1
|
Manley L, Nepomnyaschy L. Exposure to maternal experiences of IPV in early childhood and sleep health in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106803. [PMID: 38657490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of US women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV), and nearly all children in families experiencing such violence will be exposed. The negative effects of IPV exposure on children's mental and physical health are well-documented; however, less is known about effects on children's sleep health, a key marker of well-being. OBJECTIVE This study examines the associations of early childhood exposure to maternal experiences of IPV with sleep health in adolescence, focusing on multiple dimensions of sleep health and differences by child sex. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We rely on data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a population-based study following 5000 children in large US cities, from birth to age 15. Analyses are based on 2687 adolescents interviewed at the year-15 follow-up. METHODS Early childhood exposure to IPV is based on mothers' reports of her experiences of IPV from the child's birth to age 5. Adolescent sleep health is measured using 6 items approximating the BEARS sleep problem scale, at age 15. We estimate multivariate linear regression models to examine associations of early childhood IPV exposure with adolescent sleep health and stratify models by child sex. RESULTS Early childhood IPV exposure is associated with worse overall sleep health (β = 0.08; p < 0.001) and multiple dimensions of poor sleep health in adolescence. Associations are notably stronger among girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS The strong and lasting associations of early childhood exposure to IPV with adolescents' sleep health, particularly among girls, has important consequences for addressing adolescent health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Manley
- Rutgers University, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- Rutgers University, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azarmehr R, Reck AJ, Zhang L, Oshri A. COVID-19-related stress exacerbates the effect of child maltreatment on negative affect via increased identity confusion during adolescence. J Adolesc 2024; 96:18-30. [PMID: 37718632 PMCID: PMC10843095 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to childhood maltreatment may undermine the crucial developmental task of identity formation in adolescence, placing them at risk for developing negative affect. The current study investigated whether COVID-19-related stress intensified the indirect link between child maltreatment and adolescents' negative affect through identity confusion. METHOD Using multidimensional assessments of child maltreatment (threat vs. deprivation), the study included a sample of 124 adolescents (Mage = 12.89, SD = 0.79; 52% female) assessed before (January 2018 to March 2020) and during the pandemic (May to October 2020) in Georgia, United States. The majority of the participants were European American (78.8%), followed by African American (11.5%), Hispanic (3.8%), Asian/Pacific Islander (1.0%), and other (4.8%). We used structural equation modeling to test (a) the mediating role of identity confusion in the link between childhood maltreatment and negative affect and (b) whether COVID-19-related stress moderated these indirect effects. Simple slopes and Johnson-Neyman plots were generated to probe regions of significant interaction effects. RESULTS Threat and deprivation predicted an increase in adolescent identity confusion. Additionally, childhood threat and deprivation were indirectly linked to adolescents' negative affect through increased levels of identity confusion. COVID-19-related stress significantly exacerbated the link between identity confusion and negative affect. CONCLUSION Identity confusion is a mechanism underlying the link between child maltreatment and the development of negative affect in adolescence. Our results inform prevention and intervention programs that aim to reduce negative affect among adolescents who experience threatening and depriving rearing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeeh Azarmehr
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
- Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA, 30606, United States
| | - Ava J. Reck
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
- Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA, 30606, United States
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
- Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA, 30606, United States
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
- Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA, 30606, United States
- Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Cui Z, Huffman LG, Oshri A. Sleep mediates the effect of stressful environments on youth development of impulsivity: The moderating role of within default mode network resting-state functional connectivity. Sleep Health 2023; 9:503-511. [PMID: 37270396 PMCID: PMC10524131 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Youth raised in stressful environments are at increased risk for developing impulsive traits, which are a robust precursor of problem behaviors. Sleep may mediate the link between stress and problem behaviors as it is both sensitive to stress and essential for neurocognitive development underlying behavioral control during adolescence. The default mode network (DMN) is a brain network implicated in stress regulation and sleep. Yet, it is poorly understood how individual differences in resting-state DMN moderate the effect of stressful environments on impulsivity via sleep problems. METHODS Three waves of data spanning 2 years were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, a national longitudinal sample of 11,878 children (Mage at baseline = 10.1; 47.8% female). Structural equation modeling was used to test (a) the mediating role of sleep at T3 in the link between stressful environments at baseline and impulsivity at T5 and (b) the moderation of this indirect association by baseline levels of within-DMN resting-state functional connectivity. RESULTS Sleep problems, shorter sleep duration, and longer sleep latency significantly mediated the link between stressful environments and youth impulsivity. Youth with elevated within-DMN resting-state functional connectivity showed intensified associations between stressful environments and impulsivity via shorter sleep duration. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sleep health can be a target for preventive intervention and thereby mitigate the link between stressful environments and increased levels of youth impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Landry Goodgame Huffman
- Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stracke M, Heinzl M, Müller AD, Gilbert K, Thorup AAE, Paul JL, Christiansen H. Mental Health Is a Family Affair-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Associations between Mental Health Problems in Parents and Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4485. [PMID: 36901492 PMCID: PMC10001622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As a multidimensional and universal stressor, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. In particular, families faced numerous restrictions and challenges. From the literature, it is well known that parental mental health problems and child mental health outcomes are associated. Hence, this review aims to summarize the current research on the associations of parental mental health symptoms and child mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a systematic literature search in Web of Science (all databases) and identified 431 records, of which 83 articles with data of over 80,000 families were included in 38 meta-analyses. A total of 25 meta-analyses resulted in significant small to medium associations between parental mental health symptoms and child mental health outcomes (r = 0.19 to 0.46, p < 0.05). The largest effects were observed for the associations of parenting stress and child mental health outcomes. A dysfunctional parent-child interaction has been identified as a key mechanism for the transmission of mental disorders. Thus, specific parenting interventions are needed to foster healthy parent-child interactions, to promote the mental health of families, and to reduce the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stracke
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Heinzl
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dorothee Müller
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean Lillian Paul
- Mental Health Research Program, The Village, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pérez-Luño A, Díez Piñol M, Dolan SL. Exploring High vs. Low Burnout amongst Public Sector Educators: COVID-19 Antecedents and Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:780. [PMID: 35055602 PMCID: PMC8776078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a prolonged impact on many people working in different sectors. This paper focuses on the psychological stress consequences of professionals working in the educational sector in Andalucía (Spain). Using a sample of 340 educators, this empirical paper identifies the antecedents and profiles of those that ended up with burnout vs. those that were able to develop resilience. Results from OLS regressions show that regardless of the origins of stress, the principal determinant of burnout is clearly a lack of support and a perception of an inability to control a situation. Furthermore, results also show that working sources have a higher impact on the configuration of high burnout, while family sources harm those who are more resilient (low burnout).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Luño
- Business Administration Department, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 13, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Simon L Dolan
- Global Future of Work Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|