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Liu X, Zhang H, Liu C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhao Y, Li MJ, Li Y, He YL, He G. Commercializable Naphthalene Diimide Anolytes for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405427. [PMID: 38603586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold the potential to facilitate the transition of renewable energy sources from auxiliary to primary energy, the commercial production of anolyte materials still suffers from insufficient performance of high-concentration and the high cost of the preparation problem. To overcome these challenges, this study provides a hydrothermal synthesis methodology and introduces the charged functional groups into hydrophobic naphthalene diimide cores, and prepares a series of high-performance naphthalene diimide anolytes. Under the synergistic effect of π-π stacking and H-bonding networks, the naphthalene diimide exhibits excellent structural stability and the highest water solubility (1.85 M for dex-NDI) reported to date. By employing the hydrothermal method, low-cost naphthalene diimides are successfully synthesized on a hundred-gram scale of $0.16 g-1 ($2.43 Ah-1), which is also the lowest price reported to date. The constructed full battery achieves a high electron concentration of 2.4 M, a high capacity of 54.4 Ah L-1, and a power density of 318 mW cm-2 with no significant capacity decay observed during long-duration cycling. These findings provide crucial support for the commercialization of AORFBs and pave the way for revolutionary developments in neutral AORFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Chenjing Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Zengrong Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Xuri Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Ming-Jia Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yinshi Li
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
| | - Ya-Ling He
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Photoelectromagnetic Functional Materials International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
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2
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Hwang S, Oh M, Lee KJ, Jin CS, Park SK, Seo C, Yeon SH, Kim DH, Gueon D, Han YK, Shin KH. Integration of Functional Groups to Enhance the Solubility and Stability of Viologen in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28645-28654. [PMID: 38787734 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The chemical stability and energy density of redox couples are crucial factors in enhancing the durability and cost competitiveness of aqueous flow batteries. This study proposed integrating functional groups to viologen anolyte to increase its solubility and, consequently, energy density and stability for prolonged performance. Specifically, sulfonate and ester groups were selectively incorporated at the nitrogen sites of viologen to enhance solubility, leveraging their asymmetry and double hydrophilicity. Furthermore, an alpha-methyl group was introduced between the bipyridine and ester groups to enhance the chemical stability by preventing stacking and dimerization that can lead to irreversible degradation. The modified viologen demonstrated a remarkable solubility of 3.0 M in deionized water, corresponding to a volumetric capacity of 80.404 Ah L-1. Additionally, the designed viologen exhibits outstanding retention of 92.4% after 200 cycles with a minimal capacity fading rate of 0.055% per cycle in a 0.1 M flow cell test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghae Hwang
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Minsung Oh
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Keon-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Jin
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Se-Kook Park
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Chaerin Seo
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Yeon
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Donghee Gueon
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Shin
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
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3
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Liu J, Wu W, Zuo P, Yang Z, Xu T. Ultramicroporous Tröger's Base Framework Membranes for pH-Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:328-334. [PMID: 38436221 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Processable polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation ion exchange membranes (IEMs). However, especially with high ion exchange capacity (IEC), IEMs derived from PIMs suffer from severe swelling, thus, resulting in decreased selectivity. To solve this problem, we report ultramicroporous polymer framework membranes constructed with rigid Tröger's Base network chains, which are fabricated via an organic sol-gel process. These membranes demonstrate excellent antiswelling, with swelling ratios below 4.5% at a high IEC of 2.09 mmol g-1, outperforming currently reported PIM membranes. The rigid ultramicropore confinement and charged modification of pore channels endow membranes with both very high size-exclusion selectivity and competitive ion conductivity. The membranes thus enable the efficient and stable operation of pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). This work presents the advantages of polymer framework materials as IEMs and calls for increasing attention to extending their varieties and utilization in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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4
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Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Yu H, He G. Realizing one-step two-electron transfer of naphthalene diimides via a regional charge buffering strategy for aqueous organic redox flow batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1283-1293. [PMID: 38165892 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimide derivatives show great potential for application in neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) due to their highly conjugated molecular structure and stable two-electron storage capacity. However, the two-electron redox process of naphthalene diimides typically occurs via two separate steps with the transfer of one electron per step ("two-step two-electron" transfer process), which leads to an inevitable loss of voltage and energy. Herein, we report a novel regional charge buffering strategy that utilizes the core-substituted electron-donating group to adjust the redox properties of naphthalene diimides, realizing two electron transfer via a single-step redox process ("one-step two-electron" transfer process). The symmetrical battery testing of NDI-DEtOH revealed exceptional intrinsic stability lasting for 11 days with a daily decay rate of only 0.11%. Meanwhile, AORFBs with NDI-DMe/FcNCl and NDI-DEtOH/FcNCl exhibited a remarkable 40% improvement in peak power density at 50% state of charge (SOC) in comparison to NDI/FcNCl-based AORFBs. In addition, the battery's energy efficiency has increased by 24%, resulting in much more stable output power and significantly improved energy efficiency. These results are of great significance to practical applications of AORFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrong Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Xuri Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Yawen Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy of Shaanxi Province, China
- Future Industrial Innovation Institute of Emerging Information Storage and Smart Sensor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
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5
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Yu A, Li C, Chen X, Zhang C, Mei S, Yao CJ. Design and Synthesis of Viologen-based Copolymers for High Performance Li-Dual-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301809. [PMID: 38230562 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Dual-ion batteries based on organic electrodes show great potential to break through the bottlenecks existed in conventional LIBs due to their high specific capacity, lifted working voltage, and environmental benignity. Herein, two innovative viologen-based bipolar copolymers poly(viologen-pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetrone dichloride) (PVPTOCl2 ) and poly(viologen-anthraquinone dichloride) (PVAQCl2 ) were synthesized and applied as high performance cathodes for lithium-dual-ion battery. Bearing the dual-ion storage capability of viologen and carbonyls, as well as the conjugated structure of pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetrone, the synthesized copolymers show remarkable electrochemical performances for LIBs. Compared to PVAQCl2 , PVPTOCl2 shows superior electrochemical performance with high initial specific capacity (235.0 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 ), high reversibility (coulombic efficiency up to 99.96 % at 1 A g-1 ), excellent rate performance (150.3 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 ) and outstanding cycling stability (a reversible capacity of 197.5 mAh g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and a low capacity loss per cycle of 0.11‰ during 3000 cycles). Moreover, the charge storage mechanism was systematically investigated by ex-situ FT-IR, ex-situ XPS and DFT calculations. The results clearly reveal the structure-property relationship of the bipolar-molecules, providing a new platform to develop efficient bipolar materials for dual-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shilin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Wu Z, Wei J, Ding G, Song X, Ma J, Wang W, Jin Z. Screening Ultra-Stable (Phenazine)dioxyalkanocic Acids with Varied Water-Solubilizing Chain Lengths for High-Capacity Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3293-3302. [PMID: 38277694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) hold great potential for large-scale energy storage. Recently, research on aqueous flow batteries has shifted toward water-soluble organic molecules with redox capabilities to reduce the use of mineral resources. The chemical and electrochemical stabilities of organic compounds are heavily influenced by their functional groups and reaction sites. In this study, we present a low-cost synthesis of the O-alkyl-carboxylate-functionalized derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxyphenazine, namely, phenazine-(2,3-diyl) dioxy dibutyric acid (DBEP) and phenazine-(2,3-diyl)dioxy diacetic acid (DAEP), which serve as negolytes and exhibit good reversibility and high redox kinetics. The evidence is provided to clarify the capacity degradation mechanisms of DAEP and DBEP by a series of comprehensive characterizations. Similar to anthraquinones functionalized with alkyl chains, the main degradation mechanism of DAEP modified with acetic acid is due to side chain loss. Longer side chains are more stable and can withstand long-term electrochemical reactions. DBEP modified with butyric acid exhibits superior chemical and electrochemical stability. Our results demonstrate that rational molecular design and suitable membranes, such as the alkaline ARFBs based on DBEP negolyte, potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6) posolyte, and custom sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane, can deliver a high open-circuit voltage of 1.17 V and high capacity retention of 99.997% per cycle for over 1000 cycles at 50 mA cm-2. This study highlights the importance of not only considering the modification position of the molecules but also focusing on the influence of various side chains on the redox core's stability toward sustainable grid-scale energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zuoao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guochun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Song
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Murata T, Hamasaki M, Morita Y. A benzoquinone-imidazole hybrid organic anolyte for aqueous redox flow batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:878-880. [PMID: 38164888 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04840c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A benzoquinone derivative annelated by two imidazole rings was investigated as an organic anolyte of aqueous redox flow batteries. The anolyte showed a high solubility of 0.18 M in 1 M KOH aqueous solution and exhibited a one-step two-electron reversible redox wave with a half-wave potential of -0.59 V VS. SHE. An aqueous redox flow cell comprising the benzoquinone-imidazole hybrid as the anolyte and potassium ferrocyanide as the catholyte showed an operating voltage of ∼1.1 V and minimum capacity fading of over 220 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan.
| | - Marina Hamasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan.
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8
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Mansha M, Ayub A, Khan IA, Ali S, Alzahrani AS, Khan M, Arshad M, Rauf A, Akram Khan S. Recent Development of Electrolytes for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (Aorfbs): Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300284. [PMID: 38010347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have attracted considerable attention due to advancements in grid-level energy storage capacity research. These batteries offer remarkable benefits, including outstanding capacity retention, excellent cell performance, high energy density, and cost-effectiveness. The organic electrolytes in AORFBs exhibit adjustable redox potentials and tunable solubilities in water. Previously, various types of organic electrolytes, such as quinones, organometallic complexes, viologens, redox-active polymers, and organic salts, were extensively investigated for their electrochemical performance and stability. This study presents an overview of recently published novel organic electrolytes for AORFBs in acidic, alkaline, and neutral environments. Furthermore, it delves into the current status, challenges, and prospects of AORFBs, highlighting different strategies to overcome these challenges, with special emphasis placed on their design, composition, functionalities, and cost. A brief techno-economic analysis of various aqueous RFBs is also outlined, considering their potential scalability and integration with renewable energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ibad Ali Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Kramarova EP, Lyakhmun DN, Tarasenko DV, Borisevich SS, Khamitov EM, Yusupova AR, Korlyukov AA, Romanenko AR, Shmigol TA, Bylikin SY, Baukov YI, Negrebetsky VV. Reaction of Picolinamides with Ketones Producing a New Type of Heterocyclic Salts with an Imidazolidin-4-One Ring. Molecules 2023; 29:206. [PMID: 38202789 PMCID: PMC10780162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactions of picolinamides with 1,3-propanesultone in methanol followed by the treatment with ketones led to a series of previously unknown chemical transformations, yielding first pyridinium salts (2a-f), with a protonated endocyclic nitrogen atom, and then heterocyclic salts (3a-j) containing an imidazolidin-4-one ring. The structures of intermediate and final products were determined by IR and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray study. The effects of the ketone and alcohol structures on the product yield were studied by quantum-chemical calculations. The stability of salts 3a-j towards hydrolysis and alcoholysis makes them excellent candidates for the search for new types of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia P. Kramarova
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
| | - Dmitry N. Lyakhmun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
| | - Dmitry V. Tarasenko
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
| | - Sophia S. Borisevich
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Oktyabrya Aven., 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (S.S.B.); (E.M.K.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Edward M. Khamitov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Oktyabrya Aven., 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (S.S.B.); (E.M.K.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Alfia R. Yusupova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Oktyabrya Aven., 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (S.S.B.); (E.M.K.); (A.R.Y.)
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Bl. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander R. Romanenko
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Bl. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Shmigol
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
| | | | - Yuri I. Baukov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
| | - Vadim V. Negrebetsky
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medical Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanov St., Bl. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.K.); (D.N.L.); (D.V.T.); (A.A.K.); (T.A.S.); (Y.I.B.)
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10
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de la Parra S, Tamayo-Ramos JA, Rubio-Presa R, Perez-Antolin D, Ruiz V, Sanz R, Rumbo C, Ventosa E. On the Tunability of Toxicity for Viologen-Derivatives as Anolyte for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300626. [PMID: 37399239 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Viologen-derivatives are the most widely used redox organic molecules for neutral pH negative electrolyte of redox flow batteries. However, the long-established toxicity of the herbicide methyl-viologen raises concern for deployment of viologen-derivatives at large scale in flow batteries. Herein, we demonstrate the radically different cytotoxicity and toxicology of a series of viologen-derivatives in in vitro assays using model organisms representative of human and environmental exposure, namely human lung carcinoma epithelial cell line (A549) and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results show that safe viologen derivatives can be molecularly engineered, representing a promising family of negolyte materials for neutral redox flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra de la Parra
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
- Current Address: ITENE Research Center, Industrial Biotechnology Area, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Rubio-Presa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Daniel Perez-Antolin
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
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11
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Zhu F, Guo W, Fu Y. Functional materials for aqueous redox flow batteries: merits and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8410-8446. [PMID: 37947236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage systems, offering vast potential for large-scale applications. Their unique configuration allows energy and power to be decoupled, making them highly scalable and flexible in design. Aqueous RFBs stand out as the most promising technologies, primarily due to their inexpensive supporting electrolytes and high safety. For aqueous RFBs, there has been a skyrocketing increase in studies focusing on the development of advanced functional materials that offer exceptional merits. They include redox-active materials with high solubility and stability, electrodes with excellent mechanical and chemical stability, and membranes with high ion selectivity and conductivity. This review summarizes the types of aqueous RFBs currently studied, providing an outline of the merits needed for functional materials from a practical perspective. We discuss design principles for redox-active candidates that can exhibit excellent performance, ranging from inorganic to organic active materials, and summarize the development of and need for electrode and membrane materials. Additionally, we analyze the mechanisms that cause battery performance decay from intrinsic features to external influences. We also describe current research priorities and development trends, concluding with a summary of future development directions for functional materials with valuable insights for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yongzhu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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12
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Carrington ME, Sokołowski K, Jónsson E, Zhao EW, Graf AM, Temprano I, McCune JA, Grey CP, Scherman OA. Associative pyridinium electrolytes for air-tolerant redox flow batteries. Nature 2023; 623:949-955. [PMID: 38030777 PMCID: PMC10686829 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinium electrolytes are promising candidates for flow-battery-based energy storage1-4. However, the mechanisms underlying both their charge-discharge processes and overall cycling stability remain poorly understood. Here we probe the redox behaviour of pyridinium electrolytes under representative flow battery conditions, offering insights into air tolerance of batteries containing these electrolytes while providing a universal physico-chemical descriptor of their reversibility. Leveraging a synthetic library of extended bispyridinium compounds, we track their performance over a wide range of potentials and identify the singlet-triplet free energy gap as a descriptor that successfully predicts the onset of previously unidentified capacity fade mechanisms. Using coupled operando nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies5,6, we explain the redox behaviour of these electrolytes and determine the presence of two distinct regimes (narrow and wide energy gaps) of electrochemical performance. In both regimes, we tie capacity fade to the formation of free radical species, and further show that π-dimerization plays a decisive role in suppressing reactivity between these radicals and trace impurities such as dissolved oxygen. Our findings stand in direct contrast to prevailing views surrounding the role of π-dimers in redox flow batteries1,4,7-11 and enable us to efficiently mitigate capacity fade from oxygen even on prolonged (days) exposure to air. These insights pave the way to new electrolyte systems, in which reactivity of reduced species is controlled by their propensity for intra- and intermolecular pairing of free radicals, enabling operation in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Carrington
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamil Sokołowski
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erlendur Jónsson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton M Graf
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Israel Temprano
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jade A McCune
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Yan S, Huang S, Xu H, Li L, Zou H, Ding M, Jia C, Wang Q. Redox Targeting-based Neutral Aqueous Flow Battery with High Energy Density and Low Cost. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300710. [PMID: 37475569 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Neutral aqueous flow batteries with common traits of the redox flow batteries, such as the independence of energy and power, scalability and operational flexibility, and additional merits of outstanding safety and low corrosivity show great promise for storing massive electrical energy from solar and wind energy. Particularly, the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)6 ]3-/4- ) couple has been intensively employed as redox mediator to store energy in the catholyte ascribed to its abundance, low corrosivity, remarkable redox reversibility and stability. However, the low energy density arising from poor solubility of [Fe(CN)6 ]3-/4- restricts their commercial applications for energy storage systems. In this study, the practical energy density of a [Fe(CN)6 ]3-/4- -based catholyte is significantly boosted from 10.5 to 92.8 Wh L-1 by combining the counter-ion effect and the single-molecule redox-targeting (SMRT) reactions between [Fe(CN)6 ]3-/4- and Prussian blue (Fe4 [Fe(CN)6 ]3 , PB)/Prussian white (PW). Paired with concentrated K2 S anolyte, we demonstrate a neutral aqueous SMRT-based PB-Fe/S flow battery with ultra-long lifespan over 7000 cycles (4500 h) and ultra-low chemical cost of electrolytes in the cell as 19.26 $ kWh-1 . Remarkably, under the influences of SMRT reactions in the presence of PB granules in the catholyte, the capacity after 7000 cycles of the PB-Fe/S flow battery is 181.8 % of the initial capacity without PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
| | - Songpeng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - He Xu
- Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Li
- Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zou
- Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ding
- Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
| | - Chuankun Jia
- Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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14
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Zhao Z, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li X, Yu G. Development of flow battery technologies using the principles of sustainable chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6031-6074. [PMID: 37539656 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Realizing decarbonization and sustainable energy supply by the integration of variable renewable energies has become an important direction for energy development. Flow batteries (FBs) are currently one of the most promising technologies for large-scale energy storage. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art progress in FBs from the new perspectives of technological and environmental sustainability, thus guiding the future development of FB technologies. More importantly, we evaluate the current situation and future development of key materials with key aspects of green economy and decarbonization to promote sustainable development and improve the novel energy framework. Finally, we present an analysis of the current challenges and prospects on how to effectively construct low-carbon and sustainable FB materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhao
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Changkun Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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15
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Asenjo-Pascual J, Wiberg C, Shahsavan M, Salmeron-Sanchez I, Mauleon P, Aviles Moreno JR, Ocon P, Peljo P. Sulfonate-Based Triazine Multiple-Electron Anolyte for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:36242-36249. [PMID: 37489711 PMCID: PMC10401562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A new highly soluble triazine derivative (SPr)34TpyTz showing three reversible redox processes with fast kinetics and high diffusion coefficients has been synthesized using an efficient, low-cost, and straightforward synthetic route. Concentrated single cell tests and DFT studies reveal a tendency of the reduced triazine species to form aggregates which could be avoided by tuning the supporting electrolyte concentration. Under the right conditions, (SPr)34TpyTz shows no capacity decay and good Coulombic, voltage, and energy efficiencies for the storage of two electrons. The storage of further electrons leads to a higher capacity decay and an increase of the electrolyte pH, suggesting the irreversible protonation of the generated species. So, a plausible mechanism has been proposed. A higher concentration of (SPr)34TpyTz shows slightly higher capacity decay and lower efficiencies due to the aggregate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Asenjo-Pascual
- Department
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, c/Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Research
Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Mahsa Shahsavan
- Research
Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Ivan Salmeron-Sanchez
- Department
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, c/Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Mauleon
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Aviles Moreno
- Department
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, c/Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pilar Ocon
- Department
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, c/Fco. Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research
Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
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16
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Yang G, Zhu Y, Hao Z, Lu Y, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Chen J. Organic Electroactive Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301898. [PMID: 37158492 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic electroactive materials take advantage of potentially sustainable production and structural tunability compared to present commercial inorganic materials. Unfortunately, traditional redox flow batteries based on toxic redox-active metal ions have certain deficiencies in resource utilization and environmental protection. In comparison, organic electroactive materials in aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) have received extensive attention in recent years for low-cost and sustainable energy storage systems due to their inherent safety. This review aims to provide the recent progress in organic electroactive materials for ARFBs. The main reaction types of organic electroactive materials are classified in ARFBs to provide an overview of how to regulate their solubility, potential, stability, and viscosity. Then, the organic anolyte and catholyte in ARFBs are summarized according to the types of quinones, viologens, nitroxide radicals, hydroquinones, etc, and how to increase the solubility by designing various functional groups is emphasized. The research advances are presented next in the characterization of organic electroactive materials for ARFBs. Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on building neutral ARFBs, designing advanced electroactive materials through molecular engineering, and resolving problems of commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojing Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yaxun Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhimeng Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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17
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Chen R, Zhang P, Chang Z, Yan J, Kraus T. Grafting and Solubilization of Redox-Active Organic Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201993. [PMID: 36625759 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns the development of sustainable design strategies of aqueous electrolytes for redox flow batteries using redox-active organic materials. A green spontaneous grafting reaction occurs between a redox-active organic radical and an electrochemically activated structural modifier at room temperature through a simple mixing step. Then, a physical mixing method is used to formulate a structured aqueous electrolyte and enables aqueous solubilization of the organic solute from below 0.5 to 1.5 m beyond the conventional dissolution limit. The as-obtained concentrated mixture can be readily used as catholyte for a redox flow battery. A record high discharge cell voltage (1.6 V onset output voltage) in aqueous non-hybrid flow cell is attained by using the studied electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Chen
- Saarland University, KIST Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L7 3NY, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212003, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Wang A, Tan R, Liu D, Lu J, Wei X, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Ye C, Breakwell C, Guldin S, Kucernak AR, Jelfs KE, Brandon NP, McKeown NB, Song Q. Ion-Selective Microporous Polymer Membranes with Hydrogen-Bond and Salt-Bridge Networks for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210098. [PMID: 36634684 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have great potential for long-duration grid-scale energy storage. Ion-conducting membranes are a crucial component in RFBs, allowing charge-carrying ions to transport while preventing the cross-mixing of redox couples. Commercial Nafion membranes are widely used in RFBs, but their unsatisfactory ionic and molecular selectivity, as well as high costs, limit the performance and the widespread deployment of this technology. To extend the longevity and reduce the cost of RFB systems, inexpensive ion-selective membranes that concurrently deliver low ionic resistance and high selectivity toward redox-active species are highly desired. Here, high-performance RFB membranes are fabricated from blends of carboxylate- and amidoxime-functionalized polymers of intrinsic microporosity, which exploit the beneficial properties of both polymers. The enthalpy-driven formation of cohesive interchain interactions, including hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, facilitates the microscopic miscibility of the blends, while ionizable functional groups within the sub-nanometer pores allow optimization of membrane ion-transport functions. The resulting microporous membranes demonstrate fast cation conduction with low crossover of redox-active molecular species, enabling improved power ratings and reduced capacity fade in aqueous RFBs using anthraquinone and ferrocyanide as redox couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dezhi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaochu Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Chunchun Ye
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Charlotte Breakwell
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Anthony R Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nigel P Brandon
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Qilei Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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19
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Singh V, Kwon S, Choi Y, Ahn S, Kang G, Yi Y, Lim MH, Seo J, Baik MH, Byon HR. Controlling π-π Interactions of Highly Soluble Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives for Neutral pH Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210859. [PMID: 36749820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic redox-active molecules are a promising platform for designing sustainable, cheap, and safe charge carriers for redox flow batteries. However, radical formation during the electron-transfer process causes severe side reactions and reduces cyclability. This problem is mitigated by using naphthalene diimide (NDI) molecules and regulating their π-π interactions. The long-range π-stacking of NDI molecules, which leads to precipitation, is disrupted by tethering four ammonium functionalities, and the solubility approaches 1.5 m in water. The gentle π-π interactions induce clustering and disassembling of the NDI molecules during the two-electron transfer processes. When the radical anion forms, the antiferromagnetic coupling develops tetramer and dimer and nullifies the radical character. In addition, short-range-order NDI clusters at 1 m concentration are not precipitated but inhibit crossover. They are disassembled in the subsequent electron-transfer process, and the negatively charged NDI core strongly interacts with ammonium groups. These behaviors afford excellent RFB performance, demonstrating 98% capacity retention for 500 cycles at 25 mA cm-2 and 99.5% Coulombic efficiency with 2 m electron storage capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Natural Science Research Institute, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseop Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyumin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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20
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Yang Y, Wang D, Zheng J, Qin X, Fang D, Wu Y, Jing M. Interionic hydrogen bonds induced high solubility of quinone derivatives and preliminary study on their application properties in all quinone aqueous redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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21
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Wu W, Wang AP, Luo J, Liu TL. A Highly Stable, Capacity Dense Carboxylate Viologen Anolyte towards Long-Duration Energy Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216662. [PMID: 36526569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have received increasing attention as an emergent battery technology for grid-scale renewable energy storage. However, physicochemical properties of redox-active organic electrolytes remain fine refinement to maximize their performance in RFBs. Herein, we report a carboxylate functionalized viologen derivative, N,N'-dibutyrate-4,4'-bipyridinium, (CBu)2 V, as a highly stable, high capacity anolyte material under near pH neutral conditions. (CBu)2 V can achieve solubility of 2.1 M and display a reversible, kinetically fast reduction at -0.43 V vs NHE at pH 9. DFT studies revealed that the high solubility of (CBu)2 V is attributed to its high molecular polarity while its negative reduction potential is benefitted from electron-donating carboxylate groups. A 0.89 V (CBu)2 V/(NH)4 Fe(CN)6 AORFB demonstrated exceptional energy storage performance, specifically, 100 % capacity retention with a discharge energy density of 9.5 Wh L-1 for 1000 cycles, power densities of up to 85 mW cm-2 , and an energy efficiency of 70 % at 60 mA cm-2 . (CBu)2 V not only represents the most capacity dense viologen with pendant ionic groups and also exhibits the longest (1200 hours or 50 days) and the most stable flow battery performance to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT-84322, USA
| | - Abigail P Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT-84322, USA.,Hanford High School, 450 Hanford St., Richland, WA-99354, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT-84322, USA
| | - T Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT-84322, USA
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22
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Chen M, Chen H. High-capacity polysulfide-polyiodide nonaqueous redox flow batteries with a ceramic membrane. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:435-442. [PMID: 36756257 PMCID: PMC9846497 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00792d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) have been regarded as promising large-scale electrochemical energy storage technology due to the wider solvent stable potential windows and greater selection of materials. However, the application of NRFBs is greatly limited considering the low capacity and high cost of active materials. In this work, we design and demonstrate a high-capacity polysulfide (PS)-polyiodide (PI) NRFB in Li-ion based 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) (v/v ∼ 1 : 1) organic electrolyte. The high solubility and low cost of PS (5 M) and PI (4 M) can achieve the high capacity and high applicability of NRFBs, which is attractive for realizing large-scale stationary energy storage. The highest volumetric capacity of 28 Ah L-1 based on a full cell is achieved with 1.5 M PS-4 M PI. The high coulombic efficiency (∼100%) and capacity retention (>99%) for 100 cycles in the PS-PI system is demonstrated by using a Li-ion conducting ceramic membrane. Voltage control is applied for both PS and PI to avoid the formation of irreversible solid Li2S and I2, which ensures the high stability of battery reaction. In situ UV-vis spectroscopy reveals the high reversibility of PS and PI in DOL/DME. A continuous flow mode test of the PS-PI system is also demonstrated to realize >300 hours stable cycling performance which implies good applicability for a long-term process. The successful demonstration of this high-capacity PS-PI nonaqueous system provides a new direction to promote the application of NRFBs in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Chemical Hybrid Energy Novel Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Hongning Chen
- Chemical Hybrid Energy Novel Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China
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23
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Zhu F, Guo W, Fu Y. Molecular Engineering of Organic Species for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201098. [PMID: 36454229 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) due to their unique architecture that can decouple energy and power. Aqueous RFBs based on organic molecules (AORFBs) work with a non-flammable and intrinsically safe aqueous electrolyte, and organic compounds are performed as redox couples. The application of redox-active organics tremendously expands the development space of RFBs owing to the highly tunable molecule structure. Molecular engineering enables the exceptional merits in solubility, stability, and redox potential of different organic molecules. Herein, this review summarizes the application of molecular engineering to several organic compounds, focusing on the fundamental overview of their physicochemical properties and design strategies. We discuss the electrochemical merits and performances along with the intrinsic properties of the designed organic components. Finally, we outline the requirements for rational design of innovative organics to motivate more valuable research and present the prospect of molecule engineering used in AORFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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24
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Xiang Z, Li W, Wan K, Fu Z, Liang Z. Aggregation of Electrochemically Active Conjugated Organic Molecules and Its Impact on Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214601. [PMID: 36383209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecule aggregation in solution is acknowledged to be universal and can regulate the molecule's physiochemical properties, which however has been rarely investigated in electrochemistry. Herein, an electrochemical method is developed to quantitatively study the aggregation behavior of the target molecule methyl viologen dichloride. It is found that the oxidation state dicationic ions stay discrete, while the singly-reduced state monoradicals yield a concentration-dependent aggregation behavior. As a result, the molecule's energy level and its redox potential can be effectively regulated. This work does not only provide a method to investigate the molecular aggregation, but also demonstrates the feasibility to tune redox flow battery's performance by regulating the aggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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25
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Kramarova EP, Borisevich SS, Khamitov EM, Korlyukov AA, Dorovatovskii PV, Shagina AD, Mineev KS, Tarasenko DV, Novikov RA, Lagunin AA, Boldyrev I, Ezdoglian AA, Karpechenko NY, Shmigol TA, Baukov YI, Negrebetsky VV. Pyridine Carboxamides Based on Sulfobetaines: Design, Reactivity, and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:7542. [PMID: 36364369 PMCID: PMC9658115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the products of the 1,3-propanesultone ring opening during its interaction with amides of pyridinecarboxylic acids has been carried out. The dependence of the yield of the reaction products on the position (ortho-, meta-, para-) of the substituent in the heteroaromatic fragment and temperature condition was revealed. In contrast to the meta- and para-substituted substrates, the reaction involving ortho-derivatives at the boiling point of methanol unexpectedly led to the formation of a salt. On the basis of spectroscopic, X-Ray, and quantum-chemical calculation data, a model of the transition-state, as well as a mechanism for this alkylation reaction of pyridine carboxamides with sultone were proposed in order to explain the higher yields obtained with the nicotinamide and its N-methyl analog compared to ortho or meta parents. Based on the analysis of ESP maps, the positions of the binding sites of reagents with a potential complexing agent in space were determined. The in silico evaluation of possible biological activity showed that the synthetized compounds revealed some promising pharmacological effects and low acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene P. Kramarova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sophia S. Borisevich
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450071 Ufa, Russia
| | - Edward M. Khamitov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450071 Ufa, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia D. Shagina
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Tarasenko
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Lagunin
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Boldyrev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aiarpi A. Ezdoglian
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu. Karpechenko
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Shmigol
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri I. Baukov
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Negrebetsky
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, Pirogov National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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26
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Li MJ, He G. Robust Chalcogenophene Viologens as Anolytes for Long-Life Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries with High Battery Voltage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48727-48733. [PMID: 36257057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of chalcogenophene viologens ([(NPr)2FV]Cl4, [(NPr)2TV]Cl4, and [(NPr)2SeV]Cl4) as anolytes for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) via a combination of chalcogenophenes (furan, thiophene, and selenophene) and viologens are reported. The chalcogenophene viologens showed narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gap, high solubility, and stable electrochemical properties. Compared with the parent [(NPr)2V]Cl4, the introduction of π-conjugated chalcogenophene groups reduced the redox potential and enhanced the stability of their free radical state, which endowed the chalcogenophene viologens/FcNCl-based AORFBs with a higher theoretical battery voltage of 1.20 V and enhanced stability for one-electron storage. In particular, the [(NPr)2FV]Cl4/FcNCl-based AORFB exhibited excellent long-cycle stability for 3000 cycles with 0.0006% capacity decay per cycle for one-electron storage and 300 cycles with 0.06% capacity decay per cycle for two-electron storage at a charge voltage of 1.9 V (1.42 V theoretical battery voltage). This work provided a new strategy for regulating the voltage and improving the performance of neutral AORFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Zengrong Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yueyan Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Ming-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
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27
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Liu Y, Yuan X, Huang M, Xiang Z, Hu S, Fu Z, Guo X, Liang Z. Redox-Modulated Host–Guest Complex Realizing Stable Two-Electron Storage Viologen for Flow Battery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xianzhi Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Mingbao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhipeng Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shuzhi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhiyong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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28
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Jones AE, Ejigu A, Wang B, Adams RW, Bissett MA, Dryfe RA. Quinone voltammetry for redox-flow battery applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Huang S, Zhang H, Salla M, Zhuang J, Zhi Y, Wang X, Wang Q. Molecular engineering of dihydroxyanthraquinone-based electrolytes for high-capacity aqueous organic redox flow batteries. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4746. [PMID: 35961966 PMCID: PMC9374662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are a promising technology for large-scale electricity energy storage to realize efficient utilization of intermittent renewable energy. In particular, organic molecules are a class of metal-free compounds that consist of earth-abundant elements with good synthetic tunability, electrochemical reversibility and reaction rates. However, the short cycle lifetime and low capacity of AORFBs act as stumbling blocks for their practical deployment. To circumvent these issues, here, we report molecular engineered dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ)-based alkaline electrolytes. Via computational studies and operando measurements, we initially demonstrate the presence of a hydrogen bond-mediated degradation mechanism of DHAQ molecules during electrochemical reactions. Afterwards, we apply a molecular engineering strategy based on redox-active polymers to develop capacity-boosting composite electrolytes. Indeed, by coupling a 1,5-DHAQ/poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide)/carbon black anolyte and a [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− alkaline catholyte, we report an AORFB capable of delivering a stable cell discharge capacity of about 573 mAh at 20 mA/cm2 after 1100 h of cycling and an average cell discharge voltage of about 0.89 V at the same current density. Aqueous organic redox flow batteries are affected by short cycle life and low capacity. Here, the authors develop composite dihydroxyanthraquinone/polymer anolytes capable of improving the cycling stability and discharge capacity of aqueous organic redox flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manohar Salla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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30
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Makarova MV, Akkuratov AV, Sideltsev ME, Stevenson KJ, Romadina EI. Novel Ethylene Glycol Substituted Benzoxadiazole and Benzothiadiazole as Anolytes for Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Makarova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Akkuratov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics (IPCP RAS) Russian Academy of Sciences Semenov Prospect 1 Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Maxim E. Sideltsev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics (IPCP RAS) Russian Academy of Sciences Semenov Prospect 1 Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I. Romadina
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205, Russian Federation
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31
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Luo J, Hu B, Hu M, Wu W, Liu TL. An Energy‐Dense, Powerful, Robust Bipolar Zinc–Ferrocene Redox‐Flow Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204030. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Maowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - T. Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
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32
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Abstract
Redox flow batteries are a critical technology for large-scale energy storage, offering the promising characteristics of high scalability, design flexibility and decoupled energy and power. In recent years, they have attracted extensive research interest, with significant advances in relevant materials chemistry, performance metrics and characterization. The emerging concepts of hybrid battery design, redox-targeting strategy, photoelectrode integration and organic redox-active materials present new chemistries for cost-effective and sustainable energy storage systems. This Review summarizes the recent development of next-generation redox flow batteries, providing a critical overview of the emerging redox chemistries of active materials from inorganics to organics. We discuss electrochemical characterizations and critical performance assessment considering the intrinsic properties of the active materials and the mechanisms that lead to degradation of energy storage capacity. In particular, we highlight the importance of advanced spectroscopic analysis and computational studies in enabling understanding of relevant mechanisms. We also outline the technical requirements for rational design of innovative materials and electrolytes to stimulate more exciting research and present the prospect of this field from aspects of both fundamental science and practical applications.
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33
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Antoni PW, Golz C, Hansmann MM. Organic Four-Electron Redox Systems Based on Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Carbene Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203064. [PMID: 35298870 PMCID: PMC9325510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel organic redox systems that display multistage redox behaviour are highly sought-after for a series of applications such as organic batteries or electrochromic materials. Here we describe a simple strategy to transfer well-known two-electron redox active bipyridine and phenanthroline architectures into novel strongly reducing four-electron redox systems featuring fully reversible redox events with up to five stable oxidation states. We give spectroscopic and structural insight into the changes involved in the redox-events and present characterization data on all isolated oxidation states. The redox-systems feature strong UV/Vis/NIR polyelectrochromic properties such as distinct strong NIR absorptions in the mixed valence states. Two-electron charge-discharge cycling studies indicate high electrochemical stability at strongly negative potentials, rendering the new redox architectures promising lead structures for multi-electron anolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str.6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str.6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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34
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Waters SE, Robb BH, Scappaticci SJ, Saraidaridis JD, Marshak MP. Isolation and Characterization of a Highly Reducing Aqueous Chromium(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8752-8759. [PMID: 35642903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly reducing CrII-(1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetate) (CrPDTA) complex (-1.1 V vs SHE) has been isolated from aqueous solution and the solid-state structure is described. The reduced CrIIPDTA complex is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, magnetic moment, and density functional theory calculations. The concentration profile, state of charge, and pH of CrPDTA electrolyte were monitored in a flow battery system in situ by absorption spectroscopy and a pH probe. The stability of CrIIPDTA in aqueous environments is demonstrated by the ability to isolate CaCrPDTA, despite the common misconception that water spontaneously evolves hydrogen at such potentials. The reduced CrIIPDTA prevents water from coordinating to the metal center by maintaining the same coordinatively saturated pseudo-octahedral structure as the oxidized CrIIIPDTA, despite experiencing an increased geometric strain from a Jahn-Teller distortion of the high-spin CrII ion. The important difference between solvent reactivity and solvent thermodynamic window is examined by comparing the electrochemical behavior of the reduced species of CrPDTA in various organic solvents to its behavior in aqueous solution. When examined in tetrahydrofuran (THF), the reduction potential of CrPDTA is observed to be -1.19 V vs cobaltocene (-2.52 V vs ferrocene). Reduced CrPDTA in aqueous solution is also exposed to atmospheric O2 without exhibiting any decomposition of the Cr(III) or Cr(II) species. The techniques detailed provide a higher standard method of characterization for flow battery electrolyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brian H Robb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven J Scappaticci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James D Saraidaridis
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Raytheon Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States
| | - Michael P Marshak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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35
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Nolte O, Geitner R, Volodin IA, Rohland P, Hager MD, Schubert US. State of Charge and State of Health Assessment of Viologens in Aqueous-Organic Redox-Flow Electrolytes Using In Situ IR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200535. [PMID: 35481674 PMCID: PMC9189600 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous-organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) have gained considerable interest in recent years, given their potential for an economically viable energy storage at large scale. This, however, strongly depends on both the robustness of the underlying electrolyte chemistry against molecular decomposition reactions as well as the device's operation. With regard to this, the presented study focuses on the use of in situ IR spectroscopy in combination with a multivariate curve resolution approach to gain insight into both the molecular structures of the active materials present within the electrolyte as well as crucial electrolyte state parameters, represented by the electrolyte's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). To demonstrate the general applicability of the approach, methyl viologen (MV) and bis(3-trimethylammonium)propyl viologen (BTMAPV) are chosen, as viologens are frequently used as negolytes in aqueous-organic RFBs. The study's findings highlight the impact of in situ spectroscopy and spectral deconvolution tools on the precision of the obtainable SOC and SOH values. Furthermore, the study indicates the occurrence of multiple viologen dimers, which possibly influence the electrolyte lifetime and charging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nolte
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Robert Geitner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BioengineeringTechnical University IlmenauWeimarer Str. 3298693IlmenauGermany
| | - Ivan A. Volodin
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Philip Rohland
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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36
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Tang G, Liu Y, Li Y, Peng K, Zuo P, Yang Z, Xu T. Designing Robust Two-Electron Storage Extended Bipyridinium Anolytes for pH-Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. JACS AU 2022; 2:1214-1222. [PMID: 35647585 PMCID: PMC9131478 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bipyridinium derivatives represent the most extensively explored anolyte materials for pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries, and most derivatives feature two separate electron-transfer steps that cause a sharp decrease in cell voltage during discharge. Here, we propose a strategy to fulfill the concurrent two-electron electrochemical reaction by designing extended bipyridinium derivatives (exBPs) with a reduced energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of exBPs and the β-highest occupied molecular orbital of the singly reduced form. To demonstrate, a series of exBPs are synthesized and exhibit a single peak at redox potentials of -0.75 to -0.91 V (vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), as opposed to the two peaks of most bipyridinium derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry along with diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and rotating disk electrode experiments confirm that this peak corresponds to a concurrent two-electron transfer. When examined in full-flowing cells, all exBPs demonstrate one charge/discharge plateau and two-electron storage. Continuous galvanostatic cell cycling reveals the side reactions leading to capacity fading, and we disclose the underlying mechanism by identifying the degradation products. By prohibiting the dimerization/β-elimination side reactions, we acquire a 0.5 M (1 M e-) exDMeBP/FcNCl cell with a high capacity of 22.35 Ah L-1 and a capacity retention rate of 99.95% per cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonggen Tang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yahua Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kang Peng
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peipei Zuo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
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37
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Luo J, Hu B, Hu M, Wu W, Liu TL. An Energy Dense, Powerful, Robust Bipolar Zinc‐Ferrocene Redox Flow Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Bo Hu
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Maowei Hu
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Wenda Wu
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Tianbiao Leo Liu
- Utah State University Chemistry and Biochemistry 0300 Old Main Hill 84322 Logan UNITED STATES
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38
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Fan H, Hu B, Li H, Ravivarma M, Feng Y, Song J. Conjugate-Driven Electron Density Delocalization of Piperidine Nitroxyl Radical for Stable Aqueous Zinc Hybrid Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115908. [PMID: 35156276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable and soluble redox-active nitroxyl radicals are highly desired for high-capacity and long-life aqueous zinc hybrid flow batteries (AZHFBs). Here we report a "π-π" conjugated imidazolium and "p-π" conjugated acetylamino co-functionalized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (MIAcNH-TEMPO) as stable catholyte for AZHFBs. The incorporation of double-conjugate substituents could delocalize the electron density of the N-O head and thus remarkably stabilize the radical and oxoammonium forms of TEMPO, avoiding the side reaction of ring-opening. Consequently, the applied MIAcNH-TEMPO/Zn AZHFB demonstrates the hardly time-dependent stability with a constant capacity retention of 99.95 % per day over 16.7 days at a high concentration catholyte of 1.5 M and high current density of 50 mA cm-2 . This proposed molecular engineering strategy based on electron density regulation of redox-active structures displays an attractive efficacy and thus represents a remarkable advance in high-performance AZHFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Mahalingam Ravivarma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yangyang Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiangxuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
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39
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Chang M, Liang D, Zhou F, Xue H, Zong H, Chen W, Zhou G. Photochromic and Electrochromic Hydrogels Based on Ammonium- and Sulfonate-Functionalized Thienoviologen Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15448-15460. [PMID: 35324166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium cations and sulfonate anions have been introduced as end-caps for alkyl viologens with thiophene-derived bridges. When the as-prepared thienoviologen derivatives are dispersed in polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels, photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) bifunctional hydrogels can be simply realized. The incorporated thiophene or ethylenedioxylthiophene bridge not only expands the photoresponse range but also stabilizes the photoinduced radical intermediate. Therefore, reversible PC and EC behaviors can be achieved for hydrogels containing thienoviologens N,N'-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide (ATV), N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (STV), N,N'-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide (AETV), and N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (SETV). On the contrary, no photochromism can be observed for PAAm hydrogels based on N,N'-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium tetrabromide (AV) and N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (SV) without thiophene bridges. Furthermore, no significant coloration difference can be observed between the hydrogels containing ammonium- and sulfonate-functionalized viologens. However, during repetitive cycles, the transmittance contrast losses of electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on the hydrogels containing ammonium-modified viologens are lower than those for sulfonate-substituted viologens probably due to their larger number of cation-anion pairs and thus higher solubility in aqueous media. Typically, no observable difference can be found for unsealed ECDs after 15 days in ambient conditions. Additionally, a large-area ECD with a diameter of 10 cm has been facilely fabricated by simply sandwiching the EC hydrogels, and the transparency can be finely tuned upon applying different potentials. Overall, our findings may provide a new path to design multifunctional hydrogels with PC and EC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Chang
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dingli Liang
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Xue
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zong
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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40
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Park S, Lee J, Jeong H, Bae S, Kang J, Moon D, Park J. Multi-stimuli-engendered radical-anionic MOFs: Visualization of structural transformation upon radical formation. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Antoni PW, Golz C, Hansmann MM. Organic Four‐Electron Redox Systems Based on Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Carbene Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Antoni
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie GERMANY
| | - Christopher Golz
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn Str.6 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
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42
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Fan H, Hu B, Li H, Ravivarma M, Feng Y, Song J. Conjugate‐Driven Electron Density Delocalization of Piperidine Nitroxyl Radical for Stable Aqueous Zinc Hybrid Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Mahalingam Ravivarma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yangyang Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jiangxuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
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43
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Borchers PS, Anufriev I, Vitz J, Görls H, Elbert J, Nischang I, Hager MD, Schubert US. Regaining Potential: Studies Concerning 2-Ferrocenylethyl Methacrylate, Its Polymers, and Application in Redox Flow Batteries. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp S. Borchers
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilya Anufriev
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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44
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Yang L, Hao Y, Lin J, Li K, Luo S, Lei J, Han Y, Yuan R, Liu G, Ren B, Chen J. POM Anolyte for All-Anion Redox Flow Batteries with High Capacity Retention and Coulombic Efficiency at Mild pH. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107425. [PMID: 34866255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly soluble Li5 BW12 O40 cluster delivers 2 e- redox reaction with fast electron transfer rates (2.5 × 10-2 cm s-1 ) and high diffusion coefficients (≈2.08 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 ) at mild pH ranging from 3 to 8. In-operando aqueous-flowing Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that Raman shift changing of {BW12} clusters is due to the bond length changing between W-Ob -W and W-Oc -W at different redox states. The structure changing and redox chemistry of Li5 BW12 O40 are highly reversible, which makes the Li5 BW12 O40 cluster versatile to construct all-anion aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). The cation-exchange Nafion membrane will also repel the cross permeability of the anion redox couples. Consequently, by coupling with Li3 K[Fe(CN)6 ] catholyte, the aqueous RFB can be operated at pH 8 with a capacity retention up to 95% and an average Coulombic efficiency more than 99.79% over 300 cycles within 0 to 1.2 V. Meanwhile, Li5 BW12 O40 cluster can also be paired with LiI catholyte to form aqueous RFBs at pH 7 and pH 3, the capacity retention of 94% and 90% can be realized over 300 cycles within 0 to 1.3 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yahui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jiande Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Siheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ruming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Guokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem), Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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45
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Fischer P, Mazúr P, Krakowiak J. Family Tree for Aqueous Organic Redox Couples for Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes: A Conceptual Review. Molecules 2022; 27:560. [PMID: 35056875 PMCID: PMC8778144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are an increasingly attractive option for renewable energy storage, thus providing flexibility for the supply of electrical energy. In recent years, research in this type of battery storage has been shifted from metal-ion based electrolytes to soluble organic redox-active compounds. Aqueous-based organic electrolytes are considered as more promising electrolytes to achieve "green", safe, and low-cost energy storage. Many organic compounds and their derivatives have recently been intensively examined for application to redox flow batteries. This work presents an up-to-date overview of the redox organic compound groups tested for application in aqueous RFB. In the initial part, the most relevant requirements for technical electrolytes are described and discussed. The importance of supporting electrolytes selection, the limits for the aqueous system, and potential synthetic strategies for redox molecules are highlighted. The different organic redox couples described in the literature are grouped in a "family tree" for organic redox couples. This article is designed to be an introduction to the field of organic redox flow batteries and aims to provide an overview of current achievements as well as helping synthetic chemists to understand the basic concepts of the technical requirements for next-generation energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, Pfinztal, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Str. 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Petr Mazúr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Joanna Krakowiak
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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46
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Li H, Fan H, Hu B, Hu L, Chang G, Song J. Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod‐Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Linlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Gang Chang
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jiangxuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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47
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Borchers PS, Elbert J, Anufriev I, Strumpf M, Nischang I, Hager MD, Schubert US. A Viologen Polymer and a Compact Ferrocene: Comparison of Solution Viscosities and Their Performance in a Redox Flow Battery with a Size Exclusion Membrane. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp S. Borchers
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ilya Anufriev
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Strumpf
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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48
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Barravecchia L, Neira I, Pazos E, Peinador C, García MD. Amino Acid-Viologen Hybrids: Synthesis, Cucurbituril Host-Guest Chemistry, and Implementation on the Production of Peptides. J Org Chem 2021; 87:760-764. [PMID: 34889610 PMCID: PMC8749954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present herein
the development of a series of viologen–amino
acid hybrids, obtained in good yields either by successive alkylations
of 4,4′-bipyridine, or by Zincke reactions followed by a second
alkylation step. The potential of the obtained amino acids has been
exemplified, either as typical guests of the curcubituril family of
hosts (particularly CB[7]/[8]) or as suitable building blocks for
the solution/solid-phase synthesis of two model tripeptides with the
viologen core inserted within their sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Barravecchia
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iago Neira
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Pazos
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos D García
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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49
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Cheng Y, Hall DM, Boualavong J, Hickey RJ, Lvov SN, Gorski CA. Influence of Hydrotropes on the Solubilities and Diffusivities of Redox-Active Organic Compounds for Aqueous Flow Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30800-30810. [PMID: 34805708 PMCID: PMC8600646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the extent to which hydrotropes can be used to increase the aqueous solubilities of redox-active compounds previously used in flow batteries. We measured how five hydrotropes influenced the solubilities of five redox-active compounds already soluble in aqueous electrolytes (≥0.5 M). The solubilities of the compounds varied as a function of hydrotrope type and concentration, with larger solubility changes observed at higher hydrotrope concentrations. 4-OH-TEMPO underwent the largest solubility increase (1.18 ± 0.04 to 1.99 ± 0.12 M) in 20 weight percent sodium xylene sulfonate. The presence of a hydrotrope in solution decreased the diffusion coefficients of 4-OH-TEMPO and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonate, which was likely due to the increased solution viscosity as opposed to a specific hydrotrope-solute interaction because the hydrotropes did not alter their molecules' hydraulic radii. The standard rate constants and formal potentials of both 4-OH-TEMPO and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonate remained largely unchanged in the presence of a hydrotrope. The results suggest that using hydrotropes may be a feasible strategy for increasing the solubilities of redox-active compounds in aqueous flow batteries without substantially altering their electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchi Cheng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Derek M. Hall
- Department
of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Earth
and Mineral Sciences Energy Institute, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jonathan Boualavong
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Robert J. Hickey
- Department
of Material Sciences and Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Serguei N. Lvov
- Department
of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Earth
and Mineral Sciences Energy Institute, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Material Sciences and Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher A. Gorski
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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50
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Li H, Fan H, Hu B, Hu L, Chang G, Song J. Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod-Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26971-26977. [PMID: 34647654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A stable rod-like sulfonated viologen (R-Vi) derivative is developed through a spatial-structure-adjustment strategy for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). The obtained R-Vi features four individual methyl groups on the 2,2',6,6'-positions of the 4,4'-bipyridine core ring. The tethered methyls confine the movement of the alkyl chain as well as the sulfonic anion, thus driving the spatial structure from sigmoid to rod shape. The R-Vi with weak charge attraction and large molecular dimension displays an ultralow membrane permeability that is only 14.7 % of that of typical sigmoid viologen. Moreover, the electron-donating effect of methyls endows R-Vi with the lowest redox potential of -0.55 V vs. SHE among one-electron-storage viologen-based AORFBs. The AORFB with the R-Vi anolyte and a K4 Fe(CN)6 catholyte exhibits an energy efficiency up to 87 % and extremely low capacity-fade rate of 0.007 % per cycle in 3200 continuous cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Instrumental Analysis Center of, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiangxuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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