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Guo J, Chen F, Zhang W, Bai H, Li L, Ma Y, Yang Z. Separation of bufadienolides from Helleborus thibetanus Franch. by a combination approach involving macroporous resin column chromatography and gradient countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400145. [PMID: 38822225 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a combination approach involving macroporous resin (MR) column chromatography and gradient countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was employed to enrich and purify bufadienolides from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus Franch. Initially, a D101 MR-packed column chromatography was utilized for fractionation and enrichment of the bufadienolides, which were effectively eluted from the column using a 60% ethanol solution. CCC was subsequently introduced to separate the enriched product using the ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (EBuWat, 4:1:5, v/v) and EBuWat (5:0:5, v/v) solvent systems in a gradient elution mode. As results, five bufadienolides, including 6.1 mg of hellebrigenin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (1), 2.2 mg of tigencaoside A (2), 8.3 mg of deglucohellebrin (3), 3.5 mg of 14 β-hydroxy-3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-bufa-20,22-dienolide (4), and 3.0 mg of 14β-hydroxy-3β-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-bufa-20,22-dienolide (5), were effectively separated from 300 mg of the enriched product. The respective high-performance liquid chromatography purities were as follows: 95.2%, 75.8%, 85.7%, 82.3%, and 92.8%. This study provides valuable insights for the efficient enrichment and separation of bufadienolides from Helleborus thibetanus Franch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Luqi Li
- Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yatuan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Métoyer B, Renouf E, Jourdes M, Mérillon JM, Téguo PW. Isolation of Hydrolyzable Tannins from Castanea sativa Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38359463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Castanea sativa wood is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins, known for their diverse bioactivities. To investigate these bioactive properties further, it is crucial to isolate and characterize hydrophilic compounds effectively. To address this issue, we developed a centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method and applied it to an aqueous C. sativa wood extract. We determined the partition coefficients (KD) of the six major compounds using four butanol-/water-based biphasic solvent systems. Initially, we utilized the n-butanol/propanol/water (3:1:4, v/v/v) systems for the first fractionation step. Subsequently, we employed the water/methyl tert-butyl ether/butanol/acetone (8:5:3:4, v/v/v/v) system to fractionate moderately and highly hydrophilic fractions. We calculated the KD values for major compounds of the most hydrophilic fractions using the butanol/ethanol/water (4:1:5, v/v/v) and butanol/isopropanol/water (2:1:3, v/v/v) systems. In total, we isolated 23 compounds through a combination of CPC, size exclusion chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Among these compounds, six have never been previously described. We characterized them by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and high-resolution mass spectroscopy acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Métoyer
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Elodie Renouf
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Michael Jourdes
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Waffo Téguo
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
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de Souza Wuillda ACJ, das Neves Costa F, Garrett R, Dos Santos de Carvalho M, Borges RM. High-speed countercurrent chromatography with offline detection by electrospray mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance detection as a tool to resolve complex mixtures: A practical approach using Coffea arabica leaf extract. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:40-52. [PMID: 37527932 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many secondary metabolites isolated from plants have been described in the literature owing to their important biological properties and possible pharmacological applications. However, the identification of compounds present in complex plant extracts has remained a great scientific challenge, is often laborious, and requires a long research time with high financial cost. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a method that allows the identification of secondary metabolites in plant extracts with a high degree of confidence in a short period of time. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, an ethanolic extract of Coffea arabica leaves was used to validate the proposed method. Countercurrent chromatography was chosen as the initial step for extraction fractionation using gradient elution. Resulting fractions presented a variation of compounds concentrations, allowing for statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) calculations between liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and NMR across fractions. RESULTS The proposed method allowed the identification of 57 compounds. Of the annotated compounds, 20 were previously described in the literature for the species and 37 were reported for the first time. Among the inedited compounds, we identified flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and terpenes. CONCLUSION The proposed method presents itself as a valid alternative for the study of complex extracts in an effective, fast, and reliable way that can be reproduced in the study of other extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda das Neves Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nunes AN, Ivasiv V, Gouveia LF, Fernández N, Oliveira J, Bronze MR, Matias AA. Isolation of bluish anthocyanin-derived pigments obtained from blueberry surplus using centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464150. [PMID: 37356363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of synthetic colorants with natural ones is a current marketing trend. Nevertheless, the naturally occurring blue color is rare compared to other colours. In this work, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) process was developed as a more efficient and sustainable alternative to reversed phase column chromatography (RP-CC) for the preparative-scale purification of portisins. The strategy began with the extraction of anthocyanins from blueberry surplus and hemi-synthesis of respective portisins. Then, the CPC method development started with the biphasic solvent system selection followed by the optimization of the operating parameters and ended up with a comparison with RP-CC. Aiming at maximizing the portisin content, process throughput, efficiency, and minimizing the environmental risk factor, the effect of sample load (100-500 mg/100 mL of column volume), mobile phase flow rate (10-20 mL/min), and rotation speed (1000-1600 rpm) was evaluated. The two-phase solvent system consisted of tert‑butyl‑methyl ether, n-butanol, acetonitrile, and water (volume ratio 2:2:1:5) acidified with 0.1 vol.% of HCl was selected. The best conditions were 464 mg of sample/100 mL of column volume, 20 mL/min of mobile phase flow rate, and 1600 rpm of rotation speed at reversed phase mode, allowing the purification of portisins by 5-fold. Compared to the RP-CC, the CPC process efficiency was 2.4 times higher, while the CPC process environmental risk factor was 5.5 times lower. Overall, this study suggests that CPC can be considered an effective, and sustainable alternative process for the preparative isolation of portisins. With this purification approach, the blueberry surplus has been valorized and a naturally derived product has been prepared, allowing its subsequent use as a natural blue colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana N Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Viktoriya Ivasiv
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís F Gouveia
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de investigação do medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Naiara Fernández
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; FFULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana A Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Maly M, Benes F, Binova Z, Zlechovcova M, Kastanek P, Hajslova J. Effective isolation of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid free of psychotropic phytocannabinoids from hemp extract by fast centrifugal partition chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04782-9. [PMID: 37382652 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), together with its precursor cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is the major phytocannabinoid occurring in most hemp cultivars. To ensure the safe use of these compounds, their effective isolation from hemp extract is required, with special emphasis on the elimination of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (∆9-THCA-A). In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) as a challenging format of counter-current preparative chromatography for the isolation of CBD and CBDA free of psychotropic compounds that may occur in Cannabis sativa L. plant extracts. Thirty-eight solvent mixtures were tested to identify a suitable two-phase system for this purpose. Based on the measured partition coefficients (KD) and separation factors (α), the two-phase system consisting of n-heptane:ethyl acetate:ethanol:water (1.5:0.5:1.5:0.5; v:v:v:v) was selected as an optimal solvent mixture. Employing UHPLC-HRMS/MS for target analysis of collected fractions, the elution profiles of 17 most common phytocannabinoids were determined. Under experimental conditions, the purity of isolated CBD and CBDA was 98.9 and 95.1% (w/w), respectively. Neither of ∆9-THC nor of ∆9-THCA-A were present; only trace amounts of other biologically active compounds contained in hemp extract were detected by screening against in-house spectral library using UHPLC-HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Maly
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Benes
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Binova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zlechovcova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kastanek
- Ecofuel Laboratories s.r.o., Ocelářská 9, 190 00, Prague 9, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Vega J, Bárcenas-Pérez D, Fuentes-Ríos D, López-Romero JM, Hrouzek P, Figueroa FL, Cheel J. Isolation of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Red Macroalgae and a Marine Lichen by High-Performance Countercurrent Chromatography: A Strategy to Obtain Biological UV-Filters. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:357. [PMID: 37367682 DOI: 10.3390/md21060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms have gained considerable biotechnological interest in recent years due to their wide variety of bioactive compounds with potential applications. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV-absorbing secondary metabolites with antioxidant and photoprotective capacity, mainly found in organisms living under stress conditions (e.g., cyanobacteria, red algae, or lichens). In this work, five MAAs were isolated from two red macroalgae (Pyropia columbina and Gelidium corneum) and one marine lichen (Lichina pygmaea) by high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). The selected biphasic solvent system consisted of ethanol, acetonitrile, saturated ammonium sulphate solution, and water (1:1:0.5:1; v:v:v:v). The HPCCC process for P. columbina and G. corneum consisted of eight separation cycles (1 g and 200 mg of extract per cycle, respectively), whereas three cycles were performed for of L. pygmaea (1.2 g extract per cycle). The separation process resulted in fractions enriched with palythine (2.3 mg), asterina-330 (3.3 mg), shinorine (14.8 mg), porphyra-334 (203.5 mg) and mycosporine-serinol (46.6 mg), which were subsequently desalted by using precipitation with methanol and permeation on a Sephadex G-10 column. Target molecules were identified by HPLC, MS, and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vega
- Centro Experimental Grice Hutchinson, Lomas de San Julián, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, 2, 29004 Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniela Bárcenas-Pérez
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Fuentes-Ríos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel López-Romero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Félix López Figueroa
- Centro Experimental Grice Hutchinson, Lomas de San Julián, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, 2, 29004 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Cheel
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Singh R, Sharma R, Varshney R, Mal G, Ghosh M, Singh B. Evaluation of immunological adjuvant activities of saponin rich fraction from the fruits of Asparagus adscendens Roxb. with less adverse reactions. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:557-565. [PMID: 35484852 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2067170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hemolytic activity, in vitro as well as in vivo toxicity, and immunomodulatory potential of saponins-rich fraction of Asparagus adscendens Roxb. fruit (AA-SRF) have been assessed in this study in order to explore AA-SRF as an alternative safer adjuvant to standard Quil-A saponin. The AA-SRF showed lower hemolytic activity (HD50 = 301.01 ± 1.63 µg/ml) than Quil-A (HD50 = 17.15 ± 2.12 µg/ml). The sulforhodamine B assay also revealed that AA-SRF was less toxic to VERO cells (IC50≥200 ± 4.32 µg/ml) than Quil-A (IC50 = 60 ± 2.78 µg/ml). The AA-SRF did not lead to mortality in mice up to 1.6 mg and was much safer than Quil-A for in vivo use. Conversely, mice were subcutaneously immunized with OVA 100 μg alone or along with Alum (200 μg) or Quil-A (10 μg) or AA-SRF (50 μg/100 μg/200 μg) on days 0 and 14. The AA-SRF at 100 μg dose best supported the LPS/Con A primed splenocyte proliferation activity, elevated the serum OVA-specific total IgG antibody, IL-12, CD4 titer and upsurged CD3/CD19 expression in spleen as well as lymph node sections which in turn advocated its adjuvant potential. Thus, AA-SRF can be further studied for use as a safe alternative adjuvant in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Animal Experimental Pathology, Central Ayurvedic Research Institute for Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Kolkata, India
| | - Rinku Sharma
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Birbal Singh
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
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Bartnik M. Efficient Separation of the Methoxyfuranocoumarins Peucedanin, 8-Methoxypeucedanin, and Bergapten by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041923. [PMID: 36838916 PMCID: PMC9967691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure methoxyfuranocoumarins were isolated from a crude petroleum ether extract (CPE; Soxleth extraction efficiency 12.28%) from fruits of Peucedanum tauricum MB. (Apiaceae) by counter-current chromatography in a hydrostatic equilibrium system (centrifugal partition chromatography-CPC). The optimized biphasic solvent system composed of n-heptane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:2:5:2; v/v/v/v) in the ascending mode of elution was used (3 mL/min, 1600 rpm). In the single run, peucedanin (P), 8-methoxypeucedanin (8MP), and bergapten (5MOP) were obtained as pure as 95.6%, 98.1%, and c.a. 100%, respectively. The carefully optimized and developed CPC was effectively transferred from the analytical to the semi-preparative scale (where 20 mg and 150 mg of CPE were loaded, respectively). Identification and quantitative analysis of methoxyfuranocoumarins was carried out in the plant material, in the CPE, and in individual CPC fractions by use of validated high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). For the separation steps, the extraction/isolation recovery was calculated. In this case, CPC proved to be an effective tool for the simultaneous isolation and separation of P, 8MP, and 5MOP from a multicomponent plant matrix, without additional pre-purification steps. The high purity of the obtained plant metabolites makes it possible to consider their use in pharmacological or biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bartnik
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Xia H, Dai Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Shi Y, Lou H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:5-29. [PMID: 36442477 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Euodiae fructus, also known as Evodiae fructus, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried, nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. The main bioactive constituents of Euodiae fructus are alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The contents of these compounds vary greatly between different plant species, geographic locations, and harvest times, which thus affect the therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the diverse soft ionization techniques and mass analyzers of LC-MS methods for assessment of Euodiae fructus. METHODOLOGY A literature study was carried out by retrieving articles published between January 1988 and December 2021 from well-known databases, including PubMed, ASC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, J·STAGE, Thieme, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and CNKI. The chemical analysis methods were described in several categories in accordance with the used analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and counter-current chromatography (CCC). RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the achievements in chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus published in over three decades, covering the various chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for identification and quantification of phytochemical constituents. CONCLUSION The summary serves as an important basis for future phytochemical research and implementation of quality control methods in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of Euodiae fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- The People's Republic of China Taian Customs, Taian, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Educational of Minister, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Rüttler F, Hammerschick T, Schlag S, Vetter W. Isolation of lanosterol and dihydrolanosterol from the unsaponifiable matter of lanolin by urea complexation and countercurrent chromatography in heart-cut recycling mode. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123470. [PMID: 36191441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethyl-substituted sterols are bioactive minor sterols of most animal fats and plant oils, but higher shares are present in lanolin (wool grease). Here, the isolation of the 4,4-dimethyl-substituted sterols dihydrolanosterol and lanosterol from lanolin by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is described. An initial examination of the hexane extract of saponified lanolin showed the presence of relatively high portions of fatty alcohols which were known to co-elute with the target analytes in CCC. Hence, fatty alcohols were precipitated by urea complexation. Unexpectedly, 4,4-dimethyl-substituted sterols were also found in the crystalline fraction, while cholesterol and other desmethylsterols were detected in the liquid phase. Urea complexation represented a useful preparative method for the separation of desmethylsterols and 4,4-dimethyl-substituted sterols from lanolin. Shake flask experiments of 4,4-dimethyl-substituted sterols and fatty alcohols with 14 biphasic solvent systems indicated suitable partition coefficients (K values) with n-hexane/ethanol/water (12:8:1, v/v/v) and n-hexane/benzotrifluoride/acetonitrile (20:7:13, v/v/v). After initial tests with conventional CCC, the application of CCC in heart-cut recycling mode provided 4,4-dimethyl-substituted sterols with purities of 99 % (dihydrolanosterol) and 95 % (lanosterol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rüttler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Hammerschick
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlag
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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11
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Relayed chromatography - Countercurrent chromatography in series with liquid chromatography for the separation of natural products. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463205. [PMID: 35709606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography is an essential method for separating natural products. In this study, we proposed the concept of 'relayed chromatography', based on the strategy of combining different chromatography with relayed resolution by in-situ concentration technique. The following chromatographic methods were used: high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), silica gel liquid chromatography (silica gel LC), and reverse phase liquid chromatography (reverse phase LC). The proposed strategy was effectively applied to the preparative separation of naturally existing naphthaquinones. After the first separation stage (silica gel LC), acetylalkannin (1) was directly collected, while fractions 1, 4 and 5 were collected and respectively subjected to recycling CCC separation after concentration. Thus, deoxyshikonin (2), 8-O-methyl-11-O-acetylshikonin (6), β-acetoxyisovalerylalkannin (7) and alkannin (8) were collected. Fraction 2 was concentrated and injected in reverse phase LC separation. After collection of isobutyrylalkannin (3), the remaining effluent from reverse phase LC retained the peak resolution (R4,5=0.45) and was injected into a recycling CCC elution. Finally, β, β-dimethylacrylalkannin (4), and isovalerylalkannin (5) were collected with sufficient resolution (R4,5=1.25). Eight naturally occurring naphthaquinones were thus isolated from Arnebia euchroma. The purities of all the compounds were determined by HPLC to be > 90%, and the chemical structures were determined by spectral method. Among the aforementioned compounds, 8-O-methyl-11-O-acetylshikonin (6) was separated as a new compound from A. euchroma. In conclusion, the relayed strategy that retains the resolution of the previous chromatographic stage can improve CCC separation efficiency, which may expand the range of application of CCC combined with different chromatography to the separation of natural products.
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12
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Online hyphenation of centrifugal partition chromatography with countercurrent chromatography (CPC-CCC) and its application to the separation of saturated alkylresorcinols. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5043-5051. [PMID: 35639138 PMCID: PMC9234026 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) are two preparative techniques mainly used for the isolation and purification of natural products. While CPC benefits from a larger sample capacity, CCC typically provides better peak resolutions and hereby higher purities. In this study, we aimed to combine both advantages by the direct linking of CPC and CCC which was achieved by installation of switching valves and connection tube. The hyphenated CPC-CCC setup was tested with major alkylresorcinols which were obtained from a transesterified and hydrogenated rye extract. Injections of 1- and 5-g samples into the individual CCC system confirmed the limited sample capacity because of immediate flooding with the 5-g sample (total loss of stationary phase). In comparison, the CPC system was stable with 5- and 10-g samples but the peak resolution with 1-g sample was poorer than with the CCC system. Injections of 5- and 10-g samples into the CPC-CCC system were successful. However, a sample load of 10 g resulted in lower purities of the alkylresorcinols (80% or less) due to peak tailing. By contrast, injection of 5-g sample provided high amounts of ~ 1.2 g alkylresorcinols with purities of > 95%.
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13
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Vilas-Boas SM, Cordova IW, Kurnia KA, Almeida HH, Gaschi PS, Coutinho JA, Pinho SP, Ferreira O. Comparison of two computational methods for solvent screening in countercurrent and centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Chyau CC, Chiu CY, Hsieh HL, Hsieh DWC, Hsieh CR, Chang CH, Peng RY. High-Purity Preparation of Enzyme Transformed Trans-Crocetin Reclaimed from Gardenia Fruit Waste. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030281. [PMID: 35161261 PMCID: PMC8839004 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of physiologically bioactive ingredients from agricultural wastes as an abundant and low-cost source for the production of high value-added mutraceuticlas has been recognized and supported for the commercial interests and sustainable managements. In the extraction of geniposide for the development of natural food colorants from the dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Rubiaceae, the gardenia fruit waste (GFW) still remaining 0.86% (w/w) of crocins has always been discarded without any further treatments Until now, there was no simple and effective protocol for high-purity trans-crocein (TC) preparation without the coexistence of non-biologically active cis-crocein from GFW. We proposed an effective process to obtain the compound as follows. Crocins were extracted firstly by 50% of ethanol in the highest yield of 8.61 mg/g (w/w) from GFW. After the HPD-100 column fractionation in the collecting of crocins, the conversion ratio of 75% of crocins to crocetins can be obtained from the commercial available enzyme- Celluclast® 1.5 L. The crocins hydrolyzed products, were then separated through the HPD-100 resin adsorption and finally purified with the centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) in single-step to obtain TC in a purity of 96.76 ± 0.17%. Conclusively, the effective enzyme transformation and purification co-operated with CPC technologies on crocins resulted in a high purity product of TC may be highly application in the commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chu-Ying Chiu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Hung-Lin Hsieh
- Day Spring Biotech Co., Ltd., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (D.W.-C.H.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - David Wang-Chi Hsieh
- Day Spring Biotech Co., Ltd., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (D.W.-C.H.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - Chong-Ru Hsieh
- Day Spring Biotech Co., Ltd., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (D.W.-C.H.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - Chi-Huang Chang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
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15
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Nunes AN, Borges A, Matias AA, Bronze MR, Oliveira J. Alternative Extraction and Downstream Purification Processes for Anthocyanins. Molecules 2022; 27:368. [PMID: 35056685 PMCID: PMC8779312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments displaying different attractive colors ranging from red, violet, to blue. These pigments present health benefits that increased their use in food, nutraceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. However, anthocyanins are mainly extracted through conventional methods that are time-consuming and involve the use of organic solvents. Moreover, the chemical diversity of the obtained complex extracts make the downstream purification step challenging. Therefore, the growing demand of these high-value pigments has stimulated the interest in designing new, safe, cost-effective, and tunable strategies for their extraction and purification. The current review focuses on the potential application of compressed fluid-based (such as subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction) and deep eutectic solvents-based extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins. In addition, an updated review of the application of counter-current chromatography for anthocyanins purification is provided as a faster and cost-effective alternative to preparative-scale HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana N. Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Borges
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde—REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana A. Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iMed.Ulisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde—REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
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16
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Malca-Garcia GR, Liu Y, Nikolić D, Friesen JB, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Investigation of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavonoid residual complexity by off-line CCS-qHNMR. Fitoterapia 2022; 156:105016. [PMID: 34416305 PMCID: PMC8742771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The importance of Trifolium pratense L. as a dietary supplement and its use in traditional medicine prompted the preparation of a thorough metabolite profile. This included the identification and quantitation of principal constituents as well as low abundant metabolites that constitute the residual complexity (RC) of T. pratense bioactives. The purity and RC of isoflavonoid fractions from standardized red clover extract (RCE) was determined using an off-line combination of countercurrent separation (CCS) and two orthogonal analytical methodologies: quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy with external calibration (EC-qHNMR) and LC-MS. A single-step hydrostatic CCS methodology (Centrifugal Partition Chromatography [CPC]) was developed that fractionated the isoflavonoids with a hexanes-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) 5.5/4.5/5/5, v/v solvent system (SS) into 75 fractions containing 3 flavonolignans, 2 isoflavonoid glycosides, as well as 17 isoflavonoids and related compounds. All metabolites were identified and quantified by qHNMR spectroscopy. The data led to the creation of a complete isoflavonoid profile to complement the biological evaluation. For example, fraction 69 afforded 90.5% w/w biochanin A (17), with 0.33% w/w of prunetin (16), and 0.76% w/w of maackiain (15) as residual components. Fraction 27 with 89.4% w/w formononetin (13) as the major component had, in addition, a residual complexity consisting of 3.37%, 0.73%, 0.68% w/w of pseudobaptigenin (11), kaempferol (10) and pratensein (8), respectively. Despite the relatively high resolving power of CPC, and not unexpectedly, the chromatographic fractions retained varying degrees of the original metabolomic diversity. Collectively, the extent of metabolomic diversity should be recognized and used to guide the development of isolation strategies, especially when generating samples for bioactivity evaluation. The simultaneous structural and quantitative characterization enabled by qNMR, supported by LC-MS measurements, enables the evaluation of a relatively large number of individual fractions and, thereby, advances both the chemical and biological evaluation of active principles in complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Malca-Garcia
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 W. Division Street, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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17
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Li L, Zhao J, Yang T, Sun B. High-speed countercurrent chromatography as an efficient technique for large separation of plant polyphenols: a review. Food Res Int 2022; 153:110956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Liquid-Liquid Chromatography Separation of Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpene Lactones from Ferula penninervis Regel & Schmalh. and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Cytotoxic and Melanin Inhibitory Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910717. [PMID: 34639057 PMCID: PMC8509705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferula penninervis Regel & Schmalh. is a perennial plant used in Kazakh traditional folk medicine to treat epilepsy, neurosis, rheumatism, gastroduodenal ulcers, dyspepsia, wounds, abscesses or tumors. The aim of this work was to isolate series of sesquiterpene lactones from a crude methanolic root extract and investigate their in vitro cytotoxic potential against androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP and epithelial prostate PNT2 cells, as well as to evaluate their melanin production inhibitory effects in murine melanoma B16F10 cells stimulated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH). Two new (penninervin P and penninervin Q) and five known (olgin, laferin, olgoferin, oferin and daucoguainolactone F) guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactones were isolated with the use of a simple and fast liquid-liquid chromatography method. Olgin and laferin showed the most promising cytotoxic effects in LNCaP cells (IC50 of 31.03 and 23.26 μg/mL, respectively). Additionally, olgin, laferin, olgoferin, and oferin (10 μg/mL) potently impaired melanin release (40.67–65.48% of αMSH + cells) without influencing the viability of B16F10 cells. In summary, our findings might indicate that guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactones from F. penninervis could be regarded as promising candidates for further research in discovering new therapeutic agents with anti-prostate cancer and skin depigmentation properties.
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Pan C, Wang H, Shan H, Lü H. Preparative Isolation and Purification of Calycosin and Formononetin from Astragali Radix using Hydrolytic Extraction Combined with High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:412-418. [PMID: 33723580 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Calycosin and formononetin were efficiently extracted from Astragali Radix and purified by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Calycosin and formononetin could be hydrolyzed from calycosin-7-glucoside and ononin, respectively. The best extraction conditions were realized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, which were 100% ethanol, 2.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid, 1:40 ratio of solid to liquid, extracted 2 h and one time. The two-phase solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (3:5:3:5, v/v) was selected for the purification of calycosin, and 1.3 mg calycosin (the purity was 95.8% and the recovery was 85.9%) was obtained from 264.9-mg crude extraction. The two-phase solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (4:5:4:5, v/v) was selected for the purification of formononetin, and 2.0 mg formononetin (the purity was 98.9% and the recovery was 84.4%) was obtained from 248.9-mg crude extraction. Their structures were identified by HPLC, melting points, UV, FTIR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrum. According to the antioxidant activity assay, the scavenging abilities of calycosin to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) were stronger. The scavenging effect of formononetin was not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haitao Lü
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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20
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Zuo G, Kim HY, Guillen Quispe YN, Wang Z, Kim KH, Gonzales Arce PH, Lim SS. Valeriana rigida Ruiz & Pav. Root Extract: A New Source of Caffeoylquinic Acids with Antioxidant and Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activities. Foods 2021; 10:1079. [PMID: 34068163 PMCID: PMC8152971 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valeriana rigida Ruiz & Pav. (V. rigida) has long been used as a herbal medicine in Peru; however, its phytochemicals and pharmacology need to be scientifically explored. In this study, we combined the offline 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH)-/ultrafiltration-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC)/pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (pH-zone-refining CCC) to screen and separate the antioxidants and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors from the 70% MeOH extract of V. rigida, which exhibited remarkable antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities. Seven compounds were initially screened as target compounds exhibiting dual antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities using DPPH-/ultrafiltration-HPLC, which guided the subsequent pH-zone-refining CCC and HSCCC separations of these target compounds, namely 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-di-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-di-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-di-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4,5-O-tri-caffeoylquinic acid. These compounds are identified for the first time in V. rigida and exhibited remarkable antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities. The results demonstrate that the method established in this study can be used to efficiently screen and separate the antioxidants and AR inhibitors from natural products and, particularly, the root extract of V. rigida is a new source of caffeoylquinic acids with antioxidant and AR inhibitory activities, and it can be used as a potential functional food ingredient for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.N.G.Q.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Hyun-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.N.G.Q.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Yanymee N. Guillen Quispe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.N.G.Q.); (K.-H.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Kang-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.N.G.Q.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Paul H. Gonzales Arce
- Laboratorio de Florística, Departamento de Dicotiledóneas, Museo de Historia Natural–Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 14-0434, Peru;
| | - Soon-Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (G.Z.); (H.-Y.K.); (Y.N.G.Q.); (K.-H.K.)
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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21
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Laguncularia racemosa Phenolics Profiling by Three-Phase Solvent System Step-Gradient Using High-Performance Countercurrent Chromatography with Off-Line Electrospray Mass-Spectrometry Detection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082284. [PMID: 33920874 PMCID: PMC8071337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed metabolite profiling of Laguncularia racemosa was accomplished by high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) using the three-phase system n-hexane–tert-butyl methyl ether–acetonitrile–water 2:3:3:2 (v/v/v/v) in step-gradient elution mode. The gradient elution was adjusted to the chemical complexity of the L. racemosa ethyl acetate partition and strongly improved the polarity range of chromatography. The three-phase solvent system was chosen for the gradient to avoid equilibrium problems when changing mobile phase compositions encountered between the gradient steps. The tentative recognition of metabolites including the identification of novel ones was possible due to the off-line injection of fractions to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in the sequence of recovery. The off-line hyphenation profiling experiment of HPCCC and ESI-MS projected the preparative elution by selected single ion traces in the negative ionization mode. Co-elution effects were monitored and MS/MS fragmentation data of more than 100 substances were used for structural characterization and identification. The metabolite profile in the L. racemosa extract comprised flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and low molecular weight polyphenols.
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Yang Y, Khan BM, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Cheong KL, Liu Y. Advances in Separation and Purification of Bioactive Polysaccharides through High-speed Counter-Current Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 58:992-1000. [PMID: 32901274 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, with an extensive distribution in natural products, represent a group of natural bioactive substances having widespread applications in health-care food products and as biomaterials. Devising an efficient system for the separation and purification of polysaccharides from natural sources, hence, is of utmost importance in the widespread applicability and feasibility of research for the development of polysaccharide-based products. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) is a continuous liquid-liquid partitioning chromatography with the ability to support a high loading amount and crude material treatment. Due to its flexible two-phase solvent system, HSCCC has been successfully used in the separation of many natural products. Based on HSCCC unique advantages over general column chromatography and its enhanced superiority in this regard when coupled to aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), this review summarizes the separation and purification of various bioactive polysaccharides through HSCCC and its coupling to ATPS as an aid in future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Bilal Muhammad Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
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Hammerschick T, Wagner T, Vetter W. Isolation of saturated alkylresorcinols from rye grains by countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1904-1912. [PMID: 33655655 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (5-alkyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzenes) are amphiphilic phenolic lipid compounds that are abundant in cereals with highest contents in rye. Alkylresorcinols are suspected to show a wide range of favourable biological activities. For such and further testing, highly pure alkylresorcinol standards are required. Especially, purities >> 98% were partly difficult to obtain in the past. Here, we aimed to isolate the most abundant (saturated) alkylresorcinols from rye using countercurrent chromatography. To achieve very high purity, alkylresorcinol-containing extract (∼7.14 g) of rye grains (cold extracts with cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (46/54, w/w)) were preparatively transesterified followed by a preparative hydrogenation. Countercurrent chromatography separation of ∼1 g hydrogenated and transesterified rye grain extract using the solvent system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (9:1:9:1, v/v/v/v) yielded 51.8 mg AR17:0, 77.4 mg AR19:0, 57.2 mg AR21:0, 28.8 mg AR23:0 and 11.5 mg AR25:0 with purities >99% in either case. The isolated alkylresorcinol homologues can be used for subsequent bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hammerschick
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Wagner
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Overview of the major classes of new psychoactive substances, psychoactive effects, analytical determination and conformational analysis of selected illegal drugs. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The misuse of psychoactive substances is attracting a great deal of attention from the general public. An increase use of psychoactive substances is observed among young people who do not have enough awareness of the harmful effects of these substances. Easy access to illicit drugs at low cost and lack of effective means of routine screening for new psychoactive substances (NPS) have contributed to the rapid increase in their use. New research and evidence suggest that drug use can cause a variety of adverse psychological and physiological effects on human health (anxiety, panic, paranoia, psychosis, and seizures). We describe different classes of these NPS drugs with emphasis on the methods used to identify them and the identification of their metabolites in biological specimens. This is the first review that thoroughly gives the literature on both natural and synthetic illegal drugs with old known data and very hot new topics and investigations, which enables the researcher to use it as a starting point in the literature exploration and planning of the own research. For the first time, the conformational analysis was done for selected illegal drugs, giving rise to the search of the biologically active conformations both theoretically and using lab experiments.
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Doneda E, Bianchi SE, Pittol V, Kreutz T, Scholl JN, Ibañez IL, Bracalente C, Durán H, Figueiró F, Klamt F, Bassani VL. 3-O-Methylquercetin from Achyrocline satureioides-cytotoxic activity against A375-derived human melanoma cell lines and its incorporation into cyclodextrins-hydrogels for topical administration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2151-2168. [PMID: 33410099 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3-O-Methylquercetin (3OMQ), a natural 3-O-methylflavonoid, was isolated from Achyrocline satureioides and purified using the high-performance counter current chromatography (HPCCC) on a semi-preparative scale. High-purity 3OMQ (98%) was obtained with excellent recovery (81.8% (w/w)) and good yield (190 mg/100 g of plant). Isolated 3OMQ was evaluated against the A375 human amelanotic melanoma cancer cell line and A375-derived with different degrees of aggressiveness (A375-A7, A375-G10, and A375-PCDNA3). The results showed that 3OMQ reduced the cell viability of all strains, demonstrating time- and dose-dependent responses. 3OMQ was used to obtain hydrogels for the topical treatment of melanoma. Thus, 3OMQ was incorporated into hypromellose hydrogels with/without different cyclodextrins (CDs). The 3OMQ formulations showed permeation/retention in all skin layers, namely stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis. A significant amount of 3OMQ was found in the replication site of the melanoma cells (epidermis and dermis). Altogether, these results demonstrate that 3OMQ can be isolated from Achyrocline satureioides by HPCCC on a semi-preparative scale and exhibit cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells. Its incorporation into an HPMC hydrogel containing HP-β-CD yielded a formulation with excellent technological and biopharmaceutical characteristics for evaluating the topical management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Doneda
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, 2752-607, Brazil
| | - Sara Elis Bianchi
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, 2752-607, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Pittol
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, 2752-607, Brazil
| | - Tainá Kreutz
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, 2752-607, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 90035-003, Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 2600, Brazil
| | - Irene L Ibañez
- Instituto de Nanociencia Y Nanotecnología Nodo Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET) Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, CNEA, Argentina
| | - Candelaria Bracalente
- Instituto de Nanociencia Y Nanotecnología Nodo Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET) Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, CNEA, Argentina
| | - Hebe Durán
- Instituto de Nanociencia Y Nanotecnología Nodo Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET) Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, CNEA, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Escuela de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Campus Miguelete, B1650KNA, Villa Lynch, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 90035-003, Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 2600, Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 90035-003, Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 2600, Brazil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 90035-003, Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 2600, Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 90035-003, Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 2600, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, 2752-607, Brazil.
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Efficient Separation of Phytochemicals from Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl. by Polarity-Stepwise Elution Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Antioxidant, Antiglycation, and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Potentials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010224. [PMID: 33406776 PMCID: PMC7796107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl. (M. volcanica), native to South America, is a traditional Peruvian medicinal plant that has multi-therapeutic properties; however, no phytochemicals have been identified from it yet. In this study, a five-step polarity-stepwise elution counter-current chromatography (CCC) was developed using methanol/water (1:5, v/v) as the stationary phase and different ratios of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol as mobile phases to separate the compounds from the 70% methanol extract of M. volcanica, by which six compounds with a wide range of polarities were separated in a single run of CCC and were identified as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-imino-di-benzoic acid, rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. Then, two compounds from the fractions of stepwise elution CCC were separated using conventional high-speed CCC, pH-zone-refining CCC, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and identified as shikimic acid and miquelianin. These compounds are reported from M. volcanica for the first time. Notably, except for shikimic acid, all other compounds showed anti-diabetic potentials via antioxidant, antiglycation, and aldose reductase inhibition. The results suggest that the polarity-stepwise elution CCC can be used to efficiently separate or fractionate compounds with a wide range of polarities from natural products. Moreover, M. volcanica and its bioactive compounds are potent anti-diabetic agents.
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Kostanyan AA, Voshkin AA, Belova VV. Analytical, Preparative, and Industrial-Scale Separation of Substances by Methods of Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2020; 25:E6020. [PMID: 33353256 PMCID: PMC7766798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Countercurrent liquid-liquid chromatographic techniques (CCC), similar to solvent extraction, are based on the different distribution of compounds between two immiscible liquids and have been most widely used in natural product separations. Due to its high load capacity, low solvent consumption, the diversity of separation methods, and easy scale-up, CCC provides an attractive tool to obtain pure compounds in the analytical, preparative, and industrial-scale separations. This review focuses on the steady-state and non-steady-state CCC separations ranging from conventional CCC to more novel methods such as different modifications of dual mode, closed-loop recycling, and closed-loop recycling dual modes. The design and modeling of various embodiments of CCC separation processes have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey A. Voshkin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.B.)
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Dawid C, Weber D, Musiol E, Janas V, Baur S, Lang R, Fromme T. Comparative assessment of purified saponins as permeabilization agents during respirometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148251. [PMID: 32598881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a diverse group of secondary plant metabolites, some of which display hemolytic toxicity due to plasma membrane permeabilization. This feature is employed in biological applications for transferring hydrophilic molecules through cell membranes. Widely used commercial saponins include digitonin and saponins from soap tree bark, both of which constitute complex mixtures of little definition. We assessed the permeabilization power of pure saponins towards cellular membranes in an effort to detect novel properties and to improve existing applications. In a respirometric assay, we characterized half-maximal permeabilization of the plasma membrane for different metabolites, of the mitochondrial outer membrane for cytochrome C and the full solubilization of mitochondrial inner membrane protein complexes. Beyond the complete list as repository for the field, we highlight several findings with direct applicability. First, we identified and validated α-chaconine as alternative permeabilization agent in respirometric assays of cultured cells and isolated synaptosomes, superior to digitonin in its tolerability for mitochondria. Second, we identified glycyrrhizic acid to form exceptionally small pores impermeable for adenosine diphosphate. Third, in a concentration dependent manner, tomatine proved to be able to selectively permeabilize the mitochondrial outer, but not inner membrane, allowing for novel states in which to determine cytochrome C oxidase activity. In summary, we provide a list of the permeabilization properties of 18 pure saponins. The identification of two saponins, namely tomatine and chaconine, with direct usability in improved or novel cell biological applications within this small subgroup demonstrates the tremendous potential for further functional screening of pure saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Musiol
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Vanessa Janas
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baur
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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Barrientos R, Fernández-Galleguillos C, Pastene E, Simirgiotis M, Romero-Parra J, Ahmed S, Echeverría J. Metabolomic Analysis, Fast Isolation of Phenolic Compounds, and Evaluation of Biological Activities of the Bark From Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae). Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:780. [PMID: 32536867 PMCID: PMC7267059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. (Cunoniaceae) (local name, tineo; Mapuche names, madén, mëdehue) is an endemic species of Chile and Argentina used in Mapuche traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, inflammation, and wound healing. This study focused on the isolation, analysis, and characterization of the biological activity of compounds and bark extracts from this plant for the first time. The infusion and tincture of the bark were characterized regarding antioxidant and important enzyme inhibitory activities, phenolics, and flavonoids content and UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS metabolite profiling. Twenty-five metabolites were detected in the medicinal infusion of W. trichosperma, three flavonols were isolated: isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, and neoastilbin ((2R,3S)-, (2S,3R)-, and (2S,3S)-dihydroquercetin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnoside) by countercurrent chromatography, and the isomers were quantified in the bark using a validated analytical HPLC methodology. The antioxidant properties were measured by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and TEAC methods. The infusion displayed a strong DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity (IC50 = 20.58 and 3.070 µg ml−1, respectively) while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS assays. The infusion showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 442.1 mg GAE g−1 and 15.54 mg QE g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the infusion showed a good and promissory inhibitory activity (33.80%, 33.12%, and 82.86% for AChE, BuChE, and 5-hLOX, respectively) and isoastilbin (51.70%, 50.10%, and 34.29–80.71% for AChE, BuChE, and 5-hLOX, respectively). The biomolecules identified in this study support the traditional uses of this bark and the potential industrial interest from this Valdivian plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Barrientos
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhao S, Wang C, Wang X, Jin Y, Sun W, Gong X, Tong S. Liquid-liquid chromatography in sample pretreatment for quantitative analysis of trace component in traditional Chinese medicines by conventional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen L, Xin X, Feng H, Li S, Cao Q, Wang X, Vriesekoop F. Isolation and Identification of Anthocyanin Component in the Fruits of Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem. by Means of High Speed Counter Current Chromatography and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081781. [PMID: 32295006 PMCID: PMC7221754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem. (Araliaceae) is one of the most abundant species of genus Acanthopanax. The fruits of A. sessiliflorus are used in traditional medical protocols as an analgesic, tonic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-stimulating agent. In this work, we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the anthocyanin components in the fruits of A. sessiliflorus. The anthocyanin content in the fresh fruits of A. sessiliflorus was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC/DAD), and the anthocyanin component was isolated from these using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and elucidated by electro-spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), 1H- and 13C-NMR. Its antioxidant activity was evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). We found that A. sessiliflorus contained a gross anthocyanin content of 121.35 mg/100 g. HSCCC was successfully used for separation and purification of the primary anthocyanin component, cyanidin 3-xylosyl-galactoside. The antioxidant and radical scavenging tests indicated that cyanidin 3-xylosyl-galactoside is a potent antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China; (L.C.); (H.F.); (S.L.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xiulan Xin
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China; (L.C.); (H.F.); (S.L.); (Q.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (F.V.); Tel.: +44-1952-820-280 (F.V.)
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China; (L.C.); (H.F.); (S.L.); (Q.C.)
| | - Shuangshi Li
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China; (L.C.); (H.F.); (S.L.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qiguang Cao
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China; (L.C.); (H.F.); (S.L.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xinying Wang
- MSD R&D (China) Ltd. Co., Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (F.V.); Tel.: +44-1952-820-280 (F.V.)
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Gabaston J, Leborgne C, Waffo-Téguo P, Pedrot E, Richard T, Mérillon JM, Valls Fonayet J. Separation and isolation of major polyphenols from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) knots by two-step centrifugal partition chromatography monitored by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1080-1088. [PMID: 31970869 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pine knots are a rich source of lignans, flavonoids, and stilbenes. These bioactive compounds are widely known for their roles to combat human disorders but also to protect plants against pathogens. In order to gain knowledge inside their potential activities, a suitable isolation and purification of these high-added value compounds is required. To this end, centrifugal partition chromatography, as a rapid and useful methodology of separation, was employed and developed. The coefficient partition values (KD ) of six major compounds in nine biphasic solvent systems were determined to evaluate the most appropriate system. Two-step centrifugal partition chromatography was required to separate lignans using ARIZONA system K (n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 1:2:1:2, v:v) and to isolate stilbenes and flavonoids using ARIZONA system P (n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 6:5:6:5, v:v). Eight one-compound enriched-fractions were obtained as follows: nortrachelogenin (70.1%), secoisolariciresinol (53.7%), isolariciresinol (61.1%), taxifolin (48.4%), pinocembrin (91.3%), pinobanksin (91.1%), pinosylvin (91.4%), and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (91.1%). Additionally, the centrifugal partition chromatography allowed to unravel the composition of pine knot owing to the several fractions generated. Twenty-two compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, some of which are described for the first time in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gabaston
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Leborgne
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Waffo-Téguo
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Eric Pedrot
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Tristan Richard
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Josep Valls Fonayet
- Unité de recherche Œnologie, Axe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
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Lo Faro AF, Di Trana A, La Maida N, Tagliabracci A, Giorgetti R, Busardò FP. Biomedical analysis of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) of natural origin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:112945. [PMID: 31704129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) can be divided into two main groups: synthetic molecules and active principles of natural origin. With respect to this latter group, a wide range of alkaloids contained in plants, mainly from Asia and South America, can be included in the class of NPS of natural origin. The majority NPS of natural origin presents stimulant and/or hallucinogenic effects (e.g. Catha edulis and Ayahuasca, respectively) while few of them show sedative and relaxing properties (e.g. kratom). Few information is available in relation to the analytical identification of psychoactive principles contained in the plant material. Moreover, to our knowledge, scarce data are present in literature, about the characterization and quantification of the parent drug in biological matrices from intoxication and fatality cases. In addition, the metabolism of natural active principles has not been yet fully investigated for most of the psychoactive substances from plant material. Consequently, their identification is not frequently performed and produced metabolites are often unknown. To fill this gap, we reviewed the currently available analytical methodologies for the identification and quantification of NPS of natural origin in plant material and, whenever possible, in conventional and non-conventional biological matrices of intoxicated and dead subjects. The psychoactive principles contained in the following plants were investigated: Areca catechu, Argyreia nervosa, Ayahuasca, Catha edulis, Ipomoea violacea, Mandragora officinarum, Mitragyna speciosa, Pausinystalia yohimbe, Piper methisticum, Psilocybe, Rivea corymbosa, Salvia divinorum, Sceletium tortuosum, Lactuca virosa. From the results obtained, it can be evidenced that although several analytical methods for the simultaneous quantification of different molecules from the same plants have been developed and validated, a comprehensive method to detect active compounds from different natural specimens both in biological and non-biological matrices is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annagiulia Di Trana
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunzia La Maida
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy.
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Engels NS, Waltenberger B, Schwaiger S, Huynh L, Tran H, Stuppner H. Melodamide A from Melodorum fruticosum - Quantification using HPLC and one-step-isolation by centrifugal partition chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3165-3172. [PMID: 31393665 PMCID: PMC6852412 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Melodamide A, a phenolic amide from the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum Lour., has previously shown pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. In order to rapidly isolate larger quantities for biological testing, a fast, one-step isolation method by centrifugal partition chromatography was developed within this study. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed with a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water (3:7:5:5, v/v), leading to the isolation of melodamide A with a purity of >90% and a yield of 6.7 w% within 32 min. The developed method can also be used in dual mode for the enrichment of further constituents like flavonoids or chalcones. In order to support the centrifugal partition chromatography method development, additionally, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was established and validated to determine quantities of melodamide A in plant material and crude extracts. Analysis of M. fruticosum leaves and a dichloromethane extract obtained from this plant material showed a total melodamide A content of 0.19 ± 0.008 and 8.9 ± 0.249 w%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S. Engels
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Loi Huynh
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hồ Chí Minh City
Hồ Chí MinhVietnam
| | - Hung Tran
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hồ Chí Minh City
Hồ Chí MinhVietnam
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Improving the resolution of overlapping peaks by heartcut two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography with the same solvent system in both dimensions. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:142-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang Z, Guo P, Han R, Wu D, Gao JM, Wu S. Methanol linear gradient counter-current chromatography for the separation of natural products: Sinopodophyllum hexandrum as samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:251-261. [PMID: 31266644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is a unique, liquid-liquid partition chromatography process. Both the mobile and stationary phases are liquids, so no solid support matrix is used. CCC has gained wide acceptance as a preparative technique in a variety of fields. Because the mobile and stationary phases are both liquids, gradient elution is difficult to perform with CCC. Phase equilibrium must be maintained, so any change in the composition of one phase may induce a compositional change in the other. In this work, a new linear gradient elution method was developed for CCC. Biphasic solvent systems containing heptane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water (HepEMWat) in various ratios were prepared and used to optimize both isocratic and linear gradient CCC separation with methanol. We first separated a test mixture of four standard compounds with partition coefficients ranging from 0.8 to 7.8. The separation resembled a reversed-phase process, and elution was performed while progressively decreasing the polarity of the mobile phase. Target molecules with small partition coefficients eluted first in the lower phase of the optimized HepEMWat solvent system. Elution of constituents with large partition coefficients was quite slow under isocratic conditions. Separation time was significantly reduced when elution was performed with a linear gradient using methanol and the optimal HepEMWat system. Elution with a 3:7:4:6 (v/v/v/v) HepEMWat system took approximately 200 min. This included an 80-min isocratic step, followed by gradient elution with methanol from 0% to 30%. The optimized methanol linear gradient CCC method was then used to separate a complex mixture of natural products isolated from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying roots. Twelve compounds with a wide range of polarities were well-resolved in a single separation. We have developed a convenient and cost-effective strategy for the separation of complex mixtures. No tedious mobile phase preparation step is required. The volume of unused mobile phase is minimal, so little solvent is wasted. The method is an important advance for the separation of mixtures that contain many compounds with a large range of polarities and partition coefficients, which are common features of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xiong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peipei Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xiong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xiong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingfang Wu
- Rui'an Food Inspection and Testing Center, Rui'an, 325204, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xiong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Simultaneous separation of six pure polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange peel extract by high performance counter current chromatography. Food Chem 2019; 292:160-165. [PMID: 31054661 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful isolation of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from citrus peels has led to numerous evaluations of PMFs in a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as inhibition of chronic inflammation, cancer prevention and anti-atherogenic properties. Recent reports associated with the health promoting properties of PMFs in citrus fruits have dramatically increased. However, the limiting factor in animal and human study of PMFs is still the supply of pure PMFs, such as tangeretin, nobiletin, sinensetin and 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone. Herein, we introduce the newly developed efficient separation method using high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) in isolating multiple pure single PMFs simultaneously in one cycle process. With the smallest preparation loop on the semi-preparative HPCCC instrument, the optimized solvent system of hexanes/ethyl acetate/methanol/water resulted in the isolation of pure sinensetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone directly from crude sweet orange peel extract in one cycle of separation process by HPCCC in the mode of reverse phase. The purity of each of the six isolated PMFs is greater than 96.6% analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Scale-up and high purity of individual PMFs can be separated by using a large separation loop in preparative HPCCC model. The renovated HPCCC methodology can be practically used in natural product isolation and consequent biological property evaluation.
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38
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Ghisalberti EL. Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Isolation, Structure, Analysis, and Biosynthesis. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the steroidal glycoalkaloids have emerged as an important class of bioactive compounds. Their occurrence in a number of foods and their diverse biological activities has encouraged the development of more efficient procedures for their isolation, purification and analysis, and more sensitive methods of detection and structure determination. This review is mainly concerned with new approaches for the characterization of these metabolites. The formation of artifacts of isolation and purification is discussed. The limited information on their biosynthesis is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L. Ghisalberti
- Chemistry, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Fokialakis N, Alexi X, Aligiannis N, Boulaka A, Meligova AK, Lambrinidis G, Kalpoutzakis E, Pratsinis H, Cheilari A, Mitsiou DJ, Mitakou S, Alexis MN. Biological evaluation of isoflavonoids from Genista halacsyi using estrogen-target cells: Activities of glucosides compared to aglycones. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210247. [PMID: 30620769 PMCID: PMC6324813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of estrogen target cells to a series of isoflavone glucosides and aglycones from Genista halacsyi Heldr. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant was processed using fast centrifugal partition chromatography, resulting in isolation of four archetypal isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, isoprunetin, 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein) and ten derivatives thereof. 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein were among the most abundant constituents of the isolate. All fourteen, except genistein, displayed low binding affinity for estrogen receptors (ER). Models of binding to ERα could account for the low binding affinity of monoglucosides. Genistein and its glucosides displayed full efficacy in inducing alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in Ishikawa cells, proliferation of MCF-7 cells and ER-dependent gene expression in reporter cells at low concentrations (around 0.3 μM). ICI182,780 fully antagonized these effects. The AlkP-inducing efficacy of the fourteen isoflavonoids was more strongly correlated with their transcriptional efficacy through ERα. O-monoglucosides displayed higher area under the dose-response curve (AUC) of AlkP response relative to the AUC of ERα-transcriptional response compared to the respective aglycones. In addition, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein displayed estradiol-like efficacy in promoting differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells to osteoblasts, while genistein was not convincingly effective in this respect. Moreover, 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells, while 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein was not convincingly effective and genistein was ineffective. However, genistein and its O-glucosides were ineffective in inhibiting differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells to osteoclasts and in protecting glutamate-challenged HT22 hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death. These findings suggest that 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein display higher estrogen-like and/or anti-inflammatory activity compared to the aglycone. The possibility of using preparations rich in O-β-D-glucopyranosides of genistein to substitute for low-dose estrogen in formulations for menopausal symptoms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Boulaka
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki K. Meligova
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra J. Mitsiou
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael N. Alexis
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
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Mezache N, Derbré S, Laouer H, Richomme P, Séraphin D, Akkal S. Senecipyrrolidine, an unusual pyrrolidine alkaloid isolated from Jacobaea gigantea (Desf.) Pelser (Asteraceae). Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2182-2191. [PMID: 30375240 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1493584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids and phenolic compounds are among the most biologically active natural products from the Jacobaea/Senecio genera (Asteraceae). To isolate original natural products directly from Jacobaea gigantea crude polar extracts, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was used. Previously, we reported the phytochemical study of J. gigantea (syn. Senecio giganteus) n-butanol extract using various classical chromatographical techniques combined with CPC. Herein major constituents from the J. gigantea crude ethyl acetate extract and further compounds from the n-butanol extract were purified in only one step using this technique. A new pyrrolidine alkaloid, named senecipyrrolidine was isolated along with thirteen known compounds - chiro-inositol, three phenolic acids, six flavonoids, two quinones and emiline, another pyrrolidine alkaloid - from crude n-butanol or ethyl acetate extracts. Pyrrolidine alkaloids were isolated for the first time in the Jacobaea/Senecio genera and were probably biogenetically related to the two isolated quinones derivatives jacaranone and 3a-hydroxy-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2,6-dione, isolated in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Mezache
- a Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences , UFA Sétif , Sétif , Algérie
| | - Séverine Derbré
- b EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV , UNIV Angers, Université d'Angers , Angers , France
| | - Hocine Laouer
- c Laboratoire de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles Biologiques, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , UFA Sétif , Sétif , Algérie
| | - Pascal Richomme
- b EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV , UNIV Angers, Université d'Angers , Angers , France
| | - Denis Séraphin
- b EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV , UNIV Angers, Université d'Angers , Angers , France
| | - Salah Akkal
- d Département de Chimie, VARENBIOMOL, Faculté des Sciences Exactes , Université de Constantine 1 , Constantine , Algérie
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Diez-Bello R, Jardin I, Lopez JJ, El Haouari M, Ortega-Vidal J, Altarejos J, Salido GM, Salido S, Rosado JA. (-)‑Oleocanthal inhibits proliferation and migration by modulating Ca 2+ entry through TRPC6 in breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:474-485. [PMID: 30321616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive type of cancer that does not respond to hormonal therapy and current therapeutic strategies are accompanied by side effects due to cytotoxic actions on normal tissues. Therefore, there is a need for the identification of anti-cancer compounds with negligible effects on non-tumoral cells. Here we show that (-)‑oleocanthal (OLCT), a phenolic compound isolated from olive oil, selectively impairs MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and viability without affecting the ability of non-tumoral MCF10A cells to proliferate or their viability. Similarly, OLCT selectively impairs the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to migrate while the ability of MCF10A to migrate was unaffected. The effect of OLCT was not exclusive for triple negative breast cancer cells as we found that OLCT also attenuate cell viability and proliferation of MCF7 cells. Our results indicate that OLCT is unable to induce Ca2+ mobilization in non-tumoral cells. By contrast, OLCT induces Ca2+ entry in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which is impaired by TRPC6 expression silencing. We have found that MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells overexpress the channel TRPC6 as compared to non-tumoral MCF10A and treatment with OLCT for 24-72 h downregulates TRPC6 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings indicate that OLCT impairs the ability of breast cancer cells to proliferate and migrate via downregulation of TRPC6 channel expression while having no effect on the biology of non-tumoral breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diez-Bello
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - I Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - J J Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - M El Haouari
- Centre Régional des Métiers de l'Education et de la Formation de Taza, 35000 Taza, Morocco; Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement & Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - J Ortega-Vidal
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaen, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - J Altarejos
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaen, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - G M Salido
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - S Salido
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaen, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), 23071 Jaen, Spain.
| | - J A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
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Thorough study of persistent organic pollutants and halogenated natural products in sperm whale blubber through preparative sample cleanup followed by fractionation with countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Müller M, Hammann S, Vetter W. Countercurrent chromatographic isolation and purification of 11′-α-tocomonoenol from the vitamin E extract of palm oil. Food Chem 2018; 256:327-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li J, Engelberth AS. Quantification and purification of lutein and zeaxanthin recovered from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zou H, Guo G, Wang M, Cao J, Huang G. Isolation of quinolone alkaloids from Tetradium ruticarpum via preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography and evaluation of their binding affinities for bovine serum albumin. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Minglong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, P. R. China
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Liang N, Cai P, Wu D, Pan Y, Curtis JM, Gänzle MG. High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC) Purification of Antifungal Hydroxy Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Plant-Seed Oil and Lactobacillus Cultures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11229-11236. [PMID: 29224354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) can function as antifungal agents. To investigate the antifungal spectrum, that is, the scope of the in vitro fungal-inhibition activities of HUFA and their potential applications, three HUFA were produced by microbial transformation or extracted from plant-seed oils; these compounds included coriolic acid (13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid) from Coriaria seed oil, 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid from cultures of Lactobacillus hammesii, and 13-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid from cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum TMW1.460Δlah. HUFA were purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), characterized by LC-MS and MS/MS, and their antifungal activities were evaluated with 15 indicator fungal strains. The HUFA had different antifungal spectra when compared with unsaturated fatty acids with comparable structures but without hydroxy groups. The inhibitory effects of HUFA specifically targeted filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roqueforti, whereas yeasts, including Candida spp. and Saccharomyces spp., were resistant to HUFA. The findings here support the development of food applications for antifungal HUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Datong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
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Xu Y, Li Y, Maffucci KG, Huang L, Zeng R. Analytical Methods of Phytochemicals from the Genus Gentiana. Molecules 2017; 22:E2080. [PMID: 29182593 PMCID: PMC6149888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gentiana comprises approximately 400 species. Many species have a wide range of pharmacological activities and have been used therapeutically for thousands of years. To provide comprehensive guidance, utilization and quality control of Gentiana species, this review presents updated information concerning the recent application and progress of chemical analysis including phytochemical analysis, sample preparation and chemometrics. Detailed and comprehensive data including number of analytes, extraction/separation methods, analytical techniques and chemometrics are shown as corresponding tables. These data illustrate that the development of newly discovered compounds and therapeutic uses, understanding of the structure-activity relationship and establishment of harmonious and effective medicinal herb standards are the direction of advancement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Sun ZL, He JM, Lan JE, Mu Q. High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography with an Online Storage Technique for the Preparative Isolation and Purification of Dihydroflavonoids from Sophora alopecuroides L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:496-504. [PMID: 28589595 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) is an efficient and non-absorption separation technique, but limitations still exist in simultaneous isolation of complex structures of natural products. Moreover, particular methods are various for different kinds of natural products. OBJECTIVE A novel HSCCC strategy combined with an online storage recycling elution (OSR-CCC) technique was developed for the quick separation of naturally occurring dihydroflavonoids from the extract of the herb Sophora alopecuroides L. METHODOLOGY In the separation procedure, a storage loop and two six-port valves were connected to a HSCCC system. Effluent A was subjected to an online storage loop and then to recycling separation three times after effluent B was collected in head-to-tail mode. After completion of the recycling separation of effluent A, the elution was switched to tail-to-head mode to collect effluent C. A biphasic solvent system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (9:6:6:8, v/v/v/v) was used as the separation solvent during the whole elution. RESULTS Six constituents were isolated simultaneously from the extract (200 mg) of S. alopecuroides by running HSCCC non-stop, and their purities were higher than 95.0%. Their structures were determined as the pterocarpan glycoside sophoratonkin (1) (10.0 mg) and five dihydroflavonoids, alopecurone F (2) (5.4 mg), lehmannin (3) (11.0 mg), alopecurone A (4) (35.0 mg), sophoraflavanone G (5) (21.0 mg), alopecurone B (6) (31.0 mg). CONCLUSION This recycling HSCCC method combined with an online storage technique could be a rapid, effective and simple approach to isolate stilbene-dihydroflavonoids from herbs of the Sophora genus simultaneously. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ming He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Er Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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Leitão SG, Leitão GG, Vicco DK, Pereira JPB, de Morais Simão G, Oliveira DR, Celano R, Campone L, Piccinelli AL, Rastrelli L. Counter-current chromatography with off-line detection by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry in the study of the phenolic profile of Lippia origanoides. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1520:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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van Rensburg E, Zietsman PC, Bonnet SL, Wilhelm A. Alkaloids from the Bulbs of Boophone disticha. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Boophone disticha is widely used in South African traditional medicine. Several of its biological properties can be corroborated via its alkaloid constituents. Previous research on this plant led to the isolation of several alkaloids, mainly of the crinane alkaloid group of the Amaryllidaceae. In the present study, one new compound 1- O-acetylbuphanamine (1) and four known crinane alkaloids were isolated chromatographically from the ethanol extract of the bulbs of B. disticha. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS, HRMS and IR data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter C. Zietsman
- National Museum, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Susan L. Bonnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
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