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Rodriguez P, Abbondante S, Marshall M, Abdelmeseh J, Tombola F, Pearlman E. An essential role for the Hv1 voltage-gated proton channel in Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.15.603631. [PMID: 39071375 PMCID: PMC11275807 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.603631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Assembly of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) proteins in neutrophils plays an essential role in controlling microbial infections by producing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the role of the Hv1 voltage-gated proton channel that is required for sustained NOX2 activity is less well characterized. We examined the role of Hv1 in a murine model of blinding Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection and found that in contrast to C57BL/6 mice, Hvcn1 -/- mice exhibit an impaired ability to kill bacteria and regulate disease severity. In vitro , we used a novel Hv1 Inhibitor Flexible (HIF) to block ROS production by human and murine neutrophils and found that HIF inhibits ROS production in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation with PMA or infection with P. aeruginosa . Collectively, these findings demonstrate an important role for Hv1 on controlling bacterial growth in a clinically relevant bacterial infection model.
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Esposito A, Rossi A, Stabile M, Pinto G, De Fino I, Melessike M, Tamanini A, Cabrini G, Lippi G, Aureli M, Loberto N, Renda M, Galietta LJV, Amoresano A, Dechecchi MC, De Gregorio E, Bragonzi A, Guaragna A. Assessing the Potential of N-Butyl-l-deoxynojirimycin (l-NBDNJ) in Models of Cystic Fibrosis as a Promising Antibacterial Agent. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1807-1822. [PMID: 38898954 PMCID: PMC11184606 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, l-iminosugars have revealed attractive pharmacological properties for managing rare diseases including Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The iminosugar N-butyl-l-deoxynojirimycin (l-NBDNJ, ent-1), prepared by a carbohydrate-based route, was herein evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-infective potential in models of CF lung disease infection. A significant decrease in the bacterial load in the airways was observed in the murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection in the presence of l-NBDNJ, also accompanied by a modest reduction of inflammatory cells. Mechanistic insights into the observed activity revealed that l-NBDNJ interferes with the expression of proteins regulating cytoskeleton assembly and organization of the host cell, downregulates the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa involved in the host response, and affects pathogen adhesion to human cells. These findings along with the observation of the absence of an in vitro bacteriostatic/bactericidal action of l-NBDNJ suggest the potential use of this glycomimetic as an antivirulence agent in the management of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Esposito
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80125, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Maria Stabile
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Medede Melessike
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Section
of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Center on
Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Life Sciences
and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara I-40121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section
of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan I-20054, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan I-20054, Italy
| | - Mario Renda
- Telethon
Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples I-80078, Italy
| | - Luis J. V. Galietta
- Telethon
Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples I-80078, Italy
- Department
of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, Rome I-00136, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Section
of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections
and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation
and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, Milan I-20132, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
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Nan D, Rao C, Tang Z, Yang W, Wu P, Chen J, Xia Y, Yan J, Liu W, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Chen H, Liao Y, Mao X, Liu X, Zou Q, Li Q. Burkholderia pseudomallei BipD modulates host mitophagy to evade killing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4740. [PMID: 38834545 PMCID: PMC11150414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is critical for mitochondrial quality control and function to clear damaged mitochondria. Here, we found that Burkholderia pseudomallei maneuvered host mitophagy for its intracellular survival through the type III secretion system needle tip protein BipD. We identified BipD, interacting with BTB-containing proteins KLHL9 and KLHL13 by binding to the Back and Kelch domains, recruited NEDD8 family RING E3 ligase CUL3 in response to B. pseudomallei infection. Although evidently not involved in regulation of infectious diseases, KLHL9/KLHL13/CUL3 E3 ligase complex was essential for BipD-dependent ubiquitination of mitochondria in mouse macrophages. Mechanistically, we discovered the inner mitochondrial membrane IMMT via host ubiquitome profiling as a substrate of KLHL9/KLHL13/CUL3 complex. Notably, K63-linked ubiquitination of IMMT K211 was required for initiating host mitophagy, thereby reducing mitochondrial ROS production. Here, we show a unique mechanism used by bacterial pathogens that hijacks host mitophagy for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Nan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglong Rao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiheng Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangao Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yupei Xia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingmin Yan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yaling Liao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuhu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Quanming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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4
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Resko ZJ, Suhi RF, Thota AV, Kroken AR. Evidence for intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0010924. [PMID: 38597609 PMCID: PMC11112991 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00109-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. Although it is often regarded as an extracellular pathogen toward human cells, numerous investigations report its ability to survive and replicate within host cells, and additional studies demonstrate specific mechanisms enabling it to adopt an intracellular lifestyle. This ability of P. aeruginosa remains less well-investigated than that of other intracellular bacteria, although it is currently gaining attention. If intracellular bacteria are not killed after entering host cells, they may instead receive protection from immune recognition and experience reduced exposure to antibiotic therapy, among additional potential advantages shared with other facultative intracellular pathogens. For this review, we compiled studies that observe intracellular P. aeruginosa across strains, cell types, and experimental systems in vitro, as well as contextualize these findings with the few studies that report similar observations in vivo. We also seek to address key findings that drove the perception that P. aeruginosa remains extracellular in order to reconcile what is currently understood about intracellular pathogenesis and highlight open questions regarding its contribution to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Resko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel F. Suhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam V. Thota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Abby R. Kroken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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5
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Meng JH, Huang YB, Long J, Cai QC, Qiao X, Zhang QL, Zhang LD, Yan X, Jing R, Liu XS, Zhou SJ, Yuan YS, Yin-Chen Ma, Zhou LX, Peng NN, Li XC, Cai CH, Tang HM, Martins AF, Jiang JX, Kai-Jun Luo. Innexin hemichannel activation by Microplitis bicoloratus ecSOD monopolymer reduces ROS. iScience 2024; 27:109469. [PMID: 38577101 PMCID: PMC10993139 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular superoxide dismutases (ecSODs) secreted by Microplitis bicoloratus reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by the Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus. Here, we demonstrate that the bacterial transferase hexapeptide (hexapep) motif and bacterial-immunoglobulin-like (BIg-like) domain of ecSODs bind to the cell membrane and transiently open hemichannels, facilitating ROS reductions. RNAi-mediated ecSOD silencing in vivo elevated ROS in host hemocytes, impairing parasitoid larva development. In vitro, the ecSOD-monopolymer needed to be membrane bound to open hemichannels. Furthermore, the hexapep motif in the beta-sandwich of ecSOD49 and ecSOD58, and BIg-like domain in the signal peptides of ecSOD67 were required for cell membrane binding. Hexapep motif and BIg-like domain deletions induced ecSODs loss of adhesion and ROS reduction failure. The hexapep motif and BIg-like domain mediated ecSOD binding via upregulating innexins and stabilizing the opened hemichannels. Our findings reveal a mechanism through which ecSOD reduces ROS, which may aid in developing anti-redox therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Biao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Shan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Jun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Chen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - André F. Martins
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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6
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Xia D, Jiang D, Yu P, Jia K, Wang J, Shen D, Zhao Q, Lu C. Ras3 in Bombyx mori with antiviral function against B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:105114. [PMID: 38101715 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori ras protein3 (BmRas3) is a small molecular protein in the GTPase superfamily, which has the activity of binding guanosine nucleotides and GTP enzymes. It acts as a molecular switch by coupling extracellular signal to different cellular response through the conversion between Ras-GTP conformation and Ras-GDP conformation, thus regulating signal pathways responsible for cell growth, migration, adhesion, survival and differentiation. However, few studies have been done on Ras3 in silkworm, and its function and mechanism are unclear. In this study, we found that the overexpression of BmRas3 inhibited the infection of BmNPV(B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus), while knockdown of BmRas3 could promote the infection of BmNPV. In addition, after the BmRas3 in silkworm larvae was knockdown, the anti-BmNPV ability of silkworm decreased and the survival rate of silkworm was affected. Additionly in the cells with BmRas3 overexpression, the transcription level of BmMapkk6 、BmP38、BmJNK、BmERK1/2 and BmERK5 were significantly increased after BmNPV infection, and the transcript levels of BmMapkk6、BmP38、BmJNK、BmERK1/2 and BmERK5 were also inhibited to varying degrees This is the first report on the antiviral effect of BmRas3 in silkworm, which provides a new direction for further study on the anti-BmNPV mechanism of silkworm and screening and cultivation of anti-BmNPV silkworm strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Xia
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China.
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Kaifang Jia
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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7
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Golenkina EA, Viryasova GM, Galkina SI, Kondratenko ND, Gaponova TV, Romanova YM, Lyamzaev KG, Chernyak BV, Sud’ina GF. Redox processes are major regulators of leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils exposed to bacteria Salmonella typhimurium; the way to manipulate neutrophil swarming. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295150. [PMID: 38384456 PMCID: PMC10880102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a primary role in protecting our body from pathogens. When confronted with invading bacteria, neutrophils begin to produce leukotriene B4, a potent chemoattractant that, in cooperation with the primary bacterial chemoattractant fMLP, stimulates the formation of swarms of neutrophils surrounding pathogens. Here we describe a complex redox regulation that either stimulates or inhibits fMLP-induced leukotriene synthesis in an experimental model of neutrophils interacting with Salmonella typhimurium. The scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and SkQ1, as well as inhibition of their production by mitochondrial inhibitors, inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes regardless of the cessation of oxidative phosphorylation. On the contrary, antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and sodium hydrosulfide promoting reductive shift in the reversible thiol-disulfide system stimulate the synthesis of leukotrienes. Diamide that oxidizes glutathione at high concentrations inhibits leukotriene synthesis, and the glutathione precursor S-adenosyl-L-methionine prevents this inhibition. Diamide-dependent inhibition is also prevented by diphenyleneiodonium, presumably through inhibition of NADPH oxidase and NADPH accumulation. Thus, during bacterial infection, maintaining the reduced state of glutathione in neutrophils plays a decisive role in the synthesis of leukotriene B4. Suppression of excess leukotriene synthesis is an effective strategy for treating various inflammatory pathologies. Our data suggest that the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may be promising for this purpose, whereas known thiol-based antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, may dangerously stimulate leukotriene synthesis by neutrophils during severe pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina M. Viryasova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana I. Galkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia D. Kondratenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia M. Romanova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- The “Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Sanchez Klose FP, Dahlstrand Rudin A, Bergqvist L, Scheffler JM, Jönsson K, Islander U, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Bylund J, Venkatakrishnan V. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB modulates intracellular reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350623. [PMID: 37972111 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen ubiquitously present throughout nature. LecB, a fucose-, and mannose-binding lectin, is a prominent virulence factor of P. aeruginosa, which can be expressed on the bacterial surface but also be secreted. However, the LecB interaction with human immune cells remains to be characterized. Neutrophils comprise the first line of defense against infections and their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of extracellular traps (NETs) are critical antimicrobial mechanisms. When profiling the neutrophil glycome we found several glycoconjugates on granule and plasma membranes that could potentially act as LecB receptors. In line with this, we here show that soluble LecB can activate primed neutrophils to produce high levels of intracellular ROS (icROS), an effect that was inhibited by methyl fucoside. On the other hand, soluble LecB inhibits P. aeruginosa-induced icROS production. In support of that, during phagocytosis of wild-type and LecB-deficient P. aeruginosa, bacteria with LecB induced less icROS production as compared with bacteria lacking the lectin. Hence, LecB can either induce or inhibit icROS production in neutrophils depending on the circumstances, demonstrating a novel and potential role for LecB as an immunomodulator of neutrophil functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Bergqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia M Scheffler
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jönsson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Reuven AD, Mwaura BW, Bliska JB. ExoS Effector in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hyperactive Type III Secretion System Mutant Promotes Enhanced Plasma Membrane Rupture in Neutrophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577040. [PMID: 38328038 PMCID: PMC10849719 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for a large percentage of airway infections that cause morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, especially those with cystic fibrosis (CF). One important P. aeruginosa virulence factor is a type III secretion system (T3SS) that translocates effectors into host cells. ExoS is a T3SS effector with ADP ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity. The ADPRT activity of ExoS promotes P. aeruginosa virulence by inhibiting phagocytosis and limiting the oxidative burst in neutrophils. The P. aeruginosa T3SS also translocates flagellin, which can activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, resulting in: 1) gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pores, release of IL-1β and pyroptosis; and 2) histone 3 citrullination (CitH3) and decondensation and expansion of nuclear DNA into the cytosol. However, recent studies with the P. aeruginosa laboratory strain PAO1 indicate that ExoS ADPRT activity inhibits activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome in neutrophils. Here, an ExoS+ CF clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa with a hyperactive T3SS was identified. Variants of the hyperactive T3SS mutant or PAO1 were used to infect neutrophils from C57BL/6 mice or mice engineered to have a CF genotype or a defect in inflammasome assembly. Responses to NLRC4 inflammasome assembly or ExoS ADPRT activity were assayed, results of which were found to be similar for C57BL/6 or CF neutrophils. The hyperactive T3SS mutant had enhanced resistance to neutrophil killing, like previously identified hypervirulent P. aeruginosa isolates. ExoS ADPRT activity in the hyperactive T3SS mutant regulated inflammasome and nuclear DNA decondensation responses like PAO1 but promoted enhanced CitH3 and plasma membrane rupture (PMR). Glycine supplementation inhibited PMR caused by the hyperactive T3SS mutant, suggesting ninjurin-1 is required for this process. These results identify enhanced neutrophil PMR as a pathogenic activity of ExoS ADPRT in a hypervirulent P. aeruginosa isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna D. Reuven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bethany W. Mwaura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - James B. Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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10
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Minns MS, Liboro K, Lima TS, Abbondante S, Miller BA, Marshall ME, Tran Chau J, Roistacher A, Rietsch A, Dubyak GR, Pearlman E. NLRP3 selectively drives IL-1β secretion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected neutrophils and regulates corneal disease severity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5832. [PMID: 37730693 PMCID: PMC10511713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infected with Gram-negative bacteria expressing Type III secretion system (T3SS) activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, resulting in Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent, but GSDME independent IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. Here we examine inflammasome signaling in neutrophils infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 that expresses the T3SS effectors ExoS and ExoT. IL-1β secretion by neutrophils requires the T3SS needle and translocon proteins and GSDMD. In macrophages, PAO1 and mutants lacking ExoS and ExoT (ΔexoST) require NLRC4 for IL-1β secretion. While IL-1β release from ΔexoST infected neutrophils is also NLRC4-dependent, infection with PAO1 is instead NLRP3-dependent and driven by the ADP ribosyl transferase activity of ExoS. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches using MCC950 reveal that NLRP3 is also essential for bacterial killing and disease severity in a murine model of P. aeruginosa corneal infection (keratitis). Overall, these findings reveal a function for ExoS ADPRT in regulating inflammasome subtype usage in neutrophils versus macrophages and an unexpected role for NLRP3 in P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Minns
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Odyssey Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl Liboro
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tatiane S Lima
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Serena Abbondante
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brandon A Miller
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michaela E Marshall
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jolynn Tran Chau
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Roistacher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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11
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Zheng W, Xia Y, Wang X, Gao S, Zhou D, Ravichandran V, Jiang C, Tu Q, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Fu J, Li R, Yin J. Precise genome engineering in Pseudomonas using phage-encoded homologous recombination and the Cascade-Cas3 system. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2642-2670. [PMID: 37626246 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A lack of generic and effective genetic manipulation methods for Pseudomonas has restricted fundamental research and utilization of this genus for biotechnology applications. Phage-encoded homologous recombination (PEHR) is an efficient tool for bacterial genome engineering. This PEHR system is based on a lambda Red-like operon (BAS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage Ab31 and a Rac bacteriophage RecET-like operon (Rec-TEPsy) from P. syringae pv. syringae B728a and also contains exogenous elements, including the RecBCD inhibitor (Redγ or Pluγ) or single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), that were added to enhance the PEHR recombineering efficiency. To solve the problem of false positives in Pseudomonas editing with the PEHR system, the processive enzyme Cas3 with a minimal Type I-C Cascade-based system was combined with PEHR. This protocol describes the utilization of a Pseudomonas-specific PEHR-Cas3 system that was designed to universally and proficiently modify the genomes of Pseudomonas species. The pipeline uses standardized cassettes combined with the concerted use of SacB counterselection and Cre site-specific recombinase for markerless or seamless genome modification, in association with vectors that possess the selectively replicating template R6K to minimize recombineering background. Compared with the traditional allelic exchange editing method, the PEHR-Cas3 system does not need to construct suicide plasmids carrying long homologous arms, thus simplifying the experimental procedure and shortening the traceless editing period. Compared with general editing systems based on phage recombinases, the PEHR-Cas3 system can effectively improve the screening efficiency of mutants using the cutting ability of Cas3 protein. The entire procedure requires ~12 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yandong Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Diao Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Chanjuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ruijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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12
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Dempsey MP, Conrady CD. The Host-Pathogen Interplay: A Tale of Two Stories within the Cornea and Posterior Segment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2074. [PMID: 37630634 PMCID: PMC10460047 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular infectious diseases are an important cause of potentially preventable vision loss and blindness. In the following manuscript, we will review ocular immunology and the pathogenesis of herpesviruses and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the cornea and posterior segment. We will highlight areas of future research and what is currently known to promote bench-to-bedside discoveries to improve clinical outcomes of these debilitating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Dempsey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Christopher D. Conrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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13
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Wu Y, Pernet E, Touqui L. Modulation of Airway Expression of the Host Bactericidal Enzyme, sPLA2-IIA, by Bacterial Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:440. [PMID: 37505708 PMCID: PMC10467128 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Host molecules with antimicrobial properties belong to a large family of mediators including type-IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA). The latter is a potent bactericidal agent with high selectivity against Gram-positive bacteria, but it may also play a role in modulating the host inflammatory response. However, several pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria can modulate the levels of sPLA2-IIA by either inducing or inhibiting its expression in host cells. Thus, the final sPLA2-IIA concentration during the infection process is determined by the orchestration between the levels of toxins that stimulate and those that downregulate the expression of this enzyme. The stimulation of sPLA2-IIA expression is a process that participates in the clearance of invading bacteria, while inhibition of this expression highlights a mechanism by which certain bacteria can subvert the immune response and invade the host. Here, we will review the major functions of sPLA2-IIA in the airways and the role of bacterial toxins in modulating the expression of this enzyme. We will also summarize the major mechanisms involved in this modulation and the potential consequences for the pulmonary host response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Wu
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l’Infection Microbionne, CNRS UMR3691, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, 75015 Paris, France
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14
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Jin J, Yuan Y, Xian W, Tang Z, Fu J, Liu X. The ever-increasing necessity of mass spectrometry in dissecting protein post-translational modifications catalyzed by bacterial effectors. Mol Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37127430 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation, regulate multiple fundamental biological processes in cells. During bacterial infection, effector proteins are delivered into host cells through dedicated bacterial secretion systems and can modulate important cellular pathways by covalently modifying their host targets. These strategies enable intruding bacteria to subvert various host processes, thereby promoting their own survival and proliferation. Despite rapid expansion of our understanding of effector-mediated PTMs in host cells, analytical measurements of these molecular events still pose significant challenges in the study of host-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, with major technical breakthroughs in the last two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to be a valuable tool for detecting protein PTMs and mapping modification sites. Additionally, large-scale PTM profiling, facilitated by different enrichment strategies prior to MS analysis, allows high-throughput screening of host enzymatic substrates of bacterial effectors. In this review, we summarize the advances in the studies of two representative PTMs (i.e., ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation) catalyzed by bacterial effectors during infection. Importantly, we will discuss the ever-increasing role of MS in understanding these molecular events and how the latest MS-based tools can aid in future studies of this booming area of pathogenic bacteria-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Zeng S, Shi Q, Liu Y, Li M, Lin D, Zhang S, Li Q, Pu J, Shen C, Huang B, Chen C, Zeng J. The small RNA PrrH of Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates hemolysis and oxidative resistance in bloodstream infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106124. [PMID: 37105322 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) regulate multiple physiological functions in bacteria, and sRNA PrrH can regulate iron homeostasis and virulence. However, the function of PrrH in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bloodstream infection (BSI) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PrrH in P. aeruginosa BSI model. First, P. aeruginosa PAO1 was co-cultured with peripheral blood cells for 6 h qRT-PCR results showed a transient up-regulation of PrrH expression at 1 h. Simultaneously, the expression of iron uptake genes fpvA, pvdS and phuR was upregulated. In addition, the use of iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl to create low-iron conditions caused up-regulation of PrrH expression, a result similar to the BSI model. Furthermore, the addition of FeCl3 was found to decrease PrrH expression. These results support the hypothesis that the expression of PrrH is regulated by iron in BSI model. Then, to clarify the effect of PrrH on major cells in the blood, we used PrrH mutant, overexpressing and wild-type strains to act separately on erythrocytes and neutrophils. On one hand, the hemolysis assay revealed that PrrH contributes to the hemolytic activity of PAO1, and its effect was dependent on the T3SS system master regulator gene exsA, yet had no association with the hemolytic phospholipase C (plcH), pldA, and lasB elastase genes. On the other hand, PrrH mutant enhanced the oxidative resistance of PAO1 in the neutrophils co-culture assay, H2O2-treated growth curve and conventional plate spotting assays. Furthermore, the katA was predicted to be a target gene of PrrH by bioinformatics software, and then verified by qPCR and GFP reporter system. In summary, dynamic changes in the expression of prrH are iron-regulated during PAO1 bloodstream infection. In addition, PrrH promotes the hemolytic activity of P. aeruginosa in an exsA-dependent manner and negatively regulates katA to reduce the oxidative tolerance of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qixuan Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - YinZhen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Dongling Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shebin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jieying Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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16
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Marzhoseyni Z, Mousavi MJ, Saffari M, Ghotloo S. Immune escape strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to establish chronic infection. Cytokine 2023; 163:156135. [PMID: 36724716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The infection caused by P. aeruginosa still is dangerous throughout the world. This is partly due to its immune escape mechanisms considerably increasing the bacterial survival in the host. By escape from recognition by TLRs, interference with complement system activation, phagocytosis inhibition, production of ROS, inhibition of NET production, interference with the generation of cytokines, inflammasome inhibition, reduced antigen presentation, interference with cellular and humoral immunity, and induction of apoptotic cell death and MDSc, P. aeruginosa breaks down the barriers of the immune system and causes lethal infections in the host. Recognition of other immune escape mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may provide a basis for the future treatment of the infection. This manuscript may provide new insights and information for the development of new strategies to combat P. aeruginosa infection. In the present manuscript, the escape mechanisms of P. aeruginosa against immune response would be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Campylobacter jejuni Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and NADPH Oxidase 1 Expression in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Cell Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3286330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the major bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Mechanistically, how this pathogen interacts with intrinsic defence machinery of human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remains elusive. To address this, we investigated how C. jejuni counteracts the intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IECs. Our work shows that C. jejuni differentially regulates intracellular and extracellular ROS production in human T84 and Caco-2 cells. C. jejuni downregulates the transcription and translation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase (NOX1), a key ROS-generating enzyme in IECs and antioxidant defence genes CAT and SOD1. Furthermore, inhibition of NOX1 by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and siRNA reduced C. jejuni ability to interact, invade, and intracellularly survive within T84 and Caco-2 cells. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insight into how C. jejuni modulates the IEC defence machinery.
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18
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Hampton MB, Dickerhof N. Inside the phagosome: A bacterial perspective. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:197-209. [PMID: 36625601 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil phagosome is one of the most hostile environments that bacteria must face and overcome if they are to succeed as pathogens. Targeting bacterial defense mechanisms should lead to new therapies that assist neutrophils to kill pathogens, but this has not yet come to fruition. One of the limiting factors in this effort has been our incomplete knowledge of the complex biochemistry that occurs within the rapidly changing environment of the phagosome. The same compartmentalization that protects host tissue also limits our ability to measure events within the phagosome. In this review, we highlight the limitations in our knowledge, and how the contribution of bacteria to the phagosomal environment is often ignored. There appears to be significant heterogeneity among phagosomes, and it is important to determine whether survivors have more efficient defenses or whether they are ingested into less threatening environments than other bacteria. As part of these efforts, we discuss how monitoring or recovering bacteria from phagosomes can provide insight into the conditions they have faced. We also encourage the use of unbiased screening approaches to identify bacterial genes that are essential for survival inside neutrophil phagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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19
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Zhang XW, An MX, Huang ZK, Ma L, Zhao D, Yang Z, Shi JX, Liu DX, Li Q, Wu AH, Chen YH, Zhao WD. Lpp of Escherichia coli K1 inhibits host ROS production to counteract neutrophil-mediated elimination. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102588. [PMID: 36592568 PMCID: PMC9823224 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common Gram-negative bacterial organism causing neonatal meningitis. The pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis, especially how E. coli escape the host immune defenses, remains to be clarified. Here we show that deletion of bacterial Lpp encoding lipoprotein significantly reduces the pathogenicity of E. coli K1 to induce high-degree of bacteremia necessary for meningitis. The Lpp-deleted E. coli K1 is found to be susceptible to the intracellular bactericidal activity of neutrophils, without affecting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), representing the primary antimicrobial mechanism in neutrophils, is significantly increased in response to Lpp-deleted E. coli. We find this enhanced ROS response is associated with the membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase p47phox and p67phox in neutrophils. Then we constructed p47phox knockout mice and we found the incidence of bacteremia and meningitis in neonatal mice induced by Lpp-deleted E. coli is significantly recovered by p47phox knockout. Proteomic profile analysis show that Lpp deficiency induces upregulation of flagellar protein FliC in E. coli. We further demonstrate that FliC is required for the ROS induction in neutrophils by Lpp-deleted E. coli. Taken together, these data uncover the novel role of Lpp in facilitating intracellular survival of E. coli K1 within neutrophils. It can be inferred that Lpp of E. coli K1 is able to suppress FliC expression to restrain the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils resulting in diminished bactericidal activity, thus protecting E. coli K1 from the elimination by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ming-Xin An
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zeng-Kang Huang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Shi
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dong-Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 16 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110134, China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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20
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Jouault A, Saliba AM, Touqui L. Modulation of the immune response by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type-III secretion system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1064010. [PMID: 36519135 PMCID: PMC9742435 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1064010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause critical cellular damage and subvert the immune response to promote its survival. Among the numerous virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, the type III secretion system (T3SS) is involved in host cell pathogenicity. Using a needle-like structure, T3SS detects eukaryotic cells and injects toxins directly into their cytosol, thus highlighting its ability to interfere with the host immune response. In this mini-review, we discuss how the T3SS and bacterial effectors secreted by this pathway not only activate the immune response but can also manipulate it to promote the establishment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane Jouault
- Mucoviscidose: Phénotypique et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France,Département Santé Globale, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathie Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Albane Jouault,
| | - Alessandra Mattos Saliba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose: Phénotypique et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France,Département Santé Globale, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathie Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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21
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Oh C, Li L, Verma A, Reuven AD, Miao EA, Bliska JB, Aachoui Y. Neutrophil inflammasomes sense the subcellular delivery route of translocated bacterial effectors and toxins. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111688. [PMID: 36417874 PMCID: PMC9827617 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In neutrophils, caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD), causing pyroptosis to clear cytosol-invasive bacteria. In contrast, caspase-1 also cleaves GSDMD but seems to not cause pyroptosis. Here, we show that this pyroptosis-resistant caspase-1 activation is specifically programmed by the site of translocation of the detected microbial virulence factors. We find that pyrin and NLRC4 agonists do not trigger pyroptosis in neutrophils when they access the cytosol from endosomal compartment. In contrast, when the same ligands penetrate through the plasma membrane, they cause pyroptosis. Consistently, pyrin detects extracellular Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ΔyopM in neutrophils, driving caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis. This pyroptotic response drives PAD4-dependent H3 citrullination and results in extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Our data indicate that caspase-1, GSDMD, or PAD4 deficiency renders mice more susceptible to Y. pseudotuberculosis ΔyopM infection. Therefore, neutrophils induce pyroptosis in response to caspase-1-activating inflammasomes triggered by extracellular bacterial pathogens, but after they phagocytose pathogens, they are programmed to forego pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lupeng Li
- Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ambika Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Arianna D Reuven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James B Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Youssef Aachoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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22
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Ma X, Liu Q, Song F, Huang Y. Differentially Expressed Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Eyes with Keratitis and Healthy Conjunctival Sacs. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4495-4506. [PMID: 35983295 PMCID: PMC9380828 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s374335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the second-most common commensal bacterium in healthy conjunctival sacs. When the corneal epithelial barrier is damaged, P. aeruginosa in a healthy conjunctival sac can cause infectious keratitis, which can result in the loss of vision. This study was designed to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of P. aeruginosa isolates from eyes with keratitis and from healthy conjunctival sacs to predict their functions and pathways through Illumina high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Methods P. aeruginosa isolates from keratitis and healthy conjunctival sacs were obtained. The transcriptome profile of P. aeruginosa was characterized by a high throughput RNA-seq strategy using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The DEGs were analyzed with DESeq and validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and with experimental mice. GO enrichment and the KEGG pathway were also analyzed. Results In genome-wide transcriptional analysis, 557 genes (332 upregulated and 225 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, p ≤ 0.05) in the strains from keratitis. GO enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs tended to be associated with cellular and metabolic processes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed the DEGs were typically associated with the pathways of the bacterial secretion system and pyoverdine metabolism. Eleven DEGs were validated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and verified with experimental mice. The results were consistent with those obtained in RNA-seq. Conclusion The DEGs related to pilin, T2SS, T3SS, and pyoverdine metabolisms were significantly altered in the strains from keratitis. The findings may be helpful for further investigations on genes or pathways related to the pathogenesis of and therapeutic targets for P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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23
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Yam JKH, Aung TT, Chua SL, Cheng Y, Kohli GS, Zhou J, Constancias F, Liu Y, Cai Z, Salido MMS, Drautz-Moses DI, Rice SA, Schuster SC, Boo ZZ, Wu B, Kjelleberg S, Tolker-Nielsen T, Lakshminarayanan R, Beuerman RW, Yang L, Givskov M. Elevated c-di-GMP Levels and Expression of the Type III Secretion System Promote Corneal Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0006122. [PMID: 35913171 PMCID: PMC9387266 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00061-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is generally believed to establish biofilm-associated infections under the regulation of the secondary messenger c-di-GMP. To evaluate P. aeruginosa biofilm physiology during ocular infections, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1, a ΔwspF mutant strain (high c-di-GMP levels), and a plac-yhjH-containing strain (low c-di-GMP levels) from mouse corneal infection, as well as in vitro biofilm and planktonic cultures. The c-di-GMP content in P. aeruginosa during corneal infection was monitored using a fluorescent c-di-GMP reporter strain. Biofilm-related genes were induced in in vivo PAO1 compared to in vitro planktonic bacteria. Several diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases were commonly regulated in in vivo PAO1 and in vitro biofilm compared to in vitro planktonic bacteria. Several exopolysaccharide genes and motility genes were induced and downregulated, respectively, in in vivo PAO1 and the in vivo ΔwspF mutant compared to the in vivo plac-yhjH-containing strain. Elevation of c-di-GMP levels in P. aeruginosa began as early as 2 h postinfection. The ΔwspF mutant was less susceptible to host clearance than the plac-yhjH-containing strain and could suppress host immune responses. The type III secretion system (T3SS) was induced in in vivo PAO1 compared to in vitro biofilm bacteria. A ΔwspF mutant with a defective T3SS was more susceptible to host clearance than a ΔwspF mutant with a functional T3SS. Our study suggests that elevated intracellular c-di-GMP levels and T3SS activity in P. aeruginosa are necessary for establishment of infection and modulation of host immune responses in mouse cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Ocular Infections and Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Forensics Genomics International (FGI), BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gurjeet Singh Kohli
- Alfred Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - May Margarette Santillan Salido
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela I. Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Microbiomes for One Systems Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephan Christoph Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao Zhi Boo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Ocular Infections and Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Ocular Infections and Anti-Microbials Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Michael Givskov
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Ratitong B, Marshall ME, Dragan MA, Anunciado CM, Abbondante S, Pearlman E. Differential Roles for IL-1α and IL-1β in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:548-558. [PMID: 35851538 PMCID: PMC9922050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of dermal, pulmonary, and ocular disease. Our studies have focused on P. aeruginosa infections of the cornea (keratitis) as a major cause of blinding microbial infections. The infection leads to an influx of innate immune cells, with neutrophils making up to 90% of recruited cells during early stages. We previously reported that the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β were elevated during infection. Compared with wild-type (WT), infected Il1b-/- mice developed more severe corneal disease that is associated with impaired bacterial killing as a result of defective neutrophil recruitment. We also reported that neutrophils are an important source of IL-1α and IL-1β, which peaked at 24 h postinfection. To examine the role of IL-1α compared with IL-1β in P. aeruginosa keratitis, we inoculated corneas of C57BL/6 (WT), Il1a-/-, Il1b-/-, and Il1a-/-Il1b-/- (double-knockout) mice with 5 × 104 ExoS-expressing P. aeruginosa. Il1b-/- and double-knockout mice have significantly higher bacterial burden that was consistent with delayed neutrophil and monocyte recruitment to the corneas. Surprisingly, Il1a-/- mice had the opposite phenotype with enhanced bacteria clearance compared with WT mice. Although there were no significant differences in neutrophil recruitment, Il1a-/- neutrophils displayed a more proinflammatory transcriptomic profile compared to WT with elevations in C1q expression that likely caused the phenotypic differences observed. To our knowledge, our findings identify a novel, non-redundant role for IL-1α in impairing bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Ratitong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Michaela E Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Morgan A Dragan
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Charissa M Anunciado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Serena Abbondante
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; and
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25
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Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in host susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010305. [PMID: 35849616 PMCID: PMC9345480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple regulated neutrophil cell death programs contribute to host defense against infections. However, despite expressing all necessary inflammasome components, neutrophils are thought to be generally defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. By screening different bacterial species, we found that several Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains trigger Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in human and murine neutrophils. Notably, deletion of Exotoxins U or S in P. aeruginosa enhanced neutrophil death to Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, suggesting that these exotoxins interfere with this pathway. Mechanistically, P. aeruginosa Flagellin activates the NLRC4 inflammasome, which supports Caspase-1-driven interleukin (IL)-1β secretion and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa-induced GSDMD activation triggers Calcium-dependent and Peptidyl Arginine Deaminase-4-driven histone citrullination and translocation of neutrophil DNA into the cell cytosol without inducing extracellular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Finally, we show that neutrophil Caspase-1 contributes to IL-1β production and susceptibility to pyroptosis-inducing P. aeruginosa strains in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate that neutrophils are not universally resistant for Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Neutrophils play an essential role against infections. Although multiple neutrophil death programs contribute to host defense against infections, neutrophils are thought to be defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. We screened several microbial species for the capacity to overcome neutrophil resistance to Caspase-1-driven pyroptosis, and show that the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa specifically engages the NLRC4 inflammasome to promote Caspase-1-dependent Gasdermin D activation and subsequent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, NLRC4 inflammasome-driven pyroptosis leads to histone citrullination, nuclear DNA decondensation and expansion into the host cell cytosol. However, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) are not formed because DNA is kept in the intracellular space despite plasma membrane permeabilization and extracellular release of soluble and insoluble alarmins. Finally, in vivo P. aeruginosa infections highlight that Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis is detrimental to the host upon P. aeruginosa infection. Altogether, our results demonstrate Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in neutrophils as a process that contributes to host susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection.
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26
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Qin S, Xiao W, Zhou C, Pu Q, Deng X, Lan L, Liang H, Song X, Wu M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:199. [PMID: 35752612 PMCID: PMC9233671 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. P. aeruginosa is also a widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their regulation), rapid progress has been made in further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc. Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, such as bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, and phage therapy, have been used to improve our understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and host defense. Nevertheless, much remains to be uncovered about interactions between P. aeruginosa and host immune responses, including mechanisms of drug resistance by known or unannotated bacterial virulence factors as well as mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use of antibiotics and the slow development of effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges and necessitate new theoretical and practical platforms to screen and develop mechanism-tested novel drugs to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistance strains. Benefited from has advancing in research tools and technology, dissecting this pathogen's feature has entered into molecular and mechanistic details as well as dynamic and holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review the progress and discuss the current status of P. aeruginosa biophysical traits, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense patterns against its infection, which point out new directions for future investigation and add to the design of novel and/or alternative therapeutics to combat this clinically significant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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Pang Z, Gu MD, Tang T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cancer Therapy: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891187. [PMID: 35574361 PMCID: PMC9095937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, undesirable toxicity and lack of selectivity are the major challenges of conventional cancer therapies, which cause poor clinical outcomes and high mortality in many cancer patients. Development of alternative cancer therapeutics are highly required for the patients who are resistant to the conventional cancer therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The success of a new cancer therapy depends on its high specificity to cancer cells and low toxicity to normal cells. Utilization of bacteria has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Attenuated or genetically modified bacteria were used to inhibit tumor growth, modulate host immunity, or deliver anti-tumor agents. The bacteria-derived immunotoxins were capable of destructing tumors with high specificity. These bacteria-based strategies for cancer treatment have shown potent anti-tumor effects both in vivo and in vitro, and some of them have proceeded to clinical trials. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, is one of the common bacteria used in development of bacteria-based cancer therapy, particularly known for the Pseudomonas exotoxin A-based immunotoxins, which have shown remarkable anti-tumor efficacy and specificity. This review concisely summarizes the current knowledge regarding the utilization of P. aeruginosa in cancer treatment, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives of the P. aeruginosa-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-Di Gu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Tang
- School of Art & Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Zhou W, Tang X, Huang J, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li P, Li R. Dual-imaging magnetic nanocatalysis based on Fenton-like reaction for tumor therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3462-3473. [PMID: 35403639 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential nano-catalytic therapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer treatment as it utilizes the unique tumor microenvironment for selective tumor treatment. This study reports a magnetic nanoparticle to achieve Fenton-like reaction and dual-imaging guidance/monitoring. Natural glucose oxidase (GOx) and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been integrated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to fabricate a sequential nanocatalyst (designated as GOx@PLGA-Fe3O4). This nanocatalyst can functionally deplete glucose in tumor tissues, producing a considerable amount of highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals via the sequential Fenton-like reaction, and meanwhile maximizing the potential imaging capability as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. By ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, GOx@PLGA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles are demonstrated to induce tumor cell death by inhibiting multiple gene regulation pathways involving tumor growth and recurrence. Therefore, this finding provides a novel strategy to achieve promising therapeutic efficacy by the rational design of multifunctional nanoparticles with various features, including magnetic targeting, sequential nano-catalytic therapy, and dual-imaging guidance/monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
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Nicchi S, Giusti F, Carello S, Utrio Lanfaloni S, Tavarini S, Frigimelica E, Ferlenghi I, Rossi Paccani S, Merola M, Delany I, Scarlato V, Maione D, Brettoni C. Moraxella catarrhalis evades neutrophil oxidative stress responses providing a safer niche for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. iScience 2022; 25:103931. [PMID: 35265810 PMCID: PMC8899411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are pathogenic bacteria frequently associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whose hallmark is inflammatory oxidative stress. Neutrophils produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can boost antimicrobial response by promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and autophagy. Here, we showed that M. catarrhalis induces less ROS and NET production in differentiated HL-60 cells compared to NTHi. It is also able to actively interfere with these responses in chemically activated cells in a phagocytosis and opsonin-independent and contact-dependent manner, possibly by engaging host immunosuppressive receptors. M. catarrhalis subverts the autophagic pathway of the phagocytic cells and survives intracellularly. It also promotes the survival of NTHi which is otherwise susceptible to the host antimicrobial arsenal. In-depth understanding of the immune evasion strategies exploited by these two human pathogens could suggest medical interventions to tackle COPD and potentially other diseases in which they co-exist. Mcat induces ROS and NET production to a lesser extent than NTHi in dHL-60 cells Mcat interferes with ROS-related responses in chemically-activated cells Mcat subverts the autophagic pathway surviving intracellularly while NTHi does not Intracellular survival of NTHi is enhanced by the co-infecting bacterium Mcat
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nicchi
- GSK, Siena, 53100, Italy.,University of Bologna, Bologna, 40141, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Carello
- GSK, Siena, 53100, Italy.,University of Turin, Turin, 10100, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcello Merola
- GSK, Siena, 53100, Italy.,University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80133, Italy
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Kroken AR, Gajenthra Kumar N, Yahr TL, Smith BE, Nieto V, Horneman H, Evans DJ, Fleiszig SMJ. Exotoxin S secreted by internalized Pseudomonas aeruginosa delays lytic host cell death. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010306. [PMID: 35130333 PMCID: PMC8853526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin ExoS, secreted by the type III secretion system (T3SS), supports intracellular persistence via its ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPr) activity. For epithelial cells, this involves inhibiting vacuole acidification, promoting vacuolar escape, countering autophagy, and niche construction in the cytoplasm and within plasma membrane blebs. Paradoxically, ExoS and other P. aeruginosa T3SS effectors can also have antiphagocytic and cytotoxic activities. Here, we sought to reconcile these apparently contradictory activities of ExoS by studying the relationships between intracellular persistence and host epithelial cell death. Methods involved quantitative imaging and the use of antibiotics that vary in host cell membrane permeability to selectively kill intracellular and extracellular populations after invasion. Results showed that intracellular P. aeruginosa mutants lacking T3SS effector toxins could kill (permeabilize) cells when extracellular bacteria were eliminated. Surprisingly, wild-type strain PAO1 (encoding ExoS, ExoT and ExoY) caused cell death more slowly, the time extended from 5.2 to 9.5 h for corneal epithelial cells and from 10.2 to 13.0 h for HeLa cells. Use of specific mutants/complementation and controls for initial invasion showed that ExoS ADPr activity delayed cell death. Triggering T3SS expression only after bacteria invaded cells using rhamnose-induction in T3SS mutants rescued the ExoS-dependent intracellular phenotype, showing that injected effectors from extracellular bacteria were not required. The ADPr activity of ExoS was further found to support internalization by countering the antiphagocytic activity of both the ExoS and ExoT RhoGAP domains. Together, these results show two additional roles for ExoS ADPr activity in supporting the intracellular lifestyle of P. aeruginosa; suppression of host cell death to preserve a replicative niche and inhibition of T3SS effector antiphagocytic activities to allow invasion. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ExoS-encoding (invasive) P. aeruginosa strains can be facultative intracellular pathogens, and that intracellularly secreted T3SS effectors contribute to pathogenesis. While the ADPr domain of the T3SS effector ExoS plays multiple roles in the intracellular lifestyle of P. aeruginosa, ExoS can also be cytotoxic and/or antiphagocytic. Here, we show that when P. aeruginosa enters the cytosol of epithelial cells, cell death is triggered independently of T3SS effector toxins, but ExoS ADPr activity delays this to enable continued intracellular survival and replication. Using rhamnose induction to express the T3SS only after invasion restored this ExoS-dependent phenotype, showing that intracellularly secreted effectors can enable intracellular pathogenesis. ExoS ADPr activity also countered antiphagocytic activity of ExoS and ExoT RhoGAP domains. These results show two additional roles for ExoS ADPr activity in promoting internalization of P. aeruginosa and protecting the intracellular niche, continuing to challenge the notions that P. aeruginosa is exclusively an extracellular pathogen, that it needs to inject T3SS effectors across plasma membranes, and that ExoS is necessarily cytotoxic to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R. Kroken
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Naren Gajenthra Kumar
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Yahr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Smith
- Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Nieto
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hart Horneman
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Evans
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Graduate Groups in Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases & Immunity, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Fu J, Zhou M, Gritsenko MA, Nakayasu ES, Song L, Luo ZQ. Legionella pneumophila modulates host energy metabolism by ADP-ribosylation of ADP/ATP translocases. eLife 2022; 11:73611. [PMID: 35084332 PMCID: PMC8820735 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila delivers more than 330 effectors into host cells by its Dot/Icm secretion system. Those effectors direct the biogenesis of the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) that permits its intracellular survival and replication. It has long been documented that the LCV is associated with mitochondria and a number of Dot/Icm effectors have been shown to target to this organelle. Yet, the biochemical function and host cell target of most of these effectors remain unknown. Here, we found that the Dot/Icm substrate Ceg3 (Lpg0080) is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that localizes to the mitochondria in host cells where it attacks ADP/ATP translocases by ADP-ribosylation, and blunts their ADP/ATP exchange activity. The modification occurs on the second arginine residue in the -RRRMMM- element, which is conserved among all known ADP/ATP carriers from different organisms. Our results reveal modulation of host energy metabolism as a virulence mechanism for L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
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32
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Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:325-345. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Tümmler B. What Makes Pseudomonas aeruginosa a Pathogen? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:283-301. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Tuft S, Somerville TF, Li JPO, Neal T, De S, Horsburgh MJ, Fothergill JL, Foulkes D, Kaye S. Bacterial keratitis: identifying the areas of clinical uncertainty. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101031. [PMID: 34915112 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a common corneal infection that is treated with topical antimicrobials. By the time of presentation there may already be severe visual loss from corneal ulceration and opacity, which may persist despite treatment. There are significant differences in the associated risk factors and the bacterial isolates between high income and low- or middle-income countries, so that general management guidelines may not be appropriate. Although the diagnosis of bacterial keratitis may seem intuitive there are multiple uncertainties about the criteria that are used, which impacts the interpretation of investigations and recruitment to clinical studies. Importantly, the concept that bacterial keratitis can only be confirmed by culture ignores the approximately 50% of cases clinically consistent with bacterial keratitis in which investigations are negative. The aetiology of these culture-negative cases is unknown. Currently, the estimation of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials is based on data from systemic administration and achievable serum or tissue concentrations, rather than relevant corneal concentrations and biological activity in the cornea. The provision to the clinician of minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials for the isolated bacteria would be an important step forward. An increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is a concern, but the effect this has on disease outcomes is yet unclear. Virulence factors are not routinely assessed although they may affect the pathogenicity of bacteria within species and affect outcomes. New technologies have been developed to detect and kill bacteria, and their application to bacterial keratitis is discussed. In this review we present the multiple areas of clinical uncertainty that hamper research and the clinical management of bacterial keratitis, and we address some of the assumptions and dogma that have become established in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tuft
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Tobi F Somerville
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Ji-Peng Olivia Li
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Timothy Neal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
| | - Surjo De
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK.
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Department of Infection and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BX, UK.
| | - Joanne L Fothergill
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Daniel Foulkes
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Stephen Kaye
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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Singh RB, Das S, Chodosh J, Sharma N, Zegans ME, Kowalski RP, Jhanji V. Paradox of complex diversity: Challenges in the diagnosis and management of bacterial keratitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 88:101028. [PMID: 34813978 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis continues to be one of the leading causes of corneal blindness in the developed as well as the developing world, despite swift progress since the dawn of the "anti-biotic era". Although, we are expeditiously developing our understanding about the different causative organisms and associated pathology leading to keratitis, extensive gaps in knowledge continue to dampen the efforts for early and accurate diagnosis, and management in these patients, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The ability of the causative bacteria to subdue the therapeutic challenge stems from their large genome encoding complex regulatory networks, variety of unique virulence factors, and rapid secretion of tissue damaging proteases and toxins. In this review article, we have provided an overview of the established classical diagnostic techniques and therapeutics for keratitis caused by various bacteria. We have extensively reported our recent in-roads through novel tools for accurate diagnosis of mono- and poly-bacterial corneal infections. Furthermore, we outlined the recent progress by our group and others in understanding the sub-cellular genomic changes that lead to antibiotic resistance in these organisms. Finally, we discussed in detail, the novel therapies and drug delivery systems in development for the efficacious management of bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sujata Das
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael E Zegans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Regis P Kowalski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Charles T Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Charles T Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Hu H, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Yuan Q, Shi W, Zhang S, Feng H, Chen Y, Yu M, Chen H, Jiang Y, Yang Q, Qu T. Bloodstream Infections Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing P. aeruginosa Sequence Type 463, Associated With High Mortality Rates in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:756782. [PMID: 34790589 PMCID: PMC8592259 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.756782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, KPC-producing P. aeruginosa has rapidly emerged and expanded in East China. Here we described the clinical impact and characteristics of bloodstream infections (BSIs) from the dominant KPC-producing CRPA belonging to Sequence Type (ST) 463. Methods Retrospective cohort study was performed with CRPA BSI cases from 2019 to 2020 in a hospital in East China. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and all-course mortality were evaluated. All CRPA isolates had whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and serum resistance assay. Representative isolates were tested for virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Results Among the 50 CRPA BSI cases, ST463 predominated (48.0%). In multivariate analysis, we found three independent risk factors for fatal outcome: KPC carriage (OR 4.8; CI95% 1.0-23.7; P = 0.05), Pitt bacteremia score (OR 1.3; CI95% 1.0-1.6; P = 0.02), and underlying hematological disease (OR 8.5; CI95% 1.6-46.4; P = 0.01). The baseline clinical variables were not statistically different across STs, however the 28-day mortality was significantly higher in ST463 cases than that in non-ST463 cases (66.7% vs 33.3%, P = 0.03). ExoU and exoS virulence genes coexisted in all ST463 isolates, and the carbapenem resistant gene bla KPC were produced in almost all ST463 isolates, significantly higher than in the non-ST463 group(95.8% vs 7.7%, P<0.001). ST463 CRPA isolates also showed higher resistance rates to antipseudomonal cephalosporins, monobactam, and fluoroquinolones. And ST463 CRPA was confirmed hypervirulence in the larvae model. The genome of one ST463 CRPA strain showed that the bla KPC-2 gene was the sole resistance gene located on a 41,104bp plasmid pZYPA01, carried on a 7-kb composite transposon-like element flanked by two IS26 elements (IS26-Tn3-tnpA-ISKpn27-bla KPC-2-ISKpn6-IS26). Plasmid from various species presented core bla KPC-2 was franked by mobile genetic element ISKpn27 and ISKpn6. Conclusions In the ST463 CRPA BSI cohort, the mortality rates were higher than those in the non-ST463 CRPA BSI. The ST463 CRPA clone coharboring the bla KPC and exoU/exoS genes emerged and spread in East China, which might develop to a new threat in the clinic. Our results suggest that the surveillance of the new high-risk clone, ST463 CRPA, should be strengthened in China, even worldwide in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piaopiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Infection Control Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiting Feng
- Infection Control Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Infection Control Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sultan M, Arya R, Kim KK. Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12152. [PMID: 34830033 PMCID: PMC8623646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that synthesizes and secretes a wide range of virulence factors. P. aeruginosa poses a potential threat to human health worldwide due to its omnipresent nature, robust host accumulation, high virulence, and significant resistance to multiple antibiotics. The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, which is associated with acute and chronic infections, is linked with multiple virulence factors and associated secretion systems, such as the ability to form and utilize a biofilm, pili, flagella, alginate, pyocyanin, proteases, and toxins. Two-component systems (TCSs) of P. aeruginosa perform an essential role in controlling virulence factors in response to internal and external stimuli. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of TCSs to perceive and respond to signals from the environment and control the production of virulence factors during infection is essential to understanding the diseases caused by P. aeruginosa infection and further develop new antibiotics to treat this pathogen. This review discusses the important virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the understanding of their regulation through TCSs by focusing on biofilm, motility, pyocyanin, and cytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rekha Arya
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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Ung L, Chodosh J. Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108647. [PMID: 34097906 PMCID: PMC8595513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the cornea, or bacterial keratitis (BK), are notorious for causing rapidly fulminant disease and permanent vision loss, even among treated patients. In the last sixty years, dramatic upward trajectories in the frequency of BK have been observed internationally, driven in large part by the commercialization of hydrogel contact lenses in the late 1960s. Despite this worsening burden of disease, current evidence-based therapies for BK - including broad-spectrum topical antibiotics and, if indicated, topical corticosteroids - fail to salvage vision in a substantial proportion of affected patients. Amid growing concerns of rapidly diminishing antibiotic utility, there has been renewed interest in urgently needed novel treatments that may improve clinical outcomes on an individual and public health level. Bridging the translational gap in the care of BK requires the identification of new therapeutic targets and rational treatment design, but neither of these aims can be achieved without understanding the complex biological processes that determine how bacterial corneal infections arise, progress, and resolve. In this chapter, we synthesize the current wealth of human and animal experimental data that now inform our understanding of basic BK pathophysiology, in context with modern concepts in ocular immunology and microbiology. By identifying the key molecular determinants of clinical disease, we explore how novel treatments can be developed and translated into routine patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson Ung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Rocha LS, Silva BPD, Correia TML, Silva RPD, Meireles DDA, Pereira R, Netto LES, Meotti FC, Queiroz RF. Peroxiredoxin AhpC1 protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa against the inflammatory oxidative burst and confers virulence. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102075. [PMID: 34315109 PMCID: PMC8327333 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium in patients with cystic fibrosis and hospital acquired infections. It presents a plethora of virulence factors and antioxidant enzymes that help to subvert the immune system. In this study, we identified the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase C1 (AhpC1), as a relevant scavenger of oxidants generated during inflammatory oxidative burst and a mechanism of P. aeruginosa (PA14) escaping from killing. Deletion of AhpC1 led to a higher sensitivity to hypochlorous acid (HOCl, IC50 3.2 ± 0.3 versus 19.1 ± 0.2 μM), hydrogen peroxide (IC50 91.2 ± 0.3 versus 496.5 ± 6.4 μM) and the organic peroxide urate hydroperoxide. ΔahpC1 strain was more sensitive to the killing by isolated neutrophils and less virulent in a mice model of infection. All mice intranasally instilled with ΔahpC1 survived as long as they were monitored (15 days), whereas 100% wild-type and ΔahpC1 complemented with ahpC1 gene (ΔahpC1 attB:ahpC1) died within 3 days. A significantly lower number of colonies was detected in the lung and spleen of ΔahpC1-infected mice. Total leucocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitrite production and lipid peroxidation were much lower in lungs or bronchoalveolar liquid of mice infected with ΔahpC1. Purified AhpC neutralized the inflammatory organic peroxide, urate hydroperoxide, at a rate constant of 2.3 ± 0.1 × 106 M-1s-1, and only the ΔahpC1 strain was sensitive to this oxidant. Incubation of neutrophils with uric acid, the urate hydroperoxide precursor, impaired neutrophil killing of wild-type but improved the killing of ΔahpC1. Hyperuricemic mice presented higher levels of serum cytokines and succumbed much faster to PA14 infection when compared to normouricemic mice. In summary, ΔahpC1 PA14 presented a lower virulence, which was attributed to a poorer ability to neutralize the oxidants generated by inflammatory oxidative burst, leading to a more efficient killing by the host. The enzyme is particularly relevant in detoxifying the newly reported inflammatory organic peroxide, urate hydroperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Silva Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago M L Correia
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo de Abreu Meireles
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Soares Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Carla Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Ferreira Queiroz
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil.
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Burn GL, Foti A, Marsman G, Patel DF, Zychlinsky A. The Neutrophil. Immunity 2021; 54:1377-1391. [PMID: 34260886 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells with unusual biological features that furnish potent antimicrobial properties. These cells phagocytose and subsequently kill prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms very efficiently. Importantly, it is not only their ability to attack microbes within a constrained intracellular compartment that endows neutrophils with antimicrobial function. They can unleash their effectors into the extracellular space, where, even post-mortem, their killing machinery can endure and remain functional. The antimicrobial activity of neutrophils must not be misconstrued as being microbe specific and should be viewed more generally as biotoxic. Outside of fighting infections, neutrophils can harness their noxious machinery in other contexts, like cancer. Inappropriate or dysregulated neutrophil activation damages the host and contributes to autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Here we review a number of topics related to neutrophil biology based on contemporary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Lawrence Burn
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Foti
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerben Marsman
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dhiren Ferise Patel
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Morin CD, Déziel E, Gauthier J, Levesque RC, Lau GW. An Organ System-Based Synopsis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Virulence 2021; 12:1469-1507. [PMID: 34180343 PMCID: PMC8237970 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1926408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven in part by its metabolic versatility, high intrinsic antibiotic resistance, and a large repertoire of virulence factors, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is expertly adapted to thrive in a wide variety of environments, and in the process, making it a notorious opportunistic pathogen. Apart from the extensively studied chronic infection in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), P. aeruginosa also causes multiple serious infections encompassing essentially all organs of the human body, among others, lung infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, primary ciliary dyskinesia and ventilator-associated pneumonia; bacteremia and sepsis; soft tissue infection in burns, open wounds and postsurgery patients; urinary tract infection; diabetic foot ulcers; chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis externa; and keratitis associated with extended contact lens use. Although well characterized in the context of CF, pathogenic processes mediated by various P. aeruginosa virulence factors in other organ systems remain poorly understood. In this review, we use an organ system-based approach to provide a synopsis of disease mechanisms exerted by P. aeruginosa virulence determinants that contribute to its success as a versatile pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Morin
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeff Gauthier
- Département De Microbiologie-infectiologie Et Immunologie, Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Département De Microbiologie-infectiologie Et Immunologie, Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, US
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Hu Y, Peng W, Wu Y, Li H, Wang Q, Yi H, Zhang R, Shao B, Zhu K. A Potential High-Risk Clone of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST463. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670202. [PMID: 34122384 PMCID: PMC8193091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens, which causes severe nosocomial infections because of its well-known multidrug-resistance and hypervirulence. It is critical to curate routinely the epidemic P. aeruginosa clones encountered in the clinic. The aim of the present study was to investigate the connection between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles in epidemic clones. Herein, we found that ST463 (O4), ST1212 (O11), and ST244 (O5) were prevalent in 30 isolates derived from non-cystic fibrosis patients, based on multilocus sequence type (MLST) and serotype analysis. All isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and each was resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics in antimicrobial susceptibility tests, which was consistent with the presence of the abundant resistance genes, such as bla OXA-50, bla PAO, aph(3'), catB7, fosA, crpP, and bla KPC-2. Notably, all bla KPC-2 genes were located between ISKpn6-like and ISKpn8-like mobile genetic elements. In addition, classical exotoxins encoded by exoU, exoS, and pldA were present in 43.44% (13/40), 83.33% (25/30), and 70% (21/30) of the isolates, respectively. The expression of phz operons encoding the typical toxin, pyocyanin, was observed in 60% of isolates (18/30) and was quantified using triple quadrupole liquid chromatograph mass (LC/MS) assays. Interestingly, compared with other MLST types, all ST463 isolates harbored exoU, exoS and pldA, and produced pyocyanin ranging from 0.2 to 3.2 μg/mL. Finally, we evaluated the potential toxicity of these isolates using hemolysis tests and Galleria mellonella larvae infection models. The results showed that ST463 isolates were more virulent than other isolates. In conclusion, pyocyanin-producing ST463 P. aeruginosa, carrying diverse virulence genes, is a potential high-risk clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hu
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Hajra D, Nair AV, Chakravortty D. An elegant nano-injection machinery for sabotaging the host: Role of Type III secretion system in virulence of different human and animal pathogenic bacteria. Phys Life Rev 2021; 38:25-54. [PMID: 34090822 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Various Gram-negative bacteria possess a specialized membrane-bound protein secretion system known as the Type III secretion system (T3SS), which transports the bacterial effector proteins into the host cytosol thereby helping in bacterial pathogenesis. The T3SS has a special needle-like translocon that can sense the contact with the host cell membrane and translocate effectors. The export apparatus of T3SS recognizes these effector proteins bound to chaperones and translocates them into the host cell. Once in the host cell cytoplasm, these effector proteins result in modulation of the host system and promote bacterial localization and infection. Using molecular biology, bioinformatics, genetic techniques, electron microscopic studies, and mathematical modeling, the structure and function of the T3SS and the corresponding effector proteins in various bacteria have been studied. The strategies used by different human pathogenic bacteria to modulate the host system and thereby enhance their virulence mechanism using T3SS have also been well studied. Here we review the history, evolution, and general structure of the T3SS, highlighting the details of its comparison with the flagellar export machinery. Also, this article provides mechanistic details about the common role of T3SS in subversion and manipulation of host cellular processes. Additionally, this review describes specific T3SS apparatus and the role of their specific effectors in bacterial pathogenesis by considering several human and animal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, India
| | - Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, India
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Li J, Xie L, Qian S, Tang Y, Shen M, Li S, Wang J, Xiong L, Lu J, Zhong W. A Type VI Secretion System Facilitates Fitness, Homeostasis, and Competitive Advantages for Environmental Adaptability and Efficient Nicotine Biodegradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e03113-20. [PMID: 33608299 PMCID: PMC8091027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03113-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria employ secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous effectors from the cytoplasm to the extracellular milieu, thus interacting with the surrounding environment or microniche. It is known that bacteria can benefit from the type VI secretion system (T6SS) by transporting ions to combat reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report that T6SS activities conferred tolerance to nicotine-induced oxidative stress in Pseudomonas sp. strain JY-Q, a highly active nicotine degradation strain isolated from tobacco waste extract. AA098_13375 was identified to encode a dual-functional effector with antimicrobial and anti-ROS activities. Wild-type strain JY-Q grew better than the AA098_13375 deletion mutant in nicotine-containing medium by antagonizing increased intracellular ROS levels. It was, therefore, tentatively designated TseN (type VI secretion system effector for nicotine tolerance), homologs of which were observed to be broadly ubiquitous in Pseudomonas species. TseN was identified as a Tse6-like bacteriostatic toxin via monitoring intracellular NAD+ TseN presented potential antagonism against ROS to fine tune the heavy traffic of nicotine metabolism in strain JY-Q. It is feasible that the dynamic tuning of NAD+ driven by TseN could satisfy demands from nicotine degradation with less cytotoxicity. In this scenario, T6SS involves a fascinating accommodation cascade that prompts constitutive biotransformation of N-heterocyclic aromatics by improving bacterial robustness/growth. In summary, the T6SS in JY-Q mediated resistance to oxidative stress and promoted bacterial fitness via a contact-independent growth competitive advantage, in addition to the well-studied T6SS-dependent antimicrobial activities.IMPORTANCE Mixtures of various pollutants and the coexistence of numerous species of organisms are usually found in adverse environments. Concerning biodegradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic contaminants, the scientific community has commonly focused on screening functional enzymes that transform pollutants into intermediates of attenuated toxicity or for primary metabolism. Here, we identified dual roles of the T6SS effector TseN in Pseudomonas sp. strain JY-Q, which is capable of degrading nicotine. The T6SS in strain JY-Q is able to deliver TseN to kill competitors and provide a growth advantage by a contact-independent pattern. TseN could monitor the intracellular NAD+ level by its hydrolase activity, causing cytotoxicity in competitive rivals but metabolic homeostasis on JY-Q. Moreover, JY-Q could be protected from TseN toxicity by the immunity protein TsiN. In conclusion, we found that TseN with cytotoxicity to bacterial competitors facilitated the nicotine tolerance of JY-Q. We therefore reveal a working model between T6SS and nicotine metabolism. This finding indicates that multiple diversified weapons have been evolved by bacteria for their growth and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulan Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lie Xiong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Sharma P, Elofsson M, Roy S. Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by INP0341, a salicylidene acylhydrazide, in a murine model of keratitis. Virulence 2021; 11:795-804. [PMID: 32507000 PMCID: PMC7567437 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1776979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of corneal infections worldwide. The bacterium secretes several toxins through its type III secretion system (T3SS) to subvert host immune responses. In addition, it is armed with intrinsic as well as acquired antibiotic resistance mechanisms that make treatment a significant challenge and new therapeutic interventions are needed. Type III secretion inhibitors have been studied as an alternative or in accompaniment to traditional antibiotics to inhibit virulence of bacteria. In this study, INP0341, a T3SS inhibitor, inhibited cytotoxicity by P. aeruginosa toward human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) at 100 μM without affecting bacterial growth in the liquid media. An increased expression of antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species generation was also observed in cells exposed to P. aeruginosa in the presence of INP0341. Furthermore, INP0341 efficiently attenuated corneal infection by P. aeruginosa in an experimental model of murine keratitis as evident from corneal opacity, clinical score and bacterial load. Thus, INP0341 appears to be a promising candidate to treat corneal infection caused by P. aeruginosa and can be further considered as an alternative therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Sharma
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, India.,Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, India
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Jurado-Martín I, Sainz-Mejías M, McClean S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3128. [PMID: 33803907 PMCID: PMC8003266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing P. aeruginosa with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large P. aeruginosa genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating P. aeruginosa evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (I.J.-M.); (M.S.-M.)
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Hotinger JA, Pendergrass HA, May AE. Molecular Targets and Strategies for Inhibition of the Bacterial Type III Secretion System (T3SS); Inhibitors Directly Binding to T3SS Components. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020316. [PMID: 33669653 PMCID: PMC7922566 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus used by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to cause infections. Pathogens utilizing a T3SS are responsible for millions of infections yearly. Since many T3SS knockout strains are incapable of causing systemic infection, the T3SS has emerged as an attractive anti-virulence target for therapeutic design. The T3SS is a multiprotein molecular syringe that enables pathogens to inject effector proteins into host cells. These effectors modify host cell mechanisms in a variety of ways beneficial to the pathogen. Due to the T3SS’s complex nature, there are numerous ways in which it can be targeted. This review will be focused on the direct targeting of components of the T3SS, including the needle, translocon, basal body, sorting platform, and effector proteins. Inhibitors will be considered a direct inhibitor if they have a binding partner that is a T3SS component, regardless of the inhibitory effect being structural or functional.
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Shrestha GS, Vijay AK, Stapleton F, Henriquez FL, Carnt N. Understanding clinical and immunological features associated with Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus keratitis. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 44:3-13. [PMID: 33303356 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the two dominant Gram-negative and -positive species, respectively, isolated from patients with contact lens-related bacterial keratitis. The clinical features of bacterial keratitis vary, such that timely differential diagnosis can be challenging, which may cause a delay in diagnosis resulting in poorer outcome. This review aims to explore the current understanding of clinical and immunological features associated with contact lens-related P. aeruginosa and S. aureus keratitis based on currently available evidence. Firstly, the review characterises contact lens-related P. aeruginosa and S. aureus keratitis, based on clinical features and prognostic factors. Secondly, the review describes the primary immune response associated with a bacterial infection in in-vivo non-scratch contact lens-wearing animal models, colonised by bacteria on contact lens and topical administration of bacteria on the cornea. Finally, the review discusses the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in neutrophil recruitment based on both in-vivo scratch models of bacterial keratitis and bacterial challenged in cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona L Henriquez
- School of Health and Life Sciences, The University of the West of Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, United Kingdom
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Armentrout EI, Kundracik EC, Rietsch A. Cell-type-specific hypertranslocation of effectors by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:305-319. [PMID: 33012037 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to promote disease by injecting effector proteins into host cells. Common to many T3SSs is that injection of effector proteins is feedback inhibited. The mechanism of feedback inhibition and its role in pathogenesis are unclear. In the case of P. aeruginosa, the effector protein ExoS is central to limiting effector injection. ExoS is bifunctional, with an amino-terminal RhoGAP and a carboxy-terminal ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. We demonstrate that both domains are required to fully feedback inhibit effector injection. The RhoGAP-, but not the ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of the related effector protein ExoT also participates. Feedback inhibition does not involve translocator insertion nor pore-formation. Instead, feedback inhibition is due, in part, to a loss of the activating trigger for effector injection, and likely also decreased translocon stability. Surprisingly, feedback inhibition is abrogated in phagocytic cells. The lack of feedback inhibition in these cells requires phagocytic uptake of the bacteria, but cannot be explained through acidification of the phagosome or calcium limitation. Given that phagocytes are crucial for controlling P. aeruginosa infections, our data suggest that feedback inhibition allows P. aeruginosa to direct its effector arsenal against the cell types most damaging to its survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Armentrout
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emma C Kundracik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Bouillot S, Pont S, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Deruelle V, Attrée I, Huber P. Inflammasome activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa's ExlA pore-forming toxin is detrimental for the host. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13251. [PMID: 32779854 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the inflammatory response is essential for bacterial clearance. Neutrophil recruitment can be initiated following the assembly of an inflammasome within sentinel macrophages, leading to activation of caspase-1, which in turn triggers macrophage pyroptosis and IL-1β/IL-18 maturation. Inflammasome formation can be induced by a number of bacterial determinants, including Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) or pore-forming toxins, or, alternatively, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via caspase-11 activation. Surprisingly, previous studies indicated that a T3SS-induced inflammasome increased pathogenicity in mouse models of P. aeruginosa infection. Here, we investigated the immune reaction of mice infected with a T3SS-negative P. aeruginosa strain (IHMA879472). Virulence of this strain relies on ExlA, a secreted pore-forming toxin. IHMA879472 promoted massive neutrophil infiltration in infected lungs, owing to efficient priming of toll-like receptors, and thus enhanced the expression of inflammatory proteins including pro-IL-1β and TNF-α. However, mature-IL-1β and IL-18 were undetectable in wild-type mice, suggesting that ExlA failed to effectively activate caspase-1. Nevertheless, caspase-1/11 deficiency improved survival following infection with IHMA879472, as previously described for T3SS+ bacteria. We conclude that the detrimental effect associated with the ExlA-induced inflammasome is probably not due to hyperinflammation, rather it stems from another inflammasome-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bouillot
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Pont
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Deruelle
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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