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Davtian N, Penalva N, Rosell-Melé A, Villanueva J. Selective extraction of levoglucosan and its isomers from complex matrices using ligand exchange-solid phase extraction for analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463935. [PMID: 36965285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of trace quantities of monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) in sediments is complicated by the lack of fast and reliable technologies to selectively extract these water-soluble non-ionic compounds from samples of complex composition. Here we describe a solid phase extraction method that takes advantage of the affinity between monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) and immobilized Na+ ions related to ligand-exchange processes (LE-SPE). The capacity factor of LE-SPE columns was enhanced by using non-aqueous mobile phases such as DCM/MeOH mixtures. We have used the unique properties of LE-SPE columns to selectively extract MAs from lacustrine, coastal, and deep-sea oceanic sediment samples. The analytical procedure produces extracts with low ion suppression effects (0-20%), resulting in ideal conditions for MAs quantification with LC-ESI-MS/MS systems irrespective of the sedimentary matrix and MAs concentration. The analytical method yields repeatable concentration values (RSD of 9-23% for levoglucosan and 15-34% for mannosan and galactosan) and an IS recovery of 45-70%. The instrumental dynamic range is 10-10000 pg injected, but in practice, the methodological lower limit of quantification is constrained by sample contamination during processing. The combination of LE-SPE and LC-ESI-MS/MS has the potential to produce sensitive and reliable technologies to analyze saccharides and amino acids in environmental and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Davtian
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Nuria Penalva
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villanueva
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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2
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Charged aerosol detector HPLC as a characterization and quantification application of biopharmaceutically relevant polysialic acid from E. coli K1. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1599:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Mashayekhy Rad F, Spinicci S, Silvergren S, Nilsson U, Westerholm R. Validation of a HILIC/ESI-MS/MS method for the wood burning marker levoglucosan and its isomers in airborne particulate matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:617-623. [PMID: 30096575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a methodology involving hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrospray (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for measurement of anhydrous monosaccharides as markers for wood burning in atmospheric aerosols, PM10. No extensive sample preparation, other than ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction and evaporation, was applied. A pentahydroxysilica column enabled separation of levoglucosan from mannosan and galactosan within 5 min and the quantitative performance was validated using the standard reference materials (SRM) 1649a and 1649b. The experimentally obtained results for SRMs were in agreement with values previously reported in other studies. Achieved instrumental limits of detection (LODs) were below 10 pg injected on column, corresponding to LODs in air lower than 0.10 ng/m3 for all measured isomers for 2-3 day sampling with 1.0 m-3 h-1 sampling rate. The validated method was used for the determination of levoglucosan and its isomers in atmospheric aerosols collected in three different Swedish urban areas during the winter and summer time in 2017. The total measured concentrations for levoglucosan and galactosan + mannosan were determined to be between 78 and 167 ng/m3 in January 2017, which is approximately 10-times higher compared to the levels detected in July, reflecting the higher frequency of wood burning for heating during the cold season. Calculated concentration ratios between levoglucosan and its isomers in the urban area samples indicated mostly mixed softwood/hardwood combustion in winter time; on the other hand, softwood burning was observed as the major emission in summer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mashayekhy Rad
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Spinicci
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Silvergren
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Box 8136, SE-104 20, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Nilsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Westerholm
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Coufalík P, Čmelík R, Křůmal K, Čapka L, Mikuška P. Determination of short-term changes in levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid in aerosols with Condensation Growth Unit - Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit - LC-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:279-286. [PMID: 30005349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Residential areas in urban agglomerations and also in the countryside are often burdened with high concentrations of aerosol in winter, this originating from local combustion sources. Aerosol sources can be identified by a monitoring of organic markers of biomass burning. Abundant markers of biomass and softwood burning are levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid, respectively. The aim of this research was to develop an analytical method for the determination of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid in aerosol over short time periods involving aerosol sampling into liquid samples, quantitative pre-concentration of analytes, and their determination by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. A Condensation Growth Unit - Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit (CGU-ACTJU) sampler was used for the quantitative collection of aerosol directly into water. Dehydroabietic acid was pre-concentrated from the aqueous phase by solid phase extraction (C-18). Afterwards, levoglucosan in water samples was concentrated on a vacuum evaporator. The detection limits of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid were 28 ng m-3 and 5.5 ng m-3, respectively. The results obtained by the developed method were compared with an independent determination of both markers in aerosol by means of the sampling of aerosols on a filter and subsequent analysis by GC-MS. The developed method demonstrated sufficient agreement with the independent determination for generated standard aerosol as well as for urban aerosol over an eight-day winter campaign. The presented method allows the monitoring of concentration changes in biomass burning markers in 2-h intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Coufalík
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Čmelík
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Křůmal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čapka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Janoszka K, Czaplicka M. Methods for the determination of levoglucosan and other sugar anhydrides as biomass burning tracers in environmental samples - A review. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:319-329. [PMID: 30350917 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a great pressure on finding an alternative source of energy. One such source is biomass combustion. Biomass is any organic matter such as wood, crops, seaweed, and animal wastes that during combustion emits energy but also smoke and solid residue. Biomass burning tracers, such as levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, are sugar anhydrides produced during burning of biomass that contain cellulose and hemicellulose. Analysis of environmental samples for tracers is the source of information about the type of biofuel burned. In this article, a literature review of the preparation and determination of biomass burning tracers for environmental samples was presented. The review discusses the preparation of different samples (particulate matter, soils, sediments, biological samples), extraction, derivatization, and determination. Amongst determination methods the most popular was gas chromatography with mass spectrometry but other techniques were also used, such as high-performance liquid chromatography with aerosol charge detection, capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection, and ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Janoszka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marianna Czaplicka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Science, Zabrze, Poland
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6
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Achad M, Caumo S, de Castro Vasconcellos P, Bajano H, Gómez D, Smichowski P. Chemical markers of biomass burning: Determination of levoglucosan, and potassium in size-classified atmospheric aerosols collected in Buenos Aires, Argentina by different analytical techniques. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Xu J, He J, Xu H, Ji D, Snape C, Yu H, Jia C, Wang C, Gao J. Simultaneous measurement of multiple organic tracers in fine aerosols from biomass burning and fungal spores by HPLC-MS/MS. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34136-34150. [PMID: 35548813 PMCID: PMC9086710 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs: levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) and sugar alcohols (arabitol and mannitol) are widely used as organic tracers for source identification of aerosols emitted from biomass burning and fungal spores, respectively. In the past, these two types of organic tracer have been measured separately or conjointly using different analytical techniques, with which a number of disadvantages have been experienced during the application to environmental aerosol samples, including organic solvent involved extraction, time-consuming derivatization, or poor separation efficiency due to overlapping peaks, etc. Hence, in this study a more environment-friendly, effective and integrated extraction and analytical method has been developed for simultaneous determination of the above mentioned organic tracers in the same aerosol sample using ultrasonication and high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The ultrasonication assisted extraction process using ultrapure water can achieve satisfactory recoveries in the range of 100.3 ± 1.3% to 108.4 ± 1.6% for these tracers. All the parameters related to LC and MS/MS have been optimized to ensure good identification and pronounced intensity for each compound. A series of rigorous validation steps have been conducted. This newly developed analytical method using ultrasonication and HPLC-MS/MS has been successfully applied to environmental aerosol samples of different pollution levels for the simultaneous measurement of the above mentioned five organic tracers from biomass burning and fungal spores. Five organic tracers in fine aerosols can be simultaneously analysed by coupling ultrasonication and HPLC-MS/MS without a derivatization process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsha Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Honghui Xu
- Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Colin Snape
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health
- University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfa Gao
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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8
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Becker M, Zweckmair T, Forneck A, Rosenau T, Potthast A, Liebner F. Evaluation of different derivatisation approaches for gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates in complex matrices of biological and synthetic origin. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:115-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Stypulkowska K, Blazewicz A, Fijalek Z, Warowna-Grzeskiewicz M, Srebrzynska K. Determination of neomycin and related substances in pharmaceutical preparations by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and charged aerosol detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 76:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Hu DJ, Cheong KL, Zhao J, Li SP. Chromatography in characterization of polysaccharides from medicinal plants and fungi. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:1-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- De-jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Kit-leong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Shao-ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
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11
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Sielicki P, Janik H, Guzman A, Namieśnik J. The Progress in Electron Microscopy Studies of Particulate Matters to Be Used as a Standard Monitoring Method for Air Dust Pollution. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2011; 41:314-334. [PMID: 28094548 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.607076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews studies on air solid particles carried out with the use of electron microscopy. Particle analysis combining scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) can be used to derive size-resolved information of the composition, mixing state, morphology, and complex refractive index of atmospheric aerosol particles. It seems that electron microscopy is more widely used in atmospheric particulate matter analysis, but the usage of this method is sometimes problematic. First of all, there is no standard methodology adapted for dust analysis, and it is difficult to compare the results coming from different laboratories. Nevertheless, it was shown that this method has potential to be used in the future as a standard monitoring procedure of air solid particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sielicki
- a Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Helena Janik
- a Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Guzman
- a Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland
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12
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Stypulkowska K, Blazewicz A, Fijalek Z, Sarna K. Determination of Gentamicin Sulphate Composition and Related Substances in Pharmaceutical Preparations by LC with Charged Aerosol Detection. Chromatographia 2010; 72:1225-1229. [PMID: 21212825 PMCID: PMC2998643 DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple and repeatable liquid chromatography method with charged aerosol detection (LC-CAD) for the determination of gentamicin sulphate composition and related substances has been developed. Gentamicin lacks of chromophores, therefore its determination is quite problematic. Using a universal CAD enables to achieve good separation without sample derivatization. Mass spectrometry was employed to confirm the LC-CAD peak profile. The proposed method was validated and applied for the determination of gentamicin sulphate composition and related substances in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stypulkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Blazewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Fijalek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Warsaw Medical University, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Kessler SH, Smith JD, Che DL, Worsnop DR, Wilson KR, Kroll JH. Chemical sinks of organic aerosol: kinetics and products of the heterogeneous oxidation of erythritol and levoglucosan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7005-7010. [PMID: 20707414 DOI: 10.1021/es101465m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous oxidation of pure erythritol (C(4)H(10)O(4)) and levoglucosan (C(6)H(10)O(5)) particles was studied in order to evaluate the effects of atmospheric aging on the mass and chemical composition of atmospheric organic aerosol. In contrast to what is generally observed for the heterogeneous oxidation of reduced organics, substantial volatilization is observed in both systems. However, the ratio of the decrease in particle mass to the decrease in the concentration of the parent species is about three times higher for erythritol than for levoglucosan, indicating that details of chemical structure (such as carbon number, cyclic moieties, and oxygen-containing functional groups) play a governing role in the importance of volatilization reactions. The kinetics of the reaction indicate that while both compounds react at approximately the same rate, reactions of their oxidation products appear to be slowed substantially. Estimates of volatilities of organic species based on elemental composition measurements suggest that the heterogeneous oxidation of oxygenated organics may be an important loss mechanism of organic aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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14
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Błażewicz A, Fijałek Z, Sarna K, Warowna-Grześkiewicz M. Determination of Pancuronium and Its Impurities in Pharmaceutical Preparation by LC with Charged Aerosol Detection. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Błażewicz A, Fijałek Z, Warowna-Grześkiewicz M, Jadach M. Determination of atracurium, cisatracurium and mivacurium with their impurities in pharmaceutical preparations by liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Vehovec T, Obreza A. Review of operating principle and applications of the charged aerosol detector. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1549-56. [PMID: 20083252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently a new detection method, based upon aerosol charging (the charged aerosol detector (CAD)) has been introduced as an alternative to evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD), chemiluminescent nitrogen detector and refractive index detector for detection of non-ultraviolet and weakly ultraviolet active compounds and for UV-absorbing compounds in the absence of standards. The content of this review article includes description of operation principle, advantages and disadvantages of CAD system, and short reports of selected applications of this detector. The main advantages of CAD detector are unique performance characteristics: better sensitivity than ELSD system, a dynamic range of up to 4 orders of magnitude, ease of use and constancy of response factors. Both detectors are mass dependent and the response generated does not depend on the spectral or physicochemical properties of the analyte. This attractive feature of a detection technique generating universal response factors is the potential use of a single, universal standard for calibration against which all other compounds or impurities can be qualified. CAD also has the same limitation as ELSD, namely, the response is affected by mobile-phase composition. This problem has been resolved by using inverse gradient compensation as is done for high pressure liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. CAD has been applied for the analysis of structurally diverse compounds used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and consumer products industries and in life science research. They include nonvolatile and semivolatile neutral, acidic, basic, and zwitterionic compounds, both polar and nonpolar (e.g. lipids, proteins, steroids, polymers, carbohydrates, peptides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vehovec
- Stability Testing Department, Krka d.d., Smarjeska cesta 6, 8501 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
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17
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Comparison of the sensitivity of evaporative universal detectors and LC/MS in the HILIC and the reversed-phase HPLC modes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:4133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Aerosol-based detectors for liquid chromatography: do they have a role in bioanalysis? Bioanalysis 2009; 1:1389-92. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Wang L, He WS, Yan HX, Jiang Y, Bi KS, Tu PF. Performance Evaluation of Charged Aerosol and Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for the Determination of Ginsenosides by LC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Reilly J, Everatt B, Aldcroft C. Implementation of Charged Aerosol Detection in Routine Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Methods. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802480081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Reilly
- a Novartis, NIBR Research Centre , Horsham, West Sussex, UK
| | - Brian Everatt
- a Novartis, NIBR Research Centre , Horsham, West Sussex, UK
| | - Clive Aldcroft
- a Novartis, NIBR Research Centre , Horsham, West Sussex, UK
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21
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Gambaro A, Zangrando R, Gabrielli P, Barbante C, Cescon P. Direct Determination of Levoglucosan at the Picogram per Milliliter Level in Antarctic Ice by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1649-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701655x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Paolo Cescon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, 30123 Venice, Italy, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental ProcessesCNR, 30123 Venice, Italy, and School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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22
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Sun P, Wang X, Alquier L, Maryanoff CA. Determination of relative response factors of impurities in paclitaxel with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet and charged aerosol detectors. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1177:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Determination of saccharides in atmospheric aerosol using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and pulsed-amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1171:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Inagaki S, Min JZ, Toyo'oka T. Direct detection method of oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:338-42. [PMID: 17236241 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid detection method of oligosaccharides using high-performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detection (HPLC-CAD) was studied. The direct detection of a sialylglycopeptide (SGP) derived from egg yolk was accomplished by HPLC-CAD using an amido-silica column, and its limit of detection was 0.40 pmol [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3]. The sensitivity of this method was lower than that of the fluorescence detection; however, the method showed approximately 5 times higher sensitivity than that using the conventional UV absorbance detection. Furthermore, this method was used for the analysis of the acid hydrolysis products of SGP. Monosialo- and asialo-oligosaccharides as well as free sialic acid were detected without using fluorescent derivatization. These results indicate that the present method is a new tool for the analysis of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inagaki
- Division of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Surugaku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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