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Prabhala SV, Wood DW. Scalable dual column cation exchange affinity chromatography based platform process for recombinant protein purification. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 217:106442. [PMID: 38336119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel tandem affinity tag is presented that enables the use of cation exchange resins for initial affinity purification, followed by an additional column step for enhanced purity and affinity tag self-removal. In this method, the highly charged heparin-binding tag binds strongly and selectively to either a strong or weak cation exchange resin based on electrostatic interactions, effectively acting as an initial affinity tag. Combining the heparin-binding tag (HB-tag) with the self-removing iCapTag™ provides a means for removing both tags in a subsequent self-cleaving step. The result is a convenient platform for the purification of diverse tagless proteins with a range of isoelectric points and molecular weights. In this work, we demonstrate a dual column process in which the tagged protein of interest is first captured from an E. coli cell lysate using a cation exchange column via a fused heparin-binding affinity tag. The partially purified protein is then diluted and loaded onto an iCapTag™ split-intein column, washed, and then incubated overnight to release the tagless target protein from the bound tag. Case studies are provided for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), beta galactosidase (βgal), maltose binding protein (MBP) and beta lactamase (βlac), where overall purity and host cell DNA clearance is provided. Overall, the proposed dual column process is shown to be a scalable platform technology capable of accessing both the high dynamic binding capacity of ion exchange resins and the high selectivity of affinity tags for the purification of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Vivek Prabhala
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 460C CBEC Building, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - David W Wood
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 460C CBEC Building, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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2
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Pérez-Mora S, Pérez-Ishiwara DG, Salgado-Hernández SV, Medel-Flores MO, Reyes-López CA, Rodríguez MA, Sánchez-Monroy V, Gómez-García MDC. Entamoeba histolytica: In Silico and In Vitro Oligomerization of EhHSTF5 Enhances Its Binding to the HSE of the EhPgp5 Gene Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4218. [PMID: 38673804 PMCID: PMC11050682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout its lifecycle, Entamoeba histolytica encounters a variety of stressful conditions. This parasite possesses Heat Shock Response Elements (HSEs) which are crucial for regulating the expression of various genes, aiding in its adaptation and survival. These HSEs are regulated by Heat Shock Transcription Factors (EhHSTFs). Our research has identified seven such factors in the parasite, designated as EhHSTF1 through to EhHSTF7. Significantly, under heat shock conditions and in the presence of the antiamoebic compound emetine, EhHSTF5, EhHSTF6, and EhHSTF7 show overexpression, highlighting their essential role in gene response to these stressors. Currently, only EhHSTF7 has been confirmed to recognize the HSE as a promoter of the EhPgp5 gene (HSE_EhPgp5), leaving the binding potential of the other EhHSTFs to HSEs yet to be explored. Consequently, our study aimed to examine, both in vitro and in silico, the oligomerization, and binding capabilities of the recombinant EhHSTF5 protein (rEhHSTF5) to HSE_EhPgp5. The in vitro results indicate that the oligomerization of rEhHSTF5 is concentration-dependent, with its dimeric conformation showing a higher affinity for HSE_EhPgp5 than its monomeric state. In silico analysis suggests that the alpha 3 α-helix (α3-helix) of the DNA-binding domain (DBD5) of EhHSTF5 is crucial in binding to the major groove of HSE, primarily through hydrogen bonding and salt-bridge interactions. In summary, our results highlight the importance of oligomerization in enhancing the affinity of rEhHSTF5 for HSE_EhPgp5 and demonstrate its ability to specifically recognize structural motifs within HSE_EhPgp5. These insights significantly contribute to our understanding of one of the potential molecular mechanisms employed by this parasite to efficiently respond to various stressors, thereby enabling successful adaptation and survival within its host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pérez-Mora
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - David Guillermo Pérez-Ishiwara
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Sandra Viridiana Salgado-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - María Olivia Medel-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - César Augusto Reyes-López
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Estructural, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Mario Alberto Rodríguez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Monroy
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - María del Consuelo Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
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3
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Ayoub N, Roth P, Ucurum Z, Fotiadis D, Hirschi S. Structural and biochemical insights into His-tag-induced higher-order oligomerization of membrane proteins by cryo-EM and size exclusion chromatography. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107924. [PMID: 36462717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional characterization of proteins as well as the design of targeted drugs heavily rely on recombinant protein expression and purification. The polyhistidine-tag (His-tag) is among the most prominent examples of affinity tags used for the isolation of recombinant proteins from their expression hosts. Short peptide tags are commonly considered not to interfere with the structure of the tagged protein and tag removal is frequently neglected. This study demonstrates the formation of higher-order oligomers based on the example of two His-tagged membrane proteins, the dimeric arginine-agmatine antiporter AdiC and the pentameric light-driven proton pump proteorhodopsin. Size exclusion chromatography revealed the formation of tetrameric AdiC and decameric as well as pentadecameric proteorhodopsin through specific interactions between their His-tags. In addition, single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) allowed structural insights into the three-dimensional arrangement of the higher-order oligomers and the underlying His-tag-mediated interactions. These results reinforce the importance of considering the length and removal of affinity purification tags and illustrate how neglect can lead to potential interference with downstream biophysical or biochemical characterization of the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooraldeen Ayoub
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zöhre Ucurum
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Hirschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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4
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Flores SS, Clop PD, Barra JL, Argaraña CE, Perillo MA, Nolan V, Sánchez JM. His-tag β-galactosidase supramolecular performance. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106739. [PMID: 34923392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is an important biotechnological enzyme used in the dairy industry, pharmacology and in molecular biology. In our laboratory we have overexpressed a recombinant β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This enzyme differs from its native version (β-GalWT) in that 6 histidine residues have been added to the carboxyl terminus in the primary sequence (β-GalHis), which allows its purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). In this work we compared the functionality and structure of both proteins and evaluated their catalytic behavior on the kinetics of lactose hydrolysis. We observed a significant reduction in the enzymatic activity of β-GalHis with respect to β-GalWT. Although, both enzymes showed a similar catalytic profile as a function of temperature, β-GalHis presented a higher resistance to the thermal inactivation compared to β-GalWT. At room temperature, β-GalHis showed a fluorescence spectrum compatible with a partially unstructured protein, however, it exhibited a lower tendency to the thermal-induced unfolding with respect to β-GalWT. The distinctively supramolecular arranges of the proteins would explain the effect of the presence of His-tag on the enzymatic activity and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Flores
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro D Clop
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José L Barra
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Av. Haya de la Torre s/N° Ciudad Universitaria CP, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológicas de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos E Argaraña
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Av. Haya de la Torre s/N° Ciudad Universitaria CP, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológicas de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María A Perillo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Nolan
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Julieta M Sánchez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina.
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5
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Tetralysine modified H-chain apoferritin mediated nucleus delivery of chemotherapy drugs synchronized with passive diffusion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lingg N, Öhlknecht C, Fischer A, Mozgovicz M, Scharl T, Oostenbrink C, Jungbauer A. Proteomics analysis of host cell proteins after immobilized metal affinity chromatography: Influence of ligand and metal ions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461649. [PMID: 33166743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Different degrees of protein purity have been observed in immobilized metal affinity chromatography ranging from extremely high purity to moderate and low purity. It has been hypothesized that the host cell protein composition and the metal ligands are factors governing the purity of a protein obtained after immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Ni nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) has become the first choice for facile His-tagged protein purification, but alternative ligands such as iminodiacetic acid (IDA) with other immobilized metal ions such as Zn, Cu and Co are valuable options when the expected purity or binding capacity is not reached. Especially Cu and Zn are very attractive, due to their reduced environmental and safety concerns compared to Ni. Co and Zn are more selective than Ni and Cu. This increased selectivity comes at the cost of weaker binding. In this work, the influence of ligand choice on protein purity after IMAC was evaluated by several methods, including peptide mapping. His-tagged GFP was used as model protein. We found that host cell protein (HCP) content varies drastically between ligands, as IDA eluates generally showing higher HCP concentrations than NTA. The relative content of the key amino acids His, Cys and Trp in the sequence of the co-eluted protein does not suffice to explain co-eluting propensity. The co-elution of HCPs is mostly influenced by metal binding clusters on the protein surface and not by total content or surface concentration of metal interacting amino acids. Prediction of co-elution is not dependent on these clusters alone, due to protein-protein interactions, indicted by a relative low metal binding cluster score but high co-elution propensity and in a lot of cases these proteins are often part of complex such as ribosome and chaperones. The different co-eluting proteins were presented by a heatmap with a dendrogram. Ward's linkage method was used to calculate the distance between groups of co-eluting proteins. Clustering of co-eluting HCPs was observed according to ligand and by metal ions, with Zn and Co forming one cluster and Ni and Cu another. The co-elution of host cell proteins can be explained by clusters of metal interacting amino acids on the protein surface and by protein-protein interactions. While Ni NTA still appears to be highly advantageous, it might not be the cure-all for all applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Öhlknecht
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mozgovicz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scharl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Statistics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Hirschi S, Kalbermatter D, Ucurum Z, Fotiadis D. Cryo-electron microscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis of the light-driven proton pump proteorhodopsin reveals a pentameric assembly. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2020; 4:100024. [PMID: 32647827 PMCID: PMC7337067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Affinity tag-free isolation of proteorhodopsin (PR) by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. Biochemical and computational analysis indicate a single, pentameric PR population. Highly pure and homogeneous PR enables growth of 3D crystals. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy reveal pentameric assembly of PR.
The green-light absorbing proteorhodopsin (GPR) is the prototype of bacterial light-driven proton pumps. It has been the focus of continuous research since its discovery 20 years ago and has sparked the development and application of various biophysical techniques. However, a certain controversy and ambiguity about the oligomeric assembly of GPR still remains. We present here the first tag-free purification of pentameric GPR. The combination of ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography yields homogeneous and highly pure untagged pentamers from GPR overexpressing Escherichia coli. The presented purification procedure provides native-like protein and excludes the need for affinity purification tags. Importantly, three-dimensional protein crystals of GPR were successfully grown and analyzed by X-ray crystallography. These results together with data from single particle cryo-electron microscopy provide direct evidence for the pentameric stoichiometry of purified GPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hirschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Kalbermatter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zöhre Ucurum
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Hirschi S, Fotiadis D. Purification of Membrane Proteins by Affinity Chromatography with On-Column Protease Cleavage. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2127:139-150. [PMID: 32112320 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0373-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A protocol is described for the isolation of recombinant polyhistidine-tagged membrane proteins from overexpressing Escherichia coli cells. The gene encoding a target membrane protein is cloned into an expression plasmid and then introduced into E. coli cells for overexpression. Membranes from bacterial cells are isolated and the tagged target membrane protein is solubilized in detergent and subsequently bound to an affinity matrix. Tagged proteins are commonly eluted by an excess of a solute that competes for the binding to the matrix. Alternatively, amino acid sequence-specific proteases can be used to cleave off the affinity purification tag directly on the purification column (i.e., on-column cleavage). This selectively releases the target protein and allows subsequent elution. Importantly, this step represents an additional purification step and can significantly increase the purity of the isolated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hirschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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9
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Alpdağtaş S, Çelik A, Ertan F, Binay B. DMSO tolerant NAD(P)H recycler enzyme from a pathogenic bacterium, Burkholderia dolosa PC543: effect of N-/C-terminal His Tag extension on protein solubility and activity. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:893-903. [PMID: 32624883 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)+ dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is an oxidoreductase used as a biocatalyst to regenerate NAD(P)H in reductase-mediated chiral synthesis reactions. Solvent stability and the need to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, due to the high cost of NADPH, are required features in the industrial usage of FDHs. Therefore, we aimed to identify a novel, robust NADP+ dependent FDH and evaluate the effect of N- and C- terminus His tag extensions on protein solubility and activity. Herein, we report a novel, DMSO tolerant formate dehydrogenase (BdFDH), which has dual coenzyme specificity and tolerance to acidic pH, from Burkholderia dolosa PC543. N- and C-terminus His-tagged BdFDHs were expressed separately in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The C-terminal His-tagged BdFDH was soluble and active whereas the N-terminal version was not. The enzyme displays dual coenzyme specificity and resistance to some organic solvents, particularly DMSO, and is able to tolerate acidic pH conditions. The apparent KM values for NADP+, NAD+ and sodium formate (with NADP+), are 1.17, 14.7 and 5.66 mM, respectively. As a result, due to its DMSO tolerance and coenzyme preference, this enzyme can be utilized as an NAD(P)H recycler in several biotransformations particularly when carried out under acidic conditions. Moreover, it can be said that the position of the His tag extension may affect the enzyme solubility and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayhan Çelik
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Fatma Ertan
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Barış Binay
- Department of Bioengineering Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
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10
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Dual column approach for the purification of zinc finger proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Kosobokova EN, Skrypnik KA, Kosorukov VS. Overview of Fusion Tags for Recombinant Proteins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:187-200. [PMID: 27262188 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Virtually all recombinant proteins are now prepared using fusion domains also known as "tags". The use of tags helps to solve some serious problems: to simplify procedures of protein isolation, to increase expression and solubility of the desired protein, to simplify protein refolding and increase its efficiency, and to prevent proteolysis. In this review, advantages and disadvantages of such fusion tags are analyzed and data on both well-known and new tags are generalized. The authors own data are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Kosobokova
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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12
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Block H, Maertens B, Spriestersbach A, Kubicek J, Schäfer F. Proteolytic Affinity Tag Cleavage. Methods Enzymol 2015; 559:71-97. [PMID: 26096504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present protocols describing the use of the dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase-1 (DPP1, DAPase) exoprotease-based TAGZyme system and the endoprotease, Factor Xa. Both enable the recovery of proteins free of any amino acids encoded by the vector and/or protease recognition site. They also provide the possibility of removing the proteases from the preparation of the target protein by a simple subtractive chromatography step. TAGZyme enzymes contain an uncleavable His tag for removal by Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). Factor Xa can be removed using Xa Removal Resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Block
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research and Development, Qiagenstrasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | - Barbara Maertens
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research and Development, Qiagenstrasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | - Anne Spriestersbach
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research and Development, Qiagenstrasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | - Jan Kubicek
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research and Development, Qiagenstrasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
| | - Frank Schäfer
- QIAGEN GmbH, Research and Development, Qiagenstrasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany.
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13
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Mooney JT, Fredericks DP, Christensen T, Bruun Schiødt C, Hearn MTW. N-terminal processing of affinity-tagged recombinant proteins purified by IMAC procedures. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:401-12. [PMID: 25727088 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a new class of metal binding tags to facilitate the purification of recombinant proteins, exemplified by the tagged glutathione S-transferase and human growth hormone, from Escherichia coli fermentation broths and lysates has been further investigated. These histidine-containing tags exhibit high affinity for borderline metal ions chelated to the immobilised ligand, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn). The use of this tag-tacn immobilised metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) system engenders high selectivity with regard to host cell protein removal and permits facile tag removal from the E. coli-expressed recombinant protein. In particular, these tags were specifically designed to enable their efficient removal by the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 1 (DAP-1), thus capturing the advantages of high substrate specificity and rates of cleavage. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the cleaved products from the DAP-1 digestion of the recombinant N-terminally tagged proteins confirmed the complete removal of the tag within 4-12 h under mild experimental conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that the use of tags specifically designed to target tacn-based IMAC resins offers a comprehensive and flexible approach for the purification of E. coli-expressed recombinant proteins, where complete removal of the tag is an essential prerequisite for subsequent application of the purified native proteins in studies aimed at delineating the molecular and cellular basis of specific biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Mooney
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Dale P Fredericks
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | | | - Milton T W Hearn
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Hui J, Yu XJ, Cui XJ, Mu T, Lin JS, Ni P, Li H, You S, Hu FQ. Construction of novel chimeric proteins through the truncation of SEC2 and Sak from Staphylococcus aureus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1514-21. [PMID: 25209498 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.930316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is an usual clinical phenomenon that cancer patients are prone to thrombosis. Until now, there have been no efficient methods or appropriate drugs to prevent and cure tumor thrombus. Therefore, the construction of a bifunctional chimeric protein for the treatment of cancer, complicated with thrombosis, is of great significance. Utilizing the superantigenic activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) and the thrombolytic activity of staphylokinase (Sak), Sak-linker-SEC2 and SEC2-linker-Sak were constructed which had good anti-tumor and thrombolytic activities at the same time. Due to the intrinsic emetic activity of SEC2 and high molecular weight (MW) of chimeric proteins (44 kDa), their clinical applications will be restricted. In this study, novel chimeric proteins including ΔSEC2-ΔSak and ΔSak-ΔSEC2 were constructed through the truncation of SEC2 and Sak without 9-Ala linker and His-tag. Compared with the former, both the truncated proteins preserved nearly the same anti-tumor and thrombolytic activities. In addition, their MWs were only 29 kDa and their immunoreactivities were slightly lower than that of Sak-linker-SEC2 and SEC2-linker-Sak, respectively. Therefore, the novel chimeric proteins possessed merits and characteristics, such as low MS, low immunogenicity, and difunctionality which the former had not. It will be of great interest if the above-mentioned proteins can be used to cure Trousseau syndrome in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui
- a Institute of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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15
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Zhang Q, Jørgensen TJD, Nielsen PE, Møllegaard NE. A phosphorylation tag for uranyl mediated protein purification and photo assisted tag removal. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91138. [PMID: 24599526 PMCID: PMC3945016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most protein purification procedures include an affinity tag fused to either the N or C-terminal end of the protein of interest as well as a procedure for tag removal. Tag removal is not straightforward and especially tag removal from the C-terminal end is a challenge due to the characteristics of enzymes available for this purpose. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility of the divalent uranyl ion in a new procedure for protein purification and tag removal. By employment of a GFP (green florescence protein) recombinant protein we show that uranyl binding to a phosphorylated C-terminal tag enables target protein purification from an E. coli extract by immobilized uranyl affinity chromatography. Subsequently, the tag can be efficiently removed by UV-irradiation assisted uranyl photocleavage. We therefore suggest that the divalent uranyl ion (UO22+) may provide a dual function in protein purification and subsequent C-terminal tag removal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas J D Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter E Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Møllegaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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16
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Peternel Š. Bacterial cell disruption: a crucial step in protein production. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:250-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Horchani H, Fendri A, Louati H, Sayari A, Gargouri Y, Verger R. Purification, biochemical and kinetic properties of recombinant Staphylococcus aureus lipase. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 861:267-282. [PMID: 22426724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-600-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the purification procedures as well as the biochemical and kinetic properties of wild type (wt-SAL3), untagged recombinant (rec(-His)SAL3), and tagged recombinant (rec(+His)SAL3) purified forms of Staphylococcus aureus lipase (SAL3). We used the pH-stat method (with emulsified tributyrin and olive oil as substrates) and the monomolecular film technique (with the three dicaprin isomers spread in the form of monomolecular films at the air-water interface). The data obtained showed that the recombinant expression process as well as the presence of a his-tag at the N-terminus of recombinant SAL3 affects significantly many biochemical and catalytic properties. The effects of the heterologous expression process on the catalytic properties of the staphylococcal lipases are three times more deleterious than the presence of an N-terminal tag extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Horchani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Burgess RR. Fusion tags: A collection of papers. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 81:A1-A2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Khan F, Legler PM, Mease RM, Duncan EH, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Angov E. Histidine affinity tags affect MSP1(42) structural stability and immunodominance in mice. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:133-47. [PMID: 22076863 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of affinity tags has greatly facilitated process development for protein antigens, primarily for their recovery from complex mixtures. Although generally viewed as supportive of product development, affinity tags may have unintended consequences on protein solubility, susceptibility to aggregation, and immunogenicity. Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), an erythrocytic stage protein of Plasmodium falciparum and a candidate malaria vaccine, was used to evaluate the impact of a metal ion affinity-tag on both protein structure and the induction of immunity. To this end, codon harmonized gene sequences from the P. falciparum MSP1(42) of FVO and 3D7 parasites were cloned and purified with and without a histidine (His) tag. We report on the influence of His-affinity tags on protein expression levels, solubility, secondary structure, thermal denaturation, aggregation and the impact on humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. While the overall immunogenicity induced by His-tagged MSP1(42) proteins is greater, the fine specificity of the humoral and cellular immune responses is altered relative to anti-parasitic antibody activity and the breadth of T-cell responses. Thus, the usefulness of protein tags may be outweighed by their potential impact on structure and function, stressing the need for caution in their use. See accompanying commentary by Randolph DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Khan
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Military Malaria Research Program, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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20
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Kuo WHK, Chase HA. A new strategy for the on-column exopeptidase cleavage of poly-histidine tagged proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3028-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Bryan CM, Bhandari J, Napuli AJ, Leibly DJ, Choi R, Kelley A, Van Voorhis WC, Edwards TE, Stewart LJ. High-throughput protein production and purification at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1010-4. [PMID: 21904042 PMCID: PMC3169394 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111018367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of an efficient and reliable protein-purification pipeline is essential for the success of structural genomic projects. The SSGCID Protein Purification Group at the University of Washington (UW-PPG) has established a robust protein-purification pipeline designed to purify 400 proteins per year at a rate of eight purifications per week. The pipeline was implemented using two ÄKTAexplorer 100 s and four ÄKTAprimes to perform immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) and size-exclusion chromatography. Purifications were completed in a period of 5 d and yielded an average of 53 mg highly purified protein. This paper provides a detailed description of the methods used to purify, characterize and store SSGCID proteins. Some of the purified proteins were treated with 3C protease, which was expressed and purified by UW-PPG using a similar protocol, to cleave non-native six-histidine tags. The cleavage was successful in 94% of 214 attempts. Cleaved proteins yielded 2.9% more structures than uncleaved six-histidine-tagged proteins. This 2.9% improvement may seem small, but over the course of the project the structure output from UW-PPG is thus predicted to increase from 260 structures to 318 structures. Therefore, the outlined protocol with 3C cleavage and subtractive IMAC has been shown to be a highly efficient method for the standardized purification of recombinant proteins for structure determination via X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M. Bryan
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - Janhavi Bhandari
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - Alberto J. Napuli
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - David J. Leibly
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - Angela Kelley
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Emerald BioStructures Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Lance J. Stewart
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, MS 356423, Seattle, WA 98195-6423, USA
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22
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An overview of enzymatic reagents for the removal of affinity tags. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 80:283-93. [PMID: 21871965 PMCID: PMC3195948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although they are often exploited to facilitate the expression and purification of recombinant proteins, every affinity tag, whether large or small, has the potential to interfere with the structure and function of its fusion partner. For this reason, reliable methods for removing affinity tags are needed. Only enzymes have the requisite specificity to be generally useful reagents for this purpose. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of some commonly used endo- and exoproteases are discussed in light of the latest information.
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23
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Exploiting the interactions between poly-histidine fusion tags and immobilized metal ions. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1075-84. [PMID: 21318632 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) of proteins containing poly-histidine fusion tags is an efficient research tool for purifying recombinant proteins from crude cellular feedstocks at laboratory scale. Nevertheless, to achieve successful purification of large amounts of the target protein for critical therapeutic applications that demand the precise removal of fusion tags, it is important to also take into consideration issues such as protein quality, efficiency, cost effectiveness, and optimal affinity tag choice and design. Despite the many considerations described in this article, it is expected that enhanced selectivity, the primary consideration in the field of protein separation, will continue to see the use of IMAC in solving new purification challenges. In addition, the platform nature of this technology makes it an ideal choice in purifying proteins with unknown properties. Finally, the unique interaction between immobilized metal ions and poly-histidine fusion tag has enabled new developments in the areas of biosensor, immunoassay, and other analytical technologies.
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24
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Kuo WHK, Chase HA. Adsorptive detagging of poly-histidine tagged protein using hexa-histidine tagged exopeptidase. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7749-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wang W, Qi ZZ, Zhang QW, Wu BC, Zhu ZW, Yang YH, Cui BZ, Dai RX, Qiu YF, Wang ZY, Guo ZB, Shi TX, Wang H, Yang RF, Wang XY. Different strategies for preparation of non-tagged rV270 protein and its efficacy against Yersinia pestis challenge. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2010; 23:333-340. [PMID: 21112480 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LcrV is an important component for the development of a subunit vaccine against plague. To reduce immunosuppressive activity of LcrV, a recombinant LcrV variant lacking amino acids 271 to 326 (rV270) was prepared by different methods in this study. METHODS A new strategy that produced non-tagged or authentic rV270 protein was designed by insertion of rV270-thrombin-hexahistidine fusion gene into the vector pET24a, or by insertion of hexahistidine-enterokinase-rV270 or hexahistitine-factor Xa-rV270 fusion gene into the vector pET32a. After Co(2+) affinity chromatography, a purification strategy was developed by cleavage of His tag on column, following Sephacryl S-200HR column filtration chromatography. RESULTS Removal of His tag by thrombin, enterokinase and factor Xa displayed a yield of 99.5%, 32.4% and 15.3%, respectively. Following Sephacryl S-200HR column filtration chromatography, above 97% purity of rV270 protein was obtained. Purified rV270 that was adsorbed to 25% (v/v) Al(OH)₃ adjuvant in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) induced very high titers of antibody to rV270 in BALB/c mice and protected them (100% survival) against subcutaneous challenge with 10⁶ CFU of Y. pestis virulent strain 141. CONCLUSION The completely authentic rV270 protein can be prepared by using enterokinase or factor Xa, but they exhibited extremely low cleavage activity to the corresponding recognition site. Thrombin cleavage is an efficient strategy to prepare non-tagged rV270 protein and can be easily operated in a large scale due to its relatively low cost and high cleavage efficacy. The recombinant rV270 can be used as a key component to develop a subunit vaccine of plague.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plague/immunology
- Plague/prevention & control
- Plague Vaccine/genetics
- Plague Vaccine/immunology
- Plasmids
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/genetics
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/immunology
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Yersinia pestis/growth & development
- Yersinia pestis/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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26
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Recombinant production of bioactive human TNF-α by SUMO-fusion system – High yields from shake-flask culture. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:238-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Horchani H, Sabrina L, Régine L, Sayari A, Gargouri Y, Verger R. Heterologous expression and N-terminal His-tagging processes affect the catalytic properties of staphylococcal lipases: a monolayer study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 350:586-94. [PMID: 20684959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial and kinetic properties of wild type, untagged recombinant and tagged recombinant forms of three staphylococcal lipases (SSL, SXL and SAL3) were compared using the monomolecular film technique. A kinetic study on the dependence of the stereoselectivity of these nine lipase forms on the surface pressure was performed using the three dicaprin isomers spread in the form of monomolecular films at the air-water interface. New parameters, termed Recombinant expression Effects on Catalysis (REC), N-Tag Effects on Catalysis (TEC), and N-Tag and Recombinant expression Effects on Catalysis (TREC), were introduced. The findings obtained showed that with all the lipases tested, the recombinant expression process and the N-terminal His-tag slightly affect the sn-1 preference for dicaprin enantiomers as well as the penetration capacity into monomolecular films of phosphatidylcholine but significantly decrease the catalytic rate of hydrolysis of three dicaprin isomers. This rate reduction is more pronounced at high surface pressures, i.e. at low interfacial energies. In conclusion, the effects of the heterologous expression process on the catalytic properties of the staphylococcal lipases are three times more deleterious than the presence of an N-terminal tag extension. In the case of the situation most commonly encountered in the literature, i.e. the heterologous expression of a tagged lipase, the rate of catalysis can be decreased by these processes by 42-83% on average in comparison with the values measured with the corresponding wild type form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Horchani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, BPW 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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28
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Narmandakh A, Bearne SL. Purification of recombinant mandelate racemase: Improved catalytic activity. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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30
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The N-terminal His-tag and the recombination process affect the biochemical properties of Staphylococcus aureus lipase produced in Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Kuo WHK, Chase HA. Process intensification for the removal of poly-histidine fusion tags from recombinant proteins by an exopeptidase. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 26:142-9. [PMID: 19785040 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of a hexa-histidine tagged exopeptidase for the cleavage of hexa-histidine tags from recombinant maltose binding protein (MBP) when both tagged species are bound to an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) matrix. On-column exopeptidase cleavage only occurred when the cleavage buffer contained an imidazole concentration of 50 mM or higher. Two strategies were tested for the on-column tag cleavage by dipeptidylaminopeptidase (DAPase): (i) a post-load wash was performed after sample loading using cleavage buffers containing varying imidazole concentrations and (ii) a post-load wash was omitted following sample loading. In the presence of 50 mM imidazole, 46% of the originally adsorbed hexa-histidine tagged MBP was cleaved, released from the column, and recovered in a sample containing 100% native (i.e., completely detagged) MBP. This strategy renders the subsequent purification steps unnecessary as any tagged contaminants remained bound to the column. At higher imidazole concentrations, binding of both hexa-histidine tagged MBP and DAPase to the column was minimized, leading to characteristics of cleavage more closely resembling that of a batch cleavage. An on-column cleavage yield of 93% was achieved in the presence of 300 mM imidazole, albeit with contamination of the detagged protein with tag fragments and partially tagged MBP. The success of the on-column exopeptidase cleavage makes the integration of the poly-histidine tag removal protocol within the IMAC protein capture step possible. The many benefits of using commercially available exopeptidases, such as DAPase, for poly-histidine tag removal can now be combined with the on-column tag cleavage operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui K Kuo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, U.K.
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32
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Camper DV, Viola RE. Fully automated protein purification. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:176-81. [PMID: 19595984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining highly purified proteins is essential to begin investigating their functional and structural properties. The steps that are typically involved in purifying proteins can include an initial capture, intermediate purification, and a final polishing step. Completing these steps can take several days and require frequent attention to ensure success. Our goal was to design automated protocols that would allow the purification of proteins with minimal operator intervention. Separate methods have been produced and tested that automate the sample loading, column washing, sample elution and peak collection steps for ion exchange, metal affinity, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography. These individual methods are designed to be coupled and run sequentially in any order to achieve a flexible and fully automated protein purification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeMarco V Camper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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33
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Xie H, Guo XM, Chen H. Making the most of fusion tags technology in structural characterization of membrane proteins. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 42:135-45. [PMID: 19199085 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins can be investigated at various structural levels, including the topological structure, the high-resolution three-dimensional structure, and the organization and assembly of membrane protein complexes. Gene fusion technology makes it possible to insert a polynucleotide encoding a protein or polypeptide tag into the gene encoding a membrane protein of interest. Resultant recombinant proteins may possess the functions of the original membrane proteins, together with the biochemical properties of the imported fusion tag, greatly enhancing functional and structural studies of membrane proteins. In this article, the latest literature is reviewed in relation to types, applications, strategies, and approaches to fusion tag technology for structural investigations of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Restoration of potato virus X coat protein capacity for assembly with RNA after His-tag removal. Arch Virol 2009; 154:337-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Tags are frequently used in the expression of recombinant proteins to improve solubility and for affinity purification. A large number of tags have been developed for protein production and researchers face a profusion of choices when designing expression constructs. Here, we survey common affinity and solubility tags, and offer some guidance on their selection and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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36
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Engineering inclusion bodies for non denaturing extraction of functional proteins. Microb Cell Fact 2008; 7:34. [PMID: 19046444 PMCID: PMC2630956 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-7-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For a long time IBs were considered to be inactive deposits of accumulated target proteins. In our previous studies, we discovered IBs containing a high percentage of correctly folded protein that can be extracted under non-denaturing conditions in biologically active form without applying any renaturation steps. In order to widen the concept of correctly folded protein inside IBs, G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) and three additional proteins were chosen for this study: GFP (Green fluorescent protein), His7dN6TNF-α (Truncated form of Tumor necrosis factor α with an N-terminal histidine tag) and dN19 LT-α (Truncated form of Lymphotoxin α). Results Four structurally different proteins that accumulate in the bacterial cell in the form of IBs were studied, revealing that distribution of each target protein between the soluble fraction (cytoplasm) and insoluble fraction (IBs) depends on the nature of the target protein. Irrespective of the folding pattern of each protein, spectroscopy studies have shown that proteins in IBs exhibit similar structural characteristics to the biologically active pure protein when produced at low temperature. In the case of the three studied proteins, G-CSF, His7ΔN6TNF-α, and GFP, a significant amount of protein could be extracted from IBs with 0.2% N-lauroyl sarcosine (NLS) and the proteins retained biological activity although no renaturation procedure was applied. Conclusion This study shows that the presence of biologically active proteins inside IBs is more general than usually believed. A large amount of properly folded protein is trapped inside IBs prepared at lower temperatures. This protein can be released from IBs with mild detergents under non-denaturing conditions. Therefore, the active protein can be obtained from such IBs without any renaturation procedure. This is of great importance for the biopharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, such IBs composed of active proteins could also be used as pure nanoparticles in diagnostics, as biocatalysts in enzymatic processes, or even as biopharmaceuticals.
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Abstract
Global demand for recombinant proteins has steadily accelerated for the last 20 years. These recombinant proteins have a wide range of important applications, including vaccines and therapeutics for human and animal health, industrial enzymes, new materials and components of novel nano-particles for various applications. The majority of recombinant proteins are produced by traditional biological "factories," that is, predominantly mammalian and microbial cell cultures along with yeast and insect cells. However, these traditional technologies cannot satisfy the increasing market demand due to prohibitive capital investment requirements. During the last two decades, plants have been under intensive investigation to provide an alternative system for cost-effective, highly scalable, and safe production of recombinant proteins. Although the genetic engineering of plant viral vectors for heterologous gene expression can be dated back to the early 1980s, recent understanding of plant virology and technical progress in molecular biology have allowed for significant improvements and fine tuning of these vectors. These breakthroughs enable the flourishing of a variety of new viral-based expression systems and their wide application by academic and industry groups. In this review, we describe the principal plant viral-based production strategies and the latest plant viral expression systems, with a particular focus on the variety of proteins produced and their applications. We will summarize the recent progress in the downstream processing of plant materials for efficient extraction and purification of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lico
- UTS BIOTEC, Section of Genetics and Plant Genomics, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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Shahravan SH, Qu X, Chan IS, Shin JA. Enhancing the specificity of the enterokinase cleavage reaction to promote efficient cleavage of a fusion tag. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 59:314-9. [PMID: 18406169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In our work with designed minimalist proteins based on the bZIP motif, we have found our His-tagged proteins to be prone to inclusion body formation and aggregation; we suspect this problem is largely due to the His tag, known to promote aggregation. Using AhR6-C/EBP, a hybrid of the AhR basic region and C/EBP leucine zipper, as representative of our bZIP-like protein family, we attempted removal of the His tag with enterokinase (EK) but obtained the desired cleavage product in very small yield. EK is known for proteolysis at noncanonical sites, and most cleavage occurred at unintended sites. We manipulated experimental conditions to improve specificity of proteolysis and analyzed the cleavage products; no effect was observed after changing pH, temperature, or the amount of EK. We then suspected the accessibility of the EK site was impeded due to protein aggregation. We found that the easily implemented strategy of addition of urea (1-4 M) greatly improved EK cleavage specificity at the canonical site and reduced adventitious cleavage. We believe that this enhancement in specificity is due to a more "open" protein structure, in which the now accessible canonical target can compete effectively with adventitious cleavage sites of related sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hesam Shahravan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ont., Canada L5L 1C6
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Block H, Kubicek J, Labahn J, Roth U, Schäfer F. Production and comprehensive quality control of recombinant human Interleukin-1beta: a case study for a process development strategy. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 57:244-54. [PMID: 18053740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe an efficient strategy to produce high-quality proteins by using a single large IMAC chromatography column and enzymatic His-tag removal via the TAGZyme system in pilot scale. Numerous quality assays demonstrated a high purity of the final product, the human cytokine Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). The protein preparation was apparently free of host cell proteins, endotoxins, protease, and aggregates. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of IL-1beta was in full agreement with the natural mature form of IL-1beta. The homogeneity of the product was further shown by X-ray structure determination which confirmed the previously solved structure of the protein. We propose the applied workflow as a strategy for industrial production of protein-based biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Block
- QIAGEN GmbH, Qiagen Strasse 1, 40724 Hilden, Germany
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Ma D, Chen Y, Fang L, Jin G, Zhou B, Cao L, Ye J, Hua Z. Purification and characterization of RGD tumor-homing peptide conjugated human tumor necrosis factor alpha over-expressed in Escherichia coli. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 857:231-9. [PMID: 17716959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been investigated to enhance the selective toxicity of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) to permit its systemic use in cancer therapy. Because vascular targeting has been proven to be a valid strategy for improving the therapeutic index of TNFalpha, we prepared RGD-hTNF consisting of human TNF fused with the ACDCRGDCFCG peptide, a ligand of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins. Recombinant RGD-hTNF was produced in Escherichia coli as a polyhistidine fusion protein. Between polyhistidine tag and RGD-hTNF, a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site (ENLYFQG) was introduced to ensure the release of intact RGD-hTNF. The purification strategy consisted of the target protein capture step by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), TEV protease cleavage of fusion protein, the subtractive depletion of removed His-tag by IMAC and the final gel filtration step. As a result, about 18 mg of intact RGD-hTNF was obtained from 1l of bacteria culture. The purified RGD-hTNF was characterized by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, mass spectroscopy and gel filtration. Since the RGD-hTNF molecule retained the cytotoxic activity of the TNF moiety and the integrin binding ability of the RGD moiety, the purification method provided material for assessing its anti-tumor activity in animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Gedela S, Medicherla NR. Chromatographic Techniques for the Separation of Peptides: Application to Proteomics. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The effect of the hexahistidine-tag in the oligomerization of HSC70 constructs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 844:328-34. [PMID: 16904956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The hexahistidine is a fusion tag used for the isolation of proteins via an immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). In the present study, we have purified and analyzed two constructs of the heat shock protein HSC70 in the presence or the absence of the His-tag (C30WT-His(+)/C30WT and C30DeltaL-His(+)/C30DeltaL). The oligomerization properties of the constructs were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AU). Results from SEC analysis indicated that the His-tag promotes the dimerization of C30DeltaL-His(+) but has no effect on the elution profile of C30WT-His(+), compared to their respective untagged forms C30DeltaL and C30WT. These observations were also confirmed by AU analysis which indicates that C30DeltaL is stabilized in the dimeric form in the presence of the His-tag. These results emphasize the need to remove the His-tag before structural characterization of some recombinant proteins.
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Arnau J, Lauritzen C, Petersen GE, Pedersen J. Current strategies for the use of affinity tags and tag removal for the purification of recombinant proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 48:1-13. [PMID: 16427311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Affinity tags are highly efficient tools for protein purification. They allow the purification of virtually any protein without any prior knowledge of its biochemical properties. The use of affinity tags has therefore become widespread in several areas of research e.g., high throughput expression studies aimed at finding a biological function to large numbers of yet uncharacterized proteins. In some cases, the presence of the affinity tag in the recombinant protein is unwanted or may represent a disadvantage for the projected application of the protein, like for clinical use. Therefore, an increasing number of approaches are available at present that are designed for the removal of the affinity tag from the recombinant protein. Most of these methods employ recombinant endoproteases that recognize a specific sequence. These process enzymes can subsequently be removed from the process by affinity purification, since they also include a tag. Here, a survey of the most common affinity tags and the current methods for tag removal is presented, with special emphasis on the removal of N-terminal histidine tags using TAGZyme, a system based on exopeptidase cleavage. In the quest to reduce the significant costs associated with protein purification at large scale, relevant aspects involved in the development of downstream processes for pharmaceutical protein production that incorporate a tag removal step are also discussed. A comparison of the yield of standard vs. affinity purification together with an example of tag removal using TAGZyme is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arnau
- Unizyme Laboratories A/S, Dr. Neergaards vej 17, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
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