1
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Lucci E, Antonelli L, Gherardi M, Fanali C, Fanali S, Scipioni A, Lupattelli P, Gentili A, Chankvetadze B. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the enantioselective multiresidue determination of nine chiral agrochemicals in urine using an enrichment procedure based on graphitized carbon black. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1127-1137. [PMID: 38108844 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals are chiral molecules, and most of them are marketed as racemates or diastereomeric mixtures. Stereoisomers that are not the active enantiomer have little or no pesticidal activity and can exert serious toxic effects towards non-target organisms. Thus, investigating the possible exposure to different isomers of chiral pesticides is an urgent need. The present work was aimed at developing a new enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of nine chiral pesticides in urine. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures, based on different carbon-based sorbents (graphitized carbon black (GCB) and buckypaper (BP)), were developed and compared. By using GCB, all analytes were recovered with yields ranging from 60 to 97%, while BP allowed recoveries greater than 54% for all pesticides except those with acid characteristics. Baseline separation was achieved for the enantiomers of all target agrochemicals on a Lux Cellulose-2 column within 24 min under reversed-phase mode. The developed method was then validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods. Besides recovery, the other evaluated parameters were precision (7-15%), limits of detection (0.26-2.21 µg/L), lower limits of quantitation (0.43-3.68 µg/L), linear dynamic range, and sensitivity. Finally, the validated method was applied to verify the occurrence of the pesticide enantiomers in urine samples from occupationally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Gherardi
- INAIL-DiMEILA, Chemical Risk Laboratory, Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- School in Nanoscience and Advanced Technologies, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Scipioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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2
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Lucci E, Dal Bosco C, Antonelli L, Fanali C, Fanali S, Gentili A, Chankvetadze B. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatographic separations to study occurrence and fate of chiral pesticides in soil, water, and agricultural products. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Betzenbichler G, Huber L, Kräh S, Morkos MLK, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Chiral stationary phases and applications in gas chromatography. Chirality 2022; 34:732-759. [PMID: 35315953 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds are ubiquitous in nature and play a pivotal role in biochemical processes, in chiroptical materials and applications, and as chiral drugs. The analysis and determination of the enantiomeric ratio (er) of chiral compounds is of enormous scientific, industrial, and economic importance. Chiral separation techniques and methods have become indispensable tools to separate chiral compounds into their enantiomers on an analytical as well on a preparative level to obtain enantiopure compounds. Chiral gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography have paved the way and fostered several research areas, that is, asymmetric synthesis and catalysis in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and supramolecular chemistry. The development of highly enantioselective chiral stationary phases was essential. In particular, the elucidation and understanding of the underlying enantioselective supramolecular separation mechanisms led to the design of new chiral stationary phases. This review article focuses on the development of chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. The fundamental mechanisms of the recognition and separation of enantiomers and the selectors and chiral stationary phases used in chiral gas chromatography are presented. An overview over syntheses and applications of these chiral stationary phases is presented as a practical guidance for enantioselective separation of chiral compound classes and substances by gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kräh
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander F Siegle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Chankvetadze B. Our research cooperation with Professor Yoshio Okamoto. Chirality 2022; 34:630-645. [PMID: 35048410 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes our cooperation with the research group of Prof. Yoshio Okamoto at Nagoya University during the period of time between 1992 and 2005. Although the text deals entirely with enantioseparations in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography, this is not a detailed review in any of these areas. The text highlights selected aspects of these techniques, which have been the subject of our joint research and in part their reflection in follow-up research by our and other research groups. Together with more systematically studied topics, aspects such as ultrafast separation of enantiomers, uncommonly high separation factor of enantiomers and other related issues are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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5
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Immobilization of Chondroitin Sulfate A onto Monolithic Epoxy Silica Column as a New Chiral Stationary Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020098. [PMID: 33513944 PMCID: PMC7911330 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate A was covalently immobilized onto a monolithic silica epoxy column involving a Schiff base formation in the presence of ethylenediamine as a spacer and evaluated in terms of its selectivity in enantioseparation. The obtained column was utilized as a chiral stationary phase in enantioseparation of amlodipine and verapamil using a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.5 and UV detection. Sample dilution by organic solvents (preferably 25% v/v acetonitrile-aqueous solution) was applied to achieve baseline enantioresolution (Rs > 3.0) of the individual drug models within 7 min, an excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999) and an interday repeatability of 1.1% to 1.8% RSD. The performance of the immobilized column for quantification of racemate in commercial tablets showed a recovery of 86–98% from tablet matrices. Computational modeling by molecular docking was employed to investigate the feasible complexes between enantiomers and the chiral selector.
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6
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Fanali S, Chankvetadze B. History, advancement, bottlenecks, and future of chiral capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461832. [PMID: 33383238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) represents a technique with less than 30 years of intense development and in this period this technique has seen huge promise, fast development, stagnation, and significant decline of innovative activity. The major goal of the present overview is not to present an extensive review of the literature on chiral CEC but to analyze the reasons for this dramatic development and attempting to answer questions such as: 1) Was the potential of CEC reasonably evaluated in 1990s before starting the explosive development in this field? 2) Did the development of this technique take the right track? 3) What other developments and competitive trends led to stagnation in the advancement of CEC? 4) Why is the activity in this field currently decreasing? 5) What are the current challenges and promises and what is the future of chiral CEC?
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia.
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7
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Yang Y, Hu J, Fang H, Hou X, Hou Z, Sang L, Yang X. Enantioseparation of lysine derivatives on amylose tris (3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as chiral stationary phase with high separation factor. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Dascalu AE, Speybrouck D, Billamboz M, Corens D, Ghinet A, Lipka E. Analytical and preparative enantioseparations in supercritical fluid chromatography using different brands of immobilized cellulose tris (3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) columns: Some differences. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461125. [PMID: 32381300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the origin and the manufacturing processes of the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) on their chromatographic behaviors. Hence, four chiral stationary phases based on immobilized tris (3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) derivative of cellulose supplied by four different manufacturers were evaluated. A set of twenty-nine compounds, including commercially available and in-house synthesized compounds, with a broad range of lipophilicity and polarity was chosen. Three main parameters were evaluated on all stationary phases: retention factor, selectivity and loading capacity. This work highlighted that the retention factor strongly varied according to the manufacturer. Regardless of the characteristic of the tested compounds i.e. neutral, acidic or basic, there was a trend in retention ability of the four chiral stationary phases: retention was increasing from CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SC, REFLECT I-Cellulose C, Chiralpak IC to Lux i-Cellulose-5. On the contrary, selectivity did not follow the same trend as retention. The difference in selectivity between each column towards one compound was quite low while the difference in resolution depended on the nature of the compounds investigated and was significant in certain cases. Finally, the four different columns presented similar and high loading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Elena Dascalu
- U1167 Inserm RID-AGE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, Health & Environment Department, Team Sustainable Chemistry, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, F-59046 Lille, France; UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, BP 83, F-59006 Lille, France; Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Romania
| | - David Speybrouck
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Campus de Maigremont, F-27106 Val de Reuil, Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- U1167 Inserm RID-AGE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, Health & Environment Department, Team Sustainable Chemistry, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, F-59046 Lille, France
| | - David Corens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alina Ghinet
- U1167 Inserm RID-AGE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, Health & Environment Department, Team Sustainable Chemistry, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, F-59046 Lille, France; Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Romania
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- U1167 Inserm RID-AGE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, BP 83, F-59006 Lille, France.
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9
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Zhou Y, Liang Q, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Huang M. Chiral separations with crosslinked cellulose derivatives attached onto hybrid silica monolith particles via the thiol-ene click reaction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2727-2734. [PMID: 32930304 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid silica monolith containing vinyl groups was synthesized by a sol-gel method, and then ground and treated, yielding silica particles with a 3-5 μm particle size and a 10-20 nm pore size. Cellulose derivatives containing 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate groups and methacrylate groups regioselectively were then immobilized onto the surface of the above particles by the thiol-ene click reaction using an alkanedithiol as the crosslinking agent, thus forming a solvent-resisting crosslinked network structure attached onto the surface of the particles. The immobilization degree was more than 80%, and the back pressure of the chiral stationary phase (CSP) packed column was relatively low and was maintained at around 3.0 MPa. The as-prepared CSPs were shown to be able to effectively separate various enantiomers with different mobile phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhou
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Qian Liang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Zhilun Zhang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Mingxian Huang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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10
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Recent advances in preparation and applications of monolithic chiral stationary phases. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Chankvetadze B. Recent trends in preparation, investigation and application of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Comparative study on enantiomer resolving ability of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) covalently immobilized onto silica in nano-liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:460425. [PMID: 31471135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study separation of enantiomers of some chiral neutral and weakly acidic analytes was investigated on the chiral stationary phase (CSP) made by covalent immobilization of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) onto silica in nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in acetonitrile and aqueous acetonitrile. Few comparisons were made also between the enantioseparations in nano-LC and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the chiral column of 4.6 × 250 mm dimension. Slightly better separation of enantiomers was observed in HPLC mode compared to nano-LC mode. It was shown that in the capillary columns packed with the CSP containing about 20% (w/w) of a covalently immobilized neutral chiral selector, amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate), sufficient electroosmotic flow has been generated and enantioseparations with reasonable analysis time were performed also in CEC mode. It was shown once again that CEC offers a clear advantage over nano-LC from the viewpoint of plate numbers and peak resolution.
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13
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Fouad A, Ibrahim D, Adly FG, Ghanem A. An insight into chiral monolithic stationary phases for enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography applications. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2303-2340. [PMID: 31050176 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, three main classes of chiral monolithic stationary phases, namely silica-, organic polymer-, and hybrid-based monolithic stationary phases, are covered. Their preparations, applications, and advantages compared with the conventional-packed and open-tubular capillary columns are discussed. A detailed description of the different types and techniques used for the introduction of chiral selectors into the monolithic matrices such as immobilization, functionalization, coating, encapsulation, and bonding. Special emphasis is given to the recent developments of chiral selectors in HPLC monolithic stationary phases during the past 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Chirality Program, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Diana Ibrahim
- Chirality Program, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Frady G Adly
- Chirality Program, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
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14
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Fanali S, Chankvetadze B. Some thoughts about enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2420-2437. [PMID: 31081552 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this overview the goal of the authors was to analyze from the historical perspective the reasons of success and failure of chiral capillary electrophoresis. In addition, the current trends are analyzed, unique advantages of capillary electrophoresis are highlighted and some future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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15
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Chromatographic and thermodynamic comparison of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) coated or covalently immobilized on silica in high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of select chiral weak acids. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:228-236. [PMID: 31126590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers of some chiral weak acids was studied in HPLC with chiral HPLC columns prepared by coating or covalent immobilization of the same chiral selector, namely amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) onto silica. After screening some representatives of arylpropionic acid derivatives, coumarins and barbiturates in hydrocarbon-alcohol type mobile phases, we studied the temperature dependence of separation parameters for ketoprofen and naproxen. Instances of reversal of the enantiomer elution order were observed function of column temperature, nature of polar modifier and its content in the mobile phase, as well as between the coated and covalently immobilized versions of the columns made with more-or-less the same chiral selector. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy, the standard molar entropy and the standard molar enthalpy of analyte transfer from the mobile to the stationary phase were calculated in some cases in order to explain the differences observed in the enantiomer separation ability and pattern of coated and covalently immobilized columns.
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16
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A facile and efficient method to fabricate high-resolution immobilized cellulose-based chiral stationary phases via thiol-ene click chemistry. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases for Enantioseparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:93-126. [PMID: 31069731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the application of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Since this book contains dedicated chapters on enantioseparations using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), or capillary electrochromatography (CEC), the application of polysaccharide-based materials in these modes of liquid-phase separation techniques is touched just superficially. Special emphasis is directed toward a discussion of the optimization of polysaccharide-based chiral selectors, their attachment onto the carrier, and the optimization of the support. The optimization of the separation of enantiomers based on various parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature is discussed.
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18
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Vieira AT, Assunção RMN, Faria AM. Stationary phase based on cellulose dodecanoate physically immobilized on silica particles for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:72-81. [PMID: 30153982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical agent free preparation of a stationary phase using a natural macromolecule was the focus of this paper. Thermal immobilization of cellulose dodecanoate on silica particles was used for the preparation of a stationary phase without the use of chemical reagents. Cellulose modification was performed to produce a hydrophobic macromolecule with solubility in common organic solvents. The new stationary phase was characterized morphologically and physico-chemically, presenting as spherical particles immobilized with a thin cellulose dodecanoate layer. The degree of substitution of cellulose dodecanoate was 1.7, which resulted in a separation mechanism in reversed phase mode, but with lower hydrophobicity and higher steric selectivity, which are properties from cellulose. These characteristics resulted in a stationary phase with intrinsic selectivity that was able to separate mixtures of polar drugs, homologs of an anionic surfactant and omeprazole isomers, which are not well resolved in typical C18 phases. Considering that cellulose is a natural polymer and the preparation method of stationary phase involves only physical processes of silica modification, the final material presents as a stationary phase with specific retention properties coming from both dodecanoate and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa T Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosana M N Assunção
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Anizio M Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil.
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Bezhitashvili L, Bardavelidze A, Mskhiladze A, Gumustas M, Ozkan SA, Volonterio A, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. Application of cellulose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate covalently immobilized on superficially porous silica for the separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:132-139. [PMID: 30098733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies have demonstrated the applicability of polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in combination with superficially porous (or core-shell) silica (SPS) particles for the preparation of highly efficient chiral stationary phases (CSP). In earlier studies, CSPs were prepared by coating (adsorption) of the chiral selector onto the surface of silica. In this study we report for the first time the CSP obtained by covalent immobilization of a chiral selector onto the surface of SPS particles. The applicability of this CSP for the separation of enantiomers in pure methanol and acetonitrile, as well as in n-hexane/2-propanol mobile phases is shown. The effect of the injected sample amount, mobile phase flow rate and detection frequency on separation performance were studied, as well as high efficiency separation of enantiomers with the analysis time less than 30 s was attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Bezhitashvili
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Anna Bardavelidze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Antonina Mskhiladze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Healthcare, Sokhumi State University, Polytkovskaya 9, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Anadolu Ave, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Anadolu Ave, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7-20131, Milano, Italy; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Tivadar Farkas
- Phenomenex Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, 90501 CA, USA
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia.
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20
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Separation of enantiomers of chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with cellulose-based chiral selectors using methanol and methanol-water mixtures as mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1557:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Beridze N, Tsutskiridze E, Takaishvili N, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. Comparative Enantiomer-Resolving Ability of Coated and Covalently Immobilized Versions of Two Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Selectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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D’Orazio G, Fanali C, Karchkhadze M, Chankvetadze B, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separation of some chiral analytes using amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate covalently immobilized on silica by nano-liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1520:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Han M, Jin X, Yang H, Liu X, Liu Y, Ji S. Controlled synthesis, immobilization and chiral recognition of carboxylic acid functionalized cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:223-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Fouad A, Ghanem A. Immobilized Chiral Selectors on Monolithic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315116372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Fouad A, Marzouk AA, Ibrahim SM, El-Adl SM, Ghanem A. Functionalized polymer monoliths with carbamylated amylose for the enantioselective reversed phase nano-liquid chromatographic separation of a set of racemic pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:91-99. [PMID: 28797665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first encapsulation of three carbamylated amylose namely R-, S- and R/S-amylose 2,3(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-6-ethylphenylcarbamate in organic polymer monolith in situ capillary columns. The columns were investigated for the enantioselective nano-liquid chromatographic separation of a set of racemic pharmaceuticals, namely, α- and β-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Baseline separation was achieved for several drugs under reversed phase chromatographic conditions and only few drugs were separated under normal phase conditions. The developed columns provide more economical analysis under environmentally benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Chirality Program, Faculty of ESTEM, University of Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samy M Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sobhy M El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of ESTEM, University of Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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26
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Bai ZW, Yang F, Fu KQ, Wang XC, Liu JD, Chen W, Huang SH, Tang S. Evaluation and comparison of N-cycloalkylformylated chitosan bis(arylcarbamate)s as chiral selectors for enantioseparation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation materials were prepared by coating chitosan bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-(N-cycloalkylformamide)s onto silica gel for enantiomeric separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Ke-Qin Fu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Jian-De Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Shao-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
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27
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Ikegami T, Tanaka N. Recent Progress in Monolithic Silica Columns for High-Speed and High-Selectivity Separations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:317-342. [PMID: 27306311 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic silica columns have greater (through-pore size)/(skeleton size) ratios than particulate columns and fixed support structures in a column for chemical modification, resulting in high-efficiency columns and stationary phases. This review looks at how the size range of monolithic silica columns has been expanded, how high-efficiency monolithic silica columns have been realized, and how various methods of silica surface functionalization, leading to selective stationary phases, have been developed on monolithic silica supports, and provides information on the current status of these columns. Also discussed are the practical aspects of monolithic silica columns, including how their versatility can be improved by the preparation of small-sized structural features (sub-micron) and columns (1 mm ID or smaller) and by optimizing reaction conditions for in situ chemical modification with various restrictions, with an emphasis on recent research results for both topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
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28
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Declerck S, Vander Heyden Y, Mangelings D. Enantioseparations of pharmaceuticals with capillary electrochromatography: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:81-99. [PMID: 27156645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation of pharmaceuticals is one of the major research topics in the pharmaceutical industry. Chromatographic techniques are most frequently used in this context. Separations in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are an alternative and achieved by chromatographic retention and electrophoretic mobility principles. As a result, CEC is characterized by a high selectivity and efficiency. The limited number of stationary phases specifically developed for CEC, the low number of commercially available CEC columns, the frits to maintain the stationary phase, which forms fragile spots in the columns, and the limited column robustness and reproducibility, make CEC not very attractive for industrial application. However, CEC is still applied and studied in the academic field. This review discusses the enantioseparation of drugs in CEC published during the last four years, with a critical view on the reproducibility and the practical utility of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Declerck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Debby Mangelings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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29
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Chiral stationary phases based on chitosan bis(methylphenylcarbamate)-(isobutyrylamide) for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:112-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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HPLC Separation of Enantiomers of Some Flavanone Derivatives Using Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Selectors Covalently Immobilized on Silica. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-3014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Shen J, Okamoto Y. Efficient Separation of Enantiomers Using Stereoregular Chiral Polymers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1094-138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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32
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Novell A, Minguillón C. Monolithic silica columns with covalently attached octaproline chiral selector. Dependence of performance on derivatization degree and comparison with a bead-based analogue. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1384:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Shen J, Ikai T, Okamoto Y. Synthesis and application of immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Sancho R, Novell A, Svec F, Minguillón C. Monolithic silica columns functionalized with substituted polyproline-derived chiral selectors as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2805-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sancho
- Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus; University of Barcelona; Santa Coloma de Gramenet Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Arnau Novell
- Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus; University of Barcelona; Santa Coloma de Gramenet Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Cristina Minguillón
- Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus; University of Barcelona; Santa Coloma de Gramenet Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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35
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Al-Othman ZA, Al-Warthan A, Ali I. Advances in enantiomeric resolution on monolithic chiral stationary phases in liquid chromatography and electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1033-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. Al-Othman
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi India
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36
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Bai L, Huang M, Chen J, Zhang Y. Synthesis of cellulose-2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) in an ionic liquid and its chiral separation efficiency as stationary phase. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6161-8. [PMID: 24733066 PMCID: PMC4013621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A chiral selector of cellulose-2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CBDMPC) was synthesized by reacting 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate with microcrystalline cellulose dissolved in an ionic liquid of 1-allyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (AMIMCl). The obtained chiral selector was effectively characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and 1H NMR. The selector was reacted with 3-aminopropylsilanized silica gel and the CBDMPC bonded chiral stationary phase (CSP) was obtained. Chromatographic evaluation of the prepared CSPs was conducted by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and baseline separation of three typical fungicides including hexaconazole, metalaxyl and myclobutanil was achieved using n-hexane/isopropanol as the mobile phase with a flow rate 1.0 mL/min. Experimental results also showed that AMIMCl could be recycled easily and reused in the preparation of CSPs as an effective reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yijun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Mingxian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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37
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Cabooter D, Broeckhoven K, Sterken R, Vanmessen A, Vandendael I, Nakanishi K, Deridder S, Desmet G. Detailed characterization of the kinetic performance of first and second generation silica monolithic columns for reversed-phase chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Zhang YJ, Huang M, Zhang Y, Ryoo JJ. Preparation of Bonded Cellulose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) Chiral Stationary Phases by Using Three Bifunctional Reagents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Tsioupi DA, Stefan-Vanstaden RI, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral selectors in CE: recent developments and applications. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:178-204. [PMID: 23161372 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the recent advances in enantioanalysis by use of electrophoretic techniques. Due to the big number of publications in the subject mentioned above, this article is focused on chiral method developments and applications published from 2008 until 2011, and it demonstrates chiral selectors used in CE. Numerous chiral selectors have been used over the years, and these include the cyclic and the linear oligo- and polysaccharides, the branched polysaccharides, the polymeric and monomeric surfactants, the macrocyclic and other antibiotics, and the crown ethers. Different dual-selector systems are also presented in this article, and the results are compared with those obtained by use of a single chiral selector. Finally, several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications based on chiral recognition are summarized.
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40
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Efficient immobilization of polysaccharide derivatives as chiral stationary phases via copolymerization with vinyl monomers. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Chankvetadze B. Enantioseparations by high-performance liquid chromatography using polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases: an overview. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:81-111. [PMID: 23283772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the application of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Since this book contains dedicated chapters on enantioseparations using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography, the application of polysaccharide-based materials in these modes of liquid phase separation techniques are touched just superficially. More emphasis is directed toward a discussion of the optimization of polysaccharide-based chiral selectors, their attachment onto the carrier, and the optimization of the support. The optimization of the separation of enantiomers based on various parameters such as mobile phase composition and temperature is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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42
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Complementary enantiorecognition patterns and specific method optimization aspects on immobilized polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:178-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Chankvetadze B. Recent developments on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for liquid-phase separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:26-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Liu Y, Heyden YV, Mangelings D. Amylose-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate immobilized on monolithic silica stationary phases for chiral separations in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1613-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Lv C, Liu Y, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Enantioselectivity of monolithic silica stationary phases immobilized with different concentrations cellulose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), analyzed with different mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2708-17. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Yang JH, Choi SH. Synthesis of a chiral stationary phase with poly[styrene-b-cellulose 2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)] by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its chiral resolution efficiency. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Okamoto Y, Ikai T, Shen J. Controlled Immobilization of Polysaccharide Derivatives for Efficient Chiral Separation. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Bae IA, Park JH, Choi SH. Synthesis of chiral stationary phase via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of vinylated cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Pittler E, Schmid MG. Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by HPLC on a monolithic column dynamically coated with a vancomycin derivative. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:1213-9. [PMID: 20954213 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work a chiral stationary phase was prepared by dynamically coating a monolithic reversed-phase HPLC column with a vancomycin-derivative as chiral selector. A hydrophobic alkyl-chain was attached to the vancomycin molecule, providing the immobilization of the chiral selector on the reversed-phase material. Dansyl amino acids were chosen as model analytes for testing the separation power of the dynamically coated phase. All investigated compounds were separated into their enantiomers. Compared with a conventionally packed vancomycin-CSP, a reversal of the enantiomer elution order was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfriede Pittler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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