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Xu X, Yu T, Dong L, Glauben R, Wu S, Huang R, Qumu S, Chang C, Guo J, Pan L, Yang T, Lin X, Huang K, Chen Z, Wang C. Eosinophils promote pulmonary matrix destruction and emphysema via Cathepsin L. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:390. [PMID: 37816708 PMCID: PMC10564720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who exhibit elevated blood eosinophil levels often experience worsened lung function and more severe emphysema. This implies the potential involvement of eosinophils in the development of emphysema. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of eosinophil-mediated emphysema remain unclear. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to identify eosinophil subgroups in mouse models of asthma and emphysema, followed by functional analyses of these subgroups. Assessment of accumulated eosinophils unveiled distinct transcriptomes in the lungs of mice with elastase-induced emphysema and ovalbumin-induced asthma. Depletion of eosinophils through the use of anti-interleukin-5 antibodies ameliorated elastase-induced emphysema. A particularly noteworthy discovery is that eosinophil-derived cathepsin L contributed to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, thereby leading to emphysema in pulmonary tissue. Inhibition of cathepsin L resulted in a reduction of elastase-induced emphysema in a mouse model. Importantly, eosinophil levels correlated positively with serum cathepsin L levels, which were higher in emphysema patients than those without emphysema. Expression of cathepsin L in eosinophils demonstrated a direct association with lung emphysema in COPD patients. Collectively, these findings underscore the significant role of eosinophil-derived cathepsin L in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling, and its relevance to emphysema in COPD patients. Consequently, targeting eosinophil-derived cathepsin L could potentially offer a therapeutic avenue for emphysema patients. Further investigations are warranted to explore therapeutic strategies targeting cathepsin L in emphysema patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Qumu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chenli Chang
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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2
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Vianello A, Guarnieri G, Achille A, Lionello F, Lococo S, Zaninotto M, Caminati M, Senna G. Serum biomarkers of remodeling in severe asthma with fixed airway obstruction and the potential role of KL-6. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1679-1687. [PMID: 36989607 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Over 3% of asthmatic patients are affected by a particularly severe form of the disease ("severe asthma", SA) which is often refractory to standard treatment. Airway remodeling (AR), which can be considered a critical characteristic of approximately half of all patients with SA and currently thought to be the main mechanism triggering fixed airway obstruction (FAO), seems to be a key factor affecting a patient's outcome. Despite the collective efforts of internationally renowned experts, to date only a few biomarkers indicative of AR and no recognizable biomarkers of lung parenchymal remodeling have been identified. This work examines the pathogenesis of airway and lung parenchymal remodeling and the serum biomarkers that may be able to identify the severe asthmatic patients who may develop FAO. The study also aims to examine if Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) could be considered a diagnostic biomarker of lung structural damage in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vianello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guarnieri
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Achille
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Lionello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Lococo
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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3
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Masson VK, Nussbaum E, Gelb AF, Tashkin DP, Randhawa I, Nadel JA, Fireizen Y, De Celie-Germana JK, Madera D, Senanayake D. Isolated abnormal FEF75% detects unsuspected bronchiolar obstruction in CF children. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1051-1056. [PMID: 36914809 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiologic detection of bronchiolar obstruction in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) may be clinically unsuspected because of normal routine spirometry despite bronchiectasis on lung CT. METHODS Children from two accredited CF facilities had spirometry obtained every 3 months when clinically stable. Pre-bronchodilator maximum expiratory flow volume curves were retrospectively analyzed over 16 years to detect an isolated abnormal FEF75%, despite normal routine spirometry. RESULTS At Miller Children's and Women's Hospital (MCWH), an abnormal FEF75% was initially detected in 26 CF children at age 7.5 ± 4 (SD) years despite normal routine spirometry initially. FEF75% remained an isolated abnormality for 2.5 ± 1.5 years after it was initially detected in these 26 CF children. At Cohen Children's Medical Center (CCMC), despite normal routine spirometry initially, abnormal FEF75% occurred in 13 children at age 11.7 ± 4.5 years, and abnormal FEF25-75% in 10 children at age 11.8 ± 5.3 years. CONCLUSIONS FEF75% was most sensitive spirometric test for diagnosing both early and isolated progressive bronchiolar obstruction. Data from CCMC in older children demonstrated the simultaneous detection of abnormal FEF75% and FEF25-75% values consistent with greater bronchiolar obstruction when serial spirometry was initiated at an older age. IMPACT There is very little published spirometric data regarding diagnosis of isolated small airways obstruction in CF children. FEF75% can easily detect unsuspected small airways obstruction in CF children with normal routine spirometry and bronchiectasis on lung CT and optimize targeted modulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki K Masson
- Pulmonary Division, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
- University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Eliezer Nussbaum
- Pulmonary Division, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Arthur F Gelb
- Pulmonary Division, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA.
- Geffen School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, CA, USA.
| | - Donald P Tashkin
- Geffen School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Inderpal Randhawa
- Pulmonary Division, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jay A Nadel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaron Fireizen
- Pulmonary Division, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach Memorial Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Danielle Madera
- Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New York City, NY, USA
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4
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Rutting S, Thamrin C, Cross TJ, King GG, Tonga KO. Fixed Airflow Obstruction in Asthma: A Problem of the Whole Lung Not of Just the Airways. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898208. [PMID: 35677089 PMCID: PMC9169051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Asthma with irreversible or fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) is a severe clinical phenotype that is difficult to treat and is associated with an accelerated decline in lung function and excess morbidity. There are no current treatments to reverse or prevent this excessive decline in lung function in these patients, due to a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. The current paradigm is that FAO in asthma is due to airway remodeling driven by chronic inflammation. However, emerging evidence indicates significant and critical structural and functional changes to the lung parenchyma and its lung elastic properties in asthma with FAO, suggesting that FAO is a ‘whole lung’ problem and not just of the airways. In this Perspective we draw upon what is known thus far on the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to FAO in asthma, and focus on recent advances and future directions. We propose the view that structural and functional changes in parenchymal tissue, are just as (if not more) important than airway remodeling in causing persistent lung function decline in asthma. We believe this paradigm of FAO should be considered when developing novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rutting
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Thamrin
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Troy J. Cross
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory G. King
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina O. Tonga
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Department of Thoracic and Transplant Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Katrina O. Tonga,
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5
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Oscillometry and Asthma Control in Patients With and Without Fixed Airflow Obstruction. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1260-1267.e1. [PMID: 34979333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is defined by the presence of reversible airflow limitation, yet persistently abnormal spirometry may develop despite appropriate asthma treatment. Fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) describes abnormal postbronchodilator spirometry that is associated with greater symptom burden and disease severity. Respiratory oscillometry measures the mechanics of the entire airway tree, including peripheral airway changes that have been shown to influence asthma symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between abnormal oscillometry following bronchodilator and symptom control in adults with asthma. METHODS A prospective cohort of patients with asthma attending an airways clinic completed oscillometry (resistance and reactance), spirometry, and the Asthma Control Test. Postbronchodilator lung function below the lower limit of normal was considered abnormal. Spirometric FAO was defined as FEV1/forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal. Spearman's rank coefficient and multiple linear regression were performed to assess associations of lung function parameters with Asthma Control Test. The discriminative ability of abnormal lung function to identify poor asthma control was determined using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS Ninety patients with asthma were included; 48% had spirometric FAO. Only reactance parameters, not spirometry, significantly related to (rs ≥ 0.315; P < .05) and identified asthma control (r2 = 0.236; P < .001). Lung function was more strongly associated with asthma control in patients with FAO compared with those without. Abnormal oscillometry identified an additional 24% of patients with poor asthma control as compared with spirometric FAO. CONCLUSIONS Reactance related to asthma control, independently of spirometric FAO. Abnormal postbronchodilator reactance identified more patients with poor asthma control compared with spirometry. These findings confirm that oscillometry is a relevant lung function test in the clinical assessment of asthma.
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6
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Asthma with Fixed Airflow Obstruction: From Fixed to Personalized Approach. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030333. [PMID: 35330333 PMCID: PMC8953236 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is generally characterized by variable symptoms such as dyspnea and wheezing and variable airflow obstruction. This review focuses on a subset of patients suffering from asthma with persistent airflow limitation that is not fully reversible (asthma with fixed airflow obstruction, FAO). The pathophysiology, the risk factors and the clinical outcomes associated with FAO are presented, as well as the distinct clinical entity of severe asthma and its inflammatory subtypes (T2 and non-T2). The current strategies for the treatment of these endotypes and treatment of the distinct Asthma/COPD overlap (ACO) phenotype are described. Management and medical interventions in FAO and/or ACO patients demand a holistic approach, which is not yet clearly established in guidelines worldwide. Finally, a treatment algorithm that includes FAO/ACO management based on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, guideline-based management for specific co-morbidities, and modification of the risk factors is proposed.
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7
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Carrasco Hernández L, Caballero Eraso C, Ruiz-Duque B, Abad Arranz M, Márquez Martín E, Calero Acuña C, Lopez-Campos JL. [Translated article] Deconstructing phenotypes in COPD: An analysis of the TRACE cohort. Arch Bronconeumol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Rutting S, Tonga KO, King GG. Toward explaining fixed airflow obstruction in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:890-892. [PMID: 34974066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rutting
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina O Tonga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Thoracic and Lung Transplant Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory G King
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia; Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Xu X, Huang K, Dong F, Qumu S, Zhao Q, Niu H, Ren X, Gu X, Yu T, Pan L, Yang T, Wang C. The Heterogeneity of Inflammatory Response and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:783396. [PMID: 34950055 PMCID: PMC8689000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.783396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic inflammation, emphysema, airway remodeling, and altered lung function. Despite the canonical classification of COPD as a neutrophilic disease, blood and airway eosinophilia are found in COPD patients. Identifying the tools to assess eosinophilic airway inflammation in COPD models during stable disease and exacerbations will enable the development of novel anti-eosinophilic treatments. We developed different animal models to mimic the pathological features of COPD. Our results show that eosinophils accumulated in the lungs of pancreatic porcine elastase-treated mice, with emphysema arising from the alveolar septa. A lipopolysaccharide challenge significantly increased IL-17 levels and induced a swift change from a type-2 response to an IL-17-driven inflammatory response. However, lipopolysaccharides can exacerbate cigarette smoking-induced airway inflammation dominated by neutrophil infiltration and airway remodeling in COPD models. Our results suggest that eosinophils may be associated with emphysema arising from the alveolar septa, which may be different from the small airway disease-associated emphysema that is dominated by neutrophilic inflammation in cigarette smoke-induced models. The characterization of heterogeneity seen in the COPD-associated inflammatory signature could pave the way for personalized medicine to identify new and effective therapeutic approaches for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Qumu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qichao Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Niu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Similarities in Quantitative Computed Tomography Imaging of the Lung in Severe Asthma with Persistent Airflow Limitation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215058. [PMID: 34768576 PMCID: PMC8584690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation (SA-PAL) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterised by irreversible airflow limitation and the remodelling of the airways. The phenotypes of the diseases overlap and may cause diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. Methods: There were 10 patients with SA-PAL, 11 patients with COPD, and 10 healthy volunteers (HV) enrolled in this study. The patients were examined with a 128-multislice scanner at full inspiration. Measurements were taken from the third to ninth bronchial generations. Results: The thickness of the bronchial wall was greater in the SA-PAL than in the COPD group for most bronchial generations (p < 0.05). The mean lung density was the lowest in the SA-PAL group (−846 HU), followed by the COPD group (−836 HU), with no statistical difference between these two groups. The low-attenuation volume percentage (LAV% < −950 HU) was significantly higher in the SA-PAL group (15.8%) and COPD group (10.4%) compared with the HV group (7%) (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation and COPD become similar with time within the functional and morphological dimensions. Emphysema qualities are present in COPD and in SA-PAL patients.
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11
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Denlinger LC, Phillips BR, Sorkness RL, Bleecker ER, Castro M, DeBoer MD, Fitzpatrick AM, Hastie AT, Gaffin JM, Moore WC, Peters MC, Peters SP, Phipatanakul W, Cardet JC, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Fajt ML, Gaston B, Levy BD, Meyers DA, Ross K, Teague WG, Wenzel SE, Woodruff PG, Zein J, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Israel E. Responsiveness to Parenteral Corticosteroids and Lung Function Trajectory in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:841-852. [PMID: 33290668 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0454oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: It is unclear why select patients with moderate-to-severe asthma continue to lose lung function despite therapy. We hypothesized that participants with the smallest responses to parenteral corticosteroids have the greatest risk of undergoing a severe decline in lung function.Objectives: To evaluate corticosteroid-response phenotypes as longitudinal predictors of lung decline.Methods: Adults within the NHLBI SARP III (Severe Asthma Research Program III) who had undergone a course of intramuscular triamcinolone at baseline and at ≥2 annual follow-up visits were evaluated. Longitudinal slopes were calculated for each participant's post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted. Categories of participant FEV1 slope were defined: severe decline, >2% loss/yr; mild decline, >0.5-2.0% loss/yr; no change, 0.5% loss/yr to <1% gain/yr; and improvement, ≥1% gain/yr. Regression models were used to develop predictors of severe decline.Measurements and Main Results: Of 396 participants, 78 had severe decline, 91 had mild decline, 114 had no change, and 113 showed improvement. The triamcinolone-induced difference in the post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted (derived by baseline subtraction) was related to the 4-year change in lung function or slope category in univariable models (P < 0.001). For each 5% decrement in the triamcinolone-induced difference the FEV1% predicted, there was a 50% increase in the odds of being in the severe decline group (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-1.8), when adjusted for baseline FEV1, exacerbation history, blood eosinophils and body mass index.Conclusions: Failure to improve the post-bronchodilator FEV1 after a challenge with parenteral corticosteroids is an evoked biomarker for patients at risk for a severe decline in lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald L Sorkness
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, KU School of Medicine, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Divisions of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology and Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | - Juan Carlos Cardet
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute and the Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kristie Ross
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - W Gerald Teague
- Divisions of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology and Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joe Zein
- Lerner Research Institute and the Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Elliot Israel
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Debray MP, Ghanem M, Khalil A, Taillé C. [Lung imaging in severe asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:41-57. [PMID: 33423858 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a common disease whose diagnosis does not typically rely on the results of imaging. However, chest CT has gained a key place over the last decade to support the management of patients with difficult to treat and severe asthma. STATE OF THE ART Bronchial wall thickening and mild dilatation or narrowing of bronchial lumen are frequently observed on chest CT in people with asthma. Bronchial wall thickening is correlated to the degree of obstruction and to bronchial wall remodeling and inflammation. Diverse conditions which can mimic asthma should be recognized on CT, including endobronchial tumours, interstitial pneumonias, bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis. Ground-glass opacities and consolidation may be related to transient eosinophilic infiltrates, infection or an associated disease (vasculitis, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia). Hyperdense mucous plugging is highly specific for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PERSPECTIVES Airway morphometry, air trapping and quantitative analysis of ventilatory defects, with CT or MRI, can help to identify different morphological subgroups of patients with different functional or inflammatory characteristics. These imaging tools could emerge as new biomarkers for the evaluation of treatment response. CONCLUSION Chest CT is indicated in people with severe asthma to search for additional or alternative diagnoses. Quantitative imaging may contribute to phenotyping this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-P Debray
- Service de Radiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris; Inserm UMR1152, France.
| | - M Ghanem
- Service de Pneumologie et Centre de Référence constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, France
| | - A Khalil
- Service de Radiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR1152, France
| | - C Taillé
- Service de Pneumologie et Centre de Référence constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE ; Université de Paris ; Inserm UMR 1152 ; LabEx Inflamex, 75018 Paris, France
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13
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Carrasco Hernández L, Caballero Eraso C, Ruiz-Duque B, Abad Arranz M, Márquez Martín E, Calero Acuña C, Lopez-Campos JL. Deconstructing Phenotypes in COPD: an Analysis of the TRACE Cohort. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 58:30-34. [PMID: 33546927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a clinical phenotype-based management strategy for COPD, it would be preferable to at least assign all patients to a phenotype, but to a single phenotype only. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether all patients are assigned to one and only one phenotype using the Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC) and to evaluate the criteria that define these categories. METHOD The Time-based Register and Analysis of COPD Endpoints study (TRACE; clinicaltrials.gov NCT03485690) is a prospective cohort of COPD patients attending annual visits since 2012, which collects GesEPOC phenotypes. Although the GesEPOC recommends that patients considered to be at low risk are not phenotyped, an analysis of the criteria for identifying high- and low-risk phenotypes was performed, comparing the distribution of phenotypes and the criteria applied between these 2 groups. RESULTS The cohort included 970 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD, divided into 427 (44.02%) low-risk and 543 (55.9%) high-risk patients. The most frequent phenotype was the non-exacerbator (44.9% of high-risk patients). Overall, 20.6% of low-risk patients met criteria for asthma-COPD overlap syndrome, while 9.2% of the cohort did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any phenotype, and 19.1% met the criteria for 2 phenotypes, with no differences between risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight some of the weaknesses of the current clinical phenotype strategy, revealing overlapping categories in some cases, and patients to whom no phenotype was assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrasco Hernández
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Candela Caballero Eraso
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Borja Ruiz-Duque
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - María Abad Arranz
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Eduardo Márquez Martín
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Carmen Calero Acuña
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/ Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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14
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Gelb AF, Yamamoto A, Verbeken EK, Hogg JC, Tashkin DP, Tran DNT, Moridzadeh RM, Fraser C, Schein MJ, Decramer M, Glassy EF, Nadel JA. Normal Routine Spirometry Can Mask COPD/Emphysema in Symptomatic Smokers. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2021; 8:124-134. [PMID: 33513660 PMCID: PMC8047618 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2020.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have emphasized the difficulty of early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in symptomatic smokers with normal routine spirometry. This includes post-bronchodilator normal forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)(L)≥80% predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC)(L)≥80% predicted, and FEV1/FVC ≥70% or greater than age corrected lower limit of normal (LLN). However, in COPD the pathologic site of small airway obstruction and emphysema begins in the small peripheral airways ≤2 mm id which normally contribute <20% of total airway resistance. METHODS Expiratory airflow at high and low lung volumes post-bronchodilator were measured and correlated with lung computed tomography (CT) and lung pathology (6 patients) in 16 symptomatic, treated smokers, and all with normal routine spirometry. RESULTS Despite normal routine spirometry, all16 patients had isolated, abnormal forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75) using data from Knudson et al, Hankinson et al NHAMES III, and Quanjer et al and the Global Lung Function Initiative. This reflects isolated detection of small airways obstruction and/or emphysema. Measuring airflow at FEF50 detected only 8 of 16 patients, maximal expiratory flow at 25%-75% of FVC (MEF25-75) only 4 of 16, residual volume (RV) 4 of 16, and RV to total lung capacity ratio only 2 of 16. There was excellent correlation between limited lung pathology and lung CT for absence of emphysema. CONCLUSION This study confirms our earlier observations that detection of small airways obstruction and/or emphysema, in symptomatic smokers with normal routine spirometry, requires analysis of expiratory airflow at low lung volumes, including FEF75. Dependence upon normal routine spirometry may result in clinical and physiologic delay in the diagnosis and treatment in symptomatic smokers with emphysema and small airways obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. Gelb
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, California, United States and David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alfred Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, California, United States
| | - Eric K. Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, Katholieke Univeritair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James C. Hogg
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul`s Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donald P. Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Diem N. T. Tran
- Independent pulmonary function investigator, Lakewood, California, United States
| | | | - Christine Fraser
- Independent pulmonary function investigator, Lakewood, California, United States
| | - Mark J. Schein
- Department of Radiology, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, California, United States
| | - Marc Decramer
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Univeritair Leuven-University of Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric F. Glassy
- Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Rancho Dominguez, California, United States
| | - Jay A. Nadel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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15
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Boulet LP, Boulay ME, Coxson HO, Hague CJ, Milot J, Lepage J, Maltais F. Asthma with Irreversible Airway Obstruction in Smokers and Nonsmokers: Links between Airway Inflammation and Structural Changes. Respiration 2020; 99:1-11. [PMID: 33291112 DOI: 10.1159/000508163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of irreversible airway obstruction (IRAO) in asthma is related to lung/airway inflammatory and structural changes whose characteristics are likely influenced by exposure to tobacco smoke. OBJECTIVE To investigate the interplay between airway and lung structural changes, airway inflammation, and smoking exposure in asthmatics with IRAO. METHODS We studied asthmatics with IRAO who were further classified according to their smoking history, those with ≥20 pack-years of tobacco exposure (asthmatics with smoking-related IRAO [AwS-IRAO]) and those with <5 pack-years of tobacco exposure (asthmatics with nonsmoking-related IRAO [AwNS-IRAO]). In addition to recording baseline clinical and lung function features, all patients had a chest computed tomography (CT) from which airway wall thickness was measured and quantitative and qualitative assessment of emphysema was performed. The airway inflammatory profile was documented from differential inflammatory cell counts on induced sputum. RESULTS Ninety patients were recruited (57 AwS-IRAO and 33 AwNS-IRAO). There were no statistically significant differences in the extent of emphysema and gas trapping between groups on quantitative chest CT analysis, although Pi10, a marker of airway wall thickness, was significantly higher in AwS-IRAO (p = 0.0242). Visual analysis showed a higher prevalence of emphysema (p = 0.0001) and higher emphysema score (p < 0.0001) in AwS-IRAO compared to AwNS-IRAO and distribution of emphysema was different between groups. Correlations between radiological features and lung function were stronger in AwS-IRAO. In a subgroup analysis, we found a correlation between airway neutrophilia and emphysematous features in AwS-IRAO and between eosinophilia and both airway wall thickness and emphysematous changes in AwNS-IRAO. CONCLUSIONS Although bronchial structural changes were relatively similar in smoking and nonsmoking patients with asthma and IRAO, emphysematous changes were more predominant in smokers. However, neutrophils in AwS-IRAO and eosinophils in AwNS-IRAO were associated with lung and airway structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada,
| | - Marie-Eve Boulay
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Harvey O Coxson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cameron J Hague
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne Milot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Johane Lepage
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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16
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Gelb AF, Yamamoto A, Verbeken E, Grigorian SR, Nadel JA. Asthma and emphysema overlap in nonsmokers. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:711-713. [PMID: 32791102 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F Gelb
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Alfred Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, Lakewood, California
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, Katholieke Universitair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jay A Nadel
- The Cardiovascular Research Institute and Pulmonary Division, Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Radiology, The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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17
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Abstract
This article will discuss in detail the pathophysiology of asthma from the point of view of lung mechanics. In particular, we will explain how asthma is more than just airflow limitation resulting from airway narrowing but in fact involves multiple consequences of airway narrowing, including ventilation heterogeneity, airway closure, and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, the relationship between the airway and surrounding lung parenchyma is thought to be critically important in asthma, especially as related to the response to deep inspiration. Furthermore, dynamic changes in lung mechanics over time may yield important information about asthma stability, as well as potentially provide a window into future disease control. All of these features of mechanical properties of the lung in asthma will be explained by providing evidence from multiple investigative methods, including not only traditional pulmonary function testing but also more sophisticated techniques such as forced oscillation, multiple breath nitrogen washout, and different imaging modalities. Throughout the article, we will link the lung mechanical features of asthma to clinical manifestations of asthma symptoms, severity, and control. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:975-1007, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kaminsky
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - David G Chapman
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Tonga KO, Chapman DG, Farah CS, Oliver BG, Zimmermann SC, Milne S, Sanai F, Jetmalani K, Berend N, Thamrin C, King GG. Reduced lung elastic recoil and fixed airflow obstruction in asthma. Respirology 2019; 25:613-619. [PMID: 31482693 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) in asthma occurs despite optimal inhaled treatment and no smoking history, and remains a significant problem, particularly with increasing age and duration of asthma. Increased lung compliance and loss of lung elastic recoil has been observed in older people with asthma, but their link to FAO has not been established. We determined the relationship between abnormal lung elasticity and airflow obstruction in asthma. METHODS Non-smoking asthmatic subjects aged >40 years, treated with 2 months of high-dose inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist (ICS/LABA), had FAO measured by spirometry, and respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (Rrs5 ) and respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz (Xrs5 ) measured by forced oscillation technique. Lung compliance (K) and elastic recoil (B/A) were calculated from pressure-volume curves measured by an oesophageal balloon. Linear correlations between K and B/A, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1 /FVC), Rrs5 and Xrs5 were assessed. RESULTS Eighteen subjects (11 males; mean ± SD age: 64 ± 8 years, asthma duration: 39 ± 22 years) had moderate FAO measured by spirometry ((mean ± SD z-score) post-bronchodilator FEV1 : -2.2 ± 0.5, FVC: -0.7 ± 1.0, FEV1 /FVC: -2.6 ± 0.7) and by increased Rrs5 (median (IQR) z-score) 2.7 (1.9 to 3.2) and decreased Xrs5 : -4.1(-2.4 to -7.3). Lung compliance (K) was increased in 9 of 18 subjects and lung elastic recoil (B/A) reduced in 5 of 18 subjects. FEV1 /FVC correlated negatively with K (rs = -0.60, P = 0.008) and Rrs5 correlated negatively with B/A (rs = -0.52, P = 0.026), independent of age. Xrs5 did not correlate with lung elasticity indices. CONCLUSION Increased lung compliance and loss of elastic recoil relate to airflow obstruction in older non-smoking asthmatic subjects, independent of ageing. Thus, structural lung tissue changes may contribute to persistent, steroid-resistant airflow obstruction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN126150000985583 at anzctr.org.au (UTN: U1111-1156-2795).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina O Tonga
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Department of Thoracic and Lung Transplant Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Chapman
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claude S Farah
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sabine C Zimmermann
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Milne
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farid Sanai
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kanika Jetmalani
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Norbert Berend
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Research Group, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Thamrin
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory G King
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Airway Physiology and Imaging Group and the Woolcock Emphysema Centre, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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19
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Schleich F, Louis R. It needs more than just eosinophils to cause emphysema in COPD. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:53/5/1900332. [PMID: 31147422 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00332-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renaud Louis
- Respiratory Medicine, GIGA I3, CHU Sart-Tilman B35, Liege, Belgium
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20
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Doyle AD, Mukherjee M, LeSuer WE, Bittner TB, Pasha SM, Frere JJ, Neely JL, Kloeber JA, Shim KP, Ochkur SI, Ho T, Svenningsen S, Wright BL, Rank MA, Lee JJ, Nair P, Jacobsen EA. Eosinophil-derived IL-13 promotes emphysema. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01291-2018. [PMID: 30728205 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01291-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory responses in chronic airway diseases leading to emphysema are not fully defined. We hypothesised that lung eosinophilia contributes to airspace enlargement in a mouse model and to emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A transgenic mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation (I5/hE2) was used to examine eosinophil-dependent mechanisms leading to airspace enlargement. Human sputum samples were collected for translational studies examining eosinophilia and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-12 levels in patients with chronic airways disease.Airspace enlargement was identified in I5/hE2 mice and was dependent on eosinophils. Examination of I5/hE2 bronchoalveolar lavage identified elevated MMP-12, a mediator of emphysema. We showed, in vitro, that eosinophil-derived interleukin (IL)-13 promoted alveolar macrophage MMP-12 production. Airspace enlargement in I5/hE2 mice was dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. Consistent with this, MMP-12 was elevated in patients with sputum eosinophilia and computed tomography evidence of emphysema, and also negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s.A mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation exhibited airspace enlargement dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. In chronic airways disease patients, lung eosinophilia was associated with elevated MMP-12 levels, which was a predictor of emphysema. These findings suggest an underappreciated mechanism by which eosinophils contribute to the pathologies associated with asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William E LeSuer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Tyler B Bittner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Saif M Pasha
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Justin J Frere
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph L Neely
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly P Shim
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Terence Ho
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Svenningsen
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Deceased
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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21
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King GG, Farrow CE, Chapman DG. Dismantling the pathophysiology of asthma using imaging. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/152/180111. [PMID: 30996039 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0111-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma remains an important disease worldwide, causing high burden to patients and healthcare systems and presenting a need for better management and ultimately prevention and cure. Asthma is a very heterogeneous condition, with many different pathophysiological processes. Better measurement of those pathophysiological processes are needed to better phenotype disease, and to go beyond the current, highly limited measurements that are currently used: spirometry and symptoms. Sophisticated three-dimensional lung imaging using computed tomography and ventilation imaging (single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) and magnetic resonance imaging and methods of lung imaging applicable to asthma research are now highly developed. The body of current evidence suggests that abnormalities in structure and ventilatory function measured by imaging are clinically relevant, given their associations with disease severity, exacerbation risk and airflow obstruction. Therefore, lung imaging is ready for more widespread use in clinical trials and to become part of routine clinical assessment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G King
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia .,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Catherine E Farrow
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David G Chapman
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Tonga KO, Berend N, Thamrin C, Farah CS, Jetmalani K, Chapman DG, King GG. Lung elastic recoil and ventilation heterogeneity of diffusion-dependent airways in older people with asthma and fixed airflow obstruction. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01028-2018. [PMID: 30578400 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01028-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina O Tonga
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Dept of Thoracic and Transplant Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Norbert Berend
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cindy Thamrin
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claude S Farah
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kanika Jetmalani
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Chapman
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Translational Airways Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory G King
- Airway Physiology and Imaging Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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23
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Sorkness RL, Kienert C, O'Brien MJ, Fain SB, Jarjour NN. Compressive air trapping in asthma: effects of age, sex, and severity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1265-1271. [PMID: 30844338 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Air trapping due to airway closure has been associated with unstable asthma. In addition to airway closure that occurs at lower lung volumes during slow expiration, there may be further closure during a forced expiration because of airway compression. The purpose of this study was to define a reference range from a nonasthmatic population and investigate the characteristics of compressive air trapping in asthma. Spirometry and plethysmography were performed in 117 nonasthmatic subjects (ages 18-87 yr) and 153 asthma subjects (ages 12-72 yr). Air trapping was assessed as residual lung volume and the ratio of forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC) to slow inspiratory vital capacity (iVC) (FVC/iVC). There were no significant age or sex effects on the FVC/iVC ratio in the nonasthmatic subjects, and a fifth percentile lower limit of normal (LLN) of 0.93 was computed. An FVC/iVC ratio less than LLN defined compressive air trapping. Asthma subjects exhibited an age-related decline in the FVC/iVC ratio of 0.0027 per year (P < 0.0001) in a mixed effects model, with additional decreases associated with severe asthma and male sex. FVC/iVC ratios< LLN were infrequent in subjects <30 yr but evident in most asthma subjects >50 yr. Lung residual volumes followed similar patterns of greater elevations in subjects with severe asthma, older age, and male sex. Compressive air trapping occurs frequently in older asthmatics, appearing to be a feature of the natural history of asthma that is greater in severe asthma and men. This component of premature airway closure affects spirometric assessment of airway function and may contribute to asthma symptoms during physical exertion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Premature airway closure during exhalation is a component of airway obstruction that is associated with asthma severity and instability. Compressive air trapping is airway closure that is more extensive during a forced exhalation than with a slow, passive exhalation. We report that compressive air trapping occurs in most people > 50 yr with asthma, affects men more than women, and persists after bronchodilator treatment. This component of obstruction appears to be part of the natural history of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Sorkness
- School of Pharmacy; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Casey Kienert
- School of Pharmacy; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew J O'Brien
- Pulmonary Function Lab, University Hospitals and Clinics, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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24
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Tonga KO, King GG, Farah CS, Thamrin C, Tang FS, Santos J, Sharma P, Chapman DG, Oliver BG. Steroid insensitive fixed airflow obstruction is not related to airway inflammation in older non-smokers with asthma. Respir Res 2018; 19:176. [PMID: 30223904 PMCID: PMC6142701 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence linking airway inflammation and lung function impairment in older non-smoking asthmatics with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO), which can develop despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We assessed lung function (spirometry, forced oscillation technique (FOT)), lung elastic recoil and airway inflammation using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in non-smoking adult asthmatics with FAO, following 2 months treatment with high-dose ICS/long-acting beta-agonist. Subjects demonstrated moderate FAO, abnormal FOT indices and loss of lung elastic recoil. This cross-sectional study showed a lack of a relationship between BAL neutrophils, eosinophils, inflammatory cytokines and lung function impairment. Other inflammatory pathways or the effect of inflammation on lung function over time may explain FAO development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Tonga
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - G G King
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C S Farah
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - C Thamrin
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F S Tang
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - J Santos
- Discipline of Medical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,CIRIMAT, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Sharma
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - D G Chapman
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - B G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Niwa M, Fujisawa T, Karayama M, Furuhashi K, Mori K, Hashimoto D, Yasui H, Suzuki Y, Hozumi H, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T. Differences in airway structural changes assessed by 3-dimensional computed tomography in asthma and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:704-710.e1. [PMID: 30138669 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) is a clinical phenotype sharing features of asthma and COPD. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) can be used to evaluate the airway structure; however, differences between asthma and ACO seen on MDCT are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the difference in airway structural between asthma and ACO, using MDCT in patients with clinical asthma. METHODS Sixty-four patients with asthma were allocated to an asthma group (never smokers and ex-smokers with a smoking history of < 10 pack-years) or an ACO group (patients with a ≥10-pack-year smoking history and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] < 0.7). The asthma group was further divided into patients with airflow limitation (AL; FEV1/FVC < 0.7) and those without AL. Wall thickness (WT) and airway inner luminal area in the third-generation to fifth-generation bronchi were evaluated using MDCT in both study groups and in 29 healthy controls. RESULTS Forty-three patients were included in the asthma group (20 with AL, 23 without AL) and 16 in the ACO group. Patients with asthma and ACO had significantly greater WT than the healthy controls. WT in the third-generation bronchi was significantly greater in the ACO group than in the asthma group. The ACO group and the asthma with AL group were matched for age, disease duration, and FEV1/FVC. The WT in the third-generation bronchi was still greater in the ACO group than in the asthma with AL group. CONCLUSION Patients with ACO have a thicker airway wall than those with asthma, suggesting that airway remodeling is more prominent in ACO than in asthma. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) system (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/UMIN000028913).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Niwa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Yasui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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