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Ilyas Y, Hassanbeigi Daryani S, Kiriella D, Pachwicewicz P, Boley RA, Reyes KM, Smith DL, Zalta AK, Schueller SM, Karnik NS, Stiles-Shields C. Geolocation Patterns, Wi-Fi Connectivity Rates, and Psychiatric Symptoms amongst Urban Homeless Youth Using Self-Report and Smartphone Data: Pilot Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 7:e45309. [PMID: 37071457 PMCID: PMC10155082 DOI: 10.2196/45309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant research done on youth experiencing homelessness, few studies have examined movement patterns and digital habits in this population. Examining these digital behaviors may provide useful data to design new digital health intervention models for youth experiencing homelessness. Specifically, passive data collection (data collected without extra steps for a user) may provide insights into lived experience and user needs without putting an additional burden on youth experiencing homelessness to inform digital health intervention design. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore patterns of mobile phone Wi-Fi usage and GPS location movement among youth experiencing homelessness. Additionally, we further examined the relationship between usage and location as correlated with depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS A total of 35 adolescent and young adult participants were recruited from the general community of youth experiencing homelessness for a mobile intervention study that included installing a sensor data acquisition app (Purple Robot) for up to 6 months. Of these participants, 19 had sufficient passive data to conduct analyses. At baseline, participants completed self-reported measures for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]). Behavioral features were developed and extracted from phone location and usage data. RESULTS Almost all participants (18/19, 95%) used private networks for most of their noncellular connectivity. Greater Wi-Fi usage was associated with a higher PCL-5 score (P=.006). Greater location entropy, representing the amount of variability in time spent across identified clusters, was also associated with higher severity in both PCL-5 (P=.007) and PHQ-9 (P=.045) scores. CONCLUSIONS Location and Wi-Fi usage both demonstrated associations with PTSD symptoms, while only location was associated with depression symptom severity. While further research needs to be conducted to establish the consistency of these findings, they suggest that the digital patterns of youth experiencing homelessness offer insights that could be used to tailor digital interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Ilyas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Dona Kiriella
- School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Pachwicewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Randy A Boley
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen M Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dale L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (CHEMA), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Barman-Adhikari A, Begun S, Rice E, Yoshioka-Maxwell A, Perez-Portillo A. Sociometric network structure and its association with methamphetamine use norms among homeless youth. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2016; 58:292-308. [PMID: 27194667 PMCID: PMC4873723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Homeless youths' social networks are consistently linked with their substance use. Social networks influence behavior through several mechanisms, especially social norms. This study used sociometric analyses to understand whether social norms of drug use behaviors are clustered in network structures and whether these perceived norms (descriptive and injunctive) influence youths' drug use behaviors. An event-based approach was used to delineate boundaries of the two sociometric networks of homeless youth, one in Los Angeles, CA (n = 160) and the other in Santa Monica, CA (n = 130). Network characteristics included centrality (i.e., popularity) and cohesiveness (location in dense subnetworks). The primary outcome was recent methamphetamine use. Results revealed that both descriptive and injunctive norms influenced methamphetamine use. Network cohesion was found to be associated with perception of both descriptive and injunctive norms in both networks, however in opposite directions. Network interventions therefore might be effective if designed to capitalize on social influence that naturally occurs in cohesive parts of networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Begun
- School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Eric Rice
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kapadia F, Halkitis P, Barton S, Siconolfi D, Figueroa RP. Associations between social support network characteristics and receipt of emotional and material support among a sample of male sexual minority youth. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN SOCIAL SERVICES 2014; 26:279-302. [PMID: 25214756 PMCID: PMC4157518 DOI: 10.1080/10538720.2014.924458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined how social support network characteristics are related to perceived receipt of social support among male sexual minority youth. Using egocentric network data collected from a study of male sexual minority youth (n=592), multivariable logistic regression analyses examined distinct associations between individual and social network characteristics with receipt of (1) emotional and (2) material support. In multivariable models, frequent communication and having friends in one's network yielded a two-fold increase in the likelihood of receiving emotional support whereas frequent communication was associated with an almost three-fold higher likelihood of perceived material support. Finally, greater internalized homophobia and personal experiences of gay-related stigma were inversely associated with perceived receipt of emotional and material support, respectively. Understanding the evolving social context and social interactions of this new generation of male sexual minority youth is warranted in order to understand the broader, contextual factors associated with their overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kapadia
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Steinhardt School of, Culture, Education & Human Development, New York University, NY
| | - Perry Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Steinhardt School of, Culture, Education & Human Development, New York University, NY
| | - Staci Barton
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Steinhardt School of, Culture, Education & Human Development, New York University
| | - Daniel Siconolfi
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public, Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael Perez Figueroa
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, Steinhardt School of, Culture, Education & Human Development, New York University
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