the effect of saponin on the bilayer. The results demonstrate that saponin forms defects in the membrane and also leads to formation of small aggregates on the membrane surface. Although most of the membrane damage occurs in the liquid-disordered phase, fluorescence results demonstrate that saponin localizes in both ordered and disordered membrane phases, with a modest preference for the disordered regions. Similar effects are observed for both direct incorporation of saponin in the lipid mixture used to make vesicles/bilayers and for incubation of saponin with preformed bilayers. The results suggest that the initial sites of interaction are at the interface between the domains and surrounding disordered phase. The preference for saponin localization in the disordered phase may reflect the ease of penetration of saponin into a less ordered membrane, rather than the actual cholesterol concentration in the membrane. Dye leakage assays indicate that a high concentration of saponin is required for membrane permeabilization consistent with the supported lipid bilayer experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohui Chen
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Vinod Balhara
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - John Balsevich
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Linda J Johnston
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peptoids successfully inhibit the growth of gram negative E. coli causing substantial membrane damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42332. [PMID: 28195195 PMCID: PMC5307948 DOI: 10.1038/srep42332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptoids are an alternative approach to antimicrobial peptides that offer higher stability towards enzymatic degradation. It is essential when developing new types of peptoids, that mimic the function of antimicrobial peptides, to understand their mechanism of action. Few studies on the specific mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptoids have been described in the literature, despite the plethora of studies on the mode of action of antimicrobial peptides. Here, we investigate the mechanism of action of two short cationic peptoids, rich in lysine and tryptophan side chain functionalities. We demonstrate that both peptoids are able to cause loss of viability in E. coli susceptible cells at their MIC (16–32 μg/ml) concentrations. Dye leakage assays demonstrate slow and low membrane permeabilization for peptoid 1, that is still higher for lipid compositions mimicking bacterial membranes than lipid compositions containing Cholesterol. At concentrations of 4 × MIC (64–128 μg/ml), pore formation, leakage of cytoplasmic content and filamentation were the most commonly observed morphological changes seen by SEM in E. coli treated with both peptoids. Flow cytometry data supports the increase of cell size as observed in the quantification analysis from the SEM images and suggests overall decrease of DNA per cell mass over time.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hicks R. Preparation of Membrane Models of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Their Interaction with Antimicrobial Peptides Studied by CD and NMR. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1548:231-245. [PMID: 28013508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic activity of antimicrobial peptides is generally derived via some type of disruption of the cell membrane(s). The most common models used to mimic the properties of bacterial membranes consist of mixtures of various zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids. This approach works reasonably well for Gram-positive bacteria. However, since the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria contain lipopolysaccharides, as well as zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, a more complex model is required to simulate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Herein we present a protocol for the preparation of models of the outer membranes of the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This protocol can be used to prepare models of other Gram-negative bacteria provided the strain-specific lipopolysaccharides are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rickey Hicks
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, 1120 5th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The importance of cyclic structure for Labaditin on its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:453-459. [PMID: 27665378 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has reached alarming levels in many countries, thus leading to a search for new classes of antibiotics, such as antimicrobial peptides whose activity is exerted by interacting specifically with the microorganism membrane. In this study, we investigate the molecular-level mechanism of action for Labaditin (Lo), a 10-amino acid residue cyclic peptide from Jatropha multifida with known bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans. We show that Lo is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) but this does not apply to its linear analogue (L1). Using polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), we observed with that the secondary structure of Lo was preserved upon interacting with Langmuir monolayers from a phospholipid mixture mimicking S. aureus membrane, in contrast to L1. This structure preservation for the rigid, cyclic Lo is key for the self-assembly of peptide nanotubes that induce pore formation in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), according to permeability assays and dynamic light scattering measurements. In summary, the comparison between Labaditin (Lo) and its linear analogue L1 allowed us to infer that the bactericidal activity of Lo is more related to its interaction with the membrane. It does not require specific metabolic targets, which makes cyclic peptides promising for antibiotics without bacteria resistance.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hicks RP. Antibacterial and anticancer activity of a series of novel peptides incorporating cyclic tetra-substituted Cα amino acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4056-4065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Clark TD, Bartolotti L, Hicks RP. The application of DOSY NMR and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the mechanism(s) of micelle binding of antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids. Biopolymers 2016; 99:548-61. [PMID: 23712491 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anionic and zwitterionic micelles are often used as simple models for the lipids found in bacterial and mammalian cell membranes to investigate antimicrobial peptide-lipid interactions. In our laboratory we have employed a variety of 1D, 2D, and diffusion ordered (DOSY) NMR experiments to investigate the interactions of antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids with SDS and DPC micelles. Complete assignment of the proton spectra of these peptides is prohibited by the incorporation of a high percentage of unnatural amino acids which don't contain amide protons into the backbone. However preliminary assignment of the TOCSY spectra of compound 23 in the presence of both micelles indicated multiple conformers are present as a result of binding to these micelles. Chemical Shift Indexing agreed with previously collected CD spectra that indicated on binding to SDS micelles compound 23 adopts a mixture of α-helical structures and on binding to DPC micelles this peptide adopts a mixture of helical and β-turn/sheet like structures. DOSY NMR experiments also indicated that the total positive charge and the relative placement of that charge at the N-terminus or C-terminus are important in determining the mole fraction of the peptide that will bind to the different micelles. DOSY and (1) H-NMR experiments indicated that the length of Spacer #1 plays a major role in defining the binding conformation of these analogs with SDS micelles. Results obtained from molecular simulations studies of the binding of compounds 23 and 36 with SDS micelles were consistent with the observed NMR results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Godballe T, Mojsoska B, Nielsen HM, Jenssen H. Antimicrobial activity of GN peptides and their mode of action. Biopolymers 2016; 106:172-183. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Troels Godballe
- Department of Science, Systems and Models; Roskilde University; DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science, Systems and Models; Roskilde University; DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Hanne M. Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Biologics; University of Copenhagen; 2100 Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science, Systems and Models; Roskilde University; DK-4000 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zare-Zardini H, Taheri-Kafrani A, Ordooei M, Ebrahimi L, Tolueinia B, Soleimanizadeh M. Identification and biochemical characterization of a new antibacterial and antifungal peptide derived from the insect Sphodromantis viridis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:433-40. [PMID: 25869360 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are members of the immune system that protect the host from infection. In this study, a potent and structurally novel antimicrobial peptide was isolated and characterized from praying mantis Sphodromantis viridis. This 14-amino acid peptide was purified by RP-HPLC. Tandem mass spectrometry was used for sequencing this peptide, and the results showed that the peptide belongs to the Mastoparan family. The peptide was named Mastoparan-S. Mastoparan-S demonstrated that it has antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi), and it was found to be more potent than common antibiotics such as kanamycin. Mastoparan-S showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive ones and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Mastoparan-S are 15.1-28.3 µg/ml for bacterial and 19.3-24.6 µg/ml for fungal pathogens. In addition, this newly described peptide showed low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Mastoparan-S was also evaluated on monolayer of normal human cells (HeLa) by MTT assay, and the results illustrated that Mastoparan-S had significant cytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 40 µg/ml and had no any cytotoxicity at the MIC (≤30 µg/ml). The findings of the present study reveal that this newly described peptide can be introduced as an appropriate candidate for treatment of topical infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Electrochemical Detection of Alginate Penetration in Immobilized Layer-by-Layer Films by Unnatural Amino Acid Containing Antimicrobial Peptides. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
24
|
Novotná P, Králík F, Urbanová M. Chiral recognition of bilirubin and biliverdin in liposomes and micelles. Biophys Chem 2015; 205:41-50. [PMID: 26071845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structural formula of biologically important chiral pigments bilirubin and biliverdin differs only by one double bond. We showed that this results in dissimilar interactions with two models of membranes: cationic liposomes composed of 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol and zwitterionic micelles from 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). While the liposomes recognized the P-form of bilirubin, the micelles recognized its M-form. Both recognized the P-form of biliverdin. Our study also comprised ternary systems consisting of the pigments, model membranes and serum albumin (human and bovine). Bilirubin preferentially interacted with the albumins even in the presence of the liposomes. On the other hand, biliverdin preferred the liposomes. Remarkably, the presence of CHAPS completely changed the biliverdin binding to the protein. Because our study was oriented on different chiral interactions, a chiroptical method of electronic circular dichroism was chosen as the principal method to study our systems. As complementary methods, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission were used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Novotná
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - František Králík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Urbanová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Novotná P, Urbanová M. Bilirubin, model membranes and serum albumin interaction: The influence of fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1331-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
26
|
Spectral and biological evaluation of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide derived from 1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Two Different Binding Mechanisms to the Lipopolysaccharides Isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:809283. [PMID: 25610647 PMCID: PMC4295349 DOI: 10.1155/2014/809283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism and 1H NMR were used to investigate the interactions of a
series of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Previous CD studies with AMPs
containing only three Tic-Oic dipeptide units do not exhibit helical characteristics upon
interacting with small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) consisting of LPS. Increasing the number of
Tic-Oic dipeptide units to six resulted in five analogues with CD spectra that exhibited helical
characteristics on binding to LPS SUVs. Spectroscopic and in vitro inhibitory data suggest that
there are two possible helical conformations resulting from two different AMP-LPS binding
mechanisms. Mechanism one involves a helical binding conformation where the AMP binds
LPS very strongly and is not efficiently transported across the LPS bilayer resulting in the loss of
inhibitory activity. Mechanism two involves a helical binding conformation where the AMP
binds LPS very loosely and is efficiently transported across the LPS bilayer resulting in an
increase in inhibitory activity. Mechanism three involves a nonhelical binding conformation
where the AMP binds LPS very loosely and is efficiently transported across the LPS bilayer
resulting in an increase in inhibitory activity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chai H, Allen WE, Hicks RP. Spectroscopic investigations of the binding mechanisms between antimicrobial peptides and membrane models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4210-22. [PMID: 24931276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CD spectroscopy was used to investigate the interactions of a series of synthetic AMPs with LPS isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as with various phospholipids to better approximate the chemical composition of the membranes of these two strains of Gram-negative bacteria. This investigation was conducted in order to probe how the contributions of key physicochemical properties of an AMP vary in different regions of the membranes of these two bacteria. The conclusions from this study are as follows. (1) The binding interactions between the AMP and the membranes are defined by the complementarity of delocalization of positive charge density of the basic amino side chains (i.e., electrostatics), molecular flexibility of the peptide backbone, and overall hydrophobicity. (2) The binding interactions of these AMPs to LPS seem to be predominantly with the lipid A region of the LPS. (3) Incorporation of phospholipids into the LPS containing SUVs resulted in dramatic changes in the conformational equilibrium of the bound AMPs. (4) For the LPS-phospholipid models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, delocalization of the side chain positive charge plays a major role in determining the number of conformers that contribute to the binding conformational equilibrium. This relationship was not observed for the models of the outer and inner membranes of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Chai
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - William E Allen
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Rickey P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Walsh P, Vanderlee G, Yau J, Campeau J, Sim VL, Yip CM, Sharpe S. The mechanism of membrane disruption by cytotoxic amyloid oligomers formed by prion protein(106-126) is dependent on bilayer composition. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10419-10430. [PMID: 24554723 PMCID: PMC4036164 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of fibrillar aggregates has long been associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Although fibrils are still considered important to the pathology of these disorders, it is now widely understood that smaller amyloid oligomers are the toxic entities along the misfolding pathway. One characteristic shared by the majority of amyloid oligomers is the ability to disrupt membranes, a commonality proposed to be responsible for their toxicity, although the mechanisms linking this to cell death are poorly understood. Here, we describe the physical basis for the cytotoxicity of oligomers formed by the prion protein (PrP)-derived amyloid peptide PrP(106-126). We show that oligomers of this peptide kill several mammalian cells lines, as well as mouse cerebellar organotypic cultures, and we also show that they exhibit antimicrobial activity. Physical perturbation of model membranes mimicking bacterial or mammalian cells was investigated using atomic force microscopy, polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Disruption of anionic membranes proceeds through a carpet or detergent model as proposed for other antimicrobial peptides. By contrast, when added to zwitterionic membranes containing cholesterol-rich ordered domains, PrP(106-126) oligomers induce a loss of domain separation and decreased membrane disorder. Loss of raft-like domains may lead to activation of apoptotic pathways, resulting in cell death. This work sheds new light on the physical mechanisms of amyloid cytotoxicity and is the first to clearly show membrane type-specific modes of action for a cytotoxic peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walsh
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8
| | - Gillian Vanderlee
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1
| | - Jason Yau
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8
| | - Jody Campeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Valerie L Sim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1
| | - Simon Sharpe
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Novotná P, Goncharova I, Urbanová M. Mutual structural effect of bilirubin and model membranes by vibrational circular dichroism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:831-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
31
|
Ghosh A, Datta A, Jana J, Kar RK, Chatterjee C, Chatterjee S, Bhunia A. Sequence context induced antimicrobial activity: insight into lipopolysaccharide permeabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:1596-612. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into the permeabilization of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria by an antimicrobial peptide lactoferrampin, a 17 residue peptide, using high and low resolution spectroscopy in conjunction with MD simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Aritreyee Datta
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Jagannath Jana
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Kar
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guzmán F, Marshall S, Ojeda C, Albericio F, Carvajal-Rondanelli P. Inhibitory effect of short cationic homopeptides against gram-positive bacteria. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:792-800. [PMID: 24243601 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the selection or design of antimicrobial peptides, the key role played by cationic amino acids and chain length on the inhibitory potency and specificity is not clear. A fundamental study was conducted using chemically synthesized homopeptides of L-Lys and L-Arg ranging from 7 to 14 residues. Their effect on growth inhibition was evaluated over a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria at different levels of concentration. Interestingly, at lower concentrations (10 μM), Lys homopeptides with odd number of residues, especially with 11 residues, showed a broader inhibitory activity than those with even number of residues. At higher peptide concentrations (>20 μM), the inhibitory activity of Lys homopeptides was directly related to the number of residues in the chain. In contrast, Arg homopeptides, at lower concentrations, did not exhibit a defined pattern of bacterial inhibition related to the number of residues; however, at higher concentrations (>20 μM), the inhibitory effects were more pronounced. Lys homopeptides at concentrations up to 300 μM showed a remarkably lower toxicity against CHSE-214 cells. Arg homopeptides exhibited negligible cytotoxicity up to chain length of 11 residues at concentrations lower than 100 μM, but an abrupt increase in toxicity resulted when the peptide chain length reached 12 amino acid residues and higher concentrations. All synthesized homopeptides displayed characteristic polyproline II helix conformation in both buffer and liposomes, as shown by CD spectroscopy. This result suggests that short Lys homopeptides with an odd number of residues (9 and 11) have a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacterial cells compared with Arg homopeptides, which in turn showed a considerably higher selectivity toward those cells. By investigating the differences between Lys and Arg homopeptides, this study contributes to the understanding of their mechanism of growth inhibition and selectivity. Thus, it provides further guidelines for a rational design of short antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología de Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile and Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Balhara V, Schmidt R, Gorr SU, DeWolf C. Membrane selectivity and biophysical studies of the antimicrobial peptide GL13K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
34
|
Hicks RP, Abercrombie JJ, Wong RK, Leung KP. Antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acid exhibit potent bactericidal activity against ESKAPE pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2012. [PMID: 23199484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 36 synthetic antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids were screened to determine their effectiveness to treat Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) pathogens, which are known to commonly infect chronic wounds. The primary amino acid sequences of these peptides incorporate either three or six dipeptide units consisting of the unnatural amino acids Tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid (Tic) and Octahydroindolecarboxylic acid (Oic). The Tic-Oic dipeptide units are separated by SPACER amino acids with specific physicochemical properties that control how these peptides interact with bacterial cell membranes of different chemical compositions. These peptides exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against these pathogens in the range from >100 to 6.25 μg/mL. The observed diversity of MIC values for these peptides against the various bacterial strains are consistent with our hypothesis that the complementarity of the physicochemical properties of the peptide and the lipid of the bacteria's cell membrane determines the resulting antibacterial activity of the peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Antibacterial activity and dual mechanisms of peptide analog derived from cell-penetrating peptide against Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus pyogenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1711-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
36
|
Novotná P, Urbanová M. Vibrational circular dichroism study of polypeptide model–membrane systems. Anal Biochem 2012; 427:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Li L, Shi Y, Su G, Le G. Selectivity for and destruction of Salmonella typhimurium via a membrane damage mechanism of a cell-penetrating peptide ppTG20 analogue. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:337-43. [PMID: 22819152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
P7, an analogue of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ppTG20, was derived by replacing Phe and Trp with Arg based on the structure-activity relationships of CPPs and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). P7 showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium at 4 μM and possessed broad antimicrobial activity greater than its parent peptide. P7 displayed good selectivity, with low haemolysis below its minimum inhibitory concentration range, but displayed cytotoxic activity against the HT29 and MDA-MB231 mammalian cell lines. Studies of calcein leakage from egg yolk L-α-phosphatidylcholine/egg yolk L-α-phosphatidyl-DL-glycerol (EYPC/EYPG) (bacterial membrane mimic) and EYPC/cholesterol (eukaryotic membrane mimic) vesicles also demonstrated that P7 exhibited high selectivity and caused pore formation in the bacterial membrane. Circular dichroism experiments suggested that the conformation of P7 underwent transitions from a random coil in sodium phosphate buffer to an α-helical conformation in bacterial model membranes. P7 induced influx of the membrane fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) and the nucleic acid fluorescent probe SYTOX(®) Green by increasing live S. typhimurium cell outer membrane and plasma membrane permeability, respectively. P7 also induced ion channel formation in the cell plasma membrane causing leakage of potassium ions. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that S. typhimurium cell membrane integrity was destroyed following incubation with P7. These results indicated that P7 exhibited good bacterial selectivity and exerted its antibacterial activity by a membrane damage mechanism. Furthermore, these results suggested that CPPs may represent a source of templates for AMP design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LiRong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghai R, Falconer RJ, Collins BM. Applications of isothermal titration calorimetry in pure and applied research--survey of the literature from 2010. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:32-52. [PMID: 22213449 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a biophysical technique for measuring the formation and dissociation of molecular complexes and has become an invaluable tool in many branches of science from cell biology to food chemistry. By measuring the heat absorbed or released during bond formation, ITC provides accurate, rapid, and label-free measurement of the thermodynamics of molecular interactions. In this review, we survey the recent literature reporting the use of ITC and have highlighted a number of interesting studies that provide a flavour of the diverse systems to which ITC can be applied. These include measurements of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions required for macromolecular assembly, analysis of enzyme kinetics, experimental validation of molecular dynamics simulations, and even in manufacturing applications such as food science. Some highlights include studies of the biological complex formed by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C3 and the murine T-cell receptor, the mechanism of membrane association of the Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein, and the role of non-specific tannin-protein interactions in the quality of different beverages. Recent developments in automation are overcoming limitations on throughput imposed by previous manual procedures and promise to greatly extend usefulness of ITC in the future. We also attempt to impart some practical advice for getting the most out of ITC data for those researchers less familiar with the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ghai
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
The effect of the length and flexibility of the side chain of basic amino acids on the binding of antimicrobial peptides to zwitterionic and anionic membrane model systems. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1723-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Hicks RP, Russell AL. Application of unnatural amino acids to the de novo design of selective antibiotic peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 794:135-167. [PMID: 21956561 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-331-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique mechanism of cytotoxicity against bacteria and other microorganisms, antimicrobial peptides have received a great deal of attention as possible therapeutic agents. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into the peptide sequences has the potential to improve the organism selectivity and potency of these peptides as well as increase their metabolic stability. This protocol outlines the logic used to selectively incorporate unnatural amino acid into a peptide sequence in an attempt to obtain peptides with increased therapeutic potential as antibiotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rickey P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Russell AL, Spuches AM, Williams BC, Venugopal D, Klapper D, Srouji AH, Hicks RP. The effect of the placement and total charge of the basic amino acid clusters on antibacterial organism selectivity and potency. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7008-22. [PMID: 22047803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extensive circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry and induced calcein leakage studies were conducted on a series of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with a varying number of Lys residues located at either the C-terminus or the N-terminus to gain insight into their effect on the mechanisms of binding with zwitterionic and anionic membrane model systems. Different CD spectra were observed for these AMPs in the presence of zwitterionic DPC and anionic SDS micelles indicating that they adopt different conformations on binding to the surfaces of zwitterionic and anionic membrane models. Different CD spectra were observed for these AMPs in the presence of zwitterionic POPC and anionic mixed 4:1 POPC/POPG LUVs and SUVs, indicating that they adopt very different conformations on interaction with these two types of LUVs and SUVs. In addition, ITC and calcein leakage data indicated that all the AMPs studied interact via very different mechanisms with anionic and zwitterionic LUVs. ITC data suggest these peptides interact primarily with the surface of zwitterionic LUVs while they insert into and form pores in anionic LUVs. CD studies indicated that these compounds adopt different conformations depending on the ratio of POPC to POPG lipids present in the liposome. There are detectable spectroscopic and thermodynamic differences between how each of these AMPs interacts with membranes, that is position and total charge density defines how these AMPs interact with specific membrane models and thus partially explain the resulting diversity of antibacterial activity of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Russell
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology, Suite 300, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Russell AL, Kennedy AM, Spuches AM, Gibson WS, Venugopal D, Klapper D, Srouji AH, Bhonsle JB, Hicks RP. Determining the effect of the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into antimicrobial peptides on the interactions with zwitterionic and anionic membrane model systems. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:740-58. [PMID: 21945566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circular Dichroism (CD), isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and calcein fluorescence leakage experiments were conducted to provide insight into the mechanisms of binding of a series of antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids (Ac-XF-Tic-Oic-XK-Tic-Oic-XF-Tic-Oic-XK-Tic-KKKK-CONH(2)) to zwitterionic and anionic micelles, SUVs and LUVs; where X (Spacer# 1) is either Gly, β-Ala, Gaba or 6-aminohexanoic acid. It is the intent of this investigation to correlate these interactions with the observed potency and selectivity against several different strains of bacteria. The CD spectra of these compounds in the presence of zwitterionic DPC micelles and anionic SDS micelles are very different indicating that these compounds adopt different conformations on binding to the surface of anionic and zwitterionic membrane models. These compounds also exhibited very different CD spectra in the presence of zwitterionic POPC and anionic mixed 4:1 POPC/POPG SUVs and LUVs, indicating the formation of different conformations on interaction with the two membrane types. This observation is also supported by ITC and calcein leakage data. ITC data suggested these peptides interact primarily with the surface of zwitterionic LUVs and was further supported by fluorescence experiments where the interactions do not appear to be concentration dependent. In the presence of anionic membranes, the interactions appear more complex and the calorimetric and fluorescence data both imply pore formation is dependent on peptide concentration. Furthermore, evidence suggests that as the length of Spacer# 1 increases the mechanism of pore formation also changes. Based on the observed differences in the mechanisms of interactions with zwitterionic and anionic LUVs these AMPs are potential candidates for further drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Russell
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Venugopal D, Klapper D, Srouji AH, Bhonsle JB, Borschel R, Mueller A, Russell AL, Williams BC, Hicks RP. Novel antimicrobial peptides that exhibit activity against select agents and other drug resistant bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5137-47. [PMID: 20558071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divakaramenon Venugopal
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|