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Qian J, Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu J, Zhou L, Pu Q. Zwitterionic surfactant as an additive for efficient electrophoretic separation of easily absorbed rhodamine dyes on plastic microchips. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463716. [PMID: 36565653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plastic microchips possess the advantages of easy fabrication and low-cost, but their surface properties are frequently incompatible with electrophoretic separation without proper surface modification. Meanwhile, the separation microchannels on typical microchips are usually only a few centimeters long, the pressurized flow may significantly affect the electrophoretic separation if their inner diameters (id) are relatively larger (approximately > 50 μm), viscous separation medium is therefore required for efficient separation. Herein, a zwitterionic surfactant, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane sulfonate (HDAPS), was used as a multifunctional additive to inhibit the analyte adsorption, improve the surface status, control Joule heating and modulate the resolution on cyclic olefin copolymer microchips with 80 μm id, 5 cm long separation microchannels, eliminating the necessity of viscous polymeric additives. The effectiveness of HDAPS was compared with an ionic polymeric additive, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride). The streaming potential and electroosmotic flow measurements indicated an effective inhibition of the adsorption of rhodamine B and a stable negative surface charge with zwitterionic HDAPS. Using 15 mmol/L HDAPS, 40% (v/v) methanol, and 10 mmol/L boric acid (pH 3.2) as the running buffer, rapid separation of four rhodamines was achieved within 90 s under a separation electric field of 520 V/cm. The theoretical plate numbers were in a range of 5.0×105-6.9×105/m. The relative standard deviations were no more than 0.9% for retention time and 1.5% for peak area. The proposed system was verified by the determination of rhodamines in eyeshadow and wolfberry, with standard recoveries in a range of 98.2%-101.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Zeid AM, Kaji N, Nasr JJM, Belal F, Walash MI, Baba Y. Determination of baclofen and vigabatrin by microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection: application of field-enhanced sample stacking and dynamic pH junction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel microchip gel electrophoretic method for the assay of baclofen and vigabatrin for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. Zeid
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Jenny Jeehan M. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Walash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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3
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Masár M, Kruk P, Luc M, Bodor R, Danč L, Troška P. CZE study on adsorption processes of aliphatic and aromatic amines on PMMA chip. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:432-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kruk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Milan Luc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Róbert Bodor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Danč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Peter Troška
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava; Slovakia
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Tanaka Y, Naruishi N. Development of an on-site measurement system for salivary stress-related substances based on microchip CE. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 919:57-66. [PMID: 22976090 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-029-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva has been suggested to be a potential marker of chronic, long-term stress due to suppression of the immune system. A rapid point-of-care testing platform for stress measurement based on immunoassay and capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation was -developed using a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chip and a laboratory-built microchip CE system. A method for the quantitative determination of sIgA in human saliva is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Tanaka
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan.
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Azadi G, Tripathi A. Surfactant-induced electroosmotic flow in microfluidic capillaries. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2094-101. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Ding H, Wu J, Wang L, Zhou L, Pu Q. The use of ethylene glycol solution as the running buffer for highly efficient microchip-based electrophoresis in unmodified cyclic olefin copolymer microchips. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9422-7. [PMID: 22099226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An ethylene glycol solution was used as the electrophoretic running buffer in unmodified cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchips to minimize the interactions between the analytes and the hydrophobic walls of the plastic microchannels, enhance the resolution of the analytes and eliminate the uncontrollable dispersion caused by uneven liquid levels and non-uniform surfaces of the separation channels. Five amino acids that were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were used as model analytes to examine the separation efficiency. The effects of ethylene glycol concentration, pH and sodium tetraborate concentration were systematically investigated. The five FITC-labeled amino acids were effectively resolved using a COC microchip with an effective length of 2.5 cm under optimum conditions, which included using a running buffer of 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate in ethylene glycol:water (80:20, v/v), pH 6.7. A theoretical plate number of 4.8 × 10(5)/m was obtained for aspartic acid. The system exhibited good repeatability, and the relative standard deviations (n=5) of the peak areas and migration times were no more than 3.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the system was successfully applied to elucidate these five amino acids in human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization, Gansu Province, Sate Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Southern Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Salim M, McArthur SL, Vaidyanathan S, Wright PC. Towards proteomics-on-chip: The role of the surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:101-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c005236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Liu J, Chen CF, Yang S, Chang CC, Devoe DL. Mixed-mode electrokinetic and chromatographic peptide separations in a microvalve-integrated polymer chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2122-2129. [PMID: 20556309 DOI: 10.1039/c003505j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A cycloolefin polymer chip supporting the concatenation of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is demonstrated for high throughput two dimensional peptide separations. A unique benefit of the mixed-mode platform is the ability of IEF to act as a highly concentrating electrokinetic separation mode for effective isolation of sample components prior to RPLC. The thermoplastic chip contains integrated high pressure microvalves, enabling uniform sample transfer from the IEF channel to multiple parallel RPLC channels, gradient elution from each RPLC column, and hydrodynamic isolation between the separation dimensions. The reusable system is shown to provide efficient 2-D separations together with facile interfacing with MALDI-MS, suggesting a new path towards effective peptide analysis from complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Phillips KS, Kang KM, Licata L, Allbritton NL. Air-stable supported membranes for single-cell cytometry on PDMS microchips. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:864-70. [PMID: 20300673 PMCID: PMC2992470 DOI: 10.1039/b921817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein-reinforced supported bilayer membranes (rSBMs) composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), biotin-PE and Neutravidin were used to coat hybrid microchips composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass. Since the coatings required a freshly oxidized, hydrophilic substrate, a novel method to rapidly connect reservoirs using plasma oxidation was first developed and found to support up to 5.2 N cm(-2) (1.5 N) pull-off force. rSBMs were then assembled in the oxidized hydrophilic channels. The electroosmotic mobility (mu(eo)) of rSBM-coated channels was measured over a 3 h time to evaluate the stability of the coatings for microchip electrophoresis. rSBM-coated microchips with a simple cross-design had excellent properties for microchip separations, yielding efficiencies of up to 700,000 plates m(-1) for fluorescent dyes and peptides. The separation performance of rSBM and PC-coated channels was evaluated after repeatedly drying and rehydrating the channels. The separation efficiency of fluorescein on PC-coated devices decreased by 40% after one dehydration cycle and nearly 75% after 3 cycles. In contrast for rSBM-coated devices there was no significant change in the fluorescein efficiency until the third cycle (10% decreased efficiency). rSBM-coated channels were also markedly more stable when placed in a dehydrated state during long-term storage compared to PC-coated channels, and showed reduced chip failure and no reduction in performance for up to one month of dehydrated storage. Finally, rSBM-coated devices were used to perform single-cell cytometry. Microchips that had been dehydrated, stored two weeks, and rehydrated prior to use demonstrated similar performance to newly coated devices for the separation of fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein from single cells. Thus rSBM-coated devices were rugged withstanding electric fields, prolonged storage under dehydrated conditions, and biofouling by cellular constituents while maintaining excellent separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Scott Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Kyung Mo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Louise Licata
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA ; Fax:1-919-843-7825
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Yang W, Sun X, Pan T, Woolley AT. Affinity monolith preconcentrators for polymer microchip capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3429-35. [PMID: 18702050 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Developments in biology are increasing demands for rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive biomolecular analysis. In this study, polymer microdevices with monolithic columns and electrophoretic channels were used for biological separations. Glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate monolithic columns were formed within poly(methyl methacrylate) microchannels by in situ photopolymerization. Flow experiments in these columns demonstrated retention and then elution of amino acids under conditions optimized for sample preconcentration. To enhance analyte selectivity, antibodies were immobilized on monoliths, and subsequent lysozyme treatment blocked nonspecific adsorption. The enrichment capability and selectivity of these affinity monoliths were evaluated by purifying fluorescently tagged amino acids from a mixture containing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Twenty-fold enrichment and 91% recovery were achieved for the labeled amino acids, with a >25 000-fold reduction in GFP concentration, as indicated by microchip electrophoresis analysis. These devices should provide a simple, inexpensive, and effective platform for trace analysis in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Peng Y, Pallandre A, Tran NT, Taverna M. Recent innovations in protein separation on microchips by electrophoretic methods. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:157-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nikcevic I, Lee SH, Piruska A, Ahn CH, Ridgway TH, Limbach PA, Wehmeyer KR, Heineman WR, Seliskar CJ. Characterization and performance of injection molded poly(methylmethacrylate) microchips for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:444-53. [PMID: 17477932 PMCID: PMC2716998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Injection molded poly(methylmethacrylate) (IM-PMMA), chips were evaluated as potential candidates for capillary electrophoresis disposable chip applications. Mass production and usage of plastic microchips depends on chip-to-chip reproducibility and on analysis accuracy. Several important properties of IM-PMMA chips were considered: fabrication quality evaluated by environmental scanning electron microscope imaging, surface quality measurements, selected thermal/electrical properties as indicated by measurement of the current versus applied voltage (I-V) characteristic and the influence of channel surface treatments. Electroosmotic flow was also evaluated for untreated and O2 reactive ion etching (RIE) treated surface microchips. The performance characteristics of single lane plastic microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) separations were evaluated using a mixture of two dyes-fluorescein (FL) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). To overcome non-wettability of the native IM-PMMA surface, a modifier, polyethylene oxide was added to the buffer as a dynamic coating. Chip performance reproducibility was studied for chips with and without surface modification via the process of RIE with O2 and by varying the hole position for the reservoir in the cover plate or on the pattern side of the chip. Additionally, the importance of reconditioning steps to achieve optimal performance reproducibility was also examined. It was found that more reproducible quantitative results were obtained when normalized values of migration time, peak area and peak height of FL and FITC were used instead of actual measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Nikcevic
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Se Hwan Lee
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, 814 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0030, USA
| | - Aigars Piruska
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Chong H. Ahn
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, 814 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0030, USA
| | - Thomas H. Ridgway
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Patrick A. Limbach
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - K. R. Wehmeyer
- Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road., Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - William R. Heineman
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
- Corresponding authors: Phone: 1-513-556-9210, Fax: 1-513-556-9239, . Phone: 1-513-556-9213, Fax: 1-513-556-9239,
| | - Carl J. Seliskar
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
- Corresponding authors: Phone: 1-513-556-9210, Fax: 1-513-556-9239, . Phone: 1-513-556-9213, Fax: 1-513-556-9239,
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Wang AJ, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Enhanced Microchip Electrophoresis of Neurotransmitters on Glucose Oxidase Modified Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Devices. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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