1
|
Machlin L, Egger HL, Stein CR, Navarro E, Carpenter KLH, Goel S, Patel KK, Copeland WE, Sheridan MA. Distinct Associations of Deprivation and Threat With Alterations in Brain Structure in Early Childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:885-894.e3. [PMID: 36775117 PMCID: PMC10412726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology hypothesizes deprivation and threat impact distinct neurobiological pathways, such as brain structure. This hypothesis has not been examined longitudinally or in young children. This study tested longitudinal associations between threat and deprivation measured in preschool and brain structure in childhood. It was hypothesized that threat would be associated with amygdala and hippocampal subcortical volume and deprivation would be associated with cortical thickness in association cortex. METHOD The study included T1-weighted scans from 72 children (5-10 years old, 54.2% female participants). Threat was measured by the presence of domestic violence, sexual abuse, physical abuse, or neighborhood violence. Deprivation was measured by the presence of neglect. Associations of deprivation or threat with brain structure were examined controlling for other dimension (deprivation or threat) and nuisance covariates using whole-brain vertex-wise analyses. Subcortical volume was extracted, and the same associations were examined using multiple regression. RESULTS Threat was associated with widespread decreases in cortical surface area across the prefrontal cortex and other regions. Threat was not associated with amygdala or hippocampal volume. Deprivation was associated with increased thickness in occipital cortex, insula, and cingulate. CONCLUSION Results suggest distinct associations of deprivation and threat on brain structure in early childhood. Threat is associated with widespread differences in surface area, and deprivation is associated with differences in cortical thickness. These observations are consistent with work in adolescence and adulthood and reflect how dimensions of adversity differentially impact neural structure.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ward KP, Lee SJ, Grogan-Kaylor AC, Ma J, Pace GT. Patterns of caregiver aggressive and nonaggressive discipline toward young children in low- and middle-income countries: A latent class approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105606. [PMID: 35349948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers use a variety of disciplinary methods to respond to undesired child behavior. Many caregivers use nonaggressive forms of discipline, such as verbal reasoning and redirection. Some caregivers use aggressive forms of discipline, such as spanking and yelling. However, most caregivers use a combination of aggressive and nonaggressive discipline. To date, a disproportionately small number of caregiver discipline studies are conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and few studies in low-resource contexts examine aggressive and nonaggressive behaviors simultaneously. OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate caregiver patterns of 11 disciplinary behaviors used in LMICs, and examine how these patterns relate to child outcomes and household characteristics. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data came from the fourth and fifth rounds of UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) distributed between 2009 and 2017 (N = 218,824 respondents across 63 countries). Focal children were 3-4 years old. METHODS Patterns of disciplinary behaviors were estimated using a multilevel latent class analysis (LCA). Multinomial regression analyses examined associations of disciplinary patterns with caregiver-reported child outcomes and household characteristics. RESULTS The LCA suggested caregiver discipline fell into three overall patterns: high behavioral control, moderate behavior control, and lower behavioral control. The lower behavioral control class was associated with the most advantageous child outcomes and household socio-demographic characteristics, whereas the high behavioral control class was associated with the most disadvantageous child outcomes and household characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be employed to reduce aggressive behaviors and promote positive parenting among caregivers in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin P Ward
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Shawna J Lee
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew C Grogan-Kaylor
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Julie Ma
- University of Michigan-Flint, Department of Social Work, 303 E. Kearsley St., Flint, MI 48502, USA.
| | - Garrett T Pace
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anwar Abdel-Fatah N. Determinants of severe physical disciplinary practices against children in Egypt. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 111:104821. [PMID: 33257026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nearly 43 % of Egyptian children aged less than 14 years had ever experienced severe physical violent punishment at home, no previous studies identified the predictors of the practice in Egypt. OBJECTIVE This research aims at identifying the determinants of the use of any severe violent physical practice to discipline children. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The latest national Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey is the main source of data. The caregivers of 13024 children were interviewed. METHODS A binary logistic regression model is developed to identify the determinants of the use of severe physical disciplinary practices. RESULTS Results show that children whose parents believe that physical punishment is necessary to discipline children are more likely to experience severe violence (OR = 3.3). Children in the preprimary stage have a high odds ratio of experiencing a severe violent punishment compared to those in preparatory and secondary stages (OR = 3.5). Children whose mothers have experienced domestic physical violence are more likely to be subject to severe physical violence (OR = 1.6 for husband violence, and 1.4 for parents/siblings violence). Children living in Urban Lower Egypt are approximately twice likely as children living in urban governorates to be subject to severe physical violence. Children living in the poorest households are the most likely to experience severe physical violence. CONCLUSION Severe violent disciplinary practice inside the home is common in Egypt. The findings urge for activating Egyptian Child Law and implementing continuous training programs for parents on positive parenting.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tayebi N, Khooshab E, Ghodrati F, Akbarzadeh M. Investigation of correlation between religious attitude and mother-adolescent girls conflict. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2893-2897. [PMID: 31681662 PMCID: PMC6820374 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_387_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religion is considered as one of the factors influencing one's behavior and cognition and plays an important role in shaping the individual's lifestyle. People with religious beliefs, due to less stress, may have less conflict with others. OBJECTIVE Comparison of adolescents with high and low religious attitudes in terms of conflict with mother. METHODOLOGY This is a cross-sectional, analytic, epidemiological study on girls aged between 15 to 18 years in middle and high schools of Shiraz. The sample size, with a percentage of conflict in a sample of 86 pilots, was 509. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, conflict tactics scale parents (CTSP), and religious attitude questionnaire. RESULTS There was no significant relationship between religious attitude and individuals' reasoning tactics (P = 0.072), and physical aggression tactics (P = 0.83) of the girls with mother conflict resolution. However, there was a significant relationship between religious attitude and verbal aggression tactics (P = 0.83) of adolescents and mothers (P = 0.04(. There was a significant difference between religious attitudes and total the girls with mother conflict resolution scale (P = 0.003). Relationship between religious attitude and individuals' reasoning tactics in conflict resolution (P = 0.072) and physical aggression tactics (P = 0.83) of self and mother was not seen significant relationship. CONCLUSION The majority of girls (91.2%) had a moderate religious attitude (48.4%) at low levels of conflict. There was a significant relationship between religious attitude and the total score of There was no significant relationship between religious attitude and individuals' reasoning tactics (P = 0.072) and physical aggression tactics (P = 0.83) of the girls with mother conflict resolution conflict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeimeh Tayebi
- Department of Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Elham Khooshab
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghodrati
- Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities Science College, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Midwifery, Maternal –Fetal Medicine Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beatriz E, Salhi C. Child discipline in low- and middle-income countries: Socioeconomic disparities at the household- and country-level. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 94:104023. [PMID: 31150798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past month, an estimated eight of ten children worldwide have experienced violent discipline. Understanding the economic and social contexts in which parents are more likely to use particular disciplinary practices is necessary to reduce violence against children. Critical examination of disciplinary practices and beliefs in cross-country analysis of low- and middle-income countries (LMICS) has been limited. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of country-level stressors and household-level economic stressors with disciplinary behaviors and beliefs. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data between 2010 and 2013, 231,221 parents from 32 LMICS were included. METHODS The prevalence of past-month nonviolent discipline, physical discipline, psychological aggression, belief in the utility of physical discipline, and incongruence of disciplinary practice and belief were estimated. Country-level prevalence was regressed on country-level stressors (economic burden, economic inequality, human security, and human development). Individual-level disciplinary practices and beliefs were regressed on household wealth. RESULTS Country-level stressors predicted psychological and physical discipline use and belief in the utility of physical discipline. Lower household wealth was associated with increased violent disciplinary practice and belief. Lower household wealth was associated with increased likelihood of using violent discipline, even when the caregiver did not believe in its utility (OR = 1.63 [1.34, 1.98]). CONCLUSIONS Discipline use and belief in LMICS should be understood within the context of salient societal and household stressors.Parental disciplinary beliefs and practices reflect complex interplay with broader social, political and economic contexts and should not be taken to be defined by monolithic views of culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Beatriz
- Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, 360 Huntington Ave, M/S 314 INV, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Carmel Salhi
- Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, 360 Huntington Ave, M/S 314 INV, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tompsett CJ, Mahoney A, Lackey J. Sibling Aggression Among Clinic-Referred Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2018; 47:941-953. [PMID: 26984063 PMCID: PMC5495616 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1138409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aggression against siblings has been associated with a number of negative outcomes within community samples of children and adolescents, but little is known about this phenomenon within clinical samples. The current study empirically identified subtypes of sibling aggression, assessed prevalence within a clinic-referred sample of children and adolescents, and described risk factors associated with sibling aggression. Surveys were administered as part of the intake procedures at a community mental health center serving children and adolescents. The current study analyzed reports of sibling-directed aggression and mother-to-child aggression, as well as symptom counts, from a sample of 346 matched pairs of mothers and children or adolescents. Ages of child/adolescent participants ranged from 7 to 18 (M = 12.92, SD = 2.82) and were 55.8% male. The sample was primarily Caucasian (90.2%), were lower income, and resided in a semirural midwestern county. Sibling-directed aggression was reported by 93.1% of mothers and 82.4% of children. Principal components analyses identified two subtypes of sibling aggression, mild and severe. Mother and child/adolescent reports of sibling aggression demonstrated only moderate agreement. Mother-to-child verbal aggression and corporal punishment were more predictive of sibling aggression than more severe maternal aggression, and externalizing symptoms were also associated with sibling aggression. Sibling-directed aggression is very common among clinic-referred children and adolescents and may be an important target for treatment. Using multiple reports of sibling aggression could increase the chances of detection, as would awareness of other risk factors associated with sibling aggression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nkuba M, Hermenau K, Goessmann K, Hecker T. Reducing violence by teachers using the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers (ICC-T): A cluster randomized controlled trial at public secondary schools in Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201362. [PMID: 30110358 PMCID: PMC6093611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The high global prevalence of school violence underlines the need for prevention. However, there are few scientifically evaluated intervention approaches that aim at preventing violence by teachers. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers (ICC-T). In a cluster randomized controlled trial we assessed attitudes towards and use of violence by teachers (self-reported and reported by students) at eight schools in four regions in Tanzania. Two regions were randomly assigned as intervention regions. Data were assessed in the months before and three months after intervention. In total, 158 teachers (58% females; age: 32.08 years, SD = 5.65) and 486 students (54% females; age: 15.61 years, SD = 0.89) participated in this study. The feasibility was very good: Participants' acceptance was high and they reported a good integration of the core elements in their working routine. The significantly stronger decrease in the use of emotional and physical violence reported both by teachers and students as well as the stronger decrease in positive attitudes of teachers towards physical and emotional violence in the intervention schools at follow-up provide initial evidence of the efficacy. However, further evidence for the sustainability of its effect is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabula Nkuba
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katharin Hermenau
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Vivo International, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Hecker
- Vivo International, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clément MÈ, Gagné MH, Chamberland C. Adaptation et validation francophone d’un questionnaire sur les conduites parentales à caractère violent (PC-CTS). EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Hecker T, Goessmann K, Nkuba M, Hermenau K. Teachers' stress intensifies violent disciplining in Tanzanian secondary schools. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 76:173-183. [PMID: 29112855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Violent forms of discipline in schools continue to be widespread across the globe despite their damaging effects. Since little is known about factors influencing the extent of violence applied by teachers, this study aimed to investigate the influence of teachers' stress, work satisfaction, and personal characteristics on their disciplining style. Using structural equation modeling, associations between violent discipline, burnout symptoms, and job perceptions (pressure and difficulties in class) reported by 222 teachers from 11 secondary schools in Tanzania in 2015 were analyzed. Results indicated a direct association between perceived stress and emotional violent discipline (β=.18, p<.05) as well as physical violent discipline (β=.37, p<.001). Perceived stress also mediated the association between job perceptions and both forms of violent disciplining. The model showed good model fit (χ2 [44, n=222]=67.47 (p=.013), CFI=.94, TLI=.91, IFI=.94, RMSEA=.049 [90%-CI=.02-.07, PCLOSE=.50], SRMR=.06). Our findings suggest that teachers' personal perceptions of their work as well as their stress burden play a role in their disciplining styles. Our findings underline the importance of integrating topics, such as stress and coping as well as positive, nonviolent discipline measures into the regular teacher's training and in addition to develop and evaluate school-based preventative interventions for teachers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hecker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; vivo international, www.vivo.org.
| | | | - Mabula Nkuba
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katharin Hermenau
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; vivo international, www.vivo.org
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marcal KE. The Impact of Housing Instability on Child Maltreatment: A Causal Investigation. JOURNAL OF FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2018; 21:331-347. [PMID: 30774282 PMCID: PMC6377199 DOI: 10.1080/10522158.2018.1469563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
More than a half million children are confirmed as victims of maltreatment by the child welfare system each year. Children from unstably housed families are over-represented in child mal-treatment reports, and a growing body of evidence links housing problems to maltreatment and Child Protective Services (CPS); investigation. The present study applies two propensity score analysis approaches-greedy matching and propensity score weighting-to data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study to move toward a causal explanation of child mal-treatment behaviors among mothers in low-income households. Utilizing two separate methods to correct for overt selection bias, the present study finds that housing instability leads to a small increase in maltreatment behaviors, yet this small positive net impact on child maltreatment does not fully explain the over-representation of unstably housed families in the child welfare system. Families experiencing housing problems likely have a range of needs that require earlier, targeted intervention to mitigate consequences of poverty, domestic violence, and maternal depression. Child welfare services should invest resources in housing assistance programs in-house as well as through partnerships with local public housing authorities to stabilize families, reduce housing-related strain on caregivers, and promote family preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Marcal
- Department of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ooi YP, Glenn AL, Ang RP, Vanzetti S, Falcone T, Gaab J, Fung DS. Agreement Between Parent- and Self-Reports of Psychopathic Traits and Externalizing Behaviors in a Clinical Sample. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:151-165. [PMID: 27289236 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have identified discrepancies in informant ratings of externalizing behaviors in youth, but it is unclear whether similar discrepancies exist between informants when rating psychopathic traits. In this study, we examined parent-child agreement on ratings of both psychopathic traits and externalizing behaviors, and examined the factors that influence agreement in both of these domains. A total of 282 children between 7 and 16 years (M = 10.60 years, SD = 1.91) from an outpatient child psychiatric clinic participated in this study. Our findings revealed low levels of parent-child agreement on these measures (ICC values ranging from .02 to .30 for psychopathic traits; ICC values ranging from .09 to .30 for externalizing behaviors). In addition, our findings did not support the moderating effects of child's age, gender, clinical diagnosis, informant, and parental conflict on the relationship between parent- and child-ratings of psychopathic traits and externalizing behaviors. Further research is needed to better understand how parents and child reports of child's externalizing behaviors and psychopathic traits are similar and/or different from one another and factors that influence these agreements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Phaik Ooi
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrea L Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca P Ang
- Psychological Studies, Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefania Vanzetti
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Falcone
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaab
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ss Fung
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Sciences, DUKE-NUS Medical School Singapore, 20 College Road, Level 6, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kobulsky JM, Kepple NJ, Holmes MR, Hussey DL. Concordance of Parent- and Child-Reported Physical Abuse Following Child Protective Services Investigation. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2017; 22:24-33. [PMID: 27742847 DOI: 10.1177/1077559516673156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the concordance of parent- and child-reported child physical abuse is scarce, leaving researchers and practitioners with little guidance on the implications of selecting either informant. Drawing from a 2008-2009 sample of 11- to 17-year-olds ( N = 636) from Wave 1 of the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, this study first examined parent-child concordance in physical abuse reporting (Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scale). Second, it applied multivariate regression analysis to relate parent-child agreement in physical abuse to parent-reported (Child Behavior Checklist) and child-reported (Youth Self Report) child behavioral problems. Results indicate low parent-child concordance of physical abuse (κ = .145). Coreporting of physical abuse was related to clinical-level parent-reported externalizing problems ([Formula: see text] = 64.57), whereas child-only reports of physical abuse were the only agreement category related to child-reported internalizing problems ( B = 4.17, p < .001). Attribution bias theory may further understanding of reporting concordance and its implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kobulsky
- 1 Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 2 School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Jo Kepple
- 3 School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Megan R Holmes
- 1 Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David L Hussey
- 1 Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trillingsgaard T, Sommer D. Associations between older maternal age, use of sanctions, and children’s socio-emotional development through 7, 11, and 15 years. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1266248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Trillingsgaard
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dion Sommer
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marshall AD, Feinberg ME, Jones DE, Chote DR. The Children, Intimate Relationships, and Conflictual Life Events (CIRCLE) interview for simultaneous measurement of intimate partner and parent to child aggression. Psychol Assess 2016; 29:978-989. [PMID: 27643792 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial rates of parent to child aggression (PCA) and intimate partner aggression (IPA) co-occurrence within families, the co-occurrence of PCA and IPA within incidents of aggression has not previously been examined. To do so, we developed the Children, Intimate Relationships, and Conflictual Life Events (CIRCLE) interview to simultaneously measure incidents of psychological and physical PCA and IPA. The CIRCLE interview was administered quarterly for approximately 1 year to 109 women and 94 men from 111 couples with a first born child approximately 32 months of age at study initiation. Demonstrating the CIRCLE interview's ability to yield new knowledge about the nature of family aggression, we describe the frequency of aggressive incidents, the average number of aggressive behaviors within incidents, the daily occurrence of multiple aggressive incidents, and rates of within-incident PCA and IPA co-occurrence. With the exception of men's physical IPA, aggression scores derived from the CIRCLE interview exhibited a relatively high degree of interpartner reporting concordance, as well as structural validity and convergent validity with common aggression measures. Aggression reports via repeated testing were not influenced by social desirability or attempts to avoid aggression. Participants who perceived enhanced memory for aggression as a function of study participation reported increasing PCA and IPA frequencies over time. In the prediction of child conduct and emotional problems, the CIRCLE interview demonstrated predictive validity and incremental validity over traditional aggression measures. For the first time, within-incident co-occurrence of PCA and IPA was documented and shown to uniquely impact child outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Marshall
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Edna Bennett Pearce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Damon E Jones
- Edna Bennett Pearce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan KL. Are parents reliable in reporting child victimization? Comparison of parental and adolescent reports in a matched Chinese household sample. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 44:170-83. [PMID: 25465317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is ongoing debate about the reliability of parental reports on child victimization. Some studies have shown that they are useful, whereas some others have provided contrary evidence suggesting that parents are not accurate in reporting child victimization, especially when they are the one who inflicted the violence. This study aimed to (a) examine the reliability of parental reports of adolescents' experiences of victimization, including that inflicted by parents as well as others, by comparing them with self-reports using a parent-child matched sample from China; and (b) explore the possible reasons underlying any disagreement between the parental and adolescent reports. A total of 2,624 parent-adolescent pairs were recruited during 2009 and 2010 in 6 cities in China. Parents were asked to report the victimization experiences of their child using of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, and these reports were matched with the adolescents' self-reports of victimization. Low levels of parent-adolescent agreement in reporting were found (Cohen's kappa=.04-.29). Except for sexual violence, parents were significantly less likely to report all types of victimization. Overall, lower levels of agreement were found in the reporting of (a) less severe types of victimization, (b) victimization outside the family, and (c) victimization involving parents as perpetrators. Intimate partner violence between parents was significantly associated with discrepancies between reports. The findings suggest that parents might not be reliable as a single source of information on certain types of adolescent victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schneider W, MacKenzie M, Waldfogel J, Brooks-Gunn J. Parent and Child Reporting of Corporal Punishment: New Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2015; 8:347-358. [PMID: 28386302 PMCID: PMC5380381 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-014-9258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on parent and child reporting of corporal punishment, drawing on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study of families in 20 medium to large US cities. In separate interviews, 9 year olds and their mothers (N=1,180 families) were asked about the frequency of corporal punishment in the past year. Mothers and children were asked questions with slightly different response categorize which are harmonized in our analysis. Overall, children reported more high frequency corporal punishment (spanking or other physical punishment more than 10 times per year) than their mothers did; this discrepancy was seen in both African-American and Hispanic families (but not White families), and was evident for both boys and girls. These results suggest that reporting of frequency of corporal punishment is sensitive to the identity of the reporter and that in particular child reports may reveal more high frequency punishment than maternal reports do. However, predictors of high frequency punishment were similar regardless of reporter identity; in both cases, risk of high frequency punishment was higher when the child was African-American or had high previous levels of behavior problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Teacher's College and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee SJ, Altschul I, Gershoff ET. Wait until your father gets home? Mother's and fathers' spanking and development of child aggression. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2015; 52:158-166. [PMID: 34446976 PMCID: PMC8386334 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether fathers' and mothers' spanking contributed to development of child aggression in the first 5 years of life. We selected parents (N =1,298) who were married or cohabiting across all waves of data collection. Cross-lagged path models examined fathers', mothers', and both parents' within-time and longitudinal associations between spanking and child aggression when the child was 1, 3, and 5 years of age. Results indicated that mothers spanked more than fathers. When examining fathers only, fathers' spanking was not associated with subsequent child aggression. When examining both parents concurrently, only mothers' spanking was predictive of subsequent child aggression. We found no evidence of multiplicative effects when testing interactions examining whether frequent spanking by either fathers or mothers was predictive of increases in children's aggression. This study suggests that the processes linking spanking to child aggression differ for mothers and fathers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim J, Lee SJ, Taylor CA, Guterman N. Dyadic Profiles of Parental Disciplinary Behavior and Links With Parenting Context. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2014; 19:79-91. [PMID: 24742685 DOI: 10.1177/1077559514532009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Using data from couples (N = 1,195) who participated in a large community-based study of families, we used maternal reports of parental discipline to examine mothers' and fathers' use of and patterns related to aggressive and nonviolent discipline of their 3-year-old child. First, we separately examined mothers' and fathers' patterns, or classes, of disciplinary behaviors. Second, we identified joint mother-father class profiles. Maternal reports indicated that the patterns among fathers and mothers were similar, but fathers were more likely to be in the low-aggression classes than mothers; and mothers were more likely to be in the high-aggression classes than fathers. Dyads in which both parents employed high levels of aggressive discipline were characterized by higher parenting stress, poorer parental relationship, and lower quality community context. The majority (81.2%) of dyads used congruent disciplinary behaviors. Discordant dyads were similar to dyads in which both parents were high in aggressive discipline, in that these groups had children with the highest levels of aggressive behavior. Implications highlight the need to target both mothers and fathers with parent education efforts to reinforce positive parenting.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee SJ, Taylor CA, Altschul I, Rice JC. Parental Spanking and Subsequent Risk for Child Aggression in Father-Involved Families of Young Children. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2013; 35:1476-1485. [PMID: 24019558 PMCID: PMC3765035 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by either mother or father, was associated with increased child aggression at 5 years. In combined analyses, there was a dose-response association; the greatest risk for child aggression was reported when both parents spanked more than twice in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio: 2.01; [confidence interval: 1.03-3.94]). Violence prevention initiatives should target and engage mothers and fathers in anticipatory guidance efforts aimed at increasing the use of effective and non-aggressive child discipline techniques and reducing the use of spanking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawna J. Lee
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work & Research Center for Group Dynamics, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106, Office: 734-763-6565, Fax: 734-763-3372
| | - Catherine A. Taylor
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Office: 504-988-0292, Fax: 504-988-3540
| | - Inna Altschul
- University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work Office: 303-871-4243 Fax: 303-871-2845
| | - Janet C. Rice
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Biostatistics
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee SJ, Taylor CA, Bellamy JL. Paternal depression and risk for child neglect in father-involved families of young children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2012; 36:461-9. [PMID: 22633873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of paternal depression with risk for parental neglect of young children. STUDY DESIGN The sample was derived from a birth cohort study of 1,089 families in which both biological parents resided in the home when the target child was 3- and 5-years old. Prospective analyses examined the contribution of paternal and maternal parenting risks (e.g., depression, alcohol use, and parenting stress) to the incidence of neglect of the target child. Models accounted for a comprehensive set of factors associated with parental child neglect in 2-parent families, including quality of the parental relationship, household economic conditions, and paternal demographic characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 12% of families reported at least 1 instance of neglect; 10% of fathers were depressed when their child was 3-years old. Rates of paternal and maternal depression were twice as high in families in which child neglect was present. Paternal depression when a child was 3-years old was associated with increased odds of child neglect at age 5 [adjusted odds ratio: 1.94 (95% confidence interval: 1.18-3.19); P<.01]. Father-related risks for neglect remained statistically significant after accounting for strong, significant effects of maternal parenting risks, including maternal depression, and household economic hardship. Paternal parenting stress was also associated with heightened risk for neglect, although only at the level of marginal significance after accounting for maternal parenting risks [adjusted odds ratio: 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 0.97-2.04); P=.075]. CONCLUSIONS Screening fathers for parenting risks such as depression during well-baby visits and social work intervention to facilitate fathers' help-seeking behaviors related to treatment of depression may help to prevent and reduce risk of neglect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawna J Lee
- School of Social Work and Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee SJ, Altschul I, Shair SR, Taylor CA. Hispanic Fathers and Risk for Maltreatment in Father-Involved Families of Young Children. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL WORK AND RESEARCH 2011; 2:125-142. [PMID: 22624074 PMCID: PMC3357397 DOI: 10.5243/jsswr.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Hispanic population is the fastest growing segment of U.S. population. However, risks for child maltreatment in the foreign-born and native-born Hispanic populations are largely understudied. To address this knowledge gap, we explore the association of sociodemographic factors, psychosocial parenting factors, and nativity status with Hispanic fathers' aggression toward their young children (3 to 5 years). Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and the follow-up In-Home Longitudinal Study of Pre-School Aged Children, we examine data for 372 foreign-born (FB; n = 155) and native-born (NB; n = 217) Hispanic biological fathers residing in the home when the study target child was 3 years old. Results of analysis at the bivariate level show FB Hispanic fathers engage in fewer aggressive behaviors than NB Hispanic, White, or Black fathers. Time-lagged path models of Hispanic fathers show FB Hispanic fathers use less aggression than NB Hispanic fathers. Length of time in the United States was not associated with parenting aggression. Path models also examine paternal psychosocial factors such as alcohol use, depression, parenting stress, and involvement in caregiving, and control for the child's aggressive behavior. Results suggest one reason Hispanic children do not face heightened risk for child welfare involvement, despite socioeconomic risks, is that FB Hispanic fathers use less aggression toward their young children. An implication of this finding is that socioeconomic and parenting behavior risks must be considered separately when practitioners are considering issues related to the representation of minority children in the child welfare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawna J. Lee
- Assistant professor at the School of Social Work and faculty affiliate at the Merrill-Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University
| | - Inna Altschul
- Assistant professor at the Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver
| | - Sarah R. Shair
- Doctoral student in the Department of Psychology, Wayne State University
| | - Catherine A. Taylor
- Assistant professor at the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University
| |
Collapse
|