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Sousa NFC, Santos MPF, Barbosa RP, Bonomo RCF, Veloso CM, Souza Júnior EC. Pepsin immobilization on activated carbon and functionalized with glutaraldehyde and genipin for the synthesis of antioxidant peptides of goat casein. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114161. [PMID: 38729685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In this article, the synthesis of antioxidant peptides in the enzymatic hydrolysis of caprine casein was analyzed at three different time points (60 min, 90 min, and 120 min) using immobilized pepsin on activated and modified carbon (AC, ACF, ACG 50, ACG 100). The immobilization assays revealed a reduction in the biocatalysts' activity compared to the free enzyme. Among the modified ones, ACG 50 exhibited greater activity and better efficiency for reuse cycles, with superior values after 60 min and 90 min. Peptide synthesis was observed under all studied conditions. Analyses (DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid, FRAP) confirmed the antioxidant potential of the peptides generated by the immobilized enzyme. However, the immobilized enzyme in ACG 50 and ACG 100, combined with longer hydrolysis times, allowed the formation of peptides with an antioxidant capacity greater than or equivalent to those generated by the free enzyme, despite reduced enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbina F C Sousa
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus P F Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Raiza P Barbosa
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Renata C F Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane M Veloso
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Evaldo C Souza Júnior
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, Bahia 45700-000, Brazil.
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2
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Feng T, Shi J, Xia J, Ren X, Adesanya OI, Suo H, Zou B. Lipase in-situ immobilized in covalent organic framework: Enzymatic properties and application in the preparation of 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113873. [PMID: 38552410 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the critical importance of designing an appropriate immobilized carrier and method for free lipase to ensure exceptional biological catalytic activity and stability was emphasized. Covalent organic frameworks (COF-1) were synthesized as a novel porous carrier with an azine structure (-CN-NC-) through the condensation of hydrazine hydrate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde at room temperature. Simultaneously, Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) was immobilized within the COF-1 carrier using an in-situ aqueous phase method. Characterization of the carrier and RML@COF-1 and evaluation of the lipase properties of RML and RML@COF-1 through p-Nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis were conducted. Additionally, application in the synthesis of 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) was explored. The results showed that RML@COF-1 exhibited a high enzymatic loading of 285.4 mg/g. Under 60℃ conditions, the activity of RML@COF-1 was 2.31 times higher than that of free RML, and RML@COF-1 retained 77.25% of its original activity after 10 cycles of repeated use, indicating its excellent thermal stability and repeatability. Under the optimal conditions (10%, 1:8 PPP/OA, 45℃, 5 h), the yield of OPO reached 47.35%, showcasing the promising application prospects of the novel immobilized enzyme synthesized via in-situ aqueous phase synthesis for OPO preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiani Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Hongbo Suo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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3
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Wang H, Tang LX, Ye YF, Ma JX, Li X, Si J, Cui BK. Laccase immobilization and its degradation of emerging pollutants: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120984. [PMID: 38678905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The chronic lack of effective disposal of pollutants has resulted in the detection of a wide variety of EPs in the environment, with concentrations high enough to affect ecological health. Laccase, as a versatile oxidase capable of catalyzing a wide range of substrates and without producing toxic by-products, is a potential candidate for the biodegradation of pollutants. Immobilization can provide favorable protection for free laccase, improve the stability of laccase in complex environments, and greatly enhance the reusability of laccase, which is significant in reducing the cost of industrial applications. This study introduces the properties of laccase and subsequently elaborate on the different support materials for laccase immobilization. The research advances in the degradation of EDs, PPCPs, and PAHs by immobilized laccase are then reviewed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of laccase immobilization, as well as the advantages of various support materials, facilitating the development of more economical and efficient immobilization systems that can be put into practice to achieve the green degradation of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lu-Xin Tang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Ye
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jin-Xin Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Ma JX, Wang H, Jin C, Ye YF, Tang LX, Si J, Song J. Whole genome sequencing and annotation of Daedaleopsis sinensis, a wood-decaying fungus significantly degrading lignocellulose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1325088. [PMID: 38292304 PMCID: PMC10826855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1325088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Daedaleopsis sinensis is a fungus that grows on wood and secretes a series of enzymes to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and cause wood rot decay. Wood-decaying fungi have ecological, economic, edible, and medicinal functions. Furthermore, the use of microorganisms to biodegrade lignocellulose has high application value. Genome sequencing has allowed microorganisms to be analyzed from the aspects of genome characteristics, genome function annotation, metabolic pathways, and comparative genomics. Subsequently, the relevant information regarding lignocellulosic degradation has been mined by bioinformatics. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of D. sinensis for the first time. A 51.67-Mb genome sequence was assembled to 24 contigs, which led to the prediction of 12,153 protein-coding genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database analysis of the D. sinensis data revealed that 3,831 genes are involved in almost 120 metabolic pathways. According to the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme database, 481 enzymes are found in D. sinensis, of which glycoside hydrolases are the most abundant. The genome sequence of D. sinensis provides insights into its lignocellulosic degradation and subsequent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Jin
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ye
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Xin Tang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Horticulture and Food, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
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Harguindeguy M, Pochat-Bohatier C, Sanchez-Marcano J, Belleville MP. Enzymatic degradation of tetracycline by Trametes versicolor laccase in a fluidized bed reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168152. [PMID: 37898205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Laccase from Trametes Versicolor was successfully immobilized on gelatin beads by a crosslinking reaction with glutaraldehyde. Immobilized laccases showed better stability towards pH and temperature than free laccases. Moreover, the immobilized laccases retained a good relative activity of 85 % after 20 days of storage at 4 °C. The degradation of tetracycline (TC) was studied with immobilized enzymes in both batch and fluidized bed reactors (FBR). The average degradation rate (1.59 mg h-1 Uenzymes-1) estimated over 24 h in the FBR was almost 5 times higher than in the stirred tank reactor. Maximum degradation rate achieved was 72 ± 1 % with a circulation flow rate of 80 mL min-1 and addition of air at a flowrate of 15 mL min-1. Study of the stability of the active beads under reaction conditions, shows that 45 % of the TC was degraded after 5 cycles of 24 h each. The toxicity of the TC solution before and after treatment was also investigated with microtox assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Harguindeguy
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Céline Pochat-Bohatier
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - José Sanchez-Marcano
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Belleville
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, CC 047, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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6
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Cruz IDA, Cruz-Magalhães V, Loguercio LL, Dos Santos LBPR, Uetanabaro APT, Costa AMD. A systematic study on the characteristics and applications of laccases produced by fungi: insights on their potential for biotechnologies. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38170449 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Laccases are polyphenol oxidase enzymes and form the enzyme complex known for their role in wood decomposition and lignin degradation. The present study aimed to systematically review the state-of-the-art trends in scientific publications on laccase enzymes of the last 10 years. The main aspects checked included the laccase-producing fungal genera, the conditions of fungal growth and laccase production, the methods of immobilization, and potential applications of laccase. After applying the systematic search method 177 articles were selected to compound the final database. Although various fungi produce laccase, most studies were Trametes and Pleurotus genera. The submerged fermentation (SmF) has been the most used, however, the use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) appeared as a promising technique to produce laccase when using agro-industrial residues as substrates. Studies on laccase immobilization showed the covalent bonding and entrapment methods were the most used, showing greater efficiency of immobilization and a high number of enzyme reuses. The main use of the laccase was in bioremediation, especially in the discoloration of dyes from the textile industry and the degradation of pharmaceutical waste. Implications and consequences of all these findings in biotechnology and environment, as well as the trends and gaps of laccase research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian David Araújo Cruz
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Lopes Loguercio
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Mostaraddi S, Pazhang M, Ebadi-Nahari M, Najavand S. The Relationship Between the Cross-Linker on Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Properties of Immobilized Papain. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1809-1823. [PMID: 36795275 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The immobilized enzymes' properties can be affected by cross-linkers on the surface of supports. To study how cross-linkers alter enzymes function, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) with immobilized papain were prepared using glutaraldehyde and or genipin, and then, the properties of the nanoparticles and the immobilized enzymes were assessed. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed that the CMNPs were prepared and papain molecules were immobilized on CMNPs by glutaraldehyde (CMNP-Glu-Papain) or by genipin (CMNP-Gen-Papain). Also, the results associated with enzymes activity indicated that the immobilization by glutaraldehyde and genipin increased the pH optimum of papain from 7 to 7.5 and 9, respectively. The kinetic results indicated that the immobilization by genipin slightly affects the enzyme affinity to the substrate. The stability results showed that CMNP-Gen-Papain has more thermal stability than CMNP-Glu-Papain and papain immobilization on CMNPs by genipin leads to stabilization of the enzyme in the presence of polar solvents, probably due to the more hydroxyl groups on CMNPs activated by genipin. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a relationship between the types of cross-linker on the surface of supports, and the mechanism of action, kinetic parameters, and the stability of immobilized papain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mostaraddi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ebadi-Nahari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Najavand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Yu H, Lei P, Ma J, Jin J, Ma Y, Fang Y, Zeng G, Zhang K, Jin L, Sun D. The potential of white-rot fungi for algal control: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116738. [PMID: 37495066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As human society and industrialization have progressed, harmful algal blooms have contributed to global ecological pollution which makes the development of a novel and effective algal control strategy imminent. This is because existing physical and chemical methods for dealing with the problem have issues like cost and secondary pollution. Benefiting from their environmentally friendly and biocompatible properties, white-rot fungi (WRF) have been studied to control algal growth. WRF control algae by using algae for carbon or nitrogen, antagonism, and enhancing allelopathies. It can be better applied to practice by immobilization. This paper reviews the mechanism for WRF control of algae growth and its practical application. It demonstrates the limitations of WRF controlling algae growth and aids the further study of biological methods to regulate eutrophic water in algae growth research. In addition, it provides theoretical support for the fungi controlling algae growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Jin
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Guoming Zeng
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Libo Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Science & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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9
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Esparza-Flores EE, Cardoso FD, Siquiera LB, Santagapita PR, Hertz PF, Rodrigues RC. Genipin crosslinked porous chitosan beads as robust supports for β-galactosidase immobilization: Characterization, stability, and bioprocessing potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126234. [PMID: 37567531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to modify the porosity of chitosan beads using Na2CO3 as a porogen agent and to crosslink them with genipin for the immobilization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Immobilization was performed under four different pH conditions (4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0), resulting in biocatalysts named B4, B6, B7, and B9, respectively. The immobilized enzymes were characterized for immobilization parameters and stability, including thermal, pH, storage, and operational stability. The optimal conditions for the support were determined as 50 mM Na2CO3. The biocatalyst exhibited nearly 100 % retention of initial activity after 5 h of incubation at different pH conditions and showed improved thermal stability compared to the free enzyme across all pH conditions. After 50 cycles of lactose hydrolysis, all biocatalysts retained at least 71 % of their initial activity, with B6 retaining nearly 100 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural modifications, particularly in B4, leading to weakened support structure after reuse. Continuous lactose hydrolysis showed increased productivity from 41.3 to 48.1 g L-1 h-1 for B6, with 78.1 % retention of initial capacity. All biocatalysts retained >95 % activity when stored at 4 °C for 20 weeks, highlighting their suitability for enzyme immobilization in continuous and discontinuous bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elí Emanuel Esparza-Flores
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dias Cardoso
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larisa Bertoldo Siquiera
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricio R Santagapita
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica & CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Plinho F Hertz
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Huang K, Liang Z. Acid-resistant enzymes: the acquisition strategies and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6163-6178. [PMID: 37615723 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have promising applications in chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, and other variety products because of their high efficiency, specificity, and environmentally friendly properties. However, due to the complexity of raw materials, pH, temperature, solvents, etc., the application range of enzymes is greatly limited in the industry. Protein engineering and enzyme immobilization are classical strategies to overcome the limitations of industrial applications. Although the pH tendency of enzymes has been extensively researched, the mechanism underlying enzyme acid resistance is unclear, and a less practical strategy for altering the pH propensity of enzymes has been suggested. This review proposes that the optimum pH of enzyme is determined by the pKa values of active center ionizable amino acid residues. Three levels of acquiring acid-resistant enzymes are summarized: mining from extreme environments and enzyme databases, modification with protein engineering and enzyme microenvironment engineering, and de novo synthesis. The industrial applications of acid-resistant enzymes in chemicals, food, and pharmaceuticals are also summarized. KEY POINTS: • The mechanism of enzyme acid resistance is fundamentally determined. • The three aspects of the method for acquiring acid-resistant enzymes are summarized. • Computer-aided strategies and artificial intelligence are used to obtain acid-resistant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Pinheiro BB, Saibi S, Haroune L, Rios NS, Gonçalves LRB, Cabana H. Genipin and glutaraldehyde based laccase two-layers immobilization with improved properties: New biocatalysts with high potential for enzymatic removal of trace organic contaminants. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110261. [PMID: 37269616 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research proposes the preparation of a two-layer laccase biocatalyst using genipin or/and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agents. The multilayer biocatalysts were prepared using different combinations of genipin and glutaraldehyde in the individual preparation of the first and second laccase layers. First, chitosan was treated with genipin or glutaraldehyde, followed by the immobilization of the first laccase layer to form a single-layer biocatalyst. Then, the immobilized laccases were coated once again with genipin or glutaraldehyde, and a new laccase layer was immobilized onto the system, resulting in the final two-layer biocatalyst. Compared to the single-layer biocatalysts, catalytic activity increased 1.7- and 3.4-fold when glutaraldehyde coating was used to prepare the second laccase layer. However, adding a second layer did not always produce more active biocatalysts, since the two-layer biocatalysts prepared with genipin (GenLacGenLac and GluLacGenLac) presented a decrease in activity of 65% and 28%, respectively. However, these two-layer biocatalysts prepared with genipin maintained 100% of their initial activity after 5 cycles of ABTS oxidation. Nevertheless, the two-layer, genipin-coated biocatalyst resulted in a higher removal of trace organic contaminants, since it removed 100% of mefenamic acid and 66% of acetaminophen, compared with the glutaraldehyde-coated biocatalyst, which removed 20% of mefenamic acid, and 18% of acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sabrina Saibi
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Lounès Haroune
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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12
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Xing M, Chen Y, Dai W, He X, Li B, Tian S. Immobilized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase on Fe 3O 4 particles acts as a magnetically recoverable biocatalyst component in patulin bio-detoxification system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130986. [PMID: 36860057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patulin is one of the most important mycotoxins that contaminates fruit-derived products and causes acute or chronic toxicity in humans. In the present study, a novel patulin-degrading enzyme preparation was developed by taking a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and covalently linking it to dopamine/polyethyleneimine co-deposited magnetic Fe3O4 particles. Optimum immobilization provided 63% immobilization efficiency and 62% activity recovery. Moreover, the immobilization protocol substantially improved thermal and storage stabilities, proteolysis resistance, and reusability. Using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as a cofactor, the immobilized enzyme exhibited a detoxification rate of 100% in phosphate-buffered saline and a detoxification rate of more than 80% in apple juice. The immobilized enzyme did not cause adverse effects on juice quality and could be magnetically separated quickly after detoxification to ensure convenient recycling. Moreover, it did not exhibit cytotoxicity against a human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Consequently, the immobilized enzyme as a biocatalyst had the characteristics of high efficiency, stability, safety, and easy separation, establishing the first step in building a bio-detoxification system to control patulin contamination in juice and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wanqin Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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George J, Rajendran DS, Senthil Kumar P, Sonai Anand S, Vinoth Kumar V, Rangasamy G. Efficient decolorization and detoxification of triarylmethane and azo dyes by porous-cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137612. [PMID: 36563730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this preset study, porous-cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase were utilized for the spontaneous decolorization and detoxification of triarylmethane and azo dyes, reactive blue 2 (RB) and malachite green (MG). The specific surface area and pore radius of the porous-CLEAs are 136.3 m2/g and 19.47 Ao, and the higher specific surface indicated greater biocatalytic efficiency, as increased mass transfer and dye interaction with the CLEAs laccase. CLEAs laccase decolorized 500 ppm of MG and RB with 98.12-58.33% efficiency after 120 min, at pH 5.0 and 50°C, without a mediator. Furthermore, the biotransformation of the MG and RB with immobilized laccase was confirmed with the help of UV-visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The reusability potential of CLEAs was assessed in batch mode for 10 cycles of dye decolorization. The decolorization activities for the immobilized laccase were 89% and 12% at the 6th cycle for MG and RB, respectively. This immobilized enzyme could effectively remove dyes from aqueous solution, and demonstrated significant detoxification in experimental plants (Triticum aestivum and Phaseolus mungo) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens). In conclusion, porous CLEAs laccase could be useful as a potential bioremediation tool for the detoxification and decolorization of dyeing wastewater in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenet George
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Srinidhi Sonai Anand
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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14
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Kyomuhimbo HD, Brink HG. Applications and immobilization strategies of the copper-centred laccase enzyme; a review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13156. [PMID: 36747551 PMCID: PMC9898315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase is a multi-copper enzyme widely expressed in fungi, higher plants, and bacteria which facilitates the direct reduction of molecular oxygen to water (without hydrogen peroxide production) accompanied by the oxidation of an electron donor. Laccase has attracted attention in biotechnological applications due to its non-specificity and use of molecular oxygen as secondary substrate. This review discusses different applications of laccase in various sectors of food, paper and pulp, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals, sensors, and fuel cells. Despite the many advantages of laccase, challenges such as high cost due to its non-reusability, instability in harsh environmental conditions, and proteolysis are often encountered in its application. One of the approaches used to minimize these challenges is immobilization. The various methods used to immobilize laccase and the different supports used are further extensively discussed in this review.
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15
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Sutaoney P, Pandya S, Gajarlwar D, Joshi V, Ghosh P. Feasibility and potential of laccase-based enzyme in wastewater treatment through sustainable approach: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86499-86527. [PMID: 35771325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in metropolitan cities and rise in industrialization have resulted in the assimilation of hazardous pollutants into the ecosystems. Different physical, chemical and biological techniques have been employed to remove these toxins from water bodies. Several bioprocess applications using microbes and their enzymes are utilized to achieve the goal. Biocatalysts, such as laccases, are employed explicitly to deplete a variety of organic pollutants. However, the degradation of contaminants using biocatalysts has many disadvantages concerning the stability and activity of the enzyme. Hence, they are immobilized on different supports to improve the enzyme kinetics and recyclability. Furthermore, standard wastewater treatment methods are not effective in eliminating all the contaminants. As a result, membrane separation technologies have emerged to overcome the limitations of traditional wastewater treatment methods. Moreover, enzymes immobilized onto these membranes have generated new avenues in wastewater purification technology. This review provides the latest information on laccases from diverse sources, their molecular framework and their mode of action. This report also gives information about various immobilization techniques and the application of membrane bioreactors to eliminate and biotransform hazardous contaminants. In a nutshell, laccases appear to be the most promising biocatalysts for green and cost-efficient wastewater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Srishti Pandya
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Devashri Gajarlwar
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Veenu Joshi
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Bhardwaj P, Kaur N, Selvaraj M, Ghramh HA, Al-Shehri BM, Singh G, Arya SK, Bhatt K, Ghotekar S, Mani R, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Awasthi MK. Laccase-assisted degradation of emerging recalcitrant compounds - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128031. [PMID: 36167178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to provide up to date, brief, irrefutable, organized data on the conducted experiments on a range of emerging recalcitrant compounds such as Diclofenac (DCF), Chlorophenols (CPs), tetracycline (TCs), Triclosan (TCS), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Carbamazepine (CBZ). These compounds were selected from the categories of pharmaceutical contaminants (PCs), endocrine disruptors (EDs) and personal care products (PCPs) on the basis of their toxicity and concentration retained in the environment. In this context, detailed mechanism of laccase mediated degradation has been conversed that laccase assisted degradation occurs by one electron oxidation involving redox potential as underlying element of the process. Further, converging towards biotechnology, laccase immobilization increased removal efficiency, storage and reusability through various experimentally conducted studies. Laccase is being considered noteworthy as mediators facilitate laccase in oxidation of non-phenolic compounds and thereby increasing its substrate range which is being discussed in further in the review. The laccase assisted degradation mechanism of each compound has been elucidated but further studies to undercover proper degradation mechanisms needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhardwaj
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naviljyot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria M Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa 396 230, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India
| | - Ravi Mani
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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17
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Novel Magnetic Polymeric Filters with Laccase-Based Nanoparticles for Improving Congo Red Decolorization in Bioreactors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122328. [PMID: 35745904 PMCID: PMC9229661 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, five different magnetic biofilters, containing magnetic nanoparticles (142 nm), immobilized laccase on nanoparticles (190 nm) and permanent magnetic elements, such as neodymium magnets and metallic meshes, were designed, manufactured and tested. The five types of filters were compared by measuring the decolorization of Congo Red dye inside bioreactors, the half-life of the filters and the amount of magnetic nanoparticle and enzyme lost during multiple cycles of operation. Filters containing laccase immobilized on magnetite (Laccase-magnetite), permanent magnets and metallic mesh presented the highest Congo Red decolorization (27%) and the largest half-life among all types of filters (seven cycles). The overall dye decolorization efficiencies were 5%, 13%, 17%, 23%, and 27% for the paper filter, paper filter with magnetite, paper filter with Laccase-magnetite, paper filter with Laccase-magnetite with magnets and paper filter with Laccase-magnetite with magnets and metallic mesh, respectively. Although the highest losses of magnetite occurred when using the filters containing magnets (57 mg), the use of permanent magnetic elements in the filters increased the half-life of the filter three-fold compared to the filters without enzymatic properties and two-fold compared to the filters with Laccase-magnetite. Results indicate that the novel use of permanent magnetic elements improved the nanoparticle retention in the filters and promoted the mass transfer between the dye and the biocatalyst to enhance wastewater treatment.
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18
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Khalid N, Kalsoom U, Ahsan Z, Bilal M. Non-magnetic and magnetically responsive support materials immobilized peroxidases for biocatalytic degradation of emerging dye pollutants-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:387-401. [PMID: 35278508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the removal of hazardous pollutants from many industries has become a significant challenge for mankind as a growing number of contaminants, including a wide range of organic pollutants, synthetic dyes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have inevitably led to an increased anthropogenic impact on the biosphere. Due to the complex aromatic structure, most synthetic dyes show resistance to degrade by the classical approaches, such as coagulation, flotation, adsorption, membrane process, and reverse osmosis. Enzyme-assisted biodegradation of pollutants offers an eco-friendlier and cost-effective alternative to remediate dyes, dyes-based effluents, other toxins, etc. Various plant and microbial oxidoreductase (Horseradish and manganese peroxidase) have recently received more attention for degrading and detoxifying a wide range of dyes either by opening the aromatic ring structure or by precipitation due to their high activity under milder conditions, high substrate specificity, and biodegradable nature. To enhance the efficiency, stability and recyclability, enzymes were immobilized on various support media such as sodium alginate, agarose, chitin/chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, macroporous exchange resins, hydrophobic sol-gels, and nanoporous silica gel, including magnetically separatable media. Among various types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, such as hematite, magnetite, and maghemite, have gained great attention due to their properties like small size, superparamagnetism, high surface area to volume ratio, and ease of separation for repeated cycles of uses. These carriers can be separated easily and rapidly from the reaction medium by an external magnetic field without being subjected to mechanical stress than centrifugation or filtration. Various methods have been employed for immobilizing oxidoreductase on different media, such as adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and encapsulation using different cross-linking agents. Compared to the free enzyme, insolubilized enzymes reduce production costs by enzyme reusability, tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions, and high catalytic stability. Here, we review various immobilization methods and biocatalytic degradation of emerging dye pollutants, focusing on various non-magnetically and magnetically responsive supports to immobilize peroxidases. Conclusively, magnetically separatable peroxidases show more stability towards extreme temperature and pH conditions and can be used for repeated cycles than free and non-magnetically separatable peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasira Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
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Zofair SFF, Ahmad S, Hashmi MA, Khan SH, Khan MA, Younus H. Catalytic roles, immobilization and management of recalcitrant environmental pollutants by laccases: Significance in sustainable green chemistry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114676. [PMID: 35151142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We are facing a high risk of exposure to emerging contaminants and increasing environmental pollution with the concomitant growth of industries. Persistence of these pollutants is a major concern to the ecosystem. Laccases, also known as "green catalysts" are multi-copper oxidases which offers an eco-friendly solution for the degradation of these hazardous pollutants to less or non-toxic compounds. Although various other biological methods exist for the treatment of pollutants, the fact that laccases catalyze the oxidation of broad range of substrates in the presence of molecular oxygen without any additional cofactor and releases water as the by-product makes them exceptional. They have a good possibility of utilization in various industries, especially for the purpose of bioremediation. Besides this, they have also been used in medical/health care, food industry, bio-bleaching, wine stabilization, organic synthesis and biosensors. This review covers the catalytic behaviour of laccases, their immobilization strategies, potential applications in bioremediation of recalcitrant environmental pollutants and their engineering. It provides a comprehensive summary of most factors to consider while working with laccases in an industrial setting. It compares the benefits and drawbacks of the current techniques. Immobilization and mediators, two of the most significant aspects in working with laccases, have been meticulously discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Fauzia Farheen Zofair
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sumbul Ahmad
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shaheer Hasan Khan
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Younus
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Lassouane F, Aït-Amar H, Rodriguez-Couto S. High BPA removal by immobilized crude laccase in a batch fluidized bed bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Wang Z, Ren D, Yu H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chen W. Preparation optimization and stability comparison study of alkali-modified biochar immobilized laccase under multi-immobilization methods. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Jiang S, Ren D, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chen W. Improved stability and promoted activity of laccase by One-Pot encapsulation with Cu (PABA) nanoarchitectonics and its application for removal of Azo dyes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113366. [PMID: 35272195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of laccase helps protect the laccase and realizes repeated use. However, excessive encapsulation protection will also limit the release of laccase activity. This work introduces an effective one-pot method encapsulating laccase in the porous material of metal organic framework (MOF) containing specific metal ions, which provided a new way to solve the problem of limited laccase activity. The immobilization process was mathematically modeled. The morphological and encapsulated properties of the prepared materials were confirmed by the characterization results of SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, XPS and CLSM. The results showed that laccase was successfully encapsulated, and the Cu (PABA) with Cu2+ as the central structure promoted the laccase activity, the activity of immobilized laccase increased by 1.7 times. The prepared laccase@Cu (PABA) (Lac@Cu (PABA)) showed enhanced stability to extreme pH, high temperature and storage time. More importantly, the Lac@Cu (PABA) exhibited superior reusability, maintaining 70% removal rate of Direct Red 31 (DR31) even after 10 cycles. The dye removal rate of immobilized laccase reached 92% in 6 h under optimal conditions. This research improved the stability of laccase while releasing the activity of laccase, which not only broadened the applicable environment of laccase, but also increased the rate of degradation, and provided a new idea for the clean and efficient treatment of water pollution in textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Dajun Ren
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China.
| | - Zhaobo Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Wangsheng Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
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23
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Bryś M, Urbańska K, Olas B. Novel Findings regarding the Bioactivity of the Natural Blue Pigment Genipin in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:902. [PMID: 35055094 PMCID: PMC8776187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is an important monoterpene iridoid compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis fruits and from Genipa americana fruits, or genipap. It is a precursor of a blue pigment which may be attractive alternative to existing food dyes and it possesses various potential therapeutic properties such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activity. Biomedical studies also show that genipin may act as a neuroprotective drug. This review describes new aspects of the bioactivity of genipin against various diseases, as well as its toxicity and industrial applications, and presents its potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Hürmüzlü R, Okur M, Saraçoğlu N. Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on chitosan/halloysite as a biocatalyst in the Remazol Red RR dye. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:331-341. [PMID: 34627846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the laccase obtained from Trametes versicolor was immobilized onto the chitosan(CTS)/halloysite (HNT) beads. In the immobilization step, the effects of chitosan (1-3% w/v), halloysite (0-2% w/v), glutaraldehyde (0.5-1.5% v/v) and enzyme concentrations (1-3%) on loading and immobilization efficiency were investigated. SEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA and XPS analyses were performed to examine the structure of beads. In addition, the effects of parameters such as pH (4-10), temperature (25-55 °C), storage life on the activity of free and immobilized laccase were also investigated. The activities of free and immobilized laccase preserved 23% and 56% of its initial activity at the end of 59 days of storage. The effects of mediators such as 2.2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HBT), 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and violuric acid (VLA) on the dye removal efficiency were investigated. Reusability of the CTS/HNT/Lac in the presence of HBT and VLA mediators, which enable the highest dye removal, was tested. After 15 cycles, 42% and 54% dye removal were achieved with the CTS/HNT/Lac in the medium containing HBT and VLA, and 42% and 49% of the activity is preserved, respectively. This study showed that CTS/HNT/Lac can be used repeatedly for Remazol Red RR dye removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya Hürmüzlü
- Gazi University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 06570 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mujgan Okur
- Gazi University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 06570 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nurdan Saraçoğlu
- Gazi University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 06570 Ankara, Turkey.
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de Albuquerque TL, de Sousa M, Gomes E Silva NC, Girão Neto CAC, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha MVP. β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Characterization, production, immobilization and applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:881-898. [PMID: 34571129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A review on the enzyme β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis is presented, from the perspective of its structure and mechanisms of action, the main catalyzed reactions, the key factors influencing its activity, and selectivity, as well as the main techniques used for improving the biocatalyst functionality. Particular attention was given to the discussion of hydrolysis, transglycosylation, and galactosylation reactions, which are commonly mediated by this enzyme. In addition, the products generated from these processes were highlighted. Finally, biocatalyst improvement techniques are also discussed, such as enzyme immobilization and protein engineering. On these topics, the most recent immobilization strategies are presented, emphasizing processes that not only allow the recovery of the biocatalyst but also deliver enzymes that show better resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, and inhibitors. In addition, genetic engineering techniques to improve the catalytic properties of the β-galactosidases were reported. This review gathers information to allow the development of biocatalysts based on the β-galactosidase enzyme from K. lactis, aiming to improve existing bioprocesses or develop new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marylane de Sousa
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica - CSIC, Campus of excellence UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Ranimol G, Paul C, Sunkar S. Optimization and efficacy studies of Laccase immobilized on Zein-Polyvinyl pyrrolidone nano fibrous membrane in decolorization of Acid Red 1. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2703-2717. [PMID: 34850688 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are widely used in textile industries. A significant portion of these recalcitrant dyes are being discharged to the natural waters. Due to their low biodegradability they pose serious pollution problems if untreated. In this work, decolourization studies of Acid Red 1 (AR1) by laccase enzyme immobilized onto zein-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofiber is done. The nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. pH and temperature profiles of immobilized enzyme were found to be broader than its free counterpart. The Km value was found to be 0.243 mM for free laccase and 0.958 mM for immobilized laccase. Similarly, Vmax for the free enzyme was 3.572 U/mg compared to 2.48 U/mg of immobilized laccase. The relative activity of immobilized laccase was 64.91% after storage for 30 days at room temperature while it was 28.64% for free laccase. The temperature and pH for AR 1 decolorization were optimized and was found to be 60 °C and 5, respectively. Also, decolorization percentage was found to be 91.67% for immobilized laccase and 72.03% of free laccase in the presence of natural mediators like vanillin. From phytotoxicity studies it was found that the germination rate, shoot and root length was increased compared to untreated dye. Therefore, zein-PVP nanofiber immobilized laccase could be an ideal candidate for the textile dye decolorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ranimol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center of Molecular Datascience and Systems Biology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, OMR, Sholinganallur, Chennai 600119, India E-mail: ; Department of Biotechnology, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kodakara, Kerala 680684, India
| | - Chinju Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kodakara, Kerala 680684, India
| | - Swetha Sunkar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center of Molecular Datascience and Systems Biology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, OMR, Sholinganallur, Chennai 600119, India E-mail:
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Immobilization of Fusarium solani Cutinase onto Magnetic Genipin-Crosslinked Chitosan Beads. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin was used as a crosslinking agent to prepare magnetic genipin-crosslinked chitosan beads, which were then used as a carrier for immobilizing recombinant cutinase from Fusarium solani (FSC) to obtain immobilized FSC. The optimal temperature for the immobilized FSC was 55 °C, which was 5 °C higher than that of the free enzyme, whereas its optimal pH was increased from 8.0 to 9.0; this indicates that the immobilized FSC had improved pH and thermal stability. After repeated use for 10 cycles, the activity of the immobilized FSC remained at more than 50%; after being stored at 4 °C for 30 days, its activity was still approximately 88%. We also found that the Km of the immobilized FSC was higher than that of the free enzyme. These results indicate that the performance of FSC was improved after immobilization, which is an important basis for the subsequent application of FSC in industrial production.
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Yang F, Backov R, Blin JL, Fáklya B, Tron T, Mekmouche Y. Site directed confinement of laccases in a porous scaffold towards robustness and selectivity. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 31:e00645. [PMID: 34189063 PMCID: PMC8219655 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We immobilized a fungal laccase with only two spatially close lysines available for functionalization into macrocellular Si(HIPE) monoliths for the purpose of continuous flow catalysis. Immobilization (30-45 % protein immobilization yields) was obtained using a covalent bond forming reaction between the enzyme and low glutaraldehyde (0.625 % (w/w)) functionalized foams. Testing primarily HBT-mediated RB5 dye decolorization in continuous flow reactors, we show that the activity of the heterogeneous catalyst is comparable to its homogeneous counterpart. More, its operational activity remains as high as 60 % after twelve consecutive decolorization cycles as well as after one-year storage, performances remarkable for such a material. We further immobilized two variants of the laccase containing a unique lysine: one located in the vicinity of the substrate oxidation site (K157) and one at the opposite side of this oxidation site (K71) to study the effect of the proximity of the Si(HIPE) surface on enzyme activity. Comparing activities on different substrates for monoliths with differentially oriented catalysts, we show a twofold discrimination for ABTS relative to ascorbate. This study provides ground for the development of neo-functionalized materials that beyond allowing stability and reusability will become synergic partners in the catalytic process.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
- APTES, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
- Asc, ascorbic acid
- BET, Brunauer, Emmett et Teller
- DPBS, Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline, pH 7.0
- Enz., enzyme
- HBT, N-Hydroxy benzotriazole
- HIPE, High Internal Phase Emulsion
- Heterogeneous catalysis
- Laccase
- Orientation
- RB5, Reactive black 5
- RBBR, Remazol Brilliant Blue B
- S.A., specific activity
- Site-directed immobilization
- TEOS, Tetraethyl-orthosilane
- TNC, TriNuclear Cluster
- TTAB, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Rénal Backov
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Albert Schweitzer, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Luc Blin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Bernadett Fáklya
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Tron
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmina Mekmouche
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
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Poly(vinyl Alcohol)-Alginate Immobilized Trametes versicolor IBL-04 Laccase as Eco-friendly Biocatalyst for Dyes Degradation. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Kamli MR, Tavano O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of papain: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:94-113. [PMID: 34375660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Papain is a cysteine protease from papaya, with many applications due to its broad specificity. This paper reviews for first time the immobilization of papain on different supports (organic, inorganic or hybrid supports) presenting some of the features of the utilized immobilization strategies (e.g., epoxide, glutaraldehyde, genipin, glyoxyl for covalent immobilization). Special focus is placed on the preparation of magnetic biocatalysts, which will permit the simple recovery of the biocatalyst even if the medium is a suspension. Problems specific to the immobilization of proteases (e.g., steric problems when hydrolyzing large proteins) are also defined. The benefits of a proper immobilization (enzyme stabilization, widening of the operation window) are discussed, together with some artifacts that may suggest an enzyme stabilization that may be unrelated to enzyme rigidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External advisory board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Zhuo R, Fan F. A comprehensive insight into the application of white rot fungi and their lignocellulolytic enzymes in the removal of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146132. [PMID: 33714829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems resultant from organic pollutants are a major current challenge for modern societies. White rot fungi (WRF) are well known for their extensive organic compound degradation abilities. The unique oxidative and extracellular ligninolytic systems of WRF that exhibit low substrate specificity, enable them to display a considerable ability to transform or degrade different environmental contaminants. In recent decades, WRF and their ligninolytic enzymes have been widely applied in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), pesticides, synthetic dyes, and other environmental pollutants, wherein promising results have been achieved. This review focuses on advances in WRF-based bioremediation of organic pollutants over the last 10 years. We comprehensively document the application of WRF and their lignocellulolytic enzymes for removing organic pollutants. Moreover, potential problems and intriguing observations that are worthy of additional research attention are highlighted. Lastly, we discuss trends in WRF-remediation system development and avenues that should be considered to advance research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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33
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Ding SS, Zhu JP, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhao Z. Recent progress in magnetic nanoparticles and mesoporous materials for enzyme immobilization: an update. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e244496. [PMID: 34190805 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes immobilized onto substrates with excellent selectivity and activity show a high stability and can withstand extreme experimental conditions, and their performance has been shown to be retained after repeated uses. Applications of immobilized enzymes in various fields benefit from their unique characteristics. Common methods, including adsorption, encapsulation, covalent attachment and crosslinking, and other emerging approaches (e.g., MOFs) of enzyme immobilization have been developed mostly in recent years. In accordance with these immobilization methods, the present review elaborates the application of magnetic separable nanoparticles and functionalized SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous materials used in the immobilization of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Ding
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Grain Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - J-P Zhu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Grain Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Y Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Grain Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Y Yu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Grain Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Z Zhao
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Grain Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
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Shokri Z, Seidi F, Karami S, Li C, Saeb MR, Xiao H. Laccase immobilization onto natural polysaccharides for biosensing and biodegradation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Magnetic Metal Organic Framework Immobilized Laccase for Wastewater Decolorization. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The laccase enzyme was successfully immobilized over a magnetic amino-functionalized metal–organic framework Fe3O4-NH2@MIL-101(Cr). Different techniques were used for the characterization of the synthesized materials. The Fe3O4-NH2@MIL-101(Cr) laccase showed excellent resistance to high temperatures and low pH levels with a high immobilization capacity and large activity recovery, due to the combination of covalent binding and adsorption advantages. The long-term storage of immobilized laccase for 28 days indicated a retention of 88% of its initial activity, due to the high stability of the immobilized system. Furthermore, a residual activity of 49% was observed at 85 °C. The immobilized laccase was effectively used for the biodegradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB) and Alizarin Red S (AR) dyes in water. The factors affecting the RB and AR degradation using the immobilized laccase (dye concentration, temperature and pH) were investigated to determine the optimum treatment conditions. The optimum conditions for dye removal were a 5 mg/L dye concentration, temperature of 25 °C, and a pH of 4. At the optimum conditions, the biodegradation and sorption-synergistic mechanism of the Fe3O4-NH2@MIL-101(Cr) laccase system caused the total removal of AR and 81% of the RB. Interestingly, the reusability study of this immobilized enzyme up to five cycles indicated the ability to reuse it several times for water treatment.
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36
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Nunes YL, de Menezes FL, de Sousa IG, Cavalcante ALG, Cavalcante FTT, da Silva Moreira K, de Oliveira ALB, Mota GF, da Silva Souza JE, de Aguiar Falcão IR, Rocha TG, Valério RBR, Fechine PBA, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Chemical and physical Chitosan modification for designing enzymatic industrial biocatalysts: How to choose the best strategy? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1124-1170. [PMID: 33864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymer worldwide, and due to its inherent characteristics, its use in industrial processes has been extensively explored. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, cheap, and has good physical-chemical stability, it is seen as an excellent alternative for the replacement of synthetic materials in the search for more sustainable production methodologies. Thus being, a possible biotechnological application of Chitosan is as a direct support for enzyme immobilization. However, its applicability is quite specific, and to overcome this issue, alternative pretreatments are required, such as chemical and physical modifications to its structure, enabling its use in a wider array of applications. This review aims to present the topic in detail, by exploring and discussing methods of employment of Chitosan in enzymatic immobilization processes with various enzymes, presenting its advantages and disadvantages, as well as listing possible chemical modifications and combinations with other compounds for formulating an ideal support for this purpose. First, we will present Chitosan emphasizing its characteristics that allow its use as enzyme support. Furthermore, we will discuss possible physicochemical modifications that can be made to Chitosan, mentioning the improvements obtained in each process. These discussions will enable a comprehensive comparison between, and an informed choice of, the best technologies concerning enzyme immobilization and the application conditions of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lima de Menezes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isamayra Germano de Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Katerine da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Ferreira Mota
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falcão
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Thales Guimaraes Rocha
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil.
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Baidamshina DR, Koroleva VA, Olshannikova SS, Trizna EY, Bogachev MI, Artyukhov VG, Holyavka MG, Kayumov AR. Biochemical Properties and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Chitosan-Immobilized Papain. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040197. [PMID: 33807362 PMCID: PMC8066807 DOI: 10.3390/md19040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, the product of chitin deacetylation, is an excellent candidate for enzyme immobilization purposes. Here we demonstrate that papain, an endolytic cysteine protease (EC: 3.4.22.2) from Carica papaya latex immobilized on the matrixes of medium molecular (200 kDa) and high molecular (350 kDa) weight chitosans exhibits anti-biofilm activity and increases the antimicrobials efficiency against biofilm-embedded bacteria. Immobilization in glycine buffer (pH 9.0) allowed adsorption up to 30% of the total protein (mg g chitosan−1) and specific activity (U mg protein−1), leading to the preservation of more than 90% of the initial total activity (U mL−1). While optimal pH and temperature of the immobilized papain did not change, the immobilized enzyme exhibited elevated thermal stability and 6–7-fold longer half-life time in comparison with the soluble papain. While one-half of the total enzyme dissociates from both carriers in 24 h, this property could be used for wound-dressing materials design with dosed release of the enzyme to overcome the relatively high cytotoxicity of soluble papain. Our results indicate that both soluble and immobilized papain efficiently destroy biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. As a consequence, papain, both soluble and immobilized on medium molecular weight chitosan, is capable of potentiating the efficacy of antimicrobials against biofilm-embedded Staphylococci. Thus, papain immobilized on medium molecular weight chitosan appears a presumably beneficial agent for outer wound treatment for biofilms destruction, increasing antimicrobial treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Baidamshina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.)
| | - Victoria A. Koroleva
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (V.A.K.); (S.S.O.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Svetlana S. Olshannikova
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (V.A.K.); (S.S.O.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Elena Yu. Trizna
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.)
| | - Mikhail I. Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| | - Valeriy G. Artyukhov
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (V.A.K.); (S.S.O.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Marina G. Holyavka
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (V.A.K.); (S.S.O.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.)
- Interdepartment Research Laboratory, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan 420029, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(904)-665-19-08
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Sun H, Wei Y, Kong XZ, Jiang X. Preparation of uniform polyurea microspheres at high yield by precipitation polymerization and their use for laccase immobilization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Khan N, Husain Q, Qayyum N. Enhanced dye decolorization efficiency of gellan gum complexed Ziziphus mauritiana peroxidases in a stirred batch process. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2000-2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Priya, Kaith BS, Shanker U, Gupta B. Synergic effect of Guggul gum based hydrogel nanocomposite: An approach towards adsorption-photocatalysis of Magenta-O. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:457-469. [PMID: 32526305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The article is related to sunlight and UV-visible mineralization of harmful magenta-O (FB) dye. The nanocomposite used is a cross linked network of acrylic acid synthesized inside poly(acrylamide) grafted Guggul gum in the presence of UV-visible respondent bismuth ferrite nanoparticles. The synthesis of poly(acrylamide) grafted Guggul gum (Sample I) and synthesizing a crosslinked network inside it (Sample II) involved a two-step synthesis for optimizing various reaction parameters. The maximum % water uptake obtained for polymeric samples I and II was calculated as 1227.78% and 387.97%, respectively. Average particle size of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles was 47.34 nm. The nanocomposite could maximum uptake-mineralize FB dye as 97.3% and 98.8% under sunlight and photochemical reactor, respectively for 500 mg nanocomposite dose in 10 mg/L concentrated FB solution. Dye uptake occurs through ionic interactions. However, mineralization is a consequence of advanced oxidation process involving free radical species (OH and O2-.). The overall process of uptake-mineralization resembled second order kinetics and Langmuir theorem (monolayer adsorption). Intraparticle diffusion model gave an idea about the multistep (three steps) process of adsorption. Physico-chemical properties of FB dye got changed after mineralization except for the pH. The maximum uptake-mineralization was observed to be 76.2% after consecutive reuse of the nanocomposite hydrogel for five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India.
| | - Balbir Singh Kaith
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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Morsy SAGZ, Ahmad Tajudin A, Ali MSM, Shariff FM. Current Development in Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes by Immobilized Laccases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572309. [PMID: 33101245 PMCID: PMC7554347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The world today is in a quest for new means of environmental remediation as the methods currently used are not sufficient to halt the damage. Mostly, a global direction is headed toward a shift from traditional chemical-based methods to a more ecofriendly alternative. In this context, biocatalysis is seen as a cost-effective, energy saving, and clean alternative. It is meant to catalyze degradation of recalcitrant chemicals in an easy, rapid, green, and sustainable manner. One already established application of biocatalysis is the removal of dyes from natural water bodies using enzymes, notably oxidoreductases like laccases, due to their wide range of substrate specificity. In order to boost their catalytic activity, various methods of enhancements have been pursued including immobilization of the enzyme on different support materials. Aside from increased catalysis, immobilized laccases have the advantages of higher stability, better durability against harsh environment conditions, longer half-lives, resistance against protease enzymes, and the ability to be recovered for reuse. This review briefly outlines the current methods used for detoxification and decolorization of dye effluents stressing on the importance of laccases as a revolutionary biocatalytic solution to this environmental problem. This work highlights the significance of laccase immobilization and also points out some of the challenges and opportunities of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Ahmed Gamal Zakaria Morsy
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asilah Ahmad Tajudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tavares L, Esparza Flores EE, Rodrigues RC, Hertz PF, Noreña CPZ. Effect of deacetylation degree of chitosan on rheological properties and physical chemical characteristics of genipin-crosslinked chitosan beads. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Harguindeguy M, Antonelli C, Belleville M, Sanchez‐Marcano J, Pochat‐Bohatier C. Gelatin supports with immobilized laccase as sustainable biocatalysts for water treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Harguindeguy
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Claire Antonelli
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Marie‐Pierre Belleville
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - José Sanchez‐Marcano
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Céline Pochat‐Bohatier
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
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Gianolini JE, Britos CN, Mulreedy CB, Trelles JA. Hyperstabilization of a thermophile bacterial laccase and its application for industrial dyes degradation. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:288. [PMID: 32550107 PMCID: PMC7270286 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel extracellular laccase isolated from Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 10149 was entrapped in a bionanocomposite matrix consisting of copper alginate (Cu-alginate) supplemented with the nanoclay bentonite. After optimization, this nanobiocatalyst was able to degrade up to 90% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) without the addition of redox mediators and retained 70% of its initial activity for at least 1440 h, equivalent to more than 288 uses. The incorporation of nanoclay allowed alginate beads to be used in alkaline pH and strengthened its mechanical properties. Besides, this thermophilic laccase was able to decolorize other structurally different synthetic dyes such as Methyl Orange, Malachite Green and Indigo Carmine. These preliminary results suggested that the nanobiocatalyst could be a suitable option for dye decolorization and be further developed for large scale bioremediation of toxic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián E. Gianolini
- Laboratory of Sustainable Biotechnology (LIBioS), National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Claudia N. Britos
- Laboratory of Sustainable Biotechnology (LIBioS), National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Carlos B. Mulreedy
- Laboratory of Sustainable Biotechnology (LIBioS), National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Jorge A. Trelles
- Laboratory of Sustainable Biotechnology (LIBioS), National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, phenol oxidases, particularly laccases and tyrosinases, have been extensively used for the removal of numerous pollutants in wastewaters due to their broad substrate specificity and their ability to use readily accessible molecular oxygen as the essential cofactor. As for other enzymes, immobilisation of laccases and tyrosinases has been shown to improve the performance and efficiency of the biocatalysts in solution. Several reviews have addressed the enzyme immobilisation techniques and the application of phenol oxidases to decontaminate wastewaters. This paper offers an overview of the recent publications, mainly from 2012 onwards, on the various immobilisation techniques applied to laccases and tyrosinases to induce and/or increase the performance of the biocatalysts. In this paper, the emphasis is on the efficiencies achieved, in terms of structural modifications, stability and resistance to extreme conditions (pH, temperature, inhibitors, etc.), reactivity, reusability, and broad substrate specificity, particularly for application in bioremediation processes. The advantages and disadvantages of several enzyme immobilisation techniques are also discussed. The relevance and effectiveness of the immobilisation techniques with respect to wastewater decontamination are critically assessed. A perspective on the future directions for large-scale application of the phenol oxidases in immobilised forms is provided.
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Xu P, Du H, Peng X, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Fei J, Meng Y, Yuan L. Degradation of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by laccase in reverse micelle system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134970. [PMID: 31740057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oily sludge has become the focus of attention. UV spectrophotometer analysis showed that four types of PAHs were found in sample, which including phenanthrene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(b)fluoranthene. In order to degrade PAH effectively, the laccase reverse micelles system was proposed. The system protects laccase from being affected by organic phase. Reverse micelles were prepared by using isooctane to simulate oil. The optimum water content W0 was 10 by measuring the electrical conductivity of the system. Under this condition, the effects of pH, temperature and ionic strength on the degradation rate of PAHs were investigated. Also, compared with that of non-immobilized laccase, the ratio between the secondary structures of laccase under different conditions was studied. The results showed that the highest laccase activity was obtained at pH 4.2 and 30 °C with 60 mmol/L KCl. Meanwhile, the structure of α-helix accounts for the largest proportion, and the ratio of α-helix in the laccase secondary structure in the laccase-reverse micelle system was higher than that of the non-immobilized one under this condition. Finally, predicting the reactive site of the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was simulated by ORCA (Version 4.2.0). The application in oily sludge was further conducted. This study provides an effective method and basis for the degradation of PAHs in oily sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hao Du
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xin Peng
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yu Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jia Fei
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yong Meng
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Covalent immobilization of thioglucosidase from radish seeds for continuous preparation of sulforaphene. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zhang H, Hay AG. Magnetic biochar derived from biosolids via hydrothermal carbonization: Enzyme immobilization, immobilized-enzyme kinetics, environmental toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121272. [PMID: 31581014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic and nonmagnetic biochar (MBC & BC) were produced from biosolids under hydrothermal conditions and characterized in order to understand surface chemistry impacts on enzyme immobilization and activity. Peak surface pore size of MBC was 180 nm and that of BC was 17 nm. Despite similar surface area (≈ 49 m2/g) MBC immobilized more laccase (99 mg/g) than biochar (31 mg/g). For horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the two biochars had similar immobilization capacity (≈ 65 mg/g). Laccase and HRP on MBC had 47.1 and 18.0% higher specific activity than on BC, respectively. The matrix activity of MBC-laccase (33.3 U/mg support) was 3.7-fold higher than BC-laccase (8.8 U/mg support) and higher than the same amount of free laccase (30.2 U) at pH 3.0 (P < 0.05). Although MBC had its own peroxide oxidation activity (104.1 and 165.9 U/mg biochar at pHs 5&6) this only accounted for 16.7 and 20.4% of the total MBC-H RP activity respectively. After 10 wash cycles, MBC still retained 79.3% and 60.3% of laccase and HRP activity, respectively. Additionally, MBC had lower acute toxicity, suggesting that it is relative benign from an environmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anthony G Hay
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Osorio-González CS, Chaali M, Hegde K, Brar SK, Kermanshahipour A, Avalos-Ramírez A. Production and Processing of the Enzymes from Lignocellulosic Biomass. VALORIZATION OF BIOMASS TO VALUE-ADDED COMMODITIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38032-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Genipin as An Emergent Tool in the Design of Biocatalysts: Mechanism of Reaction and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is a reagent isolated from the Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract, and whose low toxicity and good crosslinking properties have converted it into a reactive whose popularity is increasing by the day. These properties have made it widely used in many medical applications, mainly in the production of chitosan materials (crosslinked by this reactive), biological scaffolds for tissue engineering, and nanoparticles of chitosan and nanogels of proteins for controlled drug delivery, the genipin crosslinking being a key point to strengthen the stability of these materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of reaction of this reagent and its use in the design of biocatalysts, where genipin plays a double role, as a support activating agent and as inter- or intramolecular crosslinker. Its low toxicity makes this compound an ideal alterative to glutaraldehyde in these processes. Moreover, in some cases the features of the biocatalysts prepared using genipin surpassed those of the biocatalysts prepared using other standard crosslinkers, even disregarding toxicity. In this way, genipin is a very promising reagent in the design of biocatalysts.
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