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Xie W, Zhu T, Yuan B, Fu S, Mao Z, Ye Z, Zhu Z, Zhang X. Plasma-catalyzed combined dynamic wave scrubbing: A novel method for highly efficient removal of multiple pollutants from flue gas at low temperatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132518. [PMID: 37797573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel approach combining a non-thermal plasma system with M(Ce, Cu)-Mn/13X oxidation and post-dynamic wave wet scrubbing technologies, for effectively removing multiple pollutants from flue gases. Experimental results demonstrated that the plasma coupled with post-dynamic wave wet scrubbing achieved impressive synergistic removal efficiencies of 98% for SO2, 50.9% for NO, and 51.3% for Hg0 in flue gas. Through the use of M(Ce, Cu)-Mn/13X catalysts synthesized via the co-precipitation, the oxidation efficiency of the system is significantly enhanced, with synergistic removal efficiencies reaching up to 100% for SO2, 98.7% for NO, and 96% for Hg0. Notably, (Ce-Mn)/13X exhibited superior catalytic activity, the results are supported by comprehensive sample characterization, DFT mechanistic analysis, and experimental validation. Additionally, we elucidated the plasma oxidation mechanism and the working principles of the M(Ce, Cu)-Mn/13X loaded catalysts. This innovative technology not only facilitates pollutant oxidation but also ensures their complete removal from flue gas, providing a high-efficiency, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of multi-pollutants in flue gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Lacklustre Shale Gas Accumulation and Exploitation, Shaanxi 710000, China.
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shunjiang Fu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhishan Mao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zefu Ye
- Gemeng International Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Gemeng International Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Yan W, Qi G, Gao Y, Guo D, Jiao W, Liu Y. Removal of NO in flue gas simulated by the Fe 2+/Cu 2+-activated double oxidant system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:639-648. [PMID: 36036221 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
⋅ O H The wet denitrification technology has a good development prospect due to its simple system and mild reaction conditions, and related research has become a hot topic in the field of flue gas purification. In this work, a novel simultaneous removal technology of NO from flue gas using Fe2+/Cu2+-catalytic H2O2/(NH4)2S2O8 system was developed for the first time. The feasibility of this new flue gas cleaning technology was explored through a series of experiments and performance analyses. The mechanism of oxidation products, free radicals and simultaneous removal of NO was revealed. The effects of the main process parameters on the removal of NO were investigated. Relevant results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of NO was elevated when the concentration of (NH4)2S2O8 or reacting temperature increased, while it was decreased after increasing the raising of Fe2+, Cu2+ and H2O2 concentrations. The main radicals were and·S O 4 - , using the electron spin resonance technique in the solution, and played a very important role in NO removal. The main products were carried out by ion chromatography and elemental N material accountancy, and the results showed that it was sulfate and nitrate in the solution, which provided theoretical guidance for the subsequent treatment and resource utilization of the absorption solution. The results of the study provided a theoretical basis for the industrial application of wet denitrification.Highlights A new green process of NO removal by a wet process with Fe2+/Cu2+ activated (NH4)2S2O8 system is proposed in this paper;Elimination mechanisms and paths of NO are elucidated;The synergistic role produced by Cu2+ and Fe2+ is beneficial to the purification of NO;The synergistic role produced by (NH4)2S2O8 and H2O2 increased the concentration of free radicals in the solution;This process jointly considers the enhanced removal of NO and recycling of transition metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yan
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Qi
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusong Gao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Guo
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhou Jiao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youzhi Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Simultaneous oxidation absorption of NO and Hg0 using biomass carbon- activated Oxone system under synergism of high temperature. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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4
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Yang N, Qi X, Li Y, Li G, Duan X. Highly effective remediation of high arsenic-bearing wastewater using aluminum-containing waste residue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116417. [PMID: 36257224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from non-ferrous metal smelting is known as one of the most dangerous sources of arsenic (As) due to its high acidity and high arsenic content. Herein, we propose a new environmental protection process for the efficient purification and removal of arsenic from wastewater by the formation of an AlAsO4@silicate core-shell structure based on the characteristics of aluminum-containing waste residue (AWR). At room temperature, the investigation with AWR almost achieved 100% As removal efficiency from wastewater, reducing the arsenic concentration from 5500 mg/L to 52 μg/L. With Al/As molar ratio of 3.5, the structural properties of AWR provided good adsorption sites for arsenic adsorption, leading to the formation of arsenate and insoluble aluminum arsenate with As. As-containing AWR silicate shells were produced under alkaline conditions, resulting in an arsenic leaching concentration of 1.32 mg/L in the TCLP test. AWR, as an efficient As removal and fixation agent, shows great potential in the treatment of copper smelting wastewater, and is expected to achieve large-scale industrial As removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xianjin Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Yongkui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
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Altaf AR, Adewuyi YG, Teng H, Liu G, Abid F. Elemental mercury (Hg 0) removal from coal syngas using magnetic tea-biochar: Experimental and theoretical insights. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 122:150-161. [PMID: 35717081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is ranked 3rd as a global pollutant because of its long persistence in the environment. Approximately 65% of its anthropogenic emission (Hg0) to the atmosphere is from coal-thermal power plants. Thus, the Hg0 emission control from coal-thermal power plants is inevitable. Therefore, multiple sorbent materials were synthesized using a one-step pyrolysis method to capture the Hg0 from simulated coal syngas. Results showed, the Hg0 removal performance of the sorbents increased by the citric acid/ultrasonic application. T5CUF0.3 demonstrated the highest Hg0 capturing performance with an adsorption capacity of 106.81 µg/g within 60 min at 200 °C under complex simulated syngas mixture (20% CO, 20% H2, 10 ppmV HCl, 6% H2O, and 400 ppmV H2S). The Hg0 removal mechanism was proposed, revealing that the chemisorption governs the Hg0 removal process. Besides, the active Hg0 removal performance is attributed to the high dispersion of valence Fe3O4 and lattice oxygen (α) contents over the T5CUF0.3 surface. In addition, the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and XPS analysis confirmed that H2S/HCl gases generate active sites over the sorbent surface, facilitating high Hg0 adsorption from syngas. This work represented a facile and practical pathway for utilizing cheap and eco-friendly tea waste to control the Hg0 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Raza Altaf
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yusuf G Adewuyi
- Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Haipeng Teng
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Coal-based Energy, China Huaneng Group Clean Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changping District, Beijing 102209, China.
| | - Fazeel Abid
- Department of Information System, Dr Hassan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
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6
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Computer simulation and modeling the metal to insulating transition of liquid mercury via pair, empirical, and many-body potentials. J Mol Model 2022; 28:377. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Chen H, Lu Z, Chen Y, Wu S, Zheng J, Qian Z. Advanced Oxidant Process with Fe(II)-Catalyzed Alkaline H 2O 2 Systems for Highly Efficient Concurrent Scavenging of NO and SO 2 in High Gravitational Fields. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Weiqiao-UCAS Research Institute, Huanghe 8th Road, Bingzhou256600, Shangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shao Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Weiqiao-UCAS Research Institute, Huanghe 8th Road, Bingzhou256600, Shangdong, China
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Adewuyi YG, Arif Khan M. Modeling the Synchronous Absorption and Oxidation of NO and SO2 by Activated Peroxydisulfate in a Lab-scale Bubble Reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Ali S, Mansha M, Baig N, Khan SA. Recent Trends and Future Perspectives of Emergent Analytical Techniques for Mercury Sensing in Aquatic Environments. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100327. [PMID: 35253977 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Environmental emissions of mercury from industrial waste and natural sources, even in trace amounts, are toxic to organisms and ecosystems. However, industrial-scale mercury detection is limited by the high cost, low sensitivity/specificity, and poor selectivity of the available analytical tools. This review summarizes the key sensors for mercury detection in aqueous environments: colorimetric-, electrochemical-, fluorescence-, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensors reported between 2014-2021. It then compares the performances of these sensors in the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg2+ ) and methyl mercury (CH3 Hg+ ) species in aqueous samples. Mercury sensors for aquatic applications still face serious challenges in terms of difficult deployment in remote areas and low robustness, reliability, and selectivity in harsh environments. We provide future perspectives on the selective detection of organomercury species, which are especially toxic and reactive in aquatic environments. This review is intended as a valuable resource for scientists in the field of mercury sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Yuan P, Ma H, Shen B, Ji Z. Abatement of NO/SO 2/Hg 0 from flue gas by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): Tech-category, status quo and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150958. [PMID: 34656565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides a state-of-art insight into the removal of NO, SO2 and elemental mercury (Hg0) from flue gas by using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) method. Firstly, the main flue gas purification strategies based on AOPs would be classified as gas-gas, gas-liquid and gas-solid systems preliminarily, and the primary chemistry/mechanism of the above homogeneous/heterogeneous reaction systems were presented as the oxidation of NO, SO2 and Hg0 by the oxidative free radicals (OH, O2 and SO4-etc.). Secondly, the research progress and reaction pathways for separately or simultaneously removing NO, SO2 and Hg0 from flue gas by AOPs has been reviewed elaborated and analyzed in more details. Notably, the wet/dry oxidation coupled with efficient absorption process would be a promising method of efficient removal of above gaseous pollutants. Subsequently, four types of assumed layout modes were described graphically. The application prospects of AOPs for the purification of flue gas from coal-fired boiler or industrial furnace were evaluated and found that the operation cost and utilization of oxidants must be reduced and improved respectively. Finally, the limitations in the current removal technologies based on AOPs are highlighted, meanwhile the future research directions are suggested, such as cut down the cost of oxidants and catalysts, improve the yield and valid utilization of highly reactive radicals and enhance the reactivity, resistance and stability of catalysts. Significantly, it is also envisaged that the review could enrich the knowledge repository to function as a scientific reference for the sustainable development of economical, effective and environment-friendly technologies for the abatement of a wide variety of emissions from flue gas, and further improve the feasibility and reliability of the strategies for moving from laboratory studies to large-scale development and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Haofei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China.
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Klaß L, Ritz P, Hirsch M, Kettler J, Havenith A, Wilden A, Modolo G. Gamma-spectrometric measurement procedure for a clearance concept of radioactively contaminated mercury from nuclear facilities. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRadioactive mercury waste constitutes a significant challenge, as no approved disposal concept yet exists for such waste in Germany. This work describes a decontamination and measurement procedure for a possible clearance of mercury from nuclear facilities and release into reuse or conventional hazardous waste disposal to reduce the amount of mercury in a nuclear repository. The measurement setup and procedure were developed and evaluated including Monte-Carlo N-Particle® Transport Code (MCNP® and Monte Carlo N-Particle® are registered trademarks owned by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, manager and operator of Los Alamos National Laboratory, (Werner 2018, Werner 2017)), simulations to ensure conservative assumptions during the measurements. Results from decontaminated mercury samples show that a clearance pursuant to the German regulations would be feasible.
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Liu Y, Liu L, Wang Y. A Critical Review on Removal of Gaseous Pollutants Using Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9691-9710. [PMID: 34191483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive emissions of gaseous pollutants such as SO2, NOx, heavy metals (Hg, As, etc.), H2S, VOCs, etc. have triggered a series of environmental pollution incidents. Sulfate radical (SO4•-)-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) are one of the most promising gaseous pollutants removal technologies because they can not only produce active free radicals with strong oxidation ability to simultaneously degrade most of gaseous pollutants, but also their reaction processes are environmentally friendly. However, so far, the special review focusing on gaseous pollutants removal using SO4•--based AOTs is not reported. This review reports the latest advances in removal of gaseous pollutants (e.g., SO2, NOx, Hg, As, H2S, and VOCs) using SO4•--based AOTs. The performance, mechanism, active species identification and advantages/disadvantages of these removal technologies using SO4•--based AOTs are reviewed. The existing challenges and further research suggestions are also commented. Results show that SO4•--based AOTs possess good development potential in gaseous pollutant control field due to simple reagent transportation and storage, low product post-treatment requirements and strong degradation ability of refractory pollutants. Each SO4•--based AOT possesses its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of removal performance, cost, reliability, and product post-treatment. Low free radical yield, poor removal capacity, unclear removal mechanism/contribution of active species, unreliable technology and high cost are still the main problems in this field. The combined use of multiactivation technologies is one of the promising strategies to overcome these defects since it may make up for the shortcomings of independent technology. In order to improve free radical yield and pollutant removal capacity, enhancement of mass transfer and optimization design of reactor are critical issues. Comprehensive consideration of catalytic materials, removal chemistry, mass transfer and reactor is the promising route to solve these problems. In order to clarify removal mechanism, it is essential to select suitable free radical sacrificial agents, probes and spin trapping agents, which possess high selectivity for target specie, high solubility in water, and little effect on activity of catalyst itself and mass transfer/diffusion parameters. In order to further reduce investment and operating costs, it is necessary to carry out the related studies on simultaneous removal of more gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Yuan P, Wang Z, Ahmad MS, Kong W, Ma J, Wang Z, Shen B, Ji Z. Enhanced oxidative removal of NO by UV/in situ Fenton: Factors, kinetics and simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146202. [PMID: 34030361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of experiments on the oxidative removal of NO from flue gas using a novel in situ Fenton (IF) system was performed in the presence of ultraviolet light (UV). The comparison tests revealed that the in situ Fenton system facilitated by UV (UV/IF) has a better oxidation ability of NO than that of the IF system due to the photochemical effect on the generation of oxidative species like (OH). Both of the aforementioned oxidation efficiencies were higher than that of the conventional Fenton system (CF) depending on the premix of Fe2+ and H2O2 solutions, which attribute to the improvement of (OH) yield and valid utilization with continuous addition of fresh reagents and UV radiation. In follow-up experiments, the effects of UV power, gas flow rate, reagent temperature, Fe2+/H2O2 molar ratio, initial pH, initial concentration of NO and SO2 and volume fraction O2 and CO2 on the oxidative removal of NO by UV/IF method were investigated respectively. Moreover, the results of kinetic analysis indicated that NO oxidation was confirmed to have a pseudo-first-order kinetics pattern. The rate constants decreased slightly with increasing liquid temperature, and then the apparent activation energy of NO oxidation reactions in the UV/IF system was calculated as -5.62 kJ/mol by the Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism and application prospects concerning NO oxidative removal by using the UV/IF system was speculated in brief. Finally, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations revealed that the improvement of axial and radial gas hold-up would enhance the gas-liquid contact and accelerate the oxidation reactions on the interface. In addition to reasonable control of process parameters, the optimization of reactor interior structure needs to be carried out via CFD simulation and experimental validation in future research, both are favourable to promote the NO oxidation efficiency and large-scale development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutants Control, School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China.
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Huang Z, Wei Z, Tang M, Yu S, Jiao H. Biological treatments of mercury and nitrogen oxides in flue gas: biochemical foundations, technological potentials, and recent advances. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:133-168. [PMID: 34353503 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and mercury (Hg) are commonly found coexistent pollutants in combustion flue gas. Ever-increasing emission of atmospheric Hg and NOx has caused considerable environmental risks. Traditional flue gas demercuration and denitration techniques have many socioeconomic, technological and environmental drawbacks. Biotechnologies can be a promising and prospective alternative strategy. This article discusses theoretical foundation (biochemistry and genomic basis) and technical potentials (Hg0 bio-oxidation coupled to denitrification) of bioremoval of Hg and NOx in flue gas and summarized recent experimental and technological advances. Finally, several specific technical perspectives have been put forward to better guide future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaishan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Meiru Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiyong Jiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China
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15
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The coupling use of electro-chemical and advanced oxidation to enhance the gaseous elemental mercury removal in flue gas. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Chen H, Wang C, Zhang J, Shi Y, Liu Y, Qian Z. NO x attenuation in flue gas by •OH/SO 4•--based advanced oxidation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37468-37487. [PMID: 32681339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in rapidly increasing emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx), which has caused serious human health and environmental problems. NO capture has become a research focus in gas purification because NO accounts for more than 90% of NOx and is difficult to remove. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), features the little secondary pollution and the broad-spectrum strong oxidation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), are effective and promising strategies for NO removal from coal-fired flue gas. This review provides the state of the art of NO removal by AOPs, highlighting several methods for producing •OH and SO4•-. According to the main radicals responsible for NO removal, these processes are classified into two categories: hydroxyl radical-based AOPs (HR-AOPs) and sulfate radical-based AOPs (SR-AOPs). This paper also reviews the mechanisms of NO capture by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SO4•- in various AOPs. A HiGee (high-gravity) enhanced AOP process for improving NO removal, characterized by intensified gas-liquid mass transfer and efficient micro-mixing, is then proposed and discussed in brief. We believe that this review will be useful for workers in this field. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yijie Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuexian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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Huang H, Hu H, Fan M, Ruan C, Li K, Zeng F, Huang L. Simultaneous Removal of SO 2 and Hg 0 by Composite Oxidant NaClO/NaClO 2 in a Packed Tower. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17931-17939. [PMID: 32743165 PMCID: PMC7391250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on the implementation of the global Minamata Convention, developing an efficient and economical technology for mercury reduction in coal-fired flue gas becomes a hotspot in the field of air pollution control. The composite oxidant NaClO/NaClO2 combined with limestone was used in the simultaneous removal of SO2 and Hg0 in this study, and the three-factor and four-level orthogonal experiments were performed in a packed tower. The influential sequence of various factors on SO2 and Hg0 removals was investigated through range analysis of the orthogonal experiments. Results showed that factors affecting desulfurization was C > A > B (liquid-gas ratio > oxidant concentration ratio > initial pH of absorption liquid), while factors affecting Hg0 removal was A > C > B (oxidant concentration ratio > liquid-gas ratio > initial pH of absorption liquid). Optimum conditions of simultaneous desulfurization and demercuration by NaClO/NaClO2 were A4B1C4; that is, the oxidant concentration ratio was 10/4 (mmol/L:mmol/L), the initial pH was 5, and the liquid-gas ratio was 18 (L/m3). The simultaneous removal efficiencies of SO2 and Hg0 reached 99.5 and 85.4% under these optimum conditions, respectively. Analysis of the characteristics of the solid products showed that the main products of the wet oxidation were CaSO4 and CaSO3. Analysis of the existing form of oxidized mercury showed that 23% of mercury was in the gypsum, while 77% was in the supernatant. Results of this research would provide a practical reference for promoting the simultaneous removal of SO2 and Hg0 by NaClO/NaClO2 with limestone in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- School of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Huazhong University
of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Huazhong University
of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- . Tel: +86-027-87792141
| | - Maohong Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Changchao Ruan
- School of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Huazhong University
of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- School of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Huazhong University
of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zeng
- School of
Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute
of Technology, Nanjing 211167, P. R. China
| | - Liya Huang
- School of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Huazhong University
of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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18
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Xiao Z, Li D, Wang F, Sun Z, Lin Z. Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 with a new recycling micro-nano bubble oxidation-absorption process based on HA-Na. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Zhou C, Zhu W, Chang X, Ding D, Zhang T, Chen J, Wu H, Yang H, Sun L. Mechanism study of enhanced interaction between gaseous elemental mercury and hydroxylated UIO-66. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22004-22013. [PMID: 32291637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel hydroxylated UIO-66 for gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) removal has been considered to be an emerging method because of its economical and reusable property. Density functional theory studies were investigated to reveal the enhanced heterogeneous interaction mechanisms between mercury and hydroxylated UIO-66 with and without the presence of H2O2 vapor. The adsorption and dissociation of H2O2 and the generation mechanism of surface hydroxyls on UIO-66 were investigated. Results indicated that H2O2 preferred to disconnect the O-O bond followed by the generation of two hydroxyls in the presence of H2O2. The hydroxyl adsorbed on UIO-66 and formed the UIO-66 hydroxylation product. The interaction performances between Hg0, H2O2, and UIO-66 as well as the interaction performances between Hg0 and hydroxylated UIO-66 systems were both evaluated through binding energy and the Mulliken charge analysis. Interacted energies indicated thermodynamically favorable processes of Hg-OH formation on hydroxylated UIO-66. The Mulliken charge changes revealed an oxidative process of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiong Chang
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lushi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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20
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Liu Y, Shan Y, Wang Y. Novel Simultaneous Removal Technology of NO and SO 2 Using a Semi-Dry Microwave Activation Persulfate System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2031-2042. [PMID: 31894977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As it has a simple system and a small floor area, flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technology has a good development prospect, and related research has become a hot topic in the field of flue gas purification. In this work, a novel simultaneous removal technology of NO and SO2 from flue gas using a semi-dry microwave activation persulfate system was developed for the first time. A series of experiments and characterization analyses had been implemented to research the feasibility of this new flue gas purification technology. The oxidation products, free radicals, and mechanism of NO and SO2 simultaneous removal were revealed. The effect of the main technological parameters on NO and SO2 simultaneous removal was also studied. Relevant results demonstrated that an increase in the microwave radiation power, persulfate concentration, and O2 concentration enhanced NO and SO2 simultaneous removal. The increase of NO and SO2 concentrations weakened NO and SO2 simultaneous removal. The reagent dosage, pH value of the solution, and reaction temperature showed a dual influence on NO and SO2 simultaneous removal. Free-radical capture experiments revealed that both SO4-• and •OH that were produced by microwave activation of persulfate were the major active species and played very key roles in NO and SO2 simultaneous removal. The main products (sulfate and nitrate) and byproducts (NO2) in the tail gas were found. The process application and product post-treatment routes were also proposed. The result may provide the necessary inspiration and guidance for the development and application of microwave-activated advanced oxidation technology in the flue gas treatment area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , China
| | - Ye Shan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , China
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21
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Xiao Z, Li D, Zhang R, Wang F, Pan F, Sun Z. An experimental study on the simultaneous removal of NO and SO 2 with a new wet recycling process based on the micro-nano bubble water system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4197-4205. [PMID: 31828709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The micronano bubble water system (MNBW) generated by a micronano bubble generator (MNBG) has the superior oxidation properties and can improve gas solubility. In the study, a new wet recycling process based on MNBW is proposed to simultaneously remove nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The important experimental parameters such as initial water pH, initial water temperature, NO and SO2 concentrations, and the presence of oxygen (O2) were investigated to explore the feasibility of desulfurization and denitration with MNBW. The experimental results showed that decreasing initial water pH or increasing initial water temperature and NO and SO2 concentrations were not conducive to the removal of NO or SO2. O2 could promote the removal of NO, but it had no effect on SO2 removal. In addition, SO2 removal efficiency always remained high and did not change obviously during the experimental period. However, NO removal efficiency gradually decreased in the first 50 min and then became stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongliang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Feikun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfeng Pan
- China New Energy (Shanghai) Limited Company, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
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22
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Adewuyi YG, Khan MA. Simultaneous NO and SO 2 removal by aqueous persulfate activated by combined heat and Fe 2+: experimental and kinetic mass transfer model studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1186-1201. [PMID: 29948722 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the chemistry, kinetics, and mass transfer aspects of the removal of NO and SO2 simultaneously from flue gas induced by the combined heat and Fe2+ activation of aqueous persulfate. The work involves experimental studies and the development of a mathematical model utilizing a comprehensive reaction scheme for detailed process evaluation, and to validate the results of an experimental study at 30-70 °C, which demonstrated that both SO2 and Fe2+ improved NO removal, while the SO2 is almost completely removed. The model was used to correlate experimental data, predict reaction species and nitrogen-sulfur (N-S) product concentrations, to obtain new kinetic data, and to estimate mass transfer coefficient (KLa) for NO and SO2 at different temperatures. The model percent conversion results appear to fit the data remarkably well for both NO and SO2 in the temperature range of 30-70 °C. The conversions ranged from 43.2 to 76.5% and 98.9 to 98.1% for NO and SO2, respectively, in the 30-70 °C range. The model predictions at the higher temperature of 90 °C were 90.0 and 97.4% for NO and SO2, respectively. The model also predicted decrease in KLa for SO2 of 1.097 × 10-4 to 8.88 × 10-5 s-1 (30-90 °C) and decrease in KLa for NO of 4.79 × 10-2 to 3.67 × 10-2 s-1 (30-50 °C) but increase of 4.36 × 10-2 to 4.90 × 10-2 s-1 at higher temperatures (70-90 °C). This emerging sulfate-radical-based process could be applied to the treatment of flue gases from combustion sources. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf G Adewuyi
- Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
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23
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Wang L, Hou D, Cao Y, Ok YS, Tack FMG, Rinklebe J, O'Connor D. Remediation of mercury contaminated soil, water, and air: A review of emerging materials and innovative technologies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105281. [PMID: 31726360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mercury contamination in soil, water and air is associated with potential toxicity to humans and ecosystems. Industrial activities such as coal combustion have led to increased mercury (Hg) concentrations in different environmental media. This review critically evaluates recent developments in technological approaches for the remediation of Hg contaminated soil, water and air, with a focus on emerging materials and innovative technologies. Extensive research on various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosheets and magnetic nanocomposites, for mercury removal are investigated. This paper also examines other emerging materials and their characteristics, including graphene, biochar, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as well as other materials such as clay minerals and manganese oxides. Based on approaches including adsorption/desorption, oxidation/reduction and stabilization/containment, the performances of innovative technologies with the aid of these materials were examined. In addition, technologies involving organisms, such as phytoremediation, algae-based mercury removal, microbial reduction and constructed wetlands, were also reviewed, and the role of organisms, especially microorganisms, in these techniques are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yining Cao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Direct catalytic oxidation and removal of NO in flue gas by the micro bubbles gas–liquid dispersion system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-019-00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The method of micro bubbles is widely applied in the fields of water and soil treatment. A novel treatment method of NO in flue gas through a gas–liquid two-phase system formed by micro bubbles is proposed in this study. The system depends on the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The NO removal performance of the micro gas–liquid dispersion system induced by catalysts and O3 was explored and the reaction pathways were elucidated. Micro bubbles, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in solution improved NO removal performance significantly. Salinity and surfactants affected the removal performance of NO by altering micro bubbles. In the presence of Fe2+, the NO removal rate reached 65.2% at pH 5, 75.8% under 0.5 g/L NaCl and 82.1% under 6 mg/L sodium dodecyl sulfate. In the presence of Mn2+, the NO removal rate reached 69.2% at pH 5, 83.2% under 0.5 g/L NaCl and 92.3% under 6 mg/L sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, in the presence of both Mn2+ and Fe2+, NO conversion rate was 93.2%. The NO removal rate in the presence of O3 was further improved under the same conditions. The study provides the basis for the application and development of micro bubbles in flue gas treatments for NO removal. The results can help to solve the problems of high operating cost, large oxidant consumption, secondary pollution, and high energy consumption in traditional NO removal methods.
Graphic abstract
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25
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Qin M, Dong Y, Cui L, Yao J, Ma C. Pilot-scale experiment and simulation optimization of dual-loop wet flue gas desulfurization spray scrubbers. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Yang W, Shan Y, Ding S, Han X, Liu Y, Pan J. Gas-phase elemental mercury removal using ammonium chloride impregnated sargassum chars. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1923-1936. [PMID: 29364057 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1432699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, pyrolyzed bio-chars derived from a kind of macroalgae, sargassum, were modified by ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) impregnation, and were applied to remove Hg0 from flue gas. The characteristics of sorbents were investigated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and ultimate and proximate analysis. The key parameters (e.g. loading value, reaction temperature and concentration of O2, NO, SO2 and water vapor), kinetics analysis and reaction mechanism of Hg0 removal were investigated. The results show that increasing loading value, reaction temperature, O2 concentration and NO concentration enhance Hg0 removal. The increase in SO2 concentration or water vapor concentration has a dual effect on Hg0 removal. The C-Cl groups and C=O groups play an important role in the process of Hg0 removal. The Hg0 removal process of modified samples meets the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Shan
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ding
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Han
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxian Liu
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhao Y, Nie G, Ma X, Xu P, Zhao X. Peroxymonosulfate catalyzed by rGO assisted CoFe 2O 4 catalyst for removing Hg 0 from flue gas in heterogeneous system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:868-877. [PMID: 30954835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt ferrite-reduced oxidized graphene (CoFe2O4/rGO) catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauere Emmette Teller (BET) and Hysteresis loop. For developing a new method of removing elemental mercury (Hg0) from flue gas, the effects of catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, solution pH and reaction temperature on the removal efficiency were investigated experimentally by using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by CoFe2O4/rGO at a self-made bubbling reactor. The average removal efficiency of Hg0 in a 30-min period reached 95.56%, when CoFe2O4/rGO dosage was 0.288 g/L, PMS concentration was 3.5 mmol/L, solution pH was 5.5 and reaction temperature was 55 °C. Meanwhile, based on the free radical quenching experiments, in which, ethyl alcohol and tert butyl alcohol were used as quenchers to prove indirectly the presence of •OH and SO4•-, the characterizations of catalysts and reaction products, and the existing results from other scholars. The reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Guoxin Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiaochu Zhao
- Haidian Branch, Beijing Electric Power Supply Company, Beijing 100000, PR China
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29
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Zhao Y, Yuan B, Zheng Z, Hao R. Removal of multi-pollutant from flue gas utilizing ammonium persulfate solution catalyzed by Fe/ZSM-5. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:266-274. [PMID: 30243249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A nano-sized iron loaded ZSM-5 zeolite (Fe/ZSM-5) catalyst was firstly used to activate (NH4)2S2O8 solution for the simultaneous removal of multi-pollutant from flue gas. The simultaneous removal efficiencies 100% of SO2, 72.6% of NO and 93.4% of Hg° were achieved under the condition that the catalyst dose was 0.8 g/L, concentration, pH and temperature of (NH4)2S2O8 solution were 0.03 mol/L, 5 and 65 °C, respectively. The stability of catalyst was checked by a continuous test, proving that the catalytic activity was maintained for 4 h and the leached iron reached low levels. Based on the catalyst characterizations, product analysis and literatures, the removal mechanism was speculated preliminarily, during which, OH and SO4- played key roles for oxidizing NO and Hg° into NO3- and Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Zheng
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Runlong Hao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhao J, Li H, Yang Z, Zhu L, Zhang M, Feng Y, Qu W, Yang J, Shih K. Dual Roles of Nano-Sulfide in Efficient Removal of Elemental Mercury from Coal Combustion Flue Gas within a Wide Temperature Range. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12926-12933. [PMID: 30351029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured zinc sulfide (Nano-ZnS) has been demonstrated to be an efficient adsorbent for removal of elemental mercury (Hg0). However, the Hg0 removal performance deteriorates once the flue gas temperature deviates from the optimal temperature of 180 °C. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) light, which is generally generated through corona discharge in electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), was adopted to enhance Hg0 removal by Nano-ZnS. With the UV irradiation, Nano-ZnS exhibited excellent performance in Hg0 removal within a much wide temperature range from room temperature to 240 °C. A Hg0 removal efficiency of 99% was achieved at 60 °C even under extremely adverse conditions, that is, gas flow with an extremely high gas hourly space velocity but without hydrogen chloride. At low temperatures, Hg0 was mainly oxidized by superoxide radicals (•O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by UV photostimulation to form mercuric oxide (HgO). At high temperatures, most Hg0 was immobilized as mercuric sulfide (HgS), as both the enhanced chemisorption and the accelerated transformation of HgO to HgS facilitated the formation of HgS. Compared with commercial activated carbon, injection of Nano-ZnS can utilize the UV in ESPs to warrant a higher Hg0 removal efficiency within a much wider temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexia Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Zequn Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Mingguang Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wenqi Qu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Jianping Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR China
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31
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Karimifard S, Alavi Moghaddam MR. Application of response surface methodology in physicochemical removal of dyes from wastewater: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:772-797. [PMID: 30021324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) is a powerful tool in designing the experiments and optimizing different environmental processes. However, when it comes to wastewater treatment and specifically dye-containing wastewater, two questions arise; "Is RSM being used correctly?" and "Are all capabilities of RSM being exploited properly?". The current review paper aims to answer these questions by scrutinizing different physicochemical processes that utilized RSM in dye removal. The literature that applied RSM to adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, coagulation/flocculation and electrocoagulation processes were critically reviewed in this paper. The common errors in applying RSM to physicochemical removal of dyes are identified and some suggestions are made for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Karimifard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez St., Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez St., Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
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32
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Liu Y, Wang Y. Gaseous Elemental Mercury Removal Using Combined Metal Ions and Heat Activated Peroxymonosulfate/H2
O2
Solutions. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu, 212013 China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu, 212013 China
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33
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Xing Y, Li L, Lu P, Cui J, Li Q, Yan B, Jiang B, Wang M. Simultaneous purifying of Hg 0, SO 2, and NOx from flue gas by Fe 3+/H 2O 2: the performance and purifying mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6456-6465. [PMID: 29249033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hg0, SO2, and NOx result in heavily global environmental pollution and serious health hazards. Up to now, how to efficiently remove mercury with SO2 and NOx from flue gas is still a tough task. In this study, series of high oxidizing Fenton systems were employed to purify the pollutants. The experimental results showed that Fe3+/H2O2 was more suitable to purify Hg0 than Fe2+/H2O2 and Cu2+/H2O2. The optimal condition includes Fe3+ concentration of 0.008 mol/L, Hg0 inlet concentration of 40 μg/m3, solution temperature of 50 °C, pH of 3, H2O2 concentration of 0.7 mol/L, and O2 percentage of 6%. When SO2 and NOx were taken into account under the optimal condition, Hg0 removal efficiency could be enhanced to 91.11% while the removal efficiency of both NOx and SO2 was slightly declined, which was consistent to the analysis of purifying mechanism. The removal efficiency of Hg0 was stimulated by accelerating the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+, which resulted from the existence of SO2 and NOx. The results of this study suggested that simultaneously purifying Hg0, SO2, and NOx from flue gas is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liuliu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Pei Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Qianli Li
- Langfang Environmental Protection Bureau, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Bojun Yan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengsi Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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34
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu W, Yang W, Pan Z, Wang Q. Simultaneous absorption–oxidation of nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide using ammonium persulfate synergistically activated by UV-light and heat. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Adewuyi YG, Sakyi NY, Arif Khan M. Simultaneous removal of NO and SO 2 from flue gas by combined heat and Fe 2+ activated aqueous persulfate solutions. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1216-1225. [PMID: 29874751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to integrate flue gas treatments for SO2, NOx and Hg0 into a single process unit is rapidly gaining research attention. AOPs are processes that rely on the generation of mainly the hydroxyl radical. This work evaluates the effectiveness of the simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from flue gas utilizing AOP induced by the combined heat and Fe2+ activation of aqueous persulfate, and elucidates the reaction pathways. The results indicated that both SO2 in the flue gas and Fe2+ in solution improved NO removal, while the SO2 is almost completely removed. Increased temperature led to increase in NO removal in the absence and presence of both Fe2+ and SO2, and in the absence of either SO2 or Fe2+, but the enhanced NO removal due to the presence of SO2 alone dominated at all temperatures. The removal of NO increased from 77.5% at 30 °C to 80.5% and 82.3% at 50 °C and 70 °C in the presence of SO2 alone, and from 35.3% to 62.7% and 81.2%, respectively, in the presence of Fe2+ alone. However, in the presence of both SO2 and Fe2+, NO conversion is 46.2% at 30 °C, increased only slightly to 48.2% at 50 °C; but sharply increased to 78.7% at 70 °C compared to 63.9% for persulfate-only activation. Results suggest NO removal in the presence of SO2 is equally effective by heat-only or heat-Fe2+ activation as the temperature increases. The results should be useful for future developments of advanced oxidation processes for flue gas treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf G Adewuyi
- Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
| | - Nana Y Sakyi
- Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - M Arif Khan
- Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
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36
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yin Y, Pan J, Zhang J, Wang Q. Simultaneous absorption of SO 2 and NO from flue gas using ultrasound/Fe 2+/heat coactivated persulfate system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:326-334. [PMID: 28846919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel process on simultaneous absorption of SO2 and NO from flue gas using ultrasound (US)/Fe2+/heat coactivated persulfate system was proposed. The influencing factors, active species, products and mechanism of SO2 and NO removal were investigated. The results indicate that US enhances NO removal due to enhancement of mass transfer and chemical reaction. US of 28kHz is more effective than that of 40kHz. NO removal efficiency increases with increasing persulfate concentration, ultrasonic power density and Fe2+ concentration (at high persulfate concentration). Solution pH, solution temperature and Fe2+ concentration (at low persulfate concentration) have double effect on NO removal. SO2 is completely removed in most of tested removal systems, except for using water absorption. US, Fe2+ and heat have a synergistic effect for activating persulfate to produce free radicals, and US/Fe2+/heat coactivated persulfate system achieves the highest NO removal efficiency. ·OH and SO4-· play a leading role for NO oxidation, and persulfate only plays a complementary role for NO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Ziyang Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Efficient & Clean Energy Utilization of Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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37
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Zhao Y, Ma X, Xu P, Wang H, Liu Y, He A. Elemental mercury removal from flue gas by CoFe 2O 4 catalyzed peroxymonosulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 341:228-237. [PMID: 28780437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method, and characterized by a X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and hysteresis loop method. The chemical states on surface of the fresh and spent catalysts were analyzed by a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experiments of elemental mercury (Hg0) removal from flue gas were conducted in a laboratory scale using activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by CoFe2O4, and the effects of the dosage of catalyst, the concentration of PMS, initial solution pH and reaction temperature on mercury removal efficiency were investigated. The average removal efficiency of Hg0 could maintain steady at 85% in 45min when the concentrations of CoFe2O4 and PMS were 0.288g/L and 3.5mmol/l respectively, solution pH was 7 and reaction temperature was 55°C. In order to speculate the reaction mechanism, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol were used as the quenching agents to indirectly prove the existence of SO4- and OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Anen He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
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38
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Pan J, Zhang J. Simultaneous removal of NO and SO 2 using vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV)/heat/peroxymonosulfate (PMS). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:431-441. [PMID: 29024887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal process of SO2 and NO from flue gas using vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV)/heat/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a VUV spraying reactor was proposed. The key influencing factors, active species, reaction products and mechanism of SO2 and NO simultaneous removal were investigated. The results show that vacuum ultraviolet light (185 nm) achieves the highest NO removal efficiency and yield of and under the same test conditions. NO removal is enhanced at higher PMS concentration, light intensity and oxygen concentration, and is inhibited at higher NO concentration, SO2 concentration and solution pH. Solution temperature has a double impact on NO removal. CO2 concentration has no obvious effect on NO removal. and produced from VUV-activation of PMS play a leading role in NO removal. O3 and ·O produced from VUV-activation of O2 also play an important role in NO removal. SO2 achieves complete removal under all experimental conditions due to its very high solubility in water and good reactivity. The highest simultaneous removal efficiency of SO2 and NO reaches 100% and 91.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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39
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Zhou C, Yang H, Chen J, Qi D, Sun J, Mao L, Song Z, Sun L. Mechanism of heterogeneous reaction between gaseous elemental mercury and H2O2 on Fe3O4 (1 1 0) surface. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Zhao Y, Qi M, Hao R. Elemental Mercury Removal from Flue Gas by Diperiodatoargentate(III) Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted in a bubble column reactor to investigate the effects of key influencing factors such as the diperiodatoargentate (III) concentration, the reaction temperature, the solution pH, O2 concentration, SO2 concentration and NO concentration on the Hg0 removal. The results indicated that the average removal efficiency of 77.5 % was reached under the optimal conditions in which the DPA concentration was 1.03mmol/L, the reaction temperature was 40 °C and the solution pH was 8.5; SO2 inhibited Hg0 oxidation due to its competition for the limited oxidant; when NO was in a low concentration, it was found to be a promotion for Hg0 oxidation. The spent solution was analyzed by the CVAFS, The results illustrated that Hg0 was oxidized into Hg2+ by DPA then DPA was converted into Ag+, from which, the reaction mechanism was speculated accordingly.
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41
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Zhou J, Liu Y, Pan J. Removal of elemental Mercury from flue gas using wheat straw chars modified by K 2FeO 4 reagent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:3047-3054. [PMID: 28118784 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1287222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, wheat straw (WS) char, a common agricultural waste and renewable biomass, was pyrolyzed and then modified by K2FeO4 reagent to develop an efficient sorbent for removal of Hg0 from flue gas. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy with energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the sorbents. The effects of K2FeO4 loading, reaction temperature, Hg0 inlet concentration and concentrations of gas mixtures O2, NO and SO2 in flue gas on Hg0 removal were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results show that K2FeO4-impregnation can improve pore structure of WS char and produce new active sites, which significantly enhance Hg0 removal. Increasing Hg0 inlet concentration significantly decreases Hg0 removal efficiency. O2 in flue gas promotes Hg0 oxidation by replenishing the oxygen groups on the surface of modified chars. The presence of NO obviously promotes Hg0 removal since it can oxidize Hg0 to Hg(NO3)2. SO2 in flue gas significantly decreases Hg0 removal efficiency due to the competition adsorption between SO2 and Hg0. The increase in reaction temperature has a dual impact on Hg0 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhou
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxian Liu
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- a School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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42
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. Oxidation Removal of Nitric Oxide from Flue Gas Using UV Photolysis of Aqueous Hypochlorite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11950-11959. [PMID: 28946737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation removal of nitric oxide (NO) from flue gas using UV photolysis of aqueous hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2 and NaClO) in a photochemical spraying reactor was studied. The key parameters (e.g., light intensity, hypochlorite concentration, solution temperature, solution pH, and concentration of NO, SO2, O2, and CO2), mechanism and kinetics of NO oxidation removal were investigated. The results demonstrate that UV and hypochlorite have a significant synergistic role for promoting the production of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and enhancing NO removal. NO removal was enhanced with the increase of light intensity, hypochlorite concentration, or O2 concentration but was inhibited with the increase of NO or CO2 concentration. Solution temperature, solution pH, and SO2 concentration have double the effect on NO removal. NO is oxidized by ·OH and hypochlorite, and ·OH plays a key role in NO oxidation removal. The rate equation and kinetic parameters of NO oxidation removal were also obtained, which can provide an important theoretical basis for studying the numerical simulation of NO absorption process and the amplification design of the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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43
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Liu Z, Wang D, Peng B, Chai L, Liu H, Yang S, Yang B, Xiang K, Liu C. Transport and transformation of mercury during wet flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous metal smelting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22494-22502. [PMID: 28803273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing mercury emission is hot topic for international society. The first step for controlling mercury in fuel gas is to investigate mercury distribution and during the flue gas treatment process. The mercury transport and transformation in wet flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous smelting industry was studied in the paper with critical important parameters, such as the solution temperature, Hg0 concentration, SO2 concentration, and Hg2+ concentration at the laboratory scale. The mass ratio of the mercury distribution in the solution, flue gas, sludge, and acid fog from the simulated flue gas containing Hg2+ and Hg0 was 49.12~65.54, 18.34~35.42, 11.89~14.47, and 1.74~3.54%, respectively. The primary mercury species in the flue gas and acid fog were gaseous Hg0 and dissolved Hg2+. The mercury species in the cleaning solution were dissolved Hg2+ and colloidal mercury, which accounted for 56.56 and 7.34% of the total mercury, respectively. Various mercury compounds, including Hg2Cl2, HgS, HgCl2, HgSO4, and HgO, existed in the sludge. These results for mercury distribution and speciation are highly useful in understanding mercury transport and transformation during the wet flue gas cleaning process. This research is conducive for controlling mercury emissions from nonferrous smelting flue gas and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilou Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Engineering, 86 Hongqi Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bing Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bentao Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kaisong Xiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Cao Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, China
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44
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Song J, Yan L, Duan J, Jing C. TiO2 crystal facet-dependent antimony adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 496:522-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Liu Z, Peng B, Chai L, Liu H, Yang S, Yang B, Xiang K, Liu C, Wang D. Selective Removal of Elemental Mercury from High-Concentration SO2 Flue Gas by Thiourea Solution and Investigation of Mechanism. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilou Liu
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bing Peng
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shu Yang
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bentao Yang
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kaisong Xiang
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Cao Liu
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- School
of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China
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46
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Yang W, Liu Y, Xu W, Wang Q, Zhao L, Pan J. Oxidation-separation kinetics of nitric oxide from flue gas using ferrate (VI) reagent in a spraying reactor. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
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47
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Removal of NO from flue gas using UV/S2O82− process in a novel photochemical impinging stream reactor. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Pan J. Novel Process of Simultaneous Removal of Nitric Oxide and Sulfur Dioxide Using a Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV)-Activated O 2/H 2O/H 2O 2 System in A Wet VUV-Spraying Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12966-12975. [PMID: 27792309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel process for NO and SO2 simultaneous removal using a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, with 185 nm wavelength)-activated O2/H2O/H2O2 system in a wet VUV-spraying reactor was developed. The influence of different process variables on NO and SO2 removal was evaluated. Active species (O3 and ·OH) and liquid products (SO32-, NO2-, SO42-, and NO3-) were analyzed. The chemistry and routes of NO and SO2 removal were investigated. The oxidation removal system exhibits excellent simultaneous removal capacity for NO and SO2, and a maximum removal of 96.8% for NO and complete SO2 removal were obtained under optimized conditions. SO2 reaches 100% removal efficiency under most of test conditions. NO removal is obviously affected by several process variables. Increasing VUV power, H2O2 concentration, solution pH, liquid-to-gas ratio, and O2 concentration greatly enhances NO removal. Increasing NO and SO2 concentration obviously reduces NO removal. Temperature has a dual impact on NO removal, which has an optimal temperature of 318 K. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid are the main removal products of NO and SO2. NO removals by oxidation of O3, O·, and ·OH are the primary routes. NO removals by H2O2 oxidation and VUV photolysis are the complementary routes. A potential scaled-up removal process was also proposed initially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxian Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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