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Zhu T, Tao C. Prediction models with multiple machine learning algorithms for POPs: The calculation of PDMS-air partition coefficient from molecular descriptor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127037. [PMID: 34530267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane-air partition coefficient (KPDMS-air) is a key parameter for passive sampling to measure POPs concentrations. In this study, 13 QSPR models were developed to predict KPDMS-air, with two descriptor selection methods (MLR and RF) and seven algorithms (MLR, LASSO, ANN, SVM, kNN, RF and GBDT). All models were based on a data set of 244 POPs from 13 different categories. The diverse model evaluation parameters calculated from training and test set were used for internal and external verification. Notably, the Radj2, QBOOT2 and Qext2 are 0.995, 0.980 and 0.951 respectively for GBDT model, showing remarkable superiority in fitting, robustness and predictability compared with other models. The discovery that molecular size, branches and types of the bonds were the main internal factors affecting the partition process was revealed by mechanism explanation. Different from the existing QSPR models based on single category compounds, the models developed herein considered multiple classes compounds, so that its application domain was more comprehensive. Therefore, the obtained models can fill the data gap of missing experimental KPDMS-air values for compounds in the application range, and help researchers better understand the distribution behavior of POPs from the perspective of molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cuicui Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Zhu T, Gu Y, Cheng H, Chen M. Versatile modelling of polyoxymethylene-water partition coefficients for hydrophobic organic contaminants using linear and nonlinear approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138881. [PMID: 32361362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental fate or transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) depends on the partitioning properties of compounds within various environmental phases. Due to the wide application of polyoxymethylene (POM) in the passive sampling technique, several in silico models were developed to predict POM-water partition coefficients (KPOM-w) in accordance with the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It is an attempt to combine conventional linear method (multiple linear regression, MLR) and popular nonlinear algorithm (artificial neural network, ANN) for estimating partition coefficients of HOCs. All models were performed on a dataset of 210 chemicals from 13 different classes. The polyparameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) model included 5 molecular descriptors, namely, E, S, A, B and V, and predicted log KPOM-w with R2adj of 0.825. The values of statistical parameters including R2adj, Q2ext, RMSEtra and RMSEext for quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR)-MLR and QSPR-ANN models with four descriptors (ALOGP, MeanDD, E1m and Mor24s) were: (0.928, 0.877, 0.498 and 0.649) and (0.943, 0.905, 0.443 and 0.571), with high similarity for both models, which confirmed the robustness, significance, and remarkable prediction accuracy of the QSPR models. Moreover, the mechanism interpretation revealed that the molecular volume and hydrophobicity had a major impact on distribution procedure of HOCs. The models developed herein, with the broad applicability domain (AD), provide suitable tools to fill the experimental data gap for untested chemicals and help researchers better understand the mechanistic basis of adsorption behavior of POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haomiao Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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3
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Ali I, Suhail M, Alothman ZA, Abdulrahman A, Aboul-Enein HY. Drug analyses in human plasma by chromatography. HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64066-6.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Salim F, Górecki T. Theory and modelling approaches to passive sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1618-1641. [PMID: 31528928 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Designs and applications of passive samplers for various environmental compartments have been broadened significantly since their introduction. Understanding the theory behind passive sampling is essential for proper development of sampling methods and for accurate interpretation of the results. Theoretical underpinnings of passive sampling have been explored using different approaches. The aim of this review is to describe passive sampling theory and modelling approaches presented in the literature in a manner that allows researchers to obtain comprehensive understanding of them and to recognize the assumptions behind each approach together with their applicability to a given passive sampling technique. A common approach originates from Whitman's two-film theory and produces an exponential model that describes the entire passive sampling process. This approach, however, is based on several assumptions including linear exchange kinetics between the sampled medium and the passive sampler. Two-phase air passive samplers with a well-defined barrier are commonly modeled based on the zero-sink assumption, which assumes efficient trapping of analytes in the receiving phase. This assumption may become invalid under various scenarios; consequently, other approaches to modelling have been introduced including simulation of the sampling process by approximate temporal-steady states in hypothetical segments in the adsorption phase. Another approach uses dynamic models to determine accumulation of analytes in passive samplers. Dynamic models are capable of describing mass accumulation in the passive sampler, its transient response, and its response to fluctuations in environmental concentrations. Finally, empirically calibrated models, attempting to simplify the process of passive sampling rate determination, are also presented. In general, dynamic models are used to establish a profound understanding of the sampling process and analyse the applicability of the simpler models and their assumptions, while the simplified models are desirable and practical for most users. Nonetheless, due to the advancement in the computational tools, application of the dynamic models could be made simple and user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Salim
- University of Waterloo, Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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5
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Taylor AC, Fones GR, Vrana B, Mills GA. Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:20-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1675043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Taylor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gary R. Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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6
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Valenzuela EF, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. New passive sampling device for effective monitoring of pesticides in water. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1054:26-37. [PMID: 30712591 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides promotes environmental contamination, mainly in surface and ground waters. However, they remain at very low concentration and present wide degradation level requiring the use of efficient devices for pesticides passive sampling. In this study, a new in situ passive sampling device was developed for monitoring and estimating time-weighted average (TWA) of pesticides in waters. The device was made with simple, recyclable and cheap materials. The sampling system involves the liquid phase microextraction technique with hollow fiber in two-phases mode. Pesticides determination was done by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The method was optimized and validated for the determination of 29 pesticides in water, showing good linearity in the range between 0.012 and 40.00 μg L-1 with determination coefficients of R2 > 0,9649. Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.009 to 0.557 μg L-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) from 0.012 to 0.802 μg L-1. The recoveries of spiked pesticides in water samples were in the range from 96 to 130%. The method was applied to forty environmental water samples collected at São Francisco river basin, Brazil. The highest detection frequency was found for the pesticides 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD and propazine. They were detected in more than 20 percent of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F Valenzuela
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Martin A, Margoum C, Jolivet A, Assoumani A, El Moujahid B, Randon J, Coquery M. Calibration of silicone rubber rods as passive samplers for pesticides at two different flow velocities: Modeling of sampling rates under water boundary layer and polymer control. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1208-1218. [PMID: 29193239 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to determine time-weighted average concentrations of polar contaminants such as pesticides by passive sampling in environmental waters. Calibration data for silicone rubber-based passive samplers are lacking for this class of compounds. The calibration data, sampling rate (Rs ), and partition coefficient between silicone rubber and water (Ksw ) were precisely determined for 23 pesticides and 13 candidate performance reference compounds (PRCs) in a laboratory calibration system over 14 d for 2 water flow velocities, 5 and 20 cm s-1 . The results showed that an in situ exposure duration of 7 d left a silicone rubber rod passive sampler configuration in the linear or curvilinear uptake period for 19 of the pesticides studied. A change in the transport mechanism from polymer control to water boundary layer control was observed for pesticides with a log Ksw of approximately 3.3. The PRC candidates were not fully relevant to correct the impact of water flow velocity on Rs . We therefore propose an alternative method based on an overall resistance to mass transfer model to adjust Rs from laboratory experiments to in situ hydrodynamic conditions. We estimated diffusion coefficients (Ds ) and thickness of water boundary layer (δw ) as adjustable model parameters. Log Ds values ranged from -12.13 to -10.07 m2 s-1 . The estimated δw value showed a power function correlation with water flow velocity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1208-1218. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Randon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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8
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Alam MN, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions. Anal Chem 2017; 90:302-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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9
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Xu J, Chen G, Huang S, Qiu J, Jiang R, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Application of in vivo solid-phase microextraction in environmental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Piri-Moghadam H, Ahmadi F, Pawliszyn J. A critical review of solid phase microextraction for analysis of water samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Alam MN, Pawliszyn J. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Calibrant-Loaded Extraction Phase Standardization Approach. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8632-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Poole C, Mester Z, Miró M, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Pawliszyn J. Extraction for analytical scale sample preparation (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approaches for sample preparation are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput and to minimize material and solvent use in laboratory methods and to develop on-site capabilities. In majority of cases the key step in sample preparation is extraction, typically used to separate and enrich compounds of interests from the matrix in the extraction phase. In this contribution, the topic of analytical scale extraction is put in perspective emphasising the fundamental aspects of the underlying processes discussing the similarities and differences between different approaches. Classification of extraction techniques according to the mass transfer principles is provided.
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13
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Vrana B, Komancová L, Sobotka J. Calibration of a passive sampler based on stir bar sorptive extraction for the monitoring of hydrophobic organic pollutants in water. Talanta 2016; 152:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Recent Developments and Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Food and Environmental Analysis—A Review. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Xu B, Chen M, Hou J, Chen X, Zhang X, Cui S. Calibration of pre-equilibrium HF-LPME and its application to the rapid determination of free analytes in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 980:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Analysis of Local Anesthetics in Biological Samples via Kinetically Calibrated Liquid-Phase Solvent Bar Micro-Extraction Combined with HPLC. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Assoumani A, Margoum C, Chataing S, Guillemain C, Coquery M. Use of passive stir bar sorptive extraction as a simple integrative sampling technique of pesticides in freshwaters: determination of sampling rates and lag-phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1333:1-8. [PMID: 24529405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Passive sampling represents a cost-effective approach and is more representative than grab sampling for the determination of contaminant concentrations in freshwaters. In this study, we performed the calibration of a promising tool, the passive stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), which has previously shown good performances for semi-quantitative monitoring of pesticides in a field study. We determined the sampling rates and lag-phases of 18 moderately hydrophobic to hydrophobic agricultural pesticides (2.18<log Kow<5.11) from different chemical classes including triazines, substituted ureas, triazoles and organophosphate compounds. We also realised an elimination experiment to identify a performance reference compound (PRC). A flow-through calibration experiment was realised for 7 days at constant concentrations of target pesticides in tap water, under controlled temperature (20 °C) and flow velocity (2.5 cm s(-1)). Sampling rates were between 1.3 and 121 mL d(-1) with satisfactory RSD for most pesticides (9-47%), and poor repeatability for 3 hydrophobic pesticides (59-83%). Lag-phases for all target pesticides were shorter than 2 h, demonstrating the efficiency of passive SBSE for the integration of transient concentration peaks of these contaminants in surface waters. The role of flow velocity on pesticide uptakes was investigated and we assumed a water boundary layer-controlled mass transfer for 5 pesticides with log Kow>3.3. Among these pesticides, we selected fenitrothion to evaluate its elimination, along with its deuterated analogue. Results showed 82% elimination of both compounds over the 7-day experiment and isotropic exchange for fenitrothion, making fenitrothion-d6 a promising PRC candidate for in situ applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azziz Assoumani
- Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Margoum
- Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Chataing
- Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Céline Guillemain
- Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Marina Coquery
- Irstea, UR MALY, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Cui X, Bao L, Gan J. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with stable isotope calibration for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9833-40. [PMID: 23930601 PMCID: PMC3923886 DOI: 10.1021/es4022987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a biomimetic tool ideally suited for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment and soil matrices. However, conventional SPME sampling requires the attainment of equilibrium between the fiber and sample matrix, which may take weeks or months, greatly limiting its applicability. In this study, we explored the preloading of polydimethylsiloxane fiber with stable isotope labeled analogs (SI-SPME) to circumvent the need for long sampling time, and evaluated the performance of SI-SPME against the conventional equilibrium SPME (Eq-SPME) using a range of sediments and conditions. Desorption of stable isotope-labeled analogs and absorption of PCB-52, PCB-153, bifenthrin and cis-permethrin were isotropic, validating the assumption for SI-SPME. Highly reproducible preloading was achieved using acetone-water (1:4, v/v) as the carrier. Compared to Eq-SPME that required weeks or even months, the fiber concentrations (Cf) under equilibrium could be reliably estimated by SI-SPME in 1 day under agitated conditions or 20 days under static conditions in spiked sediments. The Cf values predicted by SI-SPME were statistically identical to those determined by Eq-SPME. The SI-SPME method was further applied successfully to field sediments contaminated with PCB 52, PCB 153, and bifenthrin. The increasing availability of stable isotope labeled standards and mass spectrometry nowadays makes SI-SPME highly feasible, allowing the use of SPME under nonequilibrium conditions with much shorter or flexible sampling time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay Gan
- Corresponding author: Jay Gan, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A., Tel: 951-827-2712, Fax: 951-827-3993,
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19
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Seethapathy S, Górecki T. Applications of polydimethylsiloxane in analytical chemistry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:48-62. [PMID: 23062428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Seethapathy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Wang S, Oakes KD, Bragg LM, Pawliszyn J, Dixon G, Servos MR. Validation and use of in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) for the detection of emerging contaminants in fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1472-1480. [PMID: 21955351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of emerging chemicals of concern are released continuously to surface water through the municipal wastewater effluent discharges. The ability to rapidly determine bioaccumulation of these contaminants in exposed fish without sacrificing the animal (i.e. in vivo) would be of significant advantage to facilitate research, assessment and monitoring of their risk to the environment. In this study, an in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) approach was developed and applied to the measurement of a variety of emerging contaminants (carbamazepine, naproxen, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, bisphenol A, fluoxetine, ibuprofen and atrazine) in fish. Our results indicated in vivo SPME was a potential alternative extraction technique for quantitative determination of contaminants in lab exposures and as well after exposure to two municipal wastewater effluents (MWWE), with a major advantage over conventional techniques due to its ability to non-lethally sample tissues of living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Zhang X, Oakes KD, Luong D, Metcalfe CD, Pawliszyn J, Servos MR. Kinetically-Calibrated Solid-Phase Microextraction Using Label-Free Standards and Its Application for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2371-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chris D. Metcalfe
- Worsfold Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
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22
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St George T, Vlahos P, Harner T, Helm P, Wilford B. A rapidly equilibrating, thin film, passive water sampler for organic contaminants; characterization and field testing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:481-486. [PMID: 21093968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Improving methods for assessing the spatial and temporal resolution of organic compound concentrations in marine environments is important to the sustainable management of our coastal systems. Here we evaluate the use of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as a candidate polymer for thin-film passive sampling in waters of marine environments. Log K(EVA-W) partition coefficients correlate well (r(2) = 0.87) with Log K(OW) values for selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) where Log K(EVA-W) = 1.04 Log K(OW) + 0.22. EVA is a suitable polymer for passive sampling due to both its high affinity for organic compounds and its ease of coating at sub-micron film thicknesses on various substrates. Twelve-day field deployments were effective in detecting target compounds with good precision making EVA a potential multi-media fugacity meter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany St George
- Department of Marine Science, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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23
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DiFilippo EL, Eganhouse RP. Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:6917-6925. [PMID: 20726511 DOI: 10.1021/es101103x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has shown potential as an in situ passive-sampling technique in aquatic environments. The reliability of this method depends upon accurate determination of the partition coefficient between the fiber coating and water (K(f)). For some hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), K(f) values spanning 4 orders of magnitude have been reported for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and water. However, 24% of the published data examined in this review did not pass the criterion for negligible depletion, resulting in questionable K(f) values. The range in reported K(f) is reduced to just over 2 orders of magnitude for some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) when these questionable values are removed. Other factors that could account for the range in reported K(f), such as fiber-coating thickness and fiber manufacturer, were evaluated and found to be insignificant. In addition to accurate measurement of K(f), an understanding of the impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and ionic strength, on partitioning is essential for application of laboratory-measured K(f) values to field samples. To date, few studies have measured K(f) for HOCs at conditions other than at 20° or 25 °C in distilled water. The available data indicate measurable variations in K(f) at different temperatures and different ionic strengths. Therefore, if the appropriate environmental variables are not taken into account, significant error will be introduced into calculated aqueous concentrations using this passive sampling technique. A multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was developed to estimate log K(f) in distilled water at 25 °C based on published physicochemical parameters. This method provided a good correlation (R(2) = 0.94) between measured and predicted log K(f) values for several compound classes. Thus, an LSER approach may offer a reliable means of predicting log K(f) for HOCs whose experimental log K(f) values are presently unavailable. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of environmental variables on K(f). Obtaining the data needed for an LSER approach to estimate K(f) for all environmentally relevant HOCs would be beneficial to the application of SPME as a passive-sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L DiFilippo
- US Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA
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Qin Z, Mok S, Ouyang G, Dixon DG, Pawliszyn J. Partitioning and accumulation rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into polydimethylsiloxane thin films and black worms from aqueous samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 667:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prieto A, Basauri O, Rodil R, Usobiaga A, Fernández L, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O. Stir-bar sorptive extraction: A view on method optimisation, novel applications, limitations and potential solutions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2642-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Yeung JCY, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. Comparison and validation of calibration methods for in vivo SPME determinations using an artificial vein system. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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van Pinxteren (née Schellin) M, Paschke A, Popp P. Silicone rod and silicone tube sorptive extraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2589-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Es-haghi A, Cai J, Pawliszyn J. Simplified kinetic calibration of solid-phase microextraction for in vivo pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7664-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Llorca J, Gutiérrez C, Capilla E, Tortajada R, Sanjuán L, Fuentes A, Valor I. Constantly stirred sorbent and continuous flow integrative sampler. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5783-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ouyang G, Cui S, Qin Z, Pawliszyn J. One-Calibrant Kinetic Calibration for On-Site Water Sampling with Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5629-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900315w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufen Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipei Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. A critical review in calibration methods for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:184-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Comparison of thin-film microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples with controlled agitation conditions. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1196-1197:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Ouyang G, Cai J, Zhang X, Li H, Pawliszyn J. Standard-free kinetic calibration for rapid on-site analysis by solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1167-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Benhabib K, ter Laak TL, van Leeuwen HP. Steady-state diffusion regime in solid-phase microextraction kinetics. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Zhou SN, Zhao W, Pawliszyn J. Kinetic Calibration Using Dominant Pre-equilibrium Desorption for On-Site and in Vivo Sampling by Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2007; 80:481-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701871q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ningsun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Wennan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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36
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Wang X, Qiu C. Sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:191-219. [PMID: 17991475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A panorama of sample preparation methods has been composed from 481 references, with a highlight of some promising methods fast developed during recent years and a somewhat brief introduction on most of the well-developed methods. All the samples were commonly referred to molecular composition, being extendable to particles including cells but not to organs, tissues and larger bodies. Some criteria to evaluate or validate a sample preparation method were proposed for reference. Strategy for integration of several methods to prepare complicated protein samples for proteomic studies was illustrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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37
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Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. Configurations and calibration methods for passive sampling techniques. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1168:226-35; discussion 225. [PMID: 17449049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Passive sampling technology has developed very quickly in the past 15 years, and is widely used for the monitoring of pollutants in different environments. The design and quantification of passive sampling devices require an appropriate calibration method. Current calibration methods that exist for passive sampling, including equilibrium extraction, linear uptake, and kinetic calibration, are presented in this review. A number of state-of-the-art passive sampling devices that can be used for aqueous and air monitoring are introduced according to their calibration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Montes R, Rodríguez I, Rubí E, Bollaín MH, Cela R. Alternative sorptive extraction method for gas chromatography determination of halogenated anisoles in water and wine samples. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 599:84-91. [PMID: 17765067 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An alternative sorptive microextraction method for the determination of five halogenated anisoles in water and wine matrices is proposed. Analytes were concentrated in an inexpensive and disposable piece of bulk polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), desorbed with a small volume of organic solvent, and determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) or tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The influence of several factors on the efficiency of extraction and desorption steps was investigated in detail and the observed behaviour justified on the basis of thermodynamics and kinetics of the solid-phase microextraction technique. Under optimised conditions, analytes were first extracted in the headspace (HS) mode, at room temperature, for 2.5 h and then desorbed with 1 mL of n-pentane. This extract was further evaporated to 50 microL. The overall extraction yield of the procedure ranged from 40 to 55% and the limits of quantification remained between 0.5 and 20 ng L(-1), depending on the compound considered and the detection technique. Precision and linearity of the method were excellent for all species with both GC-ECD and GC-MS/MS detection. Matrix effects were evaluated with different water and wine samples; moreover, the suitability of the PDMS sorbent for storage of analytes, under different conditions, was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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39
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Ouyang G, Zhao W, Bragg L, Qin Z, Alaee M, Pawliszyn J. Time-weighted average water sampling in Lake Ontario with solid-phase microextraction passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:4026-31. [PMID: 17612185 DOI: 10.1021/es062647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three types of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) passive samplers, including a fiber-retracted device, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-rod and a PDMS-membrane, were evaluated to determine the time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Hamilton Harbor (the western tip of Lake Ontario, ON, Canada). Field trials demonstrated that these types of SPME samplers are suitable for the long-term monitoring of organic pollutants in water. These samplers possess all of the advantages of SPME: they are solvent-free, sampling, extraction and concentration are combined into one step, and they can be directly injected into a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis without further treatment. These samplers also address the additional needs of a passive sampling technique: they are economical, easy to deploy, and the TWA concentrations of target analytes can be obtained with one sampler. Moreover, the mass uptake of these samplers is independent of the face velocity, or the effect can be calibrated, which is desirable for long-term field sampling, especially when the convection conditions of the sampling environment are difficult to measure and calibrate. Among the three types of SPME samplers that were tested, the PDMS-membrane possesses the highest surface-to-volume ratio, which results in the highest sensitivity and mass uptake and the lowest detection level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Chin
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40
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Zhang X, Es-haghi A, Musteata FM, Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. Quantitative in vivo microsampling for pharmacokinetic studies based on an integrated solid-phase microextraction system. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4507-13. [PMID: 17508718 DOI: 10.1021/ac070177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An integrated microsampling approach based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed to provide a complete solution to highly efficient and accurate pharmacokinetic studies. The microsampling system included SPME probes that are made of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and C18-bonded silica, a fast and efficient sampling strategy with accurate kinetic calibration, and a high-throughput desorption device based on a modified 96-well plate. The sampling system greatly improved the quantitative capability of SPME in two ways. First, the use of the C18-bonded silica/PEG fibers minimized the competition effect from analogues of the target analytes in a complicated sample matrix such as blood or plasma samples, which is a common problem associated with solid coating SPME fibers for quantitative analysis. Moreover, the C18-bonded silica/PEG fibers provide high sensitivity and a large dynamic range that covers the possible sample concentration range during diazepam administration and elimination. Second, the kinetic calibration method offers more accurate quantitation than the calibration curve method for in vivo SPME, because it compensates for convection and matrix effects during sampling. Therefore, it is especially suitable as a fast sampling technique for pre-equilibrium SPME. Furthermore, with the high-throughput desorption device, the integrated system offers compactness and high efficiency. Its feasibility for in vivo sampling was demonstrated by monitoring diazepam pharmacokinetics and validated by conventional chemical assays and equilibrium SPME. In addition, we propose a simple method to determine the apparent distribution constant between an SPME fiber and a blood matix (Kfs) and the distribution constant between an SPME fiber and a pure PBS buffer sample matrix (Kfb). As a result, both total and free concentrations of the drug and its metabolites can be detected simultaneously. Accordingly, the binding constants to the blood matrix can be obtained, which are of special significance for clinical diagnosis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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41
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Montes R, Rodríguez I, Rubí E, Cela R. Suitability of polydimethylsiloxane rods for the headspace sorptive extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from water samples. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1143:41-7. [PMID: 17240387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of an inexpensive polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) sorbent, produced on an industrial scale, for the extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), from tetra- to hexabrominated congeners, from water samples was assessed. Experiments were carried out using samples spiked with a pentabromo diphenyl ether (pentaBDE) mixture, PDMS rods with a diameter of 2 mm and gas chromatography with micro-electron-capture detection (GC-micro-ECD). Influence of several variables on the efficiency of the enrichment step and the further desorption of the analytes was investigated in detail. The best performance was achieved in the headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) mode, at 95 degrees C, using 80 mL water samples containing a 30% of sodium chloride. Extractions were performed overnight using disposable PDMS rods with a length of 10 mm (31 microL volume). Analytes were further recovered from the PDMS sorbent using just 1 mL of diethyl ether. This solvent was evaporated and extracts reconstituted with 25 microL of isooctane. Under final working conditions absolute extraction efficiencies from 69 to 93% and enrichment factors higher than 2200 folds were achieved for all species. The proposed method provided acceptable precisions (relative standard deviations values under 12%), correlation coefficients higher than 0.998 and the yield of the HSSE process remained constant for different water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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42
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David F, Sandra P. Stir bar sorptive extraction for trace analysis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:54-69. [PMID: 17239895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was introduced in 1999 as a solventless sample preparation method for the extraction and enrichment of organic compounds from aqueous matrices. The method is based on sorptive extraction, whereby the solutes are extracted into a polymer coating on a magnetic stirring rod. The extraction is controlled by the partitioning coefficient of the solutes between the polymer coating and the sample matrix and by the phase ratio between the polymer coating and the sample volume. For a polydimethylsiloxane coating and aqueous samples, this partitioning coefficient resembles the octanol-water partitioning coefficient. In comparison to solid phase micro-extraction, a larger amount of sorptive extraction phase is used and consequently extremely high sensitivities can be obtained as illustrated by several successful applications in trace analysis in environmental, food and biomedical fields. Initially SBSE was mostly used for the extraction of compounds from aqueous matrices. The technique has also been applied in headspace mode for liquid and solid samples and in passive air sampling mode. In this review article, the principles of stir bar sorptive extraction are described and an overview of SBSE applications is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank David
- Research Institute for Chromatography, Pres. Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Ouyang G, Zhao W, Alaee M, Pawliszyn J. Time-weighted average water sampling with a diffusion-based solid-phase microextraction device. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1138:42-6. [PMID: 17113591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new diffusion-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) time-weighted average (TWA) field water sampling device was developed and investigated by field trial. The sampler is constructed with copper tube and caps and a commercial SPME fiber assembly. The device possesses all advantages of SPME; it is solvent-free, reusable, combines sampling, isolation and enrichment into one step, and the fiber can be directly injected into a gas chromatograph for analysis with a commercial SPME fiber holder, without further treatment. Field trials in Laurel Creek (Waterloo, Ont., Canada) and Hamilton Harbour (Hamilton, Ont., Canada) illustrated that the device is durable, easy to deploy, and the mass uptake of the device is independent of the face velocity. The device provides good precision [relative standard deviations (RSDs) are less than 20%] and the data obtained with this device are quite comparable to those obtained with the spot sampling method, which demonstrates that the newly developed SPME water sampling device is suitable for long-term monitoring of organic pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ont. N2L 3G1, Canada.
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44
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Zhao W, Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. Preparation and application of in-fibre internal standardization solid-phase microextraction. Analyst 2007; 132:256-61. [PMID: 17325759 DOI: 10.1039/b612604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in-fibre standardization method is a novel approach that has been developed for field sampling/sample preparation, in which an internal standard is pre-loaded onto a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre for calibration of the extraction of target analytes in field samples. The same method can also be used for in-vial sample analysis. In this study, different techniques to load the standard to a non-porous SPME fibre were investigated. It was found that the appropriateness of the technique depends on the physical properties of the standards that are used for the analysis. Headspace extraction of the standard dissolved in pumping oil works well for volatile compounds. Conversely, headspace extraction of the pure standard is an effective approach for semi-volatile compounds. For compounds with low volatility, a syringe-fibre transfer method and direct extraction of the standard dissolved in a solvent exhibited a good reproducibility (<5% RSD). The main advantage of the approaches investigated in this study is that the standard generation vials can be reused for hundreds of analyses without exhibiting significant loss. Moreover, most of the standard loading processes studied can be performed automatically, which is efficient and precise. Finally, the standard loading technique and in-fibre standardization method were applied to a complex matrix (milk) and the results illustrated that the matrix effect can be effectively compensated for with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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45
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Chapter 17 Passive sampling devices for measuring organic compounds in soils and sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)48017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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46
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Zhou SN, Zhang X, Ouyang G, Es-haghi A, Pawliszyn J. On-Fiber Standardization Technique for Solid-Coated Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ac061626w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ningsun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ali Es-haghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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