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Šesták J, Moravcová D, Křenková J, Planeta J, Roth M, Foret F. Bridged polysilsesquioxane-based wide-bore monolithic capillary columns for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1479:204-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Astefanei A, Dapic I, Camenzuli M. Different Stationary Phase Selectivities and Morphologies for Intact Protein Separations. Chromatographia 2016; 80:665-687. [PMID: 28529348 PMCID: PMC5413533 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of biology proposed that one gene encodes for one protein. We now know that this does not reflect reality. The human body has approximately 20,000 protein-encoding genes; each of these genes can encode more than one protein. Proteins expressed from a single gene can vary in terms of their post-translational modifications, which often regulate their function within the body. Understanding the proteins within our bodies is a key step in understanding the cause, and perhaps the solution, to disease. This is one of the application areas of proteomics, which is defined as the study of all proteins expressed within an organism at a given point in time. The human proteome is incredibly complex. The complexity of biological samples requires a combination of technologies to achieve high resolution and high sensitivity analysis. Despite the significant advances in mass spectrometry, separation techniques are still essential in this field. Liquid chromatography is an indispensable tool by which low-abundant proteins in complex samples can be enriched and separated. However, advances in chromatography are not as readily adapted in proteomics compared to advances in mass spectrometry. Biologists in this field still favour reversed-phase chromatography with fully porous particles. The purpose of this review is to highlight alternative selectivities and stationary phase morphologies that show potential for application in top-down proteomics; the study of intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Astefanei
- Centre for Analytical Science in Amsterdam (CASA), Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I. Dapic
- Centre for Analytical Science in Amsterdam (CASA), Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Camenzuli
- Centre for Analytical Science in Amsterdam (CASA), Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Lin H, Chen L, Ou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Dong J, Zou H. Preparation of well-controlled three-dimensional skeletal hybrid monoliths via thiol–epoxy click polymerization for highly efficient separation of small molecules in capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1416:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Ou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Lin H, Dong J, Zou H. Recent development of hybrid organic-silica monolithic columns in CEC and capillary LC. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:62-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
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Koeck R, Bakry R, Tessadri R, Bonn GK. Monolithic poly(N-vinylcarbazole-co-1,4-divinylbenzene) capillary columns for the separation of biomolecules. Analyst 2013; 138:5089-98. [PMID: 23799449 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic capillary columns were prepared by thermally initiated free radical copolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) within the confines of 200 and 100 μm i.d. fused silica capillaries. The reaction was carried out under the influence of inert micro-(toluene) and macroporogen (1-decanol) and α,α'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. The material proved high mechanical stability applying water and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The morphological and porous properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption (BET) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The homogeneity of the copolymerization process was confirmed by elemental analysis and monomer conversion measurements. The newly developed NVC/DVB monolithic supports showed high separation efficiency towards biomolecules, applying reversed-phase (RP) and ion-pair reversed-phase (IP-RP) separation modes, which is exemplified by the separations of peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides. Furthermore the maximum loading capacity was evaluated. The chromatographic performance under isocratic elution was determined in terms of theoretical plate number and plate height, where up to 41,000 plates per column and a minimum plate height value of 1.7 μm were achieved, applying oligonucleotide separations. In gradient elution mode, peak capacities of 96 and 127 were achieved within a gradient time window of 60 min for protein and oligonucleotide separations, respectively. The material proved to have high permeability, good repeatability of the fabrication process and high surface areas in the range of 120-160 m(2) g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Koeck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ou J, Lin H, Zhang Z, Huang G, Dong J, Zou H. Recent advances in preparation and application of hybrid organic-silica monolithic capillary columns. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:126-40. [PMID: 23161325 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-silica monolithic columns, regarded as a second generation of silica-based monoliths, have received much interest due to their unique properties over the pure silica-based monoliths. This review mainly focuses on development in the fields of preparation of hybrid monolithic columns in a capillary and their application for CEC and capillary liquid chromatography separation, as well as for sample pretreatment of solid-phase microextraction and immobilized enzyme reactor since July 2010. The preparation approaches are comprehensively summarized with three routes: (i) general sol-gel process using trialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes as coprecursors; (ii) "one-pot" process of alkoxysilanes and organic monomers concomitantly proceeding sol-gel chemistry and free radical polymerization; and (iii) other polymerization approaches of organic monomers containing silanes. The modification of hybrid monoliths containing reactive groups to acquire the desired surface functionality is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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7
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Anderson EB, Buchmeiser MR. Catalysts Immobilized on Organic Polymeric Monolithic Supports: From Molecular Heterogeneous Catalysis to Biocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Buchmeiser MR. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Derived Materials for Separation Science, Heterogeneous Catalysis and Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Weichelt F, Lenz S, Tiede S, Reinhardt I, Frerich B, Buchmeiser MR. ROMP-Derived cyclooctene-based monolithic polymeric materials reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles for applications in tissue engineering. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:1199-205. [PMID: 21283558 PMCID: PMC3028601 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous monolithic inorganic/polymeric hybrid materials have been prepared via ring-opening metathesis copolymerization starting from a highly polar monomer, i.e., cis-5-cyclooctene-trans-1,2-diol and a 7-oxanorborn-2-ene-derived cross-linker in the presence of porogenic solvents and two types of inorganic nanoparticles (i.e., CaCO₃ and calcium hydroxyapatite, respectively) using the third-generation Grubbs initiator RuCl₂(Py)₂(IMesH₂)(CHPh). The physico-chemical properties of the monolithic materials, such as pore size distribution and microhardness were studied with regard to the nanoparticle type and content. Moreover, the reinforced monoliths were tested for the possible use as scaffold materials in tissue engineering, by carrying out cell cultivation experiments with human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Weichelt
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e. V. (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Solvig Lenz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universität Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tiede
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universität Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingrid Reinhardt
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e. V. (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Frerich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universität Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institut für Polymerchemie, Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Textilchemie und Chemiefasern, Körschtalstrasse 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
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Beckert S, Stallmach F, Bandari R, Buchmeiser MR. Self-Diffusion of Polystyrene Solutions in Porous Acrylate-Based Monoliths Studied by 1H PFG NMR. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Beckert
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Stallmach
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rajendar Bandari
- Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Löber A, Scheibitz B, Frerich B, Buchmeiser MR. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Derived Monolithic Materials: Novel Syntheses and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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13
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Bandari R, Höche T, Prager A, Dirnberger K, Buchmeiser M. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based Pore-Size-Selective Functionalization of Glycidyl Methacrylate Based Monolithic Media: Access to Size-Stable Nanoparticles for Ligand-Free Metal Catalysis. Chemistry 2010; 16:4650-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Svec F. Porous polymer monoliths: amazingly wide variety of techniques enabling their preparation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:902-24. [PMID: 19828151 PMCID: PMC2829304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The porous polymer monoliths went a long way since their invention two decades ago. While the first studies applied the traditional polymerization processes at that time well established for the preparation of polymer particles, creativity of scientists interested in the monolithic structures has later led to the use of numerous less common techniques. This review article presents vast variety of methods that have meanwhile emerged. The text first briefly describes the early approaches used for the preparation of monoliths comprising standard free radical polymerizations and includes their development up to present days. Specific attention is paid to the effects of process variables on the formation of both porous structure and pore surface chemistry. Specific attention is also devoted to the use of photopolymerization. Then, several less common free radical polymerization techniques are presented in more detail such as those initiated by gamma-rays and electron beam, the preparation of monoliths from high internal phase emulsions, and cryogels. Living processes including stable free radicals, atom transfer radical polymerization, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization are also discussed. The review ends with description of preparation methods based on polycondensation and polyaddition reactions as well as on precipitation of preformed polymers affording the monolithic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720-8139, USA.
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15
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Nischang I, Svec F, Fréchet JM. Downscaling limits and confinement effects in the miniaturization of porous polymer monoliths in narrow bore capillaries. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7390-6. [PMID: 19642657 PMCID: PMC2773294 DOI: 10.1021/ac901162x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) columns have been prepared in capillaries ranging in inner diameter from 5 to 75 microm using thermally initiated free-radical polymerization of a mixture of butyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, and porogens at different temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy and the measurement of hydrodynamic properties reveal that the downward scalability of the monolithic columns is greatly affected by the confinement effect of the capillary wall resulting from the decreased volume-to-surface ratio as the capillary diameter is decreased. The downscaling process is affected most by the polymerization temperature, the diffusion of the propagating radicals, and the density of coverage of polymerizable groups on the inner walls of the capillary. Optimization of all these factors enables the preparation of monolithic structures in capillaries with inner diameters as low as 5 microm while retaining the desirable properties of monoliths prepared in much larger capillaries. Under these conditions, formation of undesired dense polymer layers attached to the capillary wall was minimized. The chromatographic performance of 10, 25, and 50 microm capillaries evaluated in the reversed phase gradient separation of three proteins showed no change in elution times at identical flow velocities and gradient times, while peak elution width was the smallest with the narrowest capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Nischang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jean M.J. Fréchet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Eeltink S, Dolman S, Detobel F, Desmet G, Swart R, Ursem M. 1 mm ID poly(styrene-co
-divinylbenzene) monolithic columns for high-peak capacity one- and two-dimensional liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2504-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Buchmeiser MR. Monolithic biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Scheibitz B, Prager A, Buchmeiser MR. Schrock Catalyst Triggered, Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Based Synthesis of Functional Monolithic Materials. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9001963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Scheibitz
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany, and Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Prager
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany, and Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany, and Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Schlemmer B, Bandari R, Rosenkranz L, Buchmeiser MR. Electron beam triggered, free radical polymerization-derived monolithic capillary columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2664-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Gatschelhofer C, Mautner A, Reiter F, Pieber TR, Buchmeiser MR, Sinner FM. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization for the preparation of norbornene-based weak cation-exchange monolithic capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2651-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Buchmeiser MR. Stationary phases for chromatography prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1907-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Comparative study on the separation behavior of monolithic columns prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization and via electron beam irradiation triggered free radical polymerization for proteins. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:268-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Wu R, Hu L, Wang F, Ye M, Zou H. Recent development of monolithic stationary phases with emphasis on microscale chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:369-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bandari R, Elsner C, Knolle W, Kühnel C, Decker U, Buchmeiser MR. Separation behavior of electron-beam curing derived, acrylate-based monoliths. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2821-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sedláková P, Miksik I, Gatschelhofer C, Sinner FM, Buchmeiser MR. Voltage-assisted capillary LC of peptides using monolithic capillary columns prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2219-22. [PMID: 17607810 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the use of monolithic capillary columns prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for peptide separation in voltage-assisted capillary LC (voltage-assisted CLC). In order to demonstrate their potential for peptide separation, ROMP-derived monoliths with RP properties were prepared. The preparation procedure of monoliths was transferred from ROMP monoliths optimized for CLC. ROMP monoliths were synthesized within the confines of 200 microm id fused-silica capillaries with a length of 37 cm. After optimization of the chromatographic conditions, the separation performance was tested using a well-defined set of artificial peptides as well as two peptidic mixtures resulting from a tryptic digest of BSA as well as a collagenase digest of collagen. ROMP monoliths showed comparable performance to other monolithic separation media in voltage-assisted CLC published so far. Therefore, we conclude that by optimizing the composition of the ROMP monoliths as well as by using the controlled manner of their functionalization, ROMP monoliths bear a great potential in CLC and CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Sedláková
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Eder K, Huber CG, Buchmeiser MR. Surface-Functionalized, Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Derived Monoliths for Anion-Exchange Chromatography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Bandari R, Knolle W, Buchmeiser MR. Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Electron-Beam Curing-Derived Monolithic Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200750813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Bandari R, Knolle W, Prager-Duschke A, Gläsel HJ, Buchmeiser MR. Monolithic Media Prepared Via Electron Beam Curing for Proteins Separation and Flow-Through Catalysis. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Zhu G, Zhang L, Yuan H, Liang Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Recent development of monolithic materials as matrices in microcolumn separation systems. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:792-803. [PMID: 17536723 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of monolithic materials, including both organic and inorganic polymers, according mainly to the papers published in the past two years. Due to their good permeability, fast mass transfer, high stability, and their ease of modification, such materials have been widely used in microcolumn separation systems, not only as stationary phases for CEC and capillary HPLC, but also as substances for sample concentration and enzyme reactor. All the research results demonstrate that monolithic materials in microseparation systems can be expected to play an increasingly important role in the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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