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Ranu J, Kalebic N, Melendez-Torres GJ, Taylor PJ. Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and a Combination of Psychosis and Violence Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2997-3013. [PMID: 36117458 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221122818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Relationships have been well established between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later psychosis (29 systematic reviews) or violence (4 systematic reviews). To date, just one review has explored childhood maltreatment, specifically, and violence risk with psychosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of a wider range of ACEs and later psychosis with actual violence compared with psychosis alone, violence alone or neither, completing searches in January 2021. In all, 15 studies met inclusion criteria, but only six included all four groups of interest. Two substantial studies recorded ACEs from sources independent of those affected and probably before emergent psychosis or violence; others relied on retrospective recall. Meta-analyses were possible only for within-psychosis-group comparisons; histories of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and having a criminal/violent parent or living with family alcohol/drug use were each associated with around twice the odds of psychosis with violence as psychosis alone. Although ACE measures in the four-way comparisons were too divergent for firm conclusions, abuse histories, and parental criminality emerged as likely antecedents, one study evidencing psychosis as mediating between ACEs and violence. Without longitudinal prospective study, pathways between ACEs and later problems remain unclear. Our findings add weight to the case for exploring ACEs in addition to abuse as possible indicators of later violence among people with psychosis and for trauma-informed interventions, which is important because some people are reluctant to disclose abuse histories.
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Yang T, Luo X, Cui X, Wu S, He Y, Lu J. Prevalence of co-occurring severe depression and psychotic symptoms in college students and its relationship with childhood maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106470. [PMID: 37748208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with an increased risk of depression and psychotic symptoms. However, there is still a lack of studies on the prevalence of co-occurring severe depression and psychotic symptoms (CSDPS) and the association between CM and CSDPS among college students. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the prevalence and demographic distribution of CSDPS among Chinese college students and to examine its relationship with CM. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 7351 college students aged 18 and above completed the survey. Finally, 6854 valid questionnaires were included for further analysis. METHODS The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the item for witnessing domestic violence were used to assess the CM. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 and the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress-21 scale were used to assess psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of CSDPS was 1.47 % among the college students. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with an increased risk of CSDPS (all p < 0.05). The risk of CSDPS was dramatically increased for individuals who had experienced ≥3 types of CM (OR = 22.929, p < 0.001), as compared to those who had experienced 1-2 types of CM (OR = 4.452, p < 0.001) and those without the experience of CM. CONCLUSION CM was found to be associated with an increased risk of CSDPS among the college students. Notably, experiencing more types of CM was also associated with a higher risk of CSDPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The First Clinical College, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518003, China.
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Doku PN. Child maltreatment and associated sociodemographic factors among children affected by HIV/AIDS in Ghana: a multi-informant perspective. AIDS Care 2023; 35:106-113. [PMID: 35465790 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2067310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTChild maltreatment is considered a major public health concern among children because they can cause significant physical and psychological problems. Child maltreatment is widespread but often underestimated. Surprisingly, there is hardly any data on child maltreatment and any associated sociodemographic factors children affected by HIV/AIDS in low-income countries. This study employed cross-sectional, quantitative survey that involved 291 children aged 10-17 years and their caregivers in the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana and examined their exposure to and experience of child maltreatment. The results show that at least one form of maltreatment was reported by approximately 90% of the children, and it was significantly higher among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) as compared with comparison children. Older age, frequent changes in residence, non-schooling and living with many siblings are associated with child maltreatment. The results demonstrate that maltreatment among children affected by HIV/AIDS are not rare, and that the dysfunction family conditions that they find themselves bear systemic risks for maltreatment. It is important that culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions are implemented to address the maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Narh Doku
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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4
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Chen H, Zhou H, Zhang M, Chen C, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Childhood emotional abuse and motor impulsiveness among male violent inmates with antisocial personality disorder. Personal Ment Health 2022; 16:350-360. [PMID: 35768849 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship among childhood maltreatment, impulsiveness and antisocial personality through a questionnaire survey of violent male inmates. We found that the scores of inmates with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Barratt Impulsive Scale-11 (BIS-11) were higher than those in the Non-Antisocial personality group, and there was a significant correlation between the scores of CTQ-SF and BIS-11. We found that the interaction between impulsivity and childhood abuse predicts ASPD levels. Moreover, motor and non-planning impulsiveness played important roles in the observed differences in antisocial personality scores among the inmates who had experienced childhood maltreatment; motor impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, while non-planning impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional neglect and physical neglect. These findings suggest that identifying and providing timely intervention for inmates with high impulsiveness who experienced maltreatment in childhood may also contribute to the prevention of violent behavior and to better prison management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huabin Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Abboud C, Kossaify M, El Khoury N, Sleiman YB, Hachem D, Haddad G, Hallit S. Child abuse and aggressiveness in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in Lebanon. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2872-2880. [PMID: 35767392 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify individual and clinical risk factors of aggressiveness, including exposure to different forms of childhood trauma, in a sample of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 131 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS Higher physical (Beta = 0.24, p < 0.001) and sexual (Beta = 0.29, p = 0.003) abuse, alcohol drinking (Beta = 1.46, p = 0.008), having a history of head trauma (Beta = 1.10, p = 0.041), and male gender (Beta = -1.59, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with higher mean aggression scores. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Our investigation of the factors linked to aggressiveness in patients with schizophrenia complement those of earlier findings, showing that the relationship between interacting individual and environmental risk factors and later aggressiveness is quite complex, and needs further longitudinal and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cedric Abboud
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Mikhael Kossaify
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Nour El Khoury
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Yara Bou Sleiman
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Dory Hachem
- Research and Psychiatry Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Georges Haddad
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Research and Psychiatry Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Research and Psychiatry Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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The Maltreatment–Aggression Link among Prosecuted Males: What about Psychopathy? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159584. [PMID: 35954941 PMCID: PMC9367800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Criminal offenders constitute a high-risk sample regarding experiences of childhood maltreatment and engagement in severe aggression. Moreover, psychopathic traits are more common in samples of offenders than non-offenders. Although research has underlined the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult aggression, the influence of psychopathy on this link is still unclear. We examined the dynamics of maltreatment, aggression, and psychopathy in a mixed sample of 239 male violent, sexual, and other offenders using latent factor structural equation modeling. We found a consistent positive association of maltreatment with aggression. Psychopathy did not mediate this relation. Maltreatment was not associated with psychopathy, although psychopathy had a positive effect on aggressive behavior. These dynamics appeared similar for violent, sexual, and other offenders. However, latent variables were constructed somewhat differently depending on the offender status. For instance, sexual abuse appeared to be of specific importance in sexual offenders. Violent offenders showed high rates of psychopathy compared to sexual and other offenders. The current findings may inspire future research to focus more closely on the different subtypes of psychopathy when examining its role in the prediction of aggression based on childhood maltreatment. Moreover, childhood maltreatment must not be neglected in treatment and prevention approaches aimed at reducing the risk of aggressive behavior.
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7
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Salo M, Appleton AA, Tracy M. Childhood Adversity Trajectories and Violent Behaviors in Adolescence and Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP13978-NP14007. [PMID: 33858246 PMCID: PMC8521560 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211006366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Violence and other antisocial behaviors, including fighting and weapon carrying, are highly prevalent among adolescents but usually decrease in young adulthood. Childhood adversities, including exposure to abuse, intimate partner violence, and household substance use and mental health problems, have been linked to violent behaviors in adolescence and adulthood. However, few studies of childhood adversity as determinants of persistent violent behavior among community-based samples have been conducted. Furthermore, the effects of adversity timing and duration on subsequent violent behaviors are unclear. We examined the association between five childhood adversity trajectories (representing stable-low, stable-mild, decreasing, increasing, and stable-high adversity from birth through age 11.5 years) and physical fighting and weapon carrying at ages 13-20 years among a sample of young adults followed continuously since birth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 9,665). The prevalence of violent behaviors declined sharply as participants aged (e.g., whereas 42.8% reported engaging in physical fighting in the past year at ages 13-15 years, this dropped to 10.4% at ages 17-20 years). Childhood adversity trajectories exhibited a strong dose-response relation with physical fighting and weapon carrying, with particularly pronounced relations for violent behaviors persisting across both adolescence and early adulthood (e.g., for physical fighting at both ages 13-15 years and 17-20 years compared to no fighting at either period, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-2.00 for stable-mild; aOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.64-3.33 for decreasing; aOR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.20-4.60 for increasing; and aOR = 3.73, 95% CI = 2.13-6.52 for stable-high adversity, compared to stable-low adversity). This work highlights the substantial implications of exposure to childhood adversity for youth violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Salo
- University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, USA
| | - Allison A. Appleton
- University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, USA
| | - Melissa Tracy
- University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, USA
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8
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Harris CE, Allbaugh LJ, Kaslow NJ. Childhood Physical Abuse and Antisocial Traits: Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Clusters. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:249-259. [PMID: 35600521 PMCID: PMC9120298 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with both childhood physical abuse (CPA) and antisocial (AS) traits, yet their potential as mediators of the CPA-AS traits link is understudied and the specific roles of individual symptom clusters in this relation is unknown. The current study aimed to examine the mediational role of PTSS in the relation between CPA and AS traits in a sample of low-income African American women with histories of intimate partner violence (IPV). It was hypothesized that avoidance would emerge as a significant mediator, whereas reexperiencing, numbing, and hyperarousal would not. Participants (N = 150) were recruited from a level-1 trauma public hospital and evaluated as part of a randomized controlled trial of a group therapy intervention for low-income, African American women suicide attempters with histories of IPV. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), and International Personality Disorder Examination-Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ) were used to measure variables of interest. Using bootstrapping analyses, a parallel mediation model compared PTSS clusters as potential mediators of the CPA-AS traits relation, controlling for IPV. When reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal were entered simultaneously as potential mediators, only avoidance emerged as a significant mediator of the CPA-AS traits link. Avoidance symptoms may play a unique role in the link between early experiences of CPA and later AS traits among multiply traumatized African American women. Findings have implications for understanding AS traits in the context of early life trauma and suggest that targeting specific PTSS clusters (e.g., avoidance) may improve treatment outcomes for women in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Harris
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524 W. 59th Street, New York, NY 10019 USA
| | | | - Nadine J. Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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9
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Lee KA, Bright CL, Betz G. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Alcohol Use in Adulthood, and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Perpetration by Black Men: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:372-389. [PMID: 32873225 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020953101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social and public health problem in the United States. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and alcohol use have been found to be associated with IPV perpetration; however, limited studies have examined the interrelationships of these variables among Black men. This is the first known study to systematically review and synthesize studies on the interrelationships of ACEs, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration among Black men. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed and six EBSCOhost databases by a research librarian and two researchers. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria: empirical; available in English; included ACEs, alcohol use/substance abuse, and IPV perpetration variables in the analyses; and samples included Black/African American male IPV perpetrators aged ≥ 18 years. ACEs were found to be associated with IPV perpetration among Black men, but findings were mixed regarding the role of alcohol in relation to ACEs and IPV. Numerous ACE factors (1-6) were used across studies. However, findings regarding the co-occurrence of ACE factors are inconclusive because none of the studies examined the cumulative effects of exposure to more than one type of ACE on subsequent IPV perpetration. Implications for policy, practice, and research related to the interrelationships of ACEs, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration are provided. Future work is needed to better explicate the interrelationships among these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Human Development and Quantitative Methodology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Gail Betz
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Tiwari A, Andrews K, Casey R, Liu A, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A. Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Mental Health, and Police Contact in Adulthood: Findings From a National Canadian Sample. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8741-8767. [PMID: 31161854 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519851789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between three subtypes of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence) and two forms of adult police contact (criminality, victimization) using nationally representative Canadian data. Presence of a mental health disorder was also explored as a potential mediating variable in these associations. The weighted sample included 23,846 adult participants from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. Logistic and multinomial regression analyses examined associations among individual and multiple exposures to subtypes of childhood maltreatment with police contact. The Sobel test was used to assess the mediating effect of mental health disorders. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, results indicated that all maltreatment subtypes were significantly associated with increased odds of both forms of police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.06 to 2.95). Presence of a mental health disorder was a partial mediator in the associations between child maltreatment and both forms of adult police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.52 to 2.32). In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed for victimization; as the number of subtypes of maltreatment increased, there was an incremental increase in risk of victimization. Future efforts are needed to prioritize child maltreatment prevention, trauma-informed approaches, mental health awareness, and training in law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Epidemiology of knife carrying among young British men. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1555-1563. [PMID: 33502562 PMCID: PMC8429363 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knife carrying has caused considerable public concern in the UK. But little is known of the epidemiology and characteristics of men who carry knives. We investigated associations with socioeconomic deprivation, area-level factors, and psychiatric morbidity. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys of 5005 British men, 18-34 years, oversampling Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) men, lower social grades, and in London Borough of Hackney and Glasgow East. Participants completed questionnaires covering violent behaviour and psychiatric morbidity using standardised self-report instruments. Socioeconomic deprivation measured at small area level. RESULTS Prevalence of knife carrying was 5.5% (4.8-6.9) and similar among white and BME subgroups. However, prevalence was twice the national rate in Glasgow East, and four times higher among Black men in Hackney, both areas with high levels of background violence and gang activity. Knife carrying was associated with multiple social problems, attitudes encouraging violence, and psychiatric morbidity, including antisocial personality disorder (AOR 9.94 95% CI 7.28-13.56), drug dependence (AOR 2.96 95% CI 1.90-4.66), and paranoid ideation (AOR 6.05 95% CI 4.47-8.19). There was no evidence of a linear relationship with socioeconomic deprivation. CONCLUSION Men who carry knives represent an important public health problem with high levels of health service use. It is not solely a criminal justice issue. Rates are increased in areas where street gangs are active. Contact with the criminal justice system provides opportunity for targeted violence prevention interventions involving engagement with integrated psychiatric, substance misuse, and criminal justice agencies.
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12
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Storvestre GB, Jensen A, Bjerke E, Tesli N, Rosaeg C, Friestad C, Andreassen OA, Melle I, Haukvik UK. Childhood Trauma in Persons With Schizophrenia and a History of Interpersonal Violence. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:383. [PMID: 32431632 PMCID: PMC7214725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis as well for violent behavior and offending later in life. Childhood trauma comprises subdomains of abuse and neglect that may be differently related to later violence among patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to map the subdomains of childhood trauma associated with violent offending in schizophrenia. METHODS Information on childhood trauma from predominantly male patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and a history of violent offending (interpersonal violence) (SCZ-V, n = 19), schizophrenia patients without a history of violence (SCZ-NV, n = 34), and healthy controls (HC, n = 66) was obtained with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Differences between groups in total maltreatment scores and the five subdomains including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect were analyzed. RESULTS SCZ-V had the highest median CTQ scores for all sub-domains. SCZ-V reported significantly higher total CTQ scores than SCZ-NV and HC. SCZ-V had significantly higher scores than HC on all subdomains, and significantly higher than SCZ-NV on physical and emotional neglect. SCZ-NV had higher scores on all domains except sexual abuse compared to HC. CONCLUSION SCZ-V patients had higher exposure to childhood trauma than SCZ-NV, and both schizophrenia groups had higher exposure than HC. The results suggest that childhood physical and emotional neglect may be of specific importance to later violence in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvid Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Espen Bjerke
- Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- NORMENT, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cato Rosaeg
- Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Christine Friestad
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, University College of Norwegian Correctional Service, Lillestrøm, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- NORMENT, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Keiski P, Helminen M, Lindroos M, Kommeri H, Paavilainen E. Female-perpetrated family violence—Effectiveness of a psychodynamic group intervention. Health Care Women Int 2019; 40:328-344. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1548622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Keiski
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- School of Health Care, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Helminen
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Diehl A, Clemente J, Pillon SC, Santana PRH, da Silva CJ, Mari JDJ. Early childhood maltreatment experience and later sexual behavior in Brazilian adults undergoing treatment for substance dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:199-207. [PMID: 30540023 PMCID: PMC6794126 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of early childhood maltreatment and associations with later sexual behavior among adult substance users. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 134 substance dependents who sought outpatient care in São Paulo, Brazil. Childhood trauma prevalence was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST), drug of choice (DOC), and sexual behavior were also investigated. Results: The sample was composed predominantly of single adult males (76.1%), with alcohol as the DOC (73.9%). Experiences of emotional neglect (88.1%), emotional abuse (80.6%), physical neglect (78.4%), physical abuse (64.2%), and sexual abuse (31.3%) were prevalent. Women were more likely to have been sexually abused (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.15-7.61) and physically abused (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.31-10.6) in childhood. Those who were sexually abused in adulthood were more likely to have suffered physical abuse in childhood (OR 6.9, 95%CI 1.45-11.8). The odds of having been sexually abused in childhood were higher among subjects who reported to have exchanged sexual favors for drugs (OR 5.7, 95%CI 1.35-9.64) and to have been sexually abused in adulthood (OR 6.1, 95%CI 5.2-12.36). Conclusion: Physical and sexual abuse in childhood are highly prevalent in substance-dependent adults, and are associated with sexual revictimization and high-risk sexual behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Diehl
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jales Clemente
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Pillon
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Colaborador da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS)/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio J da Silva
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de J Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Mishra AA, Christ SL, Schwab-Reese LM, Nair N. Post-traumatic stress symptom development as a function of changing witnessing in-home violence and changing peer relationship quality: Evaluating protective effects of peer relationship quality. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:332-342. [PMID: 29793148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, witnessing in-home violence and peer relationship quality are evaluated as to their relative impact on Post Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms among children aged 8 to 17 investigated by child protective services (CPS) for maltreatment exposure. The sample included 2151 children from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II (NSCAW II). Linear growth models were estimated to assess associations between changes in PTS symptoms, witnessing in-home violence, and peer relationship quality over time. Greater frequency of witnessing in-home violence at baseline (i.e. wave 1) was associated with higher baseline PTS symptoms (β = 0.44). Increases in witnessing in-home violence frequency over time (average annual change across three years) had a strong association with increases in PTS symptoms over time (β = 0.88). Baseline peer relationship quality was associated with fewer PTS symptoms at baseline (β = -0.45). Increases in peer relationship quality over time were strongly associated with declines in PTS symptoms over time (β = -0.68). Peer relationship quality at baseline did not moderate baseline or over time associations between witnessing in-home violence and PTS symptoms. The average decline in PTS symptoms due to decreases in witnessing in-home violence and increases in peer relationship quality was 0.51 and 0.65 standard deviations respectively, over the three-year study period. Reducing chronic witnessing in-home violence and promoting the development of healthy social relationships with peers are critical for PTS symptom recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura A Mishra
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Sharon L Christ
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Laura M Schwab-Reese
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nayantara Nair
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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16
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Zatti C, Rosa V, Barros A, Valdivia L, Calegaro VC, Freitas LH, Ceresér KMM, Rocha NSD, Bastos AG, Schuch FB. Childhood trauma and suicide attempt: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies from the last decade. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:353-358. [PMID: 28683433 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) is a modifiable risk factor for lifetime suicide attempts (SA). However, the extent to which each type of CT increases SA risk is unclear. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies published in the last 10 years about the relationship between CT and lifetime SA risk. The PUBMED, PsycINFO, ISI, and EMBASE databases were searched for cohort studies that reported AS during follow-up and included an assessment of CT. A meta-analysis was conducted to identify potential effects of each type of CT on SA. Seven unique studies were included for review. Sexual (n=6, OR=3.73, 95%CI 2.94-4.75, p<0.001), physical (n=6, OR=4.11, 95%CI 2.30-7.33, p<0.001), and emotional abuse (n=3, OR=3.98, 95%CI 2.89-5.64, p<0.001), as well as physical neglect (n=2, OR=3.42, 95%CI 2.09-5.59, p<0.001), were associated with SA. Emotional neglect and a broken home were not significantly associated with further SA. The modes of CT that most contribute to SA in later life are physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and physical neglect, in descending order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleonice Zatti
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Virgínia Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alcina Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Valdivia
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Crestani Calegaro
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Keila Maria Mendes Ceresér
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Neusa Sica da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andre Goettems Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Wang X, Yang L, Gao L, Yang J, Lei L, Wang C. Childhood maltreatment and Chinese adolescents' bullying and defending: The mediating role of moral disengagement. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 69:134-144. [PMID: 28460368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the mediating role of moral disengagement in the effect of childhood maltreatment on bullying and defending. We also examined whether the mediating effect of moral disengagement differed between girls and boys, early and middle adolescents, as well as only and non-only children. Five hundred and fifty-two Chinese adolescents participated in this study. The results indicated that the prevalence rates of physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect were 4.0%, 40.0%, 10.5%, and 27.9%, respectively. Path analysis showed that moral disengagement partially mediated the relation between childhood maltreatment and bullying, but did not mediate the relation between childhood maltreatment and defending. Moreover, multi-group analyses indicated that no significant path in the final model differed by gender. However, early adolescents exposed to high levels of childhood maltreatment were more likely to engage in bullying and less likely to engage in defending than middle adolescents, and early adolescents with high levels of moral disengagement were more likely to engage in bullying than middle adolescents. Compared to non-only children, only children exposed to high levels of childhood maltreatment were more likely to score higher on moral disengagement and less likely to engage in defending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Wang
- The Center of Internet+Social Psychology, Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ling Gao
- School of Education Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- School of Education Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Lei
- The Center of Internet+Social Psychology, Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Caiyu Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinyang Normal University, No. 237 Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang 464000, China
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18
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Abajobir AA, Kisely S, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, Najman JM. Substantiated Childhood Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Young Adulthood: A Birth Cohort Study. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:165-179. [PMID: 27624702 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the associations between various types of childhood maltreatment and multiple forms of intimate partner violence victimization in early adulthood. This study examines the extent to which childhood experiences of maltreatment increase the risk for intimate partner violence victimization in early adulthood. Data for the present study are from 3322 young adults (55 % female) of the Mater Hospital-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy with the mean age of 20.6 years. The Mater Hospital-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy is a prospective Australian pre-birth cohort study of mothers consecutively recruited during their first antenatal clinic visit at Brisbane's Mater Hospital from 1981 through to 1983. Participants completed the Composite Abuse Scale at 21-year follow-up and linked this dataset to agency recorded substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment. In adjusted models, the odds of reporting emotional intimate partner violence victimization were 1.84, 2.64 and 3.19 times higher in physically abused, neglected and emotionally abused children, respectively. Similarly, the odds of physical intimate partner violence victimization were 1.76, 2.31, 2.74 and 2.76 times higher in those children who had experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional abuse, respectively. Harassment was 1.63 times higher in emotionally abused children. The odds of severe combined abuse were 3.97 and 4.62 times greater for emotionally abused and neglected children, respectively. The strongest associations involved reports of child emotional abuse and neglect and multiple forms of intimate partner violence victimization in young adulthood. Childhood maltreatment is a chronic adversity that is associated with specific and multiple forms of intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Alemu Abajobir
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Gail Marilyn Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Jackob Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Center, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
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19
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González RA, Igoumenou A, Kallis C, Coid JW. Borderline personality disorder and violence in the UK population: categorical and dimensional trait assessment. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:180. [PMID: 27255770 PMCID: PMC4891918 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterised by difficulties with impulse control and affective dysregulation. It is unclear whether BPD contributes to the perpetration of violence or whether this is explained by comorbidity. We explored independent associations between categorical and dimensional representations of BPD and violence in the general population, and differential associations from individual BPD criteria. METHODS We used a representative combined sample of 14,753 men and women from two British national surveys of adults (≥16 years). BPD was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview II- Questionnaire. We measured self-reported violent behaviour in the past 5 years, including severity, victims and locations of incidents. Associations for binary, dimensional and trait-level exposures were performed using weighted logistic regression, adjusted for demography and comorbid psychopathology. RESULTS Categorical diagnosis of BPD was associated only with intimate partner violence (IPV). Associations with serious violence leading to injuries and repetitive violence were better explained by comorbid substance misuse, anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). However, anger and impulsivity BPD items were independently associated with most violent outcomes including severity, repetition and injury; suicidal behaviours and affective instability were not associated with violence. Both trait-level and severity-dimensional analyses showed that BPD symptoms might impact males and females differently in terms of violence. CONCLUSIONS For individuals diagnosed BPD, violence is better explained by comorbidity. However, BPD individual traits show different pathways to violence at the population level. Gender differences in BPD traits and their severity indicate distinct, underlying mechanisms towards violence. BPD and traits should be evaluated in perpetrators of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A González
- Centre for Mental Health, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Artemis Igoumenou
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Constantinos Kallis
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy W Coid
- Violence Prevention Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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