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Seppälä P, Zhu N, Hietamäki J, Häkkilä L, Gawel A, Toikko T. The threshold of child protection notifications is higher in municipalities with a high level of risk factors - Is this evidence of the inverse intervention law? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 155:106963. [PMID: 39106782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child protection notifications aim to secure the wellbeing of children. However, there is a large variation in the implementation of notifications across the municipalities in Finland. OBJECTIVE This article explores whether the threshold of child protection notifications is higher in municipalities with a high level of socio-economic risk factors, as assumed by the inverse intervention law. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study is based on the system-level data of Finnish municipalities, and their socio-economic indicators for the period of 2010-2021. METHODS A cluster analysis is used to group Finnish municipalities, based on the level of socio-economic risk factors, and a panel regression analysis, to verify whether these factors act as risk factors or as driving forces of inverse intervention law. RESULTS The municipalities with a high level of risk factors have the higher threshold level for child protection notifications compared to other municipalities. In all municipalities, the share of single-parent families acts as a risk factor, while the share of residents with higher education acts as a driver of the inverse intervention law. Reduction of unemployment and income inequalities are also recognised as drivers of this law, but only in municipalities with a relatively higher level of risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study promotes the inverse intervention law, and contribute to the understanding of the driving forces of this law. Further, there is a difference in the threshold level of child protection notifications among municipalities which is based on their socio-economic context. Children are in an unequal position in relation to the municipality in which they live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Seppälä
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Social Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ning Zhu
- Fudan University, Department of Social Development and Public Policy, No. 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Juulia Hietamäki
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Social Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Laura Häkkilä
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Social Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Aleksandra Gawel
- Poznan University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległosci 10, 1-875 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Timo Toikko
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Social Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Winqust A, Burduli E, Eddy LL, Landis T, Fraser J, Barbosa Leiker C. Associations between nurse characteristics, institutional characteristics and perceived nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting suspected child abuse and neglect. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:2662-2673. [PMID: 38366766 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the association between nurse and institutional characteristics and perceived professional nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect. DESIGN A sample of N = 166 nurses were recruited to respond to the Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (RSCAN) survey. METHODS A multiple linear regression examined whether nurse characteristics and institutional characteristics were associated with the two RSCAN survey domain scores. RESULTS Perceived knowledge of a workplace child abuse and neglect protocol was associated with the knowledge subscale. Education and child abuse and neglect expertise were significant predictors of the self-efficacy subscale. Nurses with a master's or higher degree and those who identified as being either forensic, paediatric or Emergency Department nurses, had less perceived institutional barriers to self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect. CONCLUSION This study provides a preliminary insight into the institutional barriers and facilitators of nurses as child abuse and neglect mandated reporters. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE To encourage innovative education and collaborations to support nurses as fully informed child abuse and neglect mandated reporters. IMPACT This research identifies the gaps and facilitators of nurses as child abuse and neglect mandated reporters to inform healthcare professionals and academic institutions on the importance of nurse education and experience in nurse knowledge and self-efficacy in reporting suspected child abuse and neglect. REPORTING METHODS The authors of this study have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines: STROBE. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION There is no patient or public contribution as the study only looked at nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winqust
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ekaterina Burduli
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Linda L Eddy
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Tullamora Landis
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Fraser
- Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kimber M, McTavish J, Shouldice M, Ward MGK, MacMillan HL. Savoir détecter l'exposition des enfants à la violence entre partenaires intimes, qu'elle soit présumée ou divulguée, et savoir intervenir. Paediatr Child Health 2024; 29:174-188. [PMID: 38827373 PMCID: PMC11141609 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
L'exposition des enfants à la violence entre partenaires intimes (EEVPI), qu'il s'agisse des parents ou d'autres proches, représente près de la moitié de tous les cas qui font l'objet d'une enquête et sont corroborés par les services de protection de l'enfance du Canada. Les atteintes affectives, physiques et comportementales associées à l'EEVPI sont semblables aux effets d'autres formes de maltraitance envers les enfants. Il peut être difficile d'établir quels enfants et adolescents sont exposés à la violence entre partenaires intimes (VPI) en raison des comportements non spécifiques parfois associés à une telle exposition, de même que de la stigmatisation et du secret entourant souvent ce type de violence. Par ailleurs, une intervention en toute sécurité auprès des enfants et des adolescents chez qui on présume une exposition à la VPI peut être compliquée par la nécessité d'également tenir compte de la sécurité et du bien-être d'un proche non contrevenant. Le présent document de principes propose une approche fondée sur des données probantes mise au point par le projet VEGA (Violence, Evidence, Guidance, Action ou violence, données probantes, conseils, action) pour détecter l'exposition des enfants et des adolescents à la VPI et intervenir en toute sécurité auprès d'eux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kimber
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, section de la prévention de la maltraitance d'enfants et d'adolescents, Ottawa (Ontario)Canada
| | - Jill McTavish
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, section de la prévention de la maltraitance d'enfants et d'adolescents, Ottawa (Ontario)Canada
| | - Michelle Shouldice
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, section de la prévention de la maltraitance d'enfants et d'adolescents, Ottawa (Ontario)Canada
| | - Michelle G K Ward
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, section de la prévention de la maltraitance d'enfants et d'adolescents, Ottawa (Ontario)Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, section de la prévention de la maltraitance d'enfants et d'adolescents, Ottawa (Ontario)Canada
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Kimber M, McTavish J, Shouldice M, Ward MGK, MacMillan HL. Recognizing and responding to children with suspected exposure to intimate partner violence between caregivers. Paediatr Child Health 2024; 29:174-188. [PMID: 38827374 PMCID: PMC11141601 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Children's exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) between parents and other caregivers accounts for nearly half of all cases investigated and substantiated by child welfare authorities in Canada. The emotional, physical, and behavioural impairments associated with CEIPV are similar to effects of other forms of child maltreatment. The identification of children and youth who have been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) can be challenging due to the non-specific behaviours sometimes associated with such exposure, and the stigma and secrecy that often characterize IPV. Also, responding safely to children and youth with suspected CEIPV can be complicated by the need to consider the safety and well-being of a non-offending caregiver. This position statement presents an evidence-informed approach developed by the Violence, Evidence, Guidance, Action (VEGA) Project for the safe recognition and response to children and youth who are suspected of being exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kimber
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill McTavish
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Shouldice
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle G K Ward
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Logie CH, Sokolovic N, Casale A, Ndung'u M, Kennedy VL, Underhill A, Fallon B, Cardinal C, Webster K, Cotnam J, Kaida A, de Pokomandy A, Loutfy M. Clinical HIV outcome trajectories associated with a history of child protective service out-of-home care: Longitudinal cohort findings with women living with HIV in Canada. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 38757480 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge gaps exist regarding the effects of experiencing child protective services (CPS) out-of-home care (e.g. foster homes) among women with HIV. We examined whether CPS out-of-home care was associated with HIV clinical outcome trajectories among women with HIV in a longitudinal cohort study in Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec, Canada. METHODS At three timepoints across 5 years (2013-2018), we examined self-reported current antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and viral load (VL) detectability (>50 copies/mL). We used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify trajectories of ART use and VL outcomes across study waves. LCGA identifies subgroups (classes) with similar trajectories within the sample. We assessed whether HIV outcome trajectories could be predicted by CPS history. We then conducted a mediation analysis to test whether a mental health latent construct mediated the association between CPS history and detectable VL. RESULTS Nearly one-fifth (n = 272; 19%) of participants (n = 1422; mean age 42.8 years) reported CPS out-of-home care. Most participants (89%) were in classes that consistently used ART and had an undetectable VL. Individuals with CPS out-of-home care histories were twice as likely to have a consistently detectable VL (β = 0.72, p = 0.02); there were no differences in ART use trajectories. In mediation analyses, we found an indirect path from CPS history to a consistently detectable VL via baseline mental health status (β = 0.02, 95% confidence interval 0.005-0.04, p = 0.02), with a significant odds ratio (1.12, z = 2.43, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Among women with HIV in Canada, experiencing childhood CPS out-of-home care was associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving viral suppression, via poorer mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H Logie
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nina Sokolovic
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Casale
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Ndung'u
- Women's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Logan Kennedy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Underhill
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudette Cardinal
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS (BC-CFE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathleen Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jasmine Cotnam
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Carretier E, Jourdan M, Duchesne S, Flouriot J, Lachal J, Moro MR. Disclosure of sexual abuse by adolescents treated in a psychiatry department. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00043-5. [PMID: 38523028 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to describe the population of adolescents who have disclosed sexual abuse to a health professional during their care in a psychiatric department. We also want to discuss the circumstances that enable adolescents to make this disclosure. METHODS This single-center retrospective observational study is based on the mandatory reports (n=139) sent by a Paris adolescent psychiatry department between 2005 and 2021 after patients disclosed previous sexual abuse. R® (3.6.1) and RStudio® (1.2.5001) software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Girls accounted for almost all the adolescents who disclosed (95.7%). First abuse occurred around the age of 12 years and was first disclosed to a health professional a mean of 3.5 years later; 66 (47.5%) patients were admitted for inpatient care during their follow-up. The most common diagnoses were depression, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorders, and other anxiety disorders. Before disclosing to a health professional, most of these adolescents had already talked about it, mainly to a family member (69.8%) or peers (24.7%). CONCLUSION This is the first study in France on the reporting of sexual abuse after its disclosure by adolescents being treated in a psychiatry unit. Our results show that child sexual abuse is rarely reported and that health care professionals are far from being the first recipients of these disclosures. We recommend routine screening for sexual abuse in adolescent psychiatry units, improved training for staff receiving these disclosures, and consideration of how best to coordinate medical, social, and legal services for these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Carretier
- Laboratoire de psychologie clinique psychopathologie psychanalyse, Paris Cité University, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - Marine Jourdan
- Département de médecine légale, université Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine légale et pénitentiaire, centre hospitalo-universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Duchesne
- Service de gynecologie-obstétrique - maison des femmes, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Flouriot
- Département de psychiatrie et de médecine addictologique, site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, AP-HP GHU Nord, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Lachal
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Rose Moro
- Laboratoire de psychologie clinique psychopathologie psychanalyse, Paris Cité University, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; Maison des adolescents - maison de Solenn, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
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Font SA, Kennedy R, Littleton T. Child protective services involvement and exclusionary school discipline. Child Dev 2023; 94:1625-1641. [PMID: 37161769 PMCID: PMC10636238 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the impact of child protective services (CPS) contact on out-of-school suspensions for 49,918 Wisconsin students (followed from ages 5-6 to 14-15; [school years 2010-2019; 74% White; 7% Black; 11% Hispanic; 8% other; 49% female]). A quasi-experimental design comparing recent CPS contact to upcoming (future) CPS contact shows that both recent CPS contact without foster care and future CPS contact predict higher odds of suspension compared with no contact. Higher odds of suspension emerged prior to CPS contact and did not substantially increase during or after CPS contact, suggesting that system-induced stress is not a primary driver of behavioral problems leading to suspension. Foster care reduced the odds of suspension among White children and children in special education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Font
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reeve Kennedy
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Winquist A, Leiker CB, Landis T, Fraser J, Eddy LL, Burduli E. Development and psychometric evaluation of the reporting suspected child abuse and neglect (RSCAN) scale for United States registered nurses. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e319-e326. [PMID: 37863784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the United States (US), nurses have a mandated duty to report child abuse and neglect (CAN). Despite comprising the highest proportion of the US healthcare workforce, limited research has explored the institutional barriers they face in reporting suspected CAN. Furthermore, there is no existing valid and reliable measure of reporting relevant to US. The purpose of this research is to develop and psychometrically evaluate a scale to measure nurse knowledge and self-efficacy as CAN mandated reporters. DESIGN AND METHODS The Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (RSCAN) tool was developed from two existing international tools to examine institutional barriers and facilitators to US nurses' professional knowledge and reporting of CAN. A convenience sample of one hundred and sixty-six US nurses primarily from the Pacific Northwest responded to an online survey. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's α were used to examine validity and internal consistency, respectively, of an initial 16-item scale. RESULTS A two-factor model consisting of eight items indicated good model fit (CFI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.049, and SRMR = 0.028) and was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.822). CONCLUSION RSCAN is the first US instrument to reliably measure nurses' professional knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting suspected CAN. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Future research can build upon these findings to recognize and support nurses in their mandated role to report CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winquist
- University of Colorado Anschutz, College of Nursing, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Celestina Barbosa Leiker
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202-231, USA.
| | - Tullamora Landis
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202-231, USA.
| | - Jennifer Fraser
- University of Sydney, Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Linda L Eddy
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Burduli
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202-231, USA.
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Yin R, Yang Y, Tang L, Chang Y, Zhang F. Childhood abuse and association with adult depressive symptoms among people with cardiovascular disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1179384. [PMID: 37333526 PMCID: PMC10273208 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1179384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To study the association between the total/different types of childhood abuse and adult depressive symptoms in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods The subjects were people with CVD who continuously participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) life history survey and the 2018 wave of the CHARLS national baseline Survey. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between emotional neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse and adult depressive symptoms. Results A total of 4,823 respondents were included in this study. The incidence of childhood abuse (existed emotional neglect, physical neglect or physical abuse) was 43.58% among people over 45 years old with CVD, which was higher than that of the general population (36.62%, p < 0.05). Adjusted model showed that overall childhood abuse was associated with adult depressive symptoms (OR = 1.230, 95%CI:1.094-1.383). Among different types of childhood abuse, only physical abuse was associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood (OR = 1.345, 95%CI:1.184-1.528). Conclusion Compared with that of the general population, the incidence of childhood abuse in CVD population is higher. Physical abuse in childhood increased the risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood. It suggested that the occurrence of depressive symptoms was the result of related factors in the whole life course. In order to prevent the depressive symptoms, childhood abuse also needs to be considered. It is very important to identify and prevent the continuation of childhood abuse in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujiao Chang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kimber M, Vanstone M, Dimitropoulos G, Collin-Vézina D, Stewart D. Researching the Impact of Service provider Education (RISE) Project - a multiphase mixed methods protocol to evaluate implementation acceptability and feasibility. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 35780156 PMCID: PMC9250197 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health and social service providers receive limited education on recognizing and responding to family violence. With adequate education, providers could be prepared to identify individuals subjected to family violence and help reduce the risk of associated impairment. Informed by the Active Implementation Frameworks, our research will determine the scope of strategies needed for the uptake and sustainability of educational interventions focused on family violence for providers. It will also determine the acceptability, feasibility, and proof-of-concept for a new educational intervention, called VEGA (Violence, Evidence, Guidance, Action), for developing and improving primary care provider knowledge and skills in family violence. METHODS This paper details the protocol for the Researching the Impact of Service provider Education (RISE) Project. The RISE Project follows a sequential multiphase mixed method research design; qualitative and quantitative data are being collected and integrated over three conceptually and methodologically linked research phases. Activities primarily occur in Ontario, Alberta, and Quebec. Phase 1 uses a sequential exploratory mixed method research design to characterize the scope and salience of learning and implementation needs and preferences for family violence education. Phase 2 will use an embedded mixed method research design to determine whether VEGA technology supports providers to achieve their family violence learning goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. Phase 3 will use a concurrent mixed method research design to determine acceptability, feasibility, and proof-of-concept for evaluating whether VEGA improves primary care providers' knowledge and skills in family violence. This final phase will provide information on implementation strategies for family violence education in the "real world." It will also generate data on provider recruitment, retention, and data completeness, as well as exploratory estimates of the effect for provider outcome measures proposed for a randomized controlled trial. DISCUSSION The RISE Project comprehensively integrates an implementation approach to improve family violence education for the health and social service professions. It will provide important information about factors that could influence the uptake and effectiveness of a health profession's educational intervention into the real world, as well as provide foundational evidence concerning the tenability of using a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of VEGA in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kimber
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, MacKimmie Tower 413, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- School of Social Work, McGill University, 3506 Rue University #300, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Donna Stewart
- Centre for Mental Health, University of Toronto and University Health Network, EN-7-229, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McKenna S, Donnelly M, Onyeka IN, O’Reilly D, Maguire A. Experience of child welfare services and long-term adult mental health outcomes: a scoping review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1115-1145. [PMID: 33779782 PMCID: PMC8225538 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is the first comprehensive review of empirical research that investigated the association between receipt of child welfare services and adult mental health outcomes. The review summarised the results of studies about mental health outcomes of adults with a history of child welfare involvement. METHODS A scoping review methodology was used to search five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, IBSS, Social Policy and Practice). Studies were included if they examined any child welfare exposure (including receipt of services while remaining at home/being placed in care) and adult mental health status. RESULTS In total 4591 records were retrieved, of which 55 met the eligibility criteria. Overall, receipt of child welfare services was associated with an increased risk of adult mental ill-health, suicide attempt and completed suicide. Results regarding potential moderating factors, such as gender and care-related experiences, were mixed. Relatively few studies investigated the reasons for requiring child welfare services, the experience of abuse or neglect or the adult outcomes of child welfare service users who remained in their own homes. Mental ill-health was defined and measured heterogeneously and details about the nature and type of welfare service utilisation were lacking. CONCLUSION There is a need for detailed, longitudinal studies to better understand the relative contribution of pre-existing adversity versus experiences during and after exposure to child welfare services on adult mental health outcomes. More standardised measures of mental ill-health and greater detail from authors on specific care exposure are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKenna
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Royal Hospitals Site, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Michael Donnelly
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Royal Hospitals Site, Belfast, BT12 6BJ Northern Ireland UK
| | - Ifeoma N. Onyeka
- Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland (ADRC-NI), Belfast, UK
| | - Dermot O’Reilly
- Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland (ADRC-NI), Belfast, UK
| | - Aideen Maguire
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Royal Hospitals Site, Belfast, BT12 6BJ Northern Ireland UK
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Sommer JL, Noh E, Jacobsohn E, Christodoulou C, El-Gabalawy R. An examination of difficulties accessing surgical care in Canada from 2005-2014: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240083. [PMID: 33085681 PMCID: PMC7577481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Difficulties accessing surgical care (e.g., related to wait times, cancellations, cost, receiving a diagnosis) are understudied in Canada. Using population-based data, we studied difficulty accessing non-emergency surgical care, including (1) the incidence and annual changes in incidence, (2) types of difficulties, and (3) associated factors (e.g., sociodemographics, surgery characteristics). Methods Cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey annual components were analyzed from 2005–2014. Weighted frequencies established the annual incidence of difficulty accessing surgical care, and total incidence of types of difficulties. Chi-square analyses, independent samples t-tests, and a multivariable logistic regression examined sociodemographic and surgery-related characteristics associated with difficulty accessing surgical care. Results Among individuals who required past-year non-emergency surgery between 2005–2014 (weighted n = 3,052,072), 15.6% experienced difficulty accessing surgical care. The most common difficulty was “waited too long for surgery” (58.5%). There were significant differences in the incidence of difficulty according to year (Χ2 = 83.50, p < .001) from 2005–2014. The incidence of difficulty accessing surgery varied according to sex (Χ2 = 4.02, p < .05), surgery type (Χ2 = 96.09, p < .001), party responsible for cancellation/postponement (Χ2 range: 4.36–19.01, p < .05), and waiting time (t = 10.59, p < .001). In particular, males, orthopedic surgery, and surgery cancelled by the surgeon or hospital had the highest rates of difficulty. Conclusion Results provide insight into the difficulties experienced by patients accessing elective surgery, and the associated factors. These results may inform targeted healthcare interventions and resource reallocation to reduce these occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Liyat Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edward Noh
- Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eric Jacobsohn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chris Christodoulou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Renée El-Gabalawy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Examining the Influence of Social Support on Psychological Distress in a Canadian Population with Symptoms of Mania. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:251-261. [PMID: 31832975 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who experience symptoms of mania in the form of a manic episode (ME) are at a greater risk of experiencing psychological distress. Given that a ME is a period during which one can become extremely socially dysfunctional, the potential influence of social support is especially important to explore. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether perceived social support predicts psychological distress in a sample of Canadian adults who have self-reported ME symptoms within the last 12-months. Using a cross-sectional, national datafile, 220 Canadians between 20 and 64 years who met the criteria for a ME within the last 12-months were investigated using the Social Provisions Scale (SPS), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Results indicated that the ME sample experienced significantly higher distress and significantly lower perceived social support than the adult Canadian population. Further, social support in the form of reassurance of worth was associated with lower levels of psychological distress, but only for the male ME sample, and the overall (male and female combined) ME sample. Despite some limitations, this study adds to the research on mania as its own experience outside of comorbidities and indicates the important and specific role social support plays in terms of psychological well-being.
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Font SA, Maguire-Jack K. It's not "Just poverty": Educational, social, and economic functioning among young adults exposed to childhood neglect, abuse, and poverty. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104356. [PMID: 31931322 PMCID: PMC7027312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglect is the most common allegation in Child Protective Services (CPS) investigations. Researchers and media have questioned whether and how CPS-investigated neglect differs from poverty. Prior studies are limited by self-reported or cross-sectional measures, small samples, and short observation periods. OBJECTIVE (1) To estimate the "added harm" of CPS-investigated neglect, net of poverty exposure (depth and duration), on high school completion, employment and earnings, incarceration, and teen parenthood; (2) To assess whether abuse is a stronger risk factor for adverse outcomes than neglect. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 29,154 individuals born in 1993-1996 from Milwaukee County, WI, who either received food assistance or were reported to CPS before age 16. METHOD Using logistic regression with a rich set of social and demographic controls, we compared individuals with CPS-investigated neglect, abuse, or both abuse and neglect in early childhood or adolescence to those who experienced poverty but not CPS involvement. We calculated cumulative measures of poverty duration and poverty depth between ages 0 and 16 for the full sample using public benefit records. RESULTS Outcomes among children with alleged or confirmed neglect were statistically significantly worse in all domains than impoverished children without maltreatment allegations, and similar to children with alleged or confirmed abuse. Effect sizes varied by outcome. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggests that CPS allegations of neglect are distinct from poverty and an important risk factor for adverse outcomes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Font
- Pennsylvania State University, 612 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Kathryn Maguire-Jack
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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Fedock G, Garthe RC, Sarantakos S, Golder S, Higgins GE, Logan TK. A life course perspective of victimization, child welfare involvement, cumulative stress and mental health for mothers on probation and parole. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 86:235-246. [PMID: 30388707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Women involved in the criminal justice system experience multiple forms of adversity over their lifetimes. These events may include childhood abuse, involvement in the child welfare system as children, intimate partner violence victimization during adulthood, and punitive interactions with the child welfare system as mothers. Community supervision (e.g. probation or parole) entails particular stressors, such as obtaining basic needs and employment. A majority of women under community supervision also experience depression and anxiety. The current study used the Stress Process Model to investigate associations between childhood and adulthood stressors (including childhood abuse, intimate partner violence and child welfare system involvement), recent stressful life events, and symptoms of depression and anxiety for mothers (n = 348) on probation and parole. All of the mothers had experienced some form of childhood and/or adulthood victimization. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine how childhood abuse, adulthood victimization, and child welfare system involvement as a child and a mother were associated with recent stressful life events and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results indicated multiple direct and indirect relationships from childhood and adulthood stressors to mental health symptoms as women navigated probation and parole. For example, adverse childhood experiences were associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms via higher levels of recent stressful life events and adverse adulthood experiences. These findings highlight relationships between childhood abuse and adulthood factors and the mental health of mothers involved in the criminal justice system, with implications for theory, practice, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Fedock
- University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
| | - Rachel C Garthe
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Social Work, 1010 W. Nevada Street Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sophia Sarantakos
- University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Seana Golder
- University of Louisville, Kent School of Social Work, Oppenheimer Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - George E Higgins
- University of Louisville, Department of Criminal Justice, Brigman Hall, Room 207, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - T K Logan
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, United States
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