1
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Nelson VE, O'Brien CP, Edwards JP, Liu S, Gabardo CM, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Scaling CO 2 Electrolyzer Cell Area from Bench to Pilot. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39254196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
To contribute meaningfully to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction, CO2 electrolyzer technology will need to scale immensely. Bench-scale electrolyzers are the norm, with active areas <5 cm2. However, cell areas on the order of 100s or 1000s of cm2 will be required for industrial deployment. Here, we study the effects of increasing cell area, scaling over 2 orders of magnitude from a 5 cm2 lab-scale cell to an 800 cm2 pilot plant-scale cell. A direct scaling of the bench-scale cell architecture to the larger area results in a ∼20% drop in ethylene (C2H4) selectivity and an increase in the parasitic hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER). We instrument an 800 cm2 electrolyzer cell to serve as a diagnostic tool and determine that nonuniformities in electrode compression and flow-influenced local CO2 availability are the key drivers of performance loss upon scaling. Machining of an initial 800 cm2 cell results in a standard deviation in MEA compression that is 7-fold that of a similarly produced 5 cm2 cell (0.009 mm). Using these findings, we redesign an 800 cm2 cell for compression tolerance and increased CO2 transport and achieve an H2 FE in the revised 800 cm2 cell similar to that of the 5 cm2 case (16% at 200 mA cm-2). These results demonstrate that by ensuring uniform compression and fluid flow, the CO2 electrolyzer area can be scaled over 100-fold and retain C2H4 selectivity (within 10% of small-scale selectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian E Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Colin P O'Brien
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Edwards
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Christine M Gabardo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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2
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Shen Z, Chen G, Cheng X, Xu F, Huang H, Wang X, Yang L, Wu Q, Hu Z. Self-enhanced localized alkalinity at the encapsulated Cu catalyst for superb electrocatalytic nitrate/nitrite reduction to NH 3 in neutral electrolyte. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9325. [PMID: 38985876 PMCID: PMC11235175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic nitrate/nitrite reduction reaction (eNOx-RR) to ammonia (NH3) is thermodynamically more favorable than the eye-catching nitrogen (N2) electroreduction. To date, the high eNOx-RR-to-NH3 activity is limited to strong alkaline electrolytes but cannot be achieved in economic and sustainable neutral/near-neutral electrolytes. Here, we construct a copper (Cu) catalyst encapsulated inside the hydrophilic hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (Cu@hNCNC). During eNOx-RR, the hNCNC shell hinders the diffusion of generated OH- ions outward, thus creating a self-enhanced local high pH environment around the inside Cu nanoparticles. Consequently, the Cu@hNCNC catalyst exhibits an excellent eNOx-RR-to-NH3 activity in the neutral electrolyte, equivalent to the Cu catalyst immobilized on the outer surface of hNCNC (Cu/hNCNC) in strong alkaline electrolyte, with much better stability for the former. The optimal NH3 yield rate reaches 4.0 moles per hour per gram with a high Faradaic efficiency of 99.7%. The strong-alkalinity-free advantage facilitates the practicability of Cu@hNCNC catalyst as demonstrated in a coupled plasma-driven N2 oxidization with eNOx-RR-to-NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xueyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xizhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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3
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S. Fernandes I, Antunes D, Martins R, Mendes MJ, Reis-Machado AS. Solar fuels design: Porous cathodes modeling for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction in aqueous electrolytes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26442. [PMID: 38420411 PMCID: PMC10901033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is crucial to reduce the atmospheric greenhouse effect, fighting climate change and global warming. Electrochemical CO2 reduction is one of the most promising carbon capture and utilization technologies, that can be powered by solar energy and used to make added-value chemicals and green fuels, providing grid-stability, energy security, and environmental benefits. A two-dimensional finite-elements model for porous electrodes was developed and validated against experimental data, allowing the design and performance improvement of a porous zinc cathode morphology and its operational conditions for an electrolyzer producing syngas via the co-electrolysis of CO2 and water. Porosity, pore length, fiber geometric shape, inlet pressure, system temperature, and catholyte flow rate were explored, and these parameters were thoroughly tuned by using the smart-search Nelder-Mead's multi-parameter optimization algorithm to achieve pronouncedly higher, industrial-relevant current density values than those previously reported, up to 263.6 mA/cm2 at an applied potential of -1.1 V vs. RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S. Fernandes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Duarte Antunes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. Mendes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Reis-Machado
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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4
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Veenstra FLP, Cibaka T, Martín AJ, Weigand D, Kirchhoff J, Smirnov V, Merdzhanova T, Pérez-Ramírez J. CO 2 Electroreduction To Syngas With Tunable Composition In An Artificial Leaf. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301398. [PMID: 37975726 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial leaves (a-leaves) can reduce carbon dioxide into syngas using solar power and could be combined with thermo- and biocatalytic technologies to decentralize the production of valuable products. By providing variable CO : H2 ratios on demand, a-leaves could facilitate optimal combinations and control the distribution of products in most of these hybrid systems. However, the current design procedures of a-leaves concentrate on achieving high performance for a predetermined syngas composition. This study demonstrates that incorporating the electrolyte flow as a design variable enables flexible production without compromising performance. The concept was tested on an a-leaf using a commercial cell, a Cu2 O:Inx cathodic catalyst, and an inexpensive amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic module. Syngas with CO : H2 ratio in the range of 1.8-2.3 could be attained with only 2 % deviation from the optimal cell voltage and controllable solely by catholyte flow. These features could be beneficial for downstream technologies such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentine L P Veenstra
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thérèse Cibaka
- IEK 5 - Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antonio J Martín
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Weigand
- IEK 5 - Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joachim Kirchhoff
- IEK 5 - Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Smirnov
- IEK 5 - Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Xie L, Jiang Y, Zhu W, Ding S, Zhou Y, Zhu JJ. Cu-based catalyst designs in CO 2 electroreduction: precise modulation of reaction intermediates for high-value chemical generation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13629-13660. [PMID: 38075661 PMCID: PMC10699555 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The massive emission of excess greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) have an irreversible impact on the Earth's ecology. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR), a technique that utilizes renewable energy sources to create highly reduced chemicals (e.g. C2H4, C2H5OH), has attracted significant attention in the science community. Cu-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for ECR, particularly in producing multi-carbon products that hold substantial value in modern industries. The formation of multi-carbon products involves a range of transient intermediates, the behaviour of which critically influences the reaction pathway and product distribution. Consequently, achieving desirable products necessitates precise regulation of these intermediates. This review explores state-of-the-art designs of Cu-based catalysts, classified into three categories based on the different prospects of the intermediates' modulation: heteroatom doping, morphological structure engineering, and local catalytic environment engineering. These catalyst designs enable efficient multi-carbon generation in ECR by effectively modulating reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyiqun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shichao Ding
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials IAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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6
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Elnagar MM, Menezes PV, Parada WA, Mattausch Y, Kibler LA, Mayrhofer KJJ, Jacob T. Tailoring Cu Electrodes for Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction through Plasma Electrolysis in Non-Conventional Phosphorus-Oxoanion-Based Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300934. [PMID: 37544913 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a green, ultra-fast, and facile technique for the fabrication of micro/nano-structured and porous Cu electrodes through in-liquid plasma electrolysis using phosphorous-oxoanion-based electrolytes. Besides the preferential surface faceting, the Cu electrodes exhibit unique surface structures, including octahedral nanocrystals besides nanoporous and microporous structures, depending on the employed electrolyte. The incorporation of P-atoms into the Cu surfaces is observed. The modified Cu electrodes display increased roughness, leading to higher current densities for CO2 electroreduction reaction. The selectivity of the modified Cu electrodes towards C2 products is highest for the Cu electrodes treated in Na2 HPO3 and Na3 PO4 electrolytes, whereas those treated in Na2 H2 PO2 produce the most H2 . The Cu electrode treated in Na3 PO4 produces ethylene (23 %) at -1.1 V vs. RHE, and a comparable amount of acetaldehyde (15 %) that is typically observed for Cu(110) single crystals. The enhanced selectivity is attributed to several factors, including the surface morphology, the incorporation of phosphorus into the Cu structure, and the formation of Cu(110) facets. Our results not only advance our understanding of the influence of the electrolyte's nature on the plasma electrolysis of Cu electrodes, but also underscores the potential of in-liquid plasma treatment for developing efficient Cu electrocatalysts for sustainable CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramod V Menezes
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walter A Parada
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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7
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Preikschas P, Martín AJ, Yeo BS, Pérez-Ramírez J. NMR-based quantification of liquid products in CO 2 electroreduction on phosphate-derived nickel catalysts. Commun Chem 2023; 6:147. [PMID: 37430001 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered phosphate-derived Ni catalysts have opened a new pathway towards multicarbon products via CO2 electroreduction. However, understanding the influence of basic parameters such as electrode potential, pH, and buffer capacity is needed for optimized C3+ product formation. To this end, rigorous catalyst evaluation and sensitive analytical tools are required to identify potential new products and minimize increasing quantification errors linked to long-chain carbon compounds. Herein, we contribute to enhance testing accuracy by presenting sensitive 1H NMR spectroscopy protocols for liquid product assessment featuring optimized water suppression and reduced experiment time. When combined with an automated NMR data processing routine, samples containing up to 12 products can be quantified within 15 min with low quantification limits equivalent to Faradaic efficiencies of 0.1%. These developments disclosed performance trends in carbon product formation and the detection of four hitherto unreported compounds: acetate, ethylene glycol, hydroxyacetone, and i-propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Preikschas
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J Martín
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boon Siang Yeo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Vos R, Kolmeijer KE, Jacobs TS, van der Stam W, Weckhuysen BM, Koper MTM. How Temperature Affects the Selectivity of the Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction on Copper. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8080-8091. [PMID: 37342834 PMCID: PMC10278069 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a unique catalyst for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) as it can produce multi-carbon products, such as ethylene and propanol. As practical electrolyzers will likely operate at elevated temperatures, the effect of reaction temperature on the product distribution and activity of CO2RR on copper is important to elucidate. In this study, we have performed electrolysis experiments at different reaction temperatures and potentials. We show that there are two distinct temperature regimes. From 18 up to ∼48 °C, C2+ products are produced with higher Faradaic efficiency, while methane and formic acid selectivity decreases and hydrogen selectivity stays approximately constant. From 48 to 70 °C, it was found that HER dominates and the activity of CO2RR decreases. Moreover, the CO2RR products produced in this higher temperature range are mainly the C1 products, namely, CO and HCOOH. We argue that CO surface coverage, local pH, and kinetics play an important role in the lower-temperature regime, while the second regime appears most likely to be related to structural changes in the copper surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaël
E. Vos
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O.Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees E. Kolmeijer
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O.Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thimo S. Jacobs
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O.Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Gnilitskyi I, Bellucci S, Marrani AG, Shepida M, Mazur A, Zozulya G, Kordan V, Babizhetskyy V, Sahraoui B, Kuntyi O. Femtosecond laser-induced nano- and microstructuring of Cu electrodes for CO 2 electroreduction in acetonitrile medium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8837. [PMID: 37258634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependency of CO2 reduction rate in acetonitrile-Bu4NClO4 solution on cathodes, which were modified by laser induction of a copper surface, was studied. The topography of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) → grooves → spikes was successively formed by a certain number of pulses. It was proved that for a higher number of laser pulses, the surface area of the copper cathode increases and preferred platy orientation of the copper surface on [022] crystallografic direction and larger fluence values increase. At the same time, the content of copper (I) oxide on the surface of the copper cathode increases. Also, the tendency to larger fluency values is observed. It promotes the increase of cathodic current density for CO2 reduction, which reaches values of 14 mA cm-2 for samples with spikes surface structures at E = - 3.0 V upon a stable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Gnilitskyi
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine.
- "NoviNano Lab" LLC, 5 Pasternaka, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine.
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044, Frascati, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", p.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Shepida
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Artur Mazur
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Zozulya
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kordan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 6 Kyryla i Mefodiya Str., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Babizhetskyy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 6 Kyryla i Mefodiya Str., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Bouchta Sahraoui
- University of Angers, Photonics Laboratory of Angers LPhiA, SFR MATRIX, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Orest Kuntyi
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
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10
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Navigating CO utilization in tandem electrocatalysis of CO2. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Kong X, Wang C, Xu Z, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Qin L, Zeng J, Geng Z. Enhancing CO 2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Multicarbon Products via Tuning the Local H 2O/CO 2 Molar Ratio. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8000-8007. [PMID: 36083633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass transfer plays an important role in controlling the surface coverage of reactants and the kinetics of surface reactions, thus significantly adjusting the catalytic performance. Herein, we reported that H2O diffusion was modulated by controlling the thicknesses of the carbon black (CB) layer between the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) of Cu and the electrolyte. As a consequence, the product distribution over the GDE of Cu was effectively regulated during CO2 electroreduction. Interestingly, a volcano-type relationship between the thickness of the CB layer and the faradaic efficiency (FE) for multicarbon (C2+) products was observed over the GDE of Cu. Especially, when the applied total current density was set as 800 mA cm-2, the FE for the C2+ products over the GDE of Cu coated by a CB layer with a thickness of 6.6 μm reached 63.2%, which was 2.8 times higher than that (16.8%) over the GDE of Cu without a CB layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zifan Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhi Zhong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Geng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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12
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Cui L, Liu C, Yao B, Edwards PP, Xiao T, Cao F. A review of catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide: From waste to hydrocarbons. Front Chem 2022; 10:1037997. [PMID: 36304742 PMCID: PMC9592991 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1037997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of industrial society and humankind’s prosperity, the growing demands of global energy, mainly based on the combustion of hydrocarbon fossil fuels, has become one of the most severe challenges all over the world. It is estimated that fossil fuel consumption continues to grow with an annual increase rate of 1.3%, which has seriously affected the natural environment through the emission of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide (CO2). Given these recognized environmental concerns, it is imperative to develop clean technologies for converting captured CO2 to high-valued chemicals, one of which is value-added hydrocarbons. In this article, environmental effects due to CO2 emission are discussed and various routes for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons including light olefins, fuel oils (gasoline and jet fuel), and aromatics are comprehensively elaborated. Our emphasis is on catalyst development. In addition, we present an outlook that summarizes the research challenges and opportunities associated with the hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbon products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Benzhen Yao
- OXCCU Tech Ltd, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Edwards
- OXCCU Tech Ltd, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- OXCCU Tech Ltd, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fahai Cao, ; Tiancun Xiao,
| | - Fahai Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fahai Cao, ; Tiancun Xiao,
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Bork AH, Ackerl N, Reuteler J, Jog S, Gut D, Zboray R, Müller CR. Model structures of molten salt-promoted MgO to probe the mechanism of MgCO 3 formation during CO 2 capture at a solid-liquid interface. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:16803-16812. [PMID: 36092378 PMCID: PMC9383051 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta02897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MgO is a promising solid oxide-based sorbent to capture anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to its high theoretical gravimetric CO2 uptake and its abundance. When MgO is coated with alkali metal salts such as LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, or their mixtures, the kinetics of the CO2 uptake reaction is significantly faster resulting in a 15 times higher CO2 uptake compared to bare MgO. However, the underlying mechanism that leads to this dramatic increase in the carbonation rate is still unclear. This study aims to determine the most favourable location for the nucleation and growth of MgCO3 and more specifically, whether the carbonation occurs preferentially at the buried interface, the triple phase boundary (TPB), and/or inside the molten salt of the NaNO3-MgO system. For this purpose, a model system consisting of a MgO single crystal that is structured by ultra-short pulse laser ablation and coated with NaNO3 as the promoter is used. To identify the location of nucleation and growth of MgCO3, micro X-ray computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy and optical profilometry were applied. We found that MgCO3 forms at the NaNO3/MgO interface and not inside the melt. Moreover, there was no preferential nucleation of MgCO3 at the TPB when compared to the buried interface. Furthermore, it is found that there is no observable CO2 diffusion limitation in the nucleation step. However, it was observed that CO2 diffusion limits MgCO3 crystal growth, i.e. the growth rate of MgCO3 is approximately an order of magnitude faster in shallow grooves compared to that in deep grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Bork
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Norbert Ackerl
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
- NAPho - Norbert Ackerl Photonics CH-8049 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Joakim Reuteler
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sachin Jog
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - David Gut
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Robert Zboray
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Christoph R Müller
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
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Dattila F, Seemakurthi RR, Zhou Y, López N. Modeling Operando Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11085-11130. [PMID: 35476402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the seminal works on the application of density functional theory and the computational hydrogen electrode to electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) and hydrogen evolution (HER), the modeling of both reactions has quickly evolved for the last two decades. Formulation of thermodynamic and kinetic linear scaling relationships for key intermediates on crystalline materials have led to the definition of activity volcano plots, overpotential diagrams, and full exploitation of these theoretical outcomes at laboratory scale. However, recent studies hint at the role of morphological changes and short-lived intermediates in ruling the catalytic performance under operating conditions, further raising the bar for the modeling of electrocatalytic systems. Here, we highlight some novel methodological approaches employed to address eCO2R and HER reactions. Moving from the atomic scale to the bulk electrolyte, we first show how ab initio and machine learning methodologies can partially reproduce surface reconstruction under operation, thus identifying active sites and reaction mechanisms if coupled with microkinetic modeling. Later, we introduce the potential of density functional theory and machine learning to interpret data from Operando spectroelectrochemical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure characterization. Next, we review the role of electrolyte and mass transport effects. Finally, we suggest further challenges for computational modeling in the near future as well as our perspective on the directions to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Dattila
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ranga Rohit Seemakurthi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Parada WA, Vasilyev DV, Mayrhofer KJJ, Katsounaros I. CO 2 Electroreduction on Silver Foams Modified by Ionic Liquids with Different Cation Side Chain Length. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14193-14201. [PMID: 35302346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are capable of tuning the kinetics of electroreduction processes by modifying a catalyst interface. In this work, a group of hydrophobic imidazolium-based ILs were immobilized on Ag foams by using a procedure known as "solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer" (SCILL). The derived electrocatalysts demonstrated altered selectivity and CO production rates for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 compared to the unmodified Ag foam. The activity change caused by the IL was dependent on the length of the N-alkyl substituent. The rate of CO production is optimized at moderate chain length and IL loadings. The observed trends are attributed to a local enrichment of CO2-based species in the proximity of the catalyst and a modification of the environment of its active sites. On the contrary, high loadings or long IL chains render the surface inaccessible and favor the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A Parada
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmitry V Vasilyev
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Reichert AM, Piqué O, Parada WA, Katsounaros I, Calle-Vallejo F. Mechanistic insight into electrocatalytic glyoxal reduction on copper and its relation to CO 2 reduction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11205-11214. [PMID: 36320464 PMCID: PMC9516950 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper electrodes produce several industrially relevant chemicals and fuels during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Knowledge about the reaction pathways can help tune the reaction selectivity toward higher-value products. To probe the uncertain role of the C2 molecule glyoxal, we electrochemically reduced it on polycrystalline Cu and quantified its liquid-phase products, namely, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and acetaldehyde. The gas phase contained hydrogen and traces of ethylene. In contrast with previous hypothesis, a one-to-one comparison with CO2RR on Cu indicates that glyoxal is neither a major intermediate in the pathway toward ethylene nor in the pathway toward ethanol. In addition, great possibilities for the selective, low-temperature production of ethylene glycol are open, as computational modelling shows that ethylene glycol and ethanol are produced on different active sites. Thus, apart from the mechanistic insight into CO2RR, this study gives new directions to facilitate the electrification of chemical processes at refineries. Glyoxal is not likely a key intermediate of CO2 reduction to C2 species, but its electroreduction on Cu yields the commodity chemicals ethylene glycol and ethanol, produced at Cu terraces and defects, respectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Reichert
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oriol Piqué
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Physics & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter A. Parada
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Physics & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ge L, Rabiee H, Li M, Subramanian S, Zheng Y, Lee JH, Burdyny T, Wang H. Electrochemical CO2 reduction in membrane-electrode assemblies. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Quan W, Lin Y, Luo Y, Huang Y. Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction on Cu: Synthesis-Controlled Structure Preference and Selectivity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101597. [PMID: 34687169 PMCID: PMC8655169 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2 RR) on Cu catalysts affords high-value-added products and is therefore of great practical significance. The outcome and kinetics of ECO2 RR remain insufficient, requiring essentially the optimized structure design for the employed Cu catalyst, and also the fine synthesis controls. Herein, synthesis-controlled structure preferences and the modulation of intermediate's interactions are considered to provide synthesis-related insights on the design of Cu catalysts for selective ECO2 RR. First, the origin of ECO2 RR intermediate-dominated selectivity is described. Advanced structural engineering approaches, involving alloy/compound formation, doping/defect introduction, and the use of specific crystal facets/amorphization, heterostructures, single-atom catalysts, surface modification, and nano-/microstructures, are then reviewed. In particular, these structural engineering approaches are discussed in association with diversified synthesis controls, and the modulation of intermediate generation, adsorption, reaction, and additional effects. The results pertaining to synthetic methodology-controlled structural preferences and the correspondingly motivated selectivity are further summarized. Finally, the current opportunities and challenges of Cu catalyst fabrication for highly selective ECO2 RR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Quan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouFujian350117China
| | - Yingbin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouFujian350117China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117China
| | - Yongjin Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350007China
| | - Yiyin Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy MaterialsCollege of Physics and EnergyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouFujian350117China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High‐Field Superconducting Materials and EngineeringFuzhou350117China
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19
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Li X, Zeng Y, Tung CW, Lu YR, Baskaran S, Hung SF, Wang S, Xu CQ, Wang J, Chan TS, Chen HM, Jiang J, Yu Q, Huang Y, Li J, Zhang T, Liu B. Unveiling the In Situ Generation of a Monovalent Fe(I) Site in the Single-Fe-Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuning Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ching-Wei Tung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sambath Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shifu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junhu Wang
- Mössbauer Effect Data Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hao Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jianchao Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Yanqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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20
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Piqué O, Löffler M, Katsounaros I, Calle-Vallejo F. Computational-experimental study of the onset potentials for CO2 reduction on polycrystalline and oxide-derived copper electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Wicks J, Jue ML, Beck VA, Oakdale JS, Dudukovic NA, Clemens AL, Liang S, Ellis ME, Lee G, Baker SE, Duoss EB, Sargent EH. 3D-Printable Fluoropolymer Gas Diffusion Layers for CO 2 Electroreduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003855. [PMID: 33448061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrosynthesis of value-added multicarbon products from CO2 is a promising strategy to shift chemical production away from fossil fuels. Particularly important is the rational design of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assemblies to react selectively, at scale, and at high rates. However, the understanding of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in these assemblies is limited for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR): particularly important, but incompletely understood, is how the GDL modulates product distributions of catalysts operating in high current density regimes > 300 mA cm-2 . Here, 3D-printable fluoropolymer GDLs with tunable microporosity and structure are reported and probe the effects of permeance, microstructural porosity, macrostructure, and surface morphology. Under a given choice of applied electrochemical potential and electrolyte, a 100× increase in the C2 H4 :CO ratio due to GDL surface morphology design over a homogeneously porous equivalent and a 1.8× increase in the C2 H4 partial current density due to a pyramidal macrostructure are observed. These findings offer routes to improve CO2 RR GDEs as a platform for 3D catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wicks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Melinda L Jue
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Victor A Beck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - James S Oakdale
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Nikola A Dudukovic
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Auston L Clemens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Siwei Liang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Megan E Ellis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Geonhui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sarah E Baker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
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Putzer M, Ackerl N, Wegener K. Geometry assessment of ultra-short pulsed laser drilled micro-holes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2020; 117:2445-2452. [PMID: 34759441 PMCID: PMC8568866 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-020-06199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-short pulsed laser ablation enables a defined generation of micro-holes. A parameter study on the ablation characteristics of copper clearly reveals a benefit for green wavelength with lower threshold fluence, simultaneously increasing the Rayleigh length. The use of a circular drilling method allows a defined manufacturing of micro boreholes and micro through-holes with 35 μm diameter of up to 165 μm and 300 μm length. Introducing high-resolution micro-computed X-ray tomography studying the micro-hole evolution and adjacent geometrical transformations reveals micrometer resolution and high usability. The conical geometry evolving up to an aspect ratio of 5:1 fits well to established models known for percussion drilling. However, increasing the number of pulses leads to non-conical geometry evolution, and this resulting geometry is studied for the first time. Henceforth, the exact geometrical evolution from conical to cylindrical shape upon laser drilling can be resolved revealing the impact of multiple reflections at the generated steep flanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Putzer
- inspire AG, Technoparkstrasse 1, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IWF, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Ackerl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IWF, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Wegener
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IWF, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich, Switzerland
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