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Shu L, Qiu H, Zhang S, Xue J, Liu S, Qian J, Chen S, Xu Y, Li Y. Rapid identification of chemical compositions of three species of Schisandra chinensis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300466. [PMID: 37599277 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has played an important role in the field of medicine and food. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap-mass spectrometry was used to rapidly classify and identify the chemical compositions. Note that 32, 28, and 30 kinds of compounds were successfully identified from northern Schisandra chinensis, vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis, and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis, respectively. The cleavage patterns of various components including lignans, organic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids were summarized, and the effects of different processing methods on Schisandra chinensis were analyzed through chemical composition. This method realized the rapid classification and identification of raw Schisandra chinensis and two different processed products, and provided references for improving the traditional processing methods, strengthening quality control, and ensuring safe clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Shu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- The pharmacy Department of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Siyue Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Xue L, Liu K, Yan C, Dun J, Xu Y, Wu L, Yang H, Liu H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Schisandra lignans ameliorate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating aberrant metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamines. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3545-3560. [PMID: 37655337 PMCID: PMC10465965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a spectrum of chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic lipid metabolism disorder. Recent reports emphasized the contribution of triglyceride and diglyceride accumulation to NASH, while the other lipids associated with the NASH pathogenesis remained unexplored. The specific purpose of our study was to explore a novel pathogenesis and treatment strategy of NASH via profiling the metabolic characteristics of lipids. Herein, multi-omics techniques based on LC-Q-TOF/MS, LC-MS/MS and MS imaging were developed and used to screen the action targets related to NASH progress and treatment. A methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced mouse model of NASH was then constructed, and Schisandra lignans extract (SLE) was applied to alleviate hepatic damage by regulating the lipid metabolism-related enzymes CES2A and CYP4A14. Hepatic lipidomics indicated that MCD-diet led to aberrant accumulation of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and SLE could significantly reduce the accumulation of intrahepatic PEs. Notably, exogenous PE (18:0/18:1) was proved to significantly aggravate the mitochondrial damage and hepatocyte apoptosis. Supplementing PE (18:0/18:1) also deteriorated the NASH progress by up regulating intrahepatic proinflammatory and fibrotic factors, while PE synthase inhibitor exerted a prominent hepatoprotective role. The current work provides new insights into the relationship between PE metabolism and the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xue
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Keanqi Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junling Dun
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huizhu Yang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huafang Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Liu J, Shi JL, Guo JY, Chen Y, Ma XJ, Wang SN, Zheng ZQ, Lin MX, He S. Anxiolytic-like effect of Suanzaoren-Wuweizi herb-pair and evidence for the involvement of the monoaminergic system in mice based on network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36624423 PMCID: PMC9830753 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suanzaoren-Wuweizi herb-pair (SWHP), composed of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (Suanzaoren in Chinese) and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi in Chinese), is a traditional herbal formula that has been extensively used for the treatment of insomnia. The study aimed to explore the targets and signal pathways of Suanzaoren-Wuweizi (S-W) in the treatment of anxiety by network pharmacology, and to verify the pharmacodynamics and key targets of SWHP in mice. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) as well as literature mining were used to obtain the main chemical ingredients of Suanzaoren and Wuweizi. The SwissTargetPrediction platform was used to predict drug-related targets. The GeneCards, TTD, DisGeNET and OMIM databases were used to obtain potential targets for the treatment of anxiety with the chemical components of S-W. Drug-disease intersection genes were selected, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING. The core targets of S-W in the treatment of anxiety were selected according to the topological parameters, and GO functional enrichment as well as KEGG pathways enrichment analyses were performed for potential targets. The relationship network of the "drug-active ingredient-disease-target-pathway" was constructed through Cytoscape 3.8.0. The pharmacodynamics of SWHP in the treatment of anxiety was evaluated by the elevated plus maze (EPM), the light/dark box test (LDB) and the open field test (OFT). The mechanisms were examined by measuring monoamine neurotransmitters in brain of mice. RESULTS The results showed that there were 13 active ingredients for the treatment of anxiety in the network. This includes sanjoinenine, swertisin, daucosterol, schizandrer B, wuweizisu C and gomisin-A. Additionally, there were 148 targets, such as AKT1, TNF, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, EGFR, ESR1, HSP90AA1, CCND1, and DRD2, mainly involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, the Serotonergic synapse pathway and the cAMP signaling pathway. After 1 week of treatment, SWHP (2 and 3 g/kg) induced a significant increase on the percentage of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the EPM. In the LDB test, SWHP exerted anxiolytic-like effect at 2 g/kg. In the open-field test, SWHP (2 g/kg) increased the number of central entries and time spent in central areas. The levels of brain monoamines (5-HT and DA) and their metabolites (5-HIAA, DOPAC) were decreased after SWHP treatment. CONCLUSIONS The anti-anxiety effect of SWHP may be mediated by regulating 5-HT, DA and other signaling pathways. These findings demonstrated that SWHP produced an anxiolytic-like effect and the mechanism of action involves the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, although underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Li Shi
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Jian-You Guo
- grid.454868.30000 0004 1797 8574Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yi Chen
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ma
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Zhi-Quan Zheng
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Ming-Xuan Lin
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Shuai He
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488 China
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Zhu W, Luo W, Han J, Zhang Q, Ji L, Samorodov AV, Pavlov VN, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Yin L, Huang L, Liang G, Huh JY, Wang Y. Schisandrin B protects against LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury by targeting MyD88. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154489. [PMID: 36270224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging clinical syndrome that manifests as an acute inflammatory response. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a bioactive lignan from Schisandra genus plants, has been shown to suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study performed an in-depth investigation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Sch B in macrophages and in an animal model of ALI. METHODS qPCR array was used to probe the differential effects and potential target of Sch B. ALI was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS in experimental mice with or without Sch B treatment. RESULTS Our studies show that Sch B differentially modulates inflammatory factor induction by LPS in macrophages by directly binding myeloid differentiation response factor-88 (MyD88), an essential adaptor protein in the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathway. Sch B spares non-MyD88-pathways downstream of TLR4. Such inhibition suppressed key signaling mediators such as TAK1, MAPKs, and NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory factor induction. Pull down assay using biotinylated-Sch B validate the direct interaction between Sch B and MyD88 in macrophages. Treatment of mice with Sch B prior to LPS challenge reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs, induction of MyD88-pathway signaling proteins, and prevented inflammatory cytokine induction. CONCLUSION In summary, our studies have identified MyD88 as a direct target of Sch B for its anti-inflammatory activity, and suggest that Sch B may have therapeutic value for acute lung injury and other MyD88-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lijun Ji
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Valentin N Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450005, Russia
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Daona Yang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Lina Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China.
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Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Schisandra chinensis: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and biological activities. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fernández-Ochoa Á, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Pimentel-Moral S, Segura-Carretero A. The Role of High-Resolution Analytical Techniques in the Development of Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063220. [PMID: 33809986 PMCID: PMC8004826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The approaches based on high-resolution analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry coupled to chromatographic techniques, have a determining role in several of the stages necessary for the development of functional foods. The analyses of botanical extracts rich in bioactive compounds is one of the fundamental steps in order to identify and quantify their phytochemical composition. However, the compounds characterized in the extracts are not always responsible for the bioactive properties because they generally undergo metabolic reactions before reaching the therapeutic targets. For this reason, analytical techniques are also applied to analyze biological samples to know the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and/or metabolism of the compounds ingested by animal or human models in nutritional intervention studies. In addition, these studies have also been applied to determine changes of endogenous metabolites caused by prolonged intake of compounds with bioactive potential. This review aims to describe the main types and modes of application of high-resolution analytical techniques in all these steps for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Sandra Pimentel-Moral
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
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Lin H, Zhang X, Liu J, Yuan L, Liu J, Wang C, Sun J, Chen J, Jing S, Li H. Schisantherin A improves learning and memory abilities partly through regulating the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway in chronic fatigue mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 33680107 PMCID: PMC7918174 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue is frequently accompanied by decreased learning and memory capabilities. Schizantherin A (SCA) is one of the main active monomer components in Schisandra chinensis lignans. In the present study, a chronic fatigue mouse model was established using the exhausted swimming approach to investigate the effects of SCA on learning and memory and its associated mechanism of action. Learning and memory abilities were tested by step through tests and water maze methods. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hippocampal tissue were measured by corresponding assays. The effect of SCA on the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bcl2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by western blot. The present results showed that SCA can improve the learning and memory capabilities of chronic fatigue mice. SCA was found to increase the activities of SOD and CAT in addition to increasing the levels of GSH but reduced the levels of MDA in hippocampus tissues. Furthermore, SCA treatment downregulated the protein expression levels of Keap1, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and upregulated the protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO1 and Bcl2 in the hippocampus. These results suggested that modulations in the Nrf2-Keap1-antioxidant response element pathway, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis effects are the causes underlying the improvements from SCA treatment on the learning and memory abilities of chronic fatigue mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Neurology Department, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jing
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
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Guo Y, Chi H, Liu X, Sun X, Wang Y, Liu S. Rapid characterization of Schisandra species by using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113648. [PMID: 33010499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time ionization source coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (DART-Q-Orbitrap MS) was applied to analyze the Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (S. sphenanthera) samples. The experimental condition including the ionization gas and gas temperature were optimized to obtain the best performance. The DART-MS analysis was operated using helium at 250 °C. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted based on the DART-MS data to explore the differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera samples. The clear separation between groups was observed in the PLS-DA score plot, indicating the chemome diversity of these two samples. Then 8 compounds that contribute most to the sample classification were selected and annotated, and the intensity change tendency of these compounds was similar to that obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Besides, these two species can also be discriminated by examining the existence of the compound anwulignan at m/z 328.1656 in this study. Our results show that DART-MS is a powerful analytical tool with the merit of rapid analysis speed, easy to handle, low consumption of organic solvent, and has the great potential for rapid detection and discrimination of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. It is expected that the established method could provide a rapid, reliable method for the quality assessment of Schisandra species, and expand this method to the analysis of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Guo
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hongyue Chi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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10
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Zhang JW, He JY, Wang CZ, Yang FQ, Zhou LD, Zhang QH, Xia ZN, Yuan CS. Simultaneous extraction of several targets by using non-toxic dual template molecularly imprinted polymers in vivo and in vitro. Talanta 2020; 219:121283. [PMID: 32887173 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this report, a non-toxic Dual Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (DMIPs) was synthesized with quercetin and schisandrin b as template molecules, using deep-eutectic solvents as functional monomers for the first time. The DMIPs were used to efficiently and simultaneously enrich quercetin and schisandrin b from the mixed crude extracts of penthorum and schisandra. The results indicated that the DMIPs exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics (80 min for adsorption equilibrium) and high selectivity. The largest adsorbing capacities to quercetin and schisandrin b were 23.58 mg/g and 41.64 mg/g, respectively. After presaturation with quercetin and schisandrin b, the nontoxic saturated DMIPs were fed to the mice. Blood samples of the mice were taken and both quercetin and schisandrin b were successfully detected. The pharmacokinetics of quercetin and schisandrin b were similar to reports in the literature where mice were directly fed with botanicals. Our study provides a reliable protocol such that DMIPs can be used to separate and enrich several target molecules simultaneously from complex biological systems. Our findings suggested that the DMIPs have potential application as a drug delivery system of compound herbal formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jia-Yuan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lian-Di Zhou
- Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Tang Center of Herbal Medicine and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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11
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Onay S, Hofer S, Ganzera M. Rapid analysis of nine lignans in Schisandra chinensis by supercritical fluid chromatography using diode array and mass spectrometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Gao Y, Wu S. Thermal and oxidation stability of functional oleogels formed by edible wax/starch and Schisandra chinensis oil. Food Funct 2019; 10:8056-8068. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01727e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work was aimed at the evaluation of stability of components in oleogels and providing a quick, visual description of the relationship between the composition of an oleogel and its thermal and oxidation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- School of Agriculture and Biology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- School of Agriculture and Biology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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