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Pooranachithra M, Jyo EM, Ernst AM, Chisholm AD. C. elegans epicuticlins define specific compartments in the apical extracellular matrix and function in wound repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575393. [PMID: 38260454 PMCID: PMC10802564 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of external epithelia often contains lipid-rich outer layers that contribute to permeability barrier function. The external aECM of nematode is known as the cuticle and contains an external lipid-rich layer, the epicuticle. Epicuticlins are a family of tandem repeat proteins originally identified as components of the insoluble fraction of the cuticular aECM and thought to localize in or near epicuticle. However, there has been little in vivo analysis of epicuticlins. Here, we report the localization analysis of the three C. elegans epicuticlins (EPIC proteins) using fluorescent protein knock-ins to visualize endogenously expressed proteins, and further examine their in vivo function using genetic null mutants. By TIRF microscopy, we find that EPIC-1 and EPIC-2 localize to the surface of the cuticle in larval and adult stages in close proximity to the outer lipid layer. EPIC-1 and EPIC-2 also localize to interfacial cuticles and adult-specific cuticle struts. EPIC-3 expression is restricted to the stress-induced dauer stage, where it localizes to interfacial aECM in the buccal cavity. Strikingly, skin wounding in the adult induces epic-3 expression, and EPIC-3::mNG localizes to wound scars. Null mutants lacking one, two, or all three EPIC proteins display reduced survival after skin wounding yet are viable with low penetrance defects in epidermal morphogenesis. Our results suggest EPIC proteins define specific aECM compartments and have roles in wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Pooranachithra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Erin M Jyo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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2
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O’Rourke D, Gravato-Nobre MJ, Stroud D, Pritchett E, Barker E, Price RL, Robinson SA, Spiro S, Kuwabara P, Hodgkin J. Isolation and molecular identification of nematode surface mutants with resistance to bacterial pathogens. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad056. [PMID: 36911920 PMCID: PMC10151413 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with surface abnormalities have been isolated by utilizing their resistance to a variety of bacterial pathogens (Microbacterium nematophilum, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and 2 Leucobacter strains), all of which are able to cause disease or death when worms are grown on bacterial lawns containing these pathogens. Previous work led to the identification of 9 srf or bus genes; here, we report molecular identification and characterization of a further 10 surface-affecting genes. Three of these were found to encode factors implicated in glycosylation (srf-2, bus-5, and bus-22), like several of those previously reported; srf-2 belongs to the GT92 family of putative galactosyltransferases, and bus-5 is homologous to human dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, which is implicated in Catel-Manzke syndrome. Other genes encoded proteins with sequence similarity to phosphatidylinositol phosphatases (bus-6), Patched-related receptors (ptr-15/bus-13), steroid dehydrogenases (dhs-5/bus-21), or glypiation factors (bus-24). Three genes appeared to be nematode-specific (srf-5, bus-10, and bus-28). Many mutants exhibited cuticle fragility as revealed by bleach and detergent sensitivity; this fragility was correlated with increased drug sensitivity, as well as with abnormal skiddy locomotion. Most of the genes examined were found to be expressed in epidermal seam cells, which appear to be important for synthesizing nematode surface coat. The results reveal the genetic and biochemical complexity of this critical surface layer, and provide new tools for its analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia O’Rourke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Dave Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Emily Pritchett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Emily Barker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rebecca L Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sarah A Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Simon Spiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Hodgkin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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3
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Njume FN, Razzauti A, Soler M, Perschin V, Fazeli G, Bourez A, Delporte C, Ghogomu SM, Poelvoorde P, Pichard S, Birck C, Poterszman A, Souopgui J, Van Antwerpen P, Stigloher C, Vanhamme L, Laurent P. A lipid transfer protein ensures nematode cuticular impermeability. iScience 2022; 25:105357. [PMID: 36339267 PMCID: PMC9626681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle of C. elegans is impermeable to chemicals, toxins, and pathogens. However, increased permeability is a desirable phenotype because it facilitates chemical uptake. Surface lipids contribute to the permeability barrier. Here, we identify the lipid transfer protein GMAP-1 as a critical element setting the permeability of the C. elegans cuticle. A gmap-1 deletion mutant increases cuticular permeability to sodium azide, levamisole, Hoechst, and DiI. Expressing GMAP-1 in the hypodermis or transiently in the adults is sufficient to rescue this gmap-1 permeability phenotype. GMAP-1 protein is secreted from the hypodermis to the aqueous fluid filling the space between collagen fibers of the cuticle. In vitro, GMAP-1 protein binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine while in vivo, GMAP-1 sets the surface lipid composition and organization. Altogether, our results suggest GMAP-1 secreted by hypodermis shuttles lipids to the surface to form the permeability barrier of C. elegans. GMAP-1 is secreted by the hypodermis toward the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans GMAP-1 binds and shuttle phosphoglycerides GMAP-1 sets the lipid composition of the cuticle While healthy, gmap-1 mutant displays high cuticular permeability
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Ngale Njume
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adria Razzauti
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Miguel Soler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Fazeli
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axelle Bourez
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stephen M. Ghogomu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simon Pichard
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laurent
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author
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4
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Sailer S, Lackner K, Pras-Raves ML, Wever EJ, van Klinken JB, Dane AD, Geley S, Koch J, Golderer G, Werner-Felmayer G, Keller MA, Zwerschke W, Vaz FM, Werner ER, Watschinger K. Adaptations of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte lipidome to defective ether lipid catabolism upon alkylglycerol monooxygenase knockdown. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100222. [PMID: 35537527 PMCID: PMC9192799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Jia G, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li Y, Lv B. Gas-Phase Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol with Methanol to Methyl Glyceryl Ethers over Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on Alumina. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29370-29379. [PMID: 34778610 PMCID: PMC8581982 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol can be dehydrated with methanol to produce methyl glyceryl ethers as biologicals and diesel fuel additives. Considering the high efficiency of mass transfer and product separation in the gas-solid catalytic process, a fixed-bed continuous-flow reactor was used to carry out the catalyst evaluation test of the process at 564 K. Compared with zirconium sulfate, lanthanum nitrate, and ammonium molybdate, phosphotungstic acid exhibits a higher target product selectivity. Through loading experiments, it was found that the optimal loading fraction of phosphotungstic acid on alumina is 10 wt %. After the alumina carrier is impregnated with nitric acid, the selectivity and yield of monomethyl glycerol ether can be effectively improved, and it has little effect on other products. A test of the addition amount of cerium nitrate as a promoter was carried out. It was shown in the test that when the addition amount of cerium nitrate is 10 wt %, the catalyst life increases from 2 to 3.5 h and the selectivity of dimethyl glycerol ether increases to 54.51%, which is twice the original. However, the selectivities of monomethyl glycerol ether and trimethyl glycerol ether decrease by one-half each. Through catalyst characterization, it was shown that carbon deposition on the catalyst surface is one of the reasons for catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Jia
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Laishuan Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yu Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Baoliang Lv
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
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6
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Brown CJ, Trieber C, Overduin M. Structural biology of endogenous membrane protein assemblies in native nanodiscs. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 69:70-77. [PMID: 33915422 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of amphiphilic copolymers enables integral membrane proteins to be solubilized into stable 10-30 nm native nanodiscs to resolve their multisubunit structures, post-translational modifications, endogenous lipid bilayers, and small molecule ligands. This breakthrough has positioned biological membrane:protein assemblies (memteins) as fundamental functional units of cellular membranes. Herein, we review copolymer design strategies and methods for the characterization of transmembrane proteins within native nanodiscs by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, surface plasmon resonance, and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanelle J Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Catharine Trieber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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7
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Overduin M, Wille H, Westaway D. Multisite interactions of prions with membranes and native nanodiscs. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105063. [PMID: 33600804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although prions are known as protein-only infectious particles, they exhibit lipid specificities, cofactor dependencies and membrane-dependent activities. Such membrane interactions play key roles in how prions are processed, presented and regulated, and hence have significant functional consequences. The expansive literature related to prion protein interactions with lipids and native nanodiscs is discussed, and provides a unique opportunity to re-evaluate the molecular composition and mechanisms of its infectious and cellular states. A family of crystal and solution structures of prions are analyzed here for the first time using the membrane optimal docking area (MODA) program, revealling the presence of structured binding elements that could mediate specific lipid recognition. A set of motifs centerred around W99, L125, Y169 and Y226 are consistently predicted as being membrane interactive and form an exposed surface which includes α helical, β strand and loop elements involving the prion protein (PrP) structural domain, while the scrapie form is radically different and doubles the size of the membrane interactive site into an extensible surface. These motifs are highly conserved throughout mammalian evolution, suggesting that prions have long been intrinsically attached to membranes at central and N- and C-terminal points, providing several opportunities for stable and specific bilayer interactions as well as multiple complexed orientations. Resistance or susceptibility to prion disease correlates with increased or decreased membrane binding propensity by mutant forms, respectively, indicating a protective role by lipids. The various prion states found in vivo are increasingly resolvable using native nanodiscs formed by styrene maleic acid (SMA) and stilbene maleic acid (STMA) copolymers rather than classical detergents, allowing the endogenous states to be tackled. These copolymers spontaneously fragment intact membranes into water-soluble discs holding a section of native bilayer, and can accommodate prion multimers and mini-fibrils. Such nanodiscs have also proven useful for understanding how β amyloid and α synuclein proteins contribute to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, providing further biomedical applications. Structural and functional insights of such proteins in styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) can be resolved at high resolution by methods including cryo-electron microscopy (cEM), motivating continued progress in polymer design to resolve biological and pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Holger Wille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Sailer S, Keller MA, Werner ER, Watschinger K. The Emerging Physiological Role of AGMO 10 Years after Its Gene Identification. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020088. [PMID: 33530536 PMCID: PMC7911779 DOI: 10.3390/life11020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) was assigned 10 years ago. So far, AGMO is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the breakdown of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerophospholipids. With the knowledge of the genetic information, it was possible to relate a potential contribution for mutations in the AGMO locus to human diseases by genome-wide association studies. A possible role for AGMO was implicated by genetic analyses in a variety of human pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and immune defence. Deficient catabolism of stored lipids carrying an alkyl bond by an absence of AGMO was shown to impact on the overall lipid composition also outside the ether lipid pool. This review focuses on the current evidence of AGMO in human diseases and summarises experimental evidence for its role in immunity, energy homeostasis, and development in humans and several model organisms. With the progress in lipidomics platform and genetic identification of enzymes involved in ether lipid metabolism such as AGMO, it is now possible to study the consequence of gene ablation on the global lipid pool and further on certain signalling cascades in a variety of model organisms in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sailer
- Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Markus A. Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Biocenter, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (E.R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-9003-70344
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9
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Li Zheng S, Adams JG, Chisholm AD. Form and function of the apical extracellular matrix: new insights from Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and the vertebrate inner ear. Fac Rev 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 33659959 PMCID: PMC7886070 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) are the extracellular layers on the apical sides of epithelia. aECMs form the outer layer of the skin in most animals and line the luminal surface of internal tubular epithelia. Compared to the more conserved basal ECMs (basement membranes), aECMs are highly diverse between tissues and between organisms and have been more challenging to understand at mechanistic levels. Studies in several genetic model organisms are revealing new insights into aECM composition, biogenesis, and function and have begun to illuminate common principles and themes of aECM organization. There is emerging evidence that, in addition to mechanical or structural roles, aECMs can participate in reciprocal signaling with associated epithelia and other cell types. Studies are also revealing mechanisms underlying the intricate nanopatterns exhibited by many aECMs. In this review, we highlight recent findings from well-studied model systems, including the external cuticle and ductal aECMs of Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and other insects and the internal aECMs of the vertebrate inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Li Zheng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer Gotenstein Adams
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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10
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Bada Juarez JF, Muñoz-García JC, Inácio Dos Reis R, Henry A, McMillan D, Kriek M, Wood M, Vandenplas C, Sands Z, Castro L, Taylor R, Watts A. Detergent-free extraction of a functional low-expressing GPCR from a human cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183152. [PMID: 31843475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine receptors (DRs) are class A G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS). These receptors mediate physiological functions ranging from voluntary movement and reward recognition to hormonal regulation and hypertension. Drugs targeting dopaminergic neurotransmission have been employed to treat several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette's syndrome. In vivo, incorporation of GPCRs into lipid membranes is known to be key to their biological function and, by inference, maintenance of their tertiary structure. A further significant challenge in the structural and biochemical characterization of human DRs is their low levels of expression in mammalian cells. Thus, the purification and enrichment of DRs whilst retaining their structural integrity and function is highly desirable for biophysical studies. A promising new approach is the use of styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer to solubilize GPCRs directly in their native environment, to produce polymer-assembled Lipodisqs (LQs). We have developed a novel methodology to yield detergent-free D1-containing Lipodisqs directly from HEK293f cells expressing wild-type human dopamine receptor 1 (D1). We demonstrate that D1 in the Lipodisq retains activity comparable to that in the native environment and report, for the first time, the affinity constant for the interaction of the peptide neurotransmitter neurotensin (NT) with D1, in the native state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Marco Kriek
- UCB Celltech, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Martyn Wood
- UCB BioPharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Zara Sands
- UCB Celltech, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Luis Castro
- UCB Celltech, 216 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | | | - Anthony Watts
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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11
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Hardin NZ, Kocman V, Di Mauro GM, Ravula T, Ramamoorthy A. Metal‐Chelated Polymer Nanodiscs for NMR Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Z. Hardin
- Biophysics Program and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1055 USA
| | - Vojč Kocman
- Biophysics Program and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1055 USA
| | - Giacomo M. Di Mauro
- Biophysics Program and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1055 USA
| | - Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1055 USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1055 USA
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12
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Hardin NZ, Kocman V, Di Mauro GM, Ravula T, Ramamoorthy A. Metal-Chelated Polymer Nanodiscs for NMR Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17246-17250. [PMID: 31529579 PMCID: PMC6861636 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) is commonly used to speed up spin lattice relaxation time (T1 ) for rapid data acquisition in NMR structural studies. Consequently, there is significant interest in novel paramagnetic labels for enhanced NMR studies on biomolecules. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a modified poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) polymer which forms nanodiscs while showing the ability to chelate metal ions. Cu2+ -chelated nanodiscs are demonstrated to reduce the T1 of protons for both polymer and lipid-nanodisc components. The chelated nanodiscs also decrease the proton T1 values for a water-soluble DNA G-quadruplex. These results suggest that polymer nanodiscs functionalized with paramagnetic tags can be used to speed-up data acquisition from lipid bilayer samples and also to provide structural information from water-soluble biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Z Hardin
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Vojč Kocman
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Giacomo M Di Mauro
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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13
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Bada Juarez JF, Harper AJ, Judge PJ, Tonge SR, Watts A. From polymer chemistry to structural biology: The development of SMA and related amphipathic polymers for membrane protein extraction and solubilisation. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:167-175. [PMID: 30940445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles assembled with poly(styrene-maleic acid) copolymers, identified in the literature as Lipodisq, SMALPs or Native Nanodisc, are routinely used as membrane mimetics to stabilise protein structures in their native conformation. To date, transmembrane proteins of varying complexity (up to 8 beta strands or 48 alpha helices) and of a range of molecular weights (from 27 kDa up to 500 kDa) have been incorporated into this particle system for structural and functional studies. SMA and related amphipathic polymers have become versatile components of the biochemist's tool kit for the stabilisation, extraction and structural characterization of membrane proteins by techniques including cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. Lipodisq formation does not require the use of conventional detergents and thus avoids their associated detrimental consequences. Here the development of this technology, from its fundamental concept and design to the diverse range of experimental methodologies to which it can now be applied, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Harper
- Malvern Cosmeceutics Ltd, Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, WR14 3SZ, UK
| | - Peter J Judge
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stephen R Tonge
- Malvern Cosmeceutics Ltd, Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, WR14 3SZ, UK
| | - Anthony Watts
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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