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Mahamar A, Traore M, Swihart B, Attaher O, Diarra BS, Santara G, Issiaka D, Barry A, Sidibé Y, Dicko YT, Keita S, Ndiaye O, Dicko A, Duffy PE, Fried M. Acquisition of antibodies that block Plasmodium falciparum adhesion to placental receptor chondroitin sulfate A with increasing gravidity in Malian women. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1330962. [PMID: 38274790 PMCID: PMC10808177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1330962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In malaria-endemic areas, pregnant women are more susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially primigravidae. During pregnancy, parasites sequester in the placenta and bind to the receptor chondroitin sulfate (CSA). This unique adhesion is mediated by the parasite protein VAR2CSA expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes (IE). Placental malaria is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes including perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA) and low birthweight deliveries. Over successive pregnancies, women acquire functional antibodies that inhibit IE adhesion to CSA. Here, we examine the development of anti-adhesion activity and the breadth of anti-adhesion activity as a function of number of previous pregnancies, using samples collected from pregnant women living in an area with high seasonal malaria transmission. Women reached plateau levels of anti-adhesion activity and breadth of anti-adhesion activity after 5 pregnancies. We related the level of anti-adhesion activity and reactivity with surface IE to SGA 19/232 pregnancies resulted in SGA, and report that an increase of 10% in median anti-adhesion activity reduced the odds of SGA by 13% and this relationship approached significance. Further, at an anti-adhesion activity level of 43.7%, an increase of 10% in the breadth of activity significantly reduced the odds of SGA by 21.5%. Antibodies that recognize IE surface increased over successive pregnancies, but were not associated with a reduction in SGA. These results can serve as a guideline for assessing vaccine candidates aiming to reduce poor pregnancy outcomes associated with placental malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Traore
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bruce Swihart
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Oumar Attaher
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bacary Soumana Diarra
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Gaoussou Santara
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Djibrilla Issiaka
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Barry
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Youssoufa Sidibé
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yahia T. Dicko
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekouba Keita
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oulematou Ndiaye
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research & Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michal Fried
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Liu H, Wei W, Pang Z, Gu S, Song W, Gao C, Chen X, Liu J, Guo L, Wu J, Liu L. Protein engineering, cofactor engineering, and surface display engineering to achieve whole-cell catalytic production of chondroitin sulfate A. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37203999 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) is a valuable glycosaminoglycan that has great market demand. However, current synthetic methods are limited by requiring the expensive sulfate group donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and inefficient enzyme carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11). Herein, we report the design and integration of the PAPS synthesis and sulfotransferase pathways to realize whole-cell catalytic production of CSA. Using mechanism-based protein engineering, we improved the thermostability and catalytic efficiency of CHST11; its Tm and half-life increased by 6.9°C and 3.5 h, respectively, and its specific activity increased 2.1-fold. Via cofactor engineering, we designed a dual-cycle strategy of regenerating ATP and PAPS to increase the supply of PAPS. Through surface display engineering, we realized the outer membrane expression of CHST11 and constructed a whole-cell catalytic system of CSA production with an 89.5% conversion rate. This whole-cell catalytic process provides a promising method for the industrial production of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zixuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Simin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Sheng J, Jin X, Xu R, Wang Y, Kang Z. [One-pot synthesis of chondroitin sulfate A by engineered Pichia pastoris]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2022; 38:2594-2605. [PMID: 35871627 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear polysaccharide, which is widely used in medical, health care and other fields. Compared with the traditional animal tissue extraction method, microbial synthesis of CS has the advantages of controllability and easiness of scaling-up. In order to achieve an efficient synthesis of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), we constructed a recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115 strain capable of synthesizing chondroitin (Ch) from glycerol by introducing the Ch synthase coding genes kfoC, kfoA and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase coding gene tuaD into the P. pastoris chromosome. The titer of Ch reached 2.6 g/L in fed-batch cultures upon optimizing the synthesis pathway of Ch. After further expressing the chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase (C4ST), we developed a one-pot biosynthesis system for CSA production by directly adding 3'-adenosine-5'-phosphoryl sulfate and C4ST into the high-pressure homogenized recombinant P. pastoris cells. Eventually, controllable synthesis of 0-40% CSA with different sulfation degrees were achieved by optimizing the catalytic conditions. The one-pot biosynthesis system constructed here is easy to operate and easy to scale up for industrial production of CSA. The idea of the present study may also facilitate the biosynthesis of other glycosaminoglycan, for instance, heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Talundzic E, Scott S, Owino SO, Campo DS, Lucchi NW, Udhayakumar V, Moore JM, Peterson DS. Polymorphic Molecular Signatures in Variable Regions of the Plasmodium falciparum var2csa DBL3x Domain Are Associated with Virulence in Placental Malaria. Pathogens 2022; 11:520. [PMID: 35631041 PMCID: PMC9147263 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum protein VAR2CSA allows infected erythrocytes to accumulate within the placenta, inducing pathology and poor birth outcomes. Multiple exposures to placental malaria (PM) induce partial immunity against VAR2CSA, making it a promising vaccine candidate. However, the extent to which VAR2CSA genetic diversity contributes to immune evasion and virulence remains poorly understood. The deep sequencing of the var2csa DBL3X domain in placental blood from forty-nine primigravid and multigravid women living in malaria-endemic western Kenya revealed numerous unique sequences within individuals in association with chronic PM but not gravidity. Additional analysis unveiled four distinct sequence types that were variably present in mixed proportions amongst the study population. An analysis of the abundance of each of these sequence types revealed that one was inversely related to infant gestational age, another was inversely related to placental parasitemia, and a third was associated with chronic PM. The categorization of women according to the type to which their dominant sequence belonged resulted in the segregation of types as a function of gravidity: two types predominated in multigravidae whereas the other two predominated in primigravidae. The univariate logistic regression analysis of sequence type dominance further revealed that gravidity, maternal age, placental parasitemia, and hemozoin burden (within maternal leukocytes), reported a lack of antimalarial drug use, and infant gestational age and birth weight influenced the odds of membership in one or more of these sequence predominance groups. Cumulatively, these results show that unique var2csa sequences differentially appear in women with different PM exposure histories and segregate to types independently associated with maternal factors, infection parameters, and birth outcomes. The association of some var2csa sequence types with indicators of pathogenesis should motivate vaccine efforts to further identify and target VAR2CSA epitopes associated with maternal morbidity and poor birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldin Talundzic
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.T.); (N.W.L.); (V.U.)
| | - Stephen Scott
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Simon O. Owino
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, GA 30601, USA;
| | - David S. Campo
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - Naomi W. Lucchi
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.T.); (N.W.L.); (V.U.)
| | - Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.T.); (N.W.L.); (V.U.)
| | - Julie M. Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David S. Peterson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Davidovic T, Schimpf J, Sprenger-Mähr H, Abbassi-Nik A, Soleiman A, Zitt E, Lhotta K. Preparation and evaluation of reduction-responsive micelles based on disulfide-linked chondroitin sulfate A-tocopherol succinate for controlled antitumour drug release. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1405-1417. [PMID: 34254648 PMCID: PMC8556126 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was to construct reduction-responsive chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)-conjugated TOS (CST) micelles with disulfide bond linkage, which was used for controlled doxorubicin (DOX) release and improved drug efficacy in vivo. METHODS CST and non-responsive CSA-conjugated TOS (CAT) were synthesized, and the chemical structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering. Antitumour drug DOX was physically encapsulated into CST and CSA by dialysis method. Cell uptake of DOX-based formulations was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity was studied in A549 and AGS cells. Furthermore, antitumour activity was evaluated in A549-bearing mice. KEY FINDINGS CST and CAT can form self-assembled micelles, and have low value of critical micelle concentration. Notably, DOX-containing CST (D-CST) micelles demonstrated reduction-triggered drug release in glutathione-containing media. Further, reduction-responsive uptake of D-CST was observed in A549 cells. In addition, D-CST induced stronger cytotoxicity (P < 0.05) than DOX-loaded CAT (D-CAT) against A549 and AGS cells. Moreover, D-CST exhibited significantly stronger antitumour activity in A549-bearing nude mice than doxorubicin hydrochloride and D-CAT. CONCLUSIONS The reduction-responsive CST micelles enhanced the DOX effect at tumour site and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Davidovic
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Judith Schimpf
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hannelore Sprenger-Mähr
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Armin Abbassi-Nik
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Afschin Soleiman
- Pathology, Cytodiagnostics and Molecular Pathology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Karl Lhotta
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
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Ratih R, Wätzig H, Azminah A, Asmari M, Peters B, El Deeb S. Immobilization of Chondroitin Sulfate A onto Monolithic Epoxy Silica Column as a New Chiral Stationary Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:98. [PMID: 33513944 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate A was covalently immobilized onto a monolithic silica epoxy column involving a Schiff base formation in the presence of ethylenediamine as a spacer and evaluated in terms of its selectivity in enantioseparation. The obtained column was utilized as a chiral stationary phase in enantioseparation of amlodipine and verapamil using a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.5 and UV detection. Sample dilution by organic solvents (preferably 25% v/v acetonitrile-aqueous solution) was applied to achieve baseline enantioresolution (Rs > 3.0) of the individual drug models within 7 min, an excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999) and an interday repeatability of 1.1% to 1.8% RSD. The performance of the immobilized column for quantification of racemate in commercial tablets showed a recovery of 86–98% from tablet matrices. Computational modeling by molecular docking was employed to investigate the feasible complexes between enantiomers and the chiral selector.
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Zhang B, Tan L, Yu Y, Wang B, Chen Z, Han J, Li M, Chen J, Xiao T, Ambati BK, Cai L, Yang Q, Nayak NR, Zhang J, Fan X. Placenta-specific drug delivery by trophoblast-targeted nanoparticles in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2765-2781. [PMID: 29774074 PMCID: PMC5957008 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The availability of therapeutics to treat pregnancy complications is severely lacking, mainly due to the risk of harm to the fetus. In placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) accumulate in the placenta by adhering to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) on the surfaces of trophoblasts. Based on this principle, we have developed a method for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta using a synthetic placental CSA-binding peptide (plCSA-BP) derived from VAR2CSA, a CSA-binding protein expressed on IEs. Methods: A biotinylated plCSA-BP was used to examine the specificity of plCSA-BP binding to mouse and human placental tissue in tissue sections in vitro. Different nanoparticles, including plCSA-BP-conjugated nanoparticles loaded with indocyanine green (plCSA-INPs) or methotrexate (plCSA-MNPs), were administered intravenously to pregnant mice to test their efficiency at drug delivery to the placenta in vivo. The tissue distribution and localization of the plCSA-INPs were monitored in live animals using an IVIS imaging system. The effect of plCSA-MNPs on fetal and placental development and pregnancy outcome were examined using a small-animal high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging system, and the concentrations of methotrexate in fetal and placental tissues were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: plCSA-BP binds specifically to trophoblasts and not to other cell types in the placenta or to CSA-expressing cells in other tissues. Moreover, we found that intravenously administered plCSA-INPs accumulate in the mouse placenta, and ex vivo analysis of the fetuses and placentas confirmed placenta-specific delivery of these nanoparticles. We also demonstrate successful delivery of methotrexate specifically to placental cells by plCSA-BP-conjugated nanoparticles, resulting in dramatic impairment of placental and fetal development. Importantly, plCSA-MNPs treatment had no apparent adverse effects on maternal tissues. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that plCSA-BP-guided nanoparticles could be used for the targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta and serve as a novel placenta-specific drug delivery option.
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Agerbæk MØ, Pereira MA, Clausen TM, Pehrson C, Oo HZ, Spliid C, Rich JR, Fung V, Nkrumah F, Neequaye J, Biggar RJ, Reynolds SJ, Tosato G, Pullarkat ST, Ayers LW, Theander TG, Daugaard M, Bhatia K, Nielsen MA, Mbulaiteye SM, Salanti A. Burkitt lymphoma expresses oncofetal chondroitin sulfate without being a reservoir for placental malaria sequestration. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1597-1608. [PMID: 27997697 PMCID: PMC5318225 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a malignant disease, which is frequently found in areas with holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We have previously found that the VAR2CSA protein is present on malaria-infected erythrocytes and facilitates a highly specific binding to the placenta. ofCS is absent in other non-malignant tissues and thus VAR2CSA generally facilitates parasite sequestration and accumulation in pregnant women. In this study, we show that the specific receptor for VAR2CSA, the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), is likewise present in BL tissue and cell lines. We therefore explored whether ofCS in BL could act as anchor site for VAR2CSA-expressing infected erythrocytes. In contrast to the placenta, we found no evidence of in vivo sequestering of infected erythrocytes in the BL tissue. Furthermore, we found VAR2CSA-specific antibody titers in children with endemic BL to be lower than in control children from the same malaria endemic region. The abundant presence of ofCS in BL tissue and the absence of ofCS in non-malignant tissue encouraged us to examine whether recombinant VAR2CSA could be used to target BL. We confirmed the binding of VAR2CSA to BL-derived cells and showed that a VAR2CSA drug conjugate efficiently killed the BL-derived cell lines in vitro. These results identify ofCS as a novel therapeutic BL target and highlight how VAR2CSA could be used as a tool for the discovery of novel approaches for directing BL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ø. Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina A. Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Caroline Pehrson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Charlotte Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janet Neequaye
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu University Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert J. Biggar
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheeja T. Pullarkat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Leona W. Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thor G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Morten A. Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang F, Moniz HA, Walcott B, Moremen KW, Linhardt RJ, Wang L. Characterization of the interaction between Robo1 and heparin and other glycosaminoglycans. Biochimie 2013; 95:2345-53. [PMID: 23994753 PMCID: PMC3871176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Roundabout 1 (Robo1) is the cognate receptor for secreted axon guidance molecule, Slits, which function to direct cellular migration during neuronal development and angiogenesis. The Slit2-Robo1 signaling is modulated by heparan sulfate, a sulfated linear polysaccharide that is abundantly expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Biochemical studies have further shown that heparan sulfate binds to both Slit2 and Robo1 facilitating the ligand-receptor interaction. The structural requirements for heparan sulfate interaction with Robo1 remain unknown. In this report, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy was used to examine the interaction between Robo1 and heparin and other GAGs and determined that heparin binds to Robo1 with an affinity of ~650 nM. SPR solution competition studies with chemically modified heparins further determined that although all sulfo groups on heparin are important for the Robo1-heparin interaction, the N-sulfo and 6-O-sulfo groups are essential for the Robo1-heparin binding. Examination of differently sized heparin oligosaccharides and different GAGs also demonstrated that Robo1 prefers to bind full-length heparin chains and that GAGs with higher sulfation levels show increased Robo1 binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Heather A. Moniz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin Walcott
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Doritchamou J, Bigey P, Nielsen MA, Gnidehou S, Ezinmegnon S, Burgain A, Massougbodji A, Deloron P, Salanti A, Ndam NT. Differential adhesion-inhibitory patterns of antibodies raised against two major variants of the NTS-DBL2X region of VAR2CSA. Vaccine 2013; 31:4516-22. [PMID: 23933341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VAR2CSA is a large polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum protein expressed on infected erythrocytes (IE) that allows their binding in the placenta, thus precipitating placental malaria (PM). The N-terminal part of VAR2CSA that contains the binding site to placental chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) is currently recognized as the most attractive region for vaccine development. An ultimate challenge is to define epitopes in this region that induce a broad cross-reactive adhesion inhibitory antibody response. METHODS Based on phylogenetic data that identified a dimorphic sequence motif in the VAR2CSA DBL2X, we raised antibodies against the NTS-DBL2X constructs containing one sequence or the other (3D7 and FCR3) and tested their functional properties on P. falciparum isolates from pregnant women and on laboratory-adapted strains. RESULTS The CSA binding inhibitory capacity of the antibodies induced varied from one parasite isolate to another (range, 10%–100%), but the combined analysis of individual activity highlighted a broader functionality that increased the total number of isolates inhibited. Interestingly, the differential inhibitory effect of the antibodies observed on field isolates resulted in significant inhibition of all field isolates tested, suggesting that optimal inhibitory spectrum on field isolates from pregnant women might be achieved with antibodies targeting limited variants of the N-terminal VAR2CSA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the NTS-DBL2X region of VAR2CSA can elicit strain-transcending anti-adhesion antibodies and suggest that the combination of the two major variants used here could represent the basis for an effective bivalent VAR2CSA-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Doritchamou
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France; Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le paludisme associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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