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Xiang Y, Zhou Y. Bidirectional relations between altruistic tendency and benign/malicious envy among adolescents: A longitudinal study and weekly diary study. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:765-773. [PMID: 36939085 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Altruism is a prosocial tendency that has developed through long-term evolutionary selection. The present study adopts social comparison and evolutionary psychology theories to examine how benign/malicious envy can affect altruism and how altruism can affect the two types of envy in turn, respectively. In Study 1, 513 adolescents participated in a three-wave longitudinal survey to explore the relationships between dispositional altruistic tendency and dispositional benign/malicious envy. The cross-lagged analysis showed a long-term and stable negative bidirectional relationship between dispositional altruistic tendency and dispositional malicious envy and a short-term positive bidirectional relationship between dispositional altruism and dispositional benign envy. In Study 2, 109 adolescents kept a weekly diary for seven consecutive weeks to record state levels of altruistic tendency and benign/malicious envy in their daily lives. The hierarchical linear model demonstrated that weekly altruistic tendency and weekly benign envy could positively predict each other, and weekly altruistic tendency presented a negative bidirectional relationship with weekly malicious envy. These findings offer an effective way to study the relationship between human behavior and emotions from perspectives of social comparison and evolutionary psychology theories. Meanwhile, it also has practical significance for the harmonious development of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- School of Teacher Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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2
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Kwok SYCL, Jiang J, Fang S. Presence of meaning in life and meaning confusion mediate the effects of adverse childhood experiences on mental health among university students. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:179-197. [PMID: 37524657 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored meaning in life as a mediator between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health. This study examined the protective and risk factors associated with meaning in life, as they mediate the effect of ACEs on mental health. The sample was 293 university students in Hong Kong (mean age = 21 years). The results of analyses based on three-wave longitudinal data and structural equation modeling demonstrated that the presence of meaning mediated the negative association between ACEs and happiness, and that meaning confusion mediated the positive association between ACEs and depression and anxiety. This study provides evidence that the presence of meaning may play a protective role and that meaning confusion may be a risk factor for the effects of ACEs on mental health. This study's results have implications for the development of prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate the detrimental impact of ACEs and promote mental health in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y C L Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siqi Fang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Gao H, Liu Q, Wang Z. Different adverse childhood experiences and adolescents' altruism: The mediating role of life history strategy. J Adolesc 2024; 96:5-17. [PMID: 37718625 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study sought to investigate whether the relationship between childhood trauma, childhood socioeconomic (SES), and adolescents' altruism were mediated by their life history strategies and different adverse childhood experiences may function diversely on altruism, with two waves of data collected 6 months apart in a longitudinal design among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A total of 658 adolescents (Mage = 13.51, SD = 0.73 at T1) were recruited and completed the online survey; their life history strategies were measured by the Mini-K, the Delayed of Gratification Questionnaire (DOG), and the Chinese version of the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire (ARQ-RB) together, and their altruism was collected again after six months. RESULTS After controlling for gender and their altruism at T1, the results showed that childhood trauma (i.e., emotional maltreatment, physical maltreatment), as well as low SES and fast life history strategy, were significantly negatively correlated with adolescents' altruism at T2. Importantly, life history strategy at T1 mediated the relationship between T1 emotional maltreatment, T1 low SES, and adolescents' altruism at T2. However, the effect of physical maltreatment on altruism was not mediated by life history strategy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that emotional maltreatment and low SES can affect adolescents' altruism by influencing the formation of adolescents' life history strategies. The findings revealed the different influences of adverse childhood experiences on adolescents' altruism, which supplied new empirical evidence for the life history theory and provided certain reference values for cultivating adolescents' altruism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Gao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Gao T, Mei S, Cao H, Liang L, Zhou C, Meng X. Parental Psychological Aggression and Phubbing in Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:1012-1020. [PMID: 36588435 PMCID: PMC9806507 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the mediated moderation effect underlying the association between parental psychological aggression and phubbing, as well as the mediating role of anxiety and moderating role of sex and grade. METHODS Based on a cross-sectional study, a total of 758 Chinese junior high school students had completed measures on socio-demographic characteristics, parental psychological aggression, anxiety and phubbing. Structural equation modeling was adopted to examine the mediating effect of anxiety on the association between parental psychological aggression and phubbing. Multigroup analyses were conducted to explore whether the path coefficients differed by sex and grade. RESULTS Mediation analysis indicated that anxiety could mediate the association between parental psychological aggression and phubbing. The indirect effect of parental psychological aggression on phubbing via anxiety was 0.12. Multigroup analyses revealed that the higher mediation effect of anxiety was more likely to be reported by boys and students from grade eight. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study may inform prevention and intervention programs for phubbing in adolescents exposed to parental psychological aggression, by decreasing the anxiety and adopting selective strategies for different sex and grade groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Songli Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Qc, Canada
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Liu L, Zhai P, Wang M. Parental Harsh Discipline and Migrant Children's Anxiety in China: The Moderating Role of Parental Warmth and Gender. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP18761-NP18783. [PMID: 34399600 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211037580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the moderating effects of both parents' warmth in the relations between parental harsh discipline (psychological aggression and corporal punishment) and migrant children's anxiety and parent and child gender differences in the moderating mechanism in Chinese society. This study used a sample of 477 elementary school-age children and both their parents in Chinese migrant families. We constructed a Structural Equation Model to explore the relation between parental harsh discipline (psychological aggression and corporal punishment) and migrant children's anxiety and the moderating role of parental warmth. Our findings revealed that maternal but not paternal psychological aggression was found to significantly predict boys' anxiety. Moreover, maternal warmth exacerbated the relations between paternal corporal punishment and girls' anxiety. The findings provide partial support for the "healthy context paradox" and highlight the importance of considering how the broader family emotional context may interact with parental harsh discipline to influence child adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Positive parenting, attachment, epistemic curiosity, and competence motivation of preschool children in Hong Kong: A serial mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kwok SYCL, Gu M, Kwok K. Childhood emotional abuse and adolescent flourishing: A moderated mediation model of self-compassion and curiosity. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105629. [PMID: 35439629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience and positive mental health may be negatively influenced by childhood maltreatment. While many scholars have noted that adolescents exposed to childhood emotional abuse could meet the criteria for flourishing, little research has investigated the mediating effect of self-compassion and the moderating effect of curiosity on the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adolescent flourishing. OBJECTIVE This study proposed and tested a moderated mediation model that attempted to explain the pathway from childhood emotional abuse to adolescent flourishing. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consisted of 315 female students (mean age 12.81 years, range 12-14 years) in a girls' secondary school in Hong Kong, China. METHODS We conducted a three-wave study with six-month intervals. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires at school under the guidance of trained research assistants. RESULTS Self-compassion at Time 2 mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse at Time 1 and adolescent flourishing at Time 3. Furthermore, the mediating effect was moderated by adolescent curiosity at Time 1 and Time 2. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggested that although childhood emotional abuse may hinder the development of self-compassion, reduced levels of self-compassion and curiosity (especially the stretch dimension of curiosity) could work together to promote flourishing in adolescents with a history of childhood emotional abuse. The results lent further support to the developmental psychopathology and resilience perspectives in explaining the relationship between childhood trauma and positive developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y C L Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Minmin Gu
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 555 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kim Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Kwok SYCL, Fang S. A longitudinal study of the impact of parental discipline on wellbeing among primary school students in China: The roles of school attachment and growth mindset. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 124:105435. [PMID: 34952459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various parental disciplinary strategies may have different impacts on children's wellbeing. Protective factors, such as school attachment and a growth mindset, may mitigate the influence of harsh discipline on a child's wellbeing. OBJECTIVE Based on the strengths-based trauma-informed positive education model, the current study investigated the impacts of three types of parental discipline (corporal punishment, psychological aggression, and nonviolent discipline) on primary school students' wellbeing and examined the moderating roles of school attachment and a growth mindset (both disjunctive and conjunctive moderating effects) in the relationship between parental discipline and student wellbeing. METHODS A sample of 854 primary school students (M = 9.40) from eight schools in Hong Kong, China, completed the questionnaire survey at two time points (Time 1 and Time 2), one year apart. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied for data analysis. RESULTS Parental psychological aggression at Time 1 (T1) was significantly and negatively related to student wellbeing at Time 2 (T2). Parental nonviolent discipline students' school attachment and growth mindset at T1 were significantly and positively correlated with student wellbeing at T2, when controlling for the students' initial wellbeing and important confounding demographic variables. School attachment moderated the association between parental psychological aggression and student wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Parental psychological aggression has negative impacts while nonviolent discipline has positive impacts on primary school students' wellbeing. Students who are more attached to school and have a growth mindset show higher levels of wellbeing. The study provides further evidence of the role of school attachment in moderating the effect of parental psychological aggression on children's wellbeing in the trauma-informed positive education model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y C L Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siqi Fang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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AYTEN A, KARAGÖZ S. Religiosity, Spirituality, Forgiveness, Religious Coping as Predictors of Life Satisfaction and Generalized Anxiety: A Quantitative Study on Turkish Muslim University Students. SPIRITUAL PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELING 2021. [DOI: 10.37898/spc.2021.6.1.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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10
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Wong TKY, Konishi C, Kong X. Parenting and prosocial behaviors: A meta‐analysis. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy K. Y. Wong
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Chiaki Konishi
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Xiaoxue Kong
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
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Jirsaraie RJ, Ranby KW, Albeck DS. Early life stress moderates the relationship between age and prosocial behaviors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 94:104029. [PMID: 31207572 PMCID: PMC6814134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that prosocial behaviors gradually increase with age, but others report that prosocial behaviors are fixed traits with only minor fluctuations throughout the lifespan. Early life stress may help explain these inconsistencies, as distinct types of stress have been negatively or positively associated with prosocial behaviors. OBJECTIVE This current investigation used two studies to test whether distinct types of early life stress moderated the association between age and prosocial behavior. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Study 1 recruited undergraduate students (n = 69) between the ages of 18-35, and Study 2 was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk responders (n = 499) whose ages ranged from 18-74. METHODS Study 1 employed behavioral economic tasks to measure cooperation and charitability, while Study 2 utilized an online survey to measure helping attitudes. RESULTS Moderation analyses revealed the association between age and cooperation was significantly weakened by a history of family violence (β=-0.37,p = 0.002), community violence (β=-0.30,p = 0.012), emotional abuse (β=-0.27,p = 0.026), and an overall summary score of early life stress (β=-0.33,p = 0.006). The relationship between age and charitability was only weakened by family violence (β=-0.24,p = 0.048). The association between age and helping attitudes was weakened by family violence (β=-0.10, p = 0.023), community violence (β=-0.13,p = 0.003), and physical neglect (β=-0.11,p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that some types of early life stress, especially exposure to violent environments, may reduce the likelihood of prosocial behaviors increasing throughout the lifespan. This study suggests that age-related effects on prosocial behaviors may not be universal, but rather depend on individual differences in childhood stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jesus Jirsaraie
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, 1250 14th Street, Denver, CO, 80204, United States.
| | - Krista Wilke Ranby
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, 1250 14th Street, Denver, CO, 80204, United States.
| | - David Scott Albeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, 1250 14th Street, Denver, CO, 80204, United States.
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Sobko T, Jia Z, Brown G. Measuring connectedness to nature in preschool children in an urban setting and its relation to psychological functioning. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207057. [PMID: 30496300 PMCID: PMC6264829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urban environment has been criticized for promoting 'nature-deficit' and 'child-nature disconnectedness'. Keeping in mind the importance of nature exposure and its extensive health benefits, many environmental programs around the world hope to (re)connect children with nature. To evaluate the effectiveness of such efforts, valid tools to measure Connectedness to Nature (CN) are needed but do not exist today, especially for use with pre-schoolers. METHODS The original CN Index was modified and tested among the Parents of Preschool Children (CNI-PPC) in an urban setting (Hong Kong) for its internal consistency (n = 299) and external validity (n = 194). The 'Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire' (SDQ) was chosen for divergent and convergent analysis. Conventional recommendations for test adaptation and translation were used. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the 16-item scale adequately captured four major dimensions: enjoyment of nature, empathy for nature, responsibility toward nature, and awareness of nature (Cronbach's α were respectively .86, .87, .75 and .80). When tested against the SDQ, a validated measure for child psychological functioning, and identification of children's problem behaviours, three CNI-PPC factors influenced the SDQ outcomes: (1) the more enjoyment of nature children displayed the less overall distress and impairment they exhibited (β = -.64); (2) greater responsibility toward nature in children was associated with less hyperactivity (β = -.50), fewer behavioural and peer difficulties (β = -.62 and β = -.65 respectively) and improved prosocial behaviour (β = .77); (3) the more aware children were of nature, the less emotional difficulties they exhibited (β = -.51). The variance explained was large (range R2 = .42 to .80). CONCLUSIONS Thus, CNI-PPC factors have meaningful and substantive associations with the strengths and difficulties parents perceive in their children. This indicates that the CNI-PPC is a valid and reliable instrument to measure CN at an age when children cannot respond for themselves. Further, this simple tool can help researchers/practitioners to better understand how connectedness to nature affects child psychological functioning and wellbeing. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02715544. Registered 8 March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sobko
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gavin Brown
- Faculty of Education & Social Work, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yu J, Cheah CSL, Hart CH, Yang C. Child inhibitory control and maternal acculturation moderate effects of maternal parenting on Chinese American children's adjustment. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1111-1123. [PMID: 29658739 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to examine: (a) bidirectional associations between maternal parenting (physical punishment and guilt induction) and Chinese American preschool children's psychosocial adjustment and (b) the role of maternal cultural orientation and child temperament in moderating parenting effects. Participants were Chinese American mothers and children (N = 163, Mage = 4.56, 53% boys). Mothers reported on their parenting practices at both Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) and their cultural orientations and children's inhibitory control at W1. Teachers rated children's prosocial, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors at both W1 and W2. A Bayesian approach to path analysis was utilized to investigate how parenting, child inhibitory control, and maternal cultural orientations work together to predict the development of children's prosociality and psychosocial problems. Results showed that for Chinese immigrant mothers who were highly acculturated toward the American culture and for children with low levels of inhibitory control, maternal use of physical punishment predicted more externalizing problems in children. Child inhibitory control and maternal enculturation were directly associated with less W2 child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Moreover, physical punishment predicted more internalizing behavior, whereas guilt induction predicted less child internalizing behavior. Maternal guilt induction also prospectively predicted more prosocial behavior but only for children with low levels of inhibitory control. Finally, only one child effect was significant: More W1 internalizing behavior predicted less W2 physical punishment. These effects held after controlling for temporal stabilities of the constructs and demographic covariates. Findings are discussed within the cultural context of the study. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | | | | | - Chongming Yang
- College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University
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