1
|
Jia X, Yang X, Luo G, Liang Q. Recent progress of microfluidic technology for pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114534. [PMID: 34929566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the progress of microfluidic technology has provided new tools for pharmaceutical analysis and the proposal of pharm-lab-on-a-chip is appealing for its great potential to integrate pharmaceutical test and pharmacological test in a single chip system. Here, we summarize and highlight recent advances of chip-based principles, techniques and devices for pharmaceutical test and pharmacological/toxicological test focusing on the separation and analysis of drug molecules on a chip and the construction of pharmacological models on a chip as well as their demonstrative applications in quality control, drug screening and precision medicine. The trend and challenge of microfluidic technology for pharmaceutical analysis are also discussed and prospected. We hope this review would update the insight and development of pharm-lab-on-a-chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Jia
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sebhaoui J, El Bakri Y, Essassi EM, Mague JT. (4 Z)-1-Dodecyl-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one. IUCRDATA 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314616016965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C24H36N2O2, the orientation of the 2-oxopropylidene substituent is determined by the formation of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. The benzodiazepine seven-membered ring adopts a slightly twisted boat conformation. The molecules pack in a bilayer fashion with the dodecyl chains intercalated to form the inner portion, and the benzodiazepine moieties on the outer surfaces.
Collapse
|
3
|
Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS)-UHPLC-UV: A simple and efficient method for the determination of five benzodiazepines in an alcoholic beverage. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Dietze C, Hackl C, Gerhardt R, Seim S, Belder D. Chip-based electrochromatography coupled to ESI-MS detection. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1345-52. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dietze
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Claudia Hackl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Renata Gerhardt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Stephan Seim
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Famiglini G, Termopoli V, Palma P, Cappiello A. Liquid chromatography-electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry with the Direct-EI interface in the fast determination of diazepam and flunitrazepam in alcoholic beverages. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1048-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Famiglini
- Department SPeA, LC-MS Laboratory; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino Italy
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- Department SPeA, LC-MS Laboratory; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino Italy
| | - Pierangela Palma
- Department SPeA, LC-MS Laboratory; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino Italy
| | - Achille Cappiello
- Department SPeA, LC-MS Laboratory; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doctor EL, McCord B. The application of supported liquid extraction in the analysis of benzodiazepines using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2015; 144:938-43. [PMID: 26452911 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are among the most frequently prescribed medicines for anxiety disorders and are present in many toxicological screens. These drugs are often administered in the commission of drug facilitated sexual assaults due their effects on the central nervous system. Due to the potency of the drugs, only small amounts are usually given to victims; therefore, the target detection limit for these compounds in biological samples has been set at 50 ng/mL. Currently the standard screening method for detection of this class of drug is the immunoassay; however, screening methods that are more sensitive and selective than immunoassays are needed to encompass the wide range of structural variants of this class of compounds. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be highly sensitive and has been shown to permit analysis of various benzodiazepines with limits of detection as low as 6 ng/mL. This technique permits analytical results in less than 2 min when used on pure drug samples. For biological samples, a key issue for analysis by SERS is removal of exogenous salts and matrix components. In this paper we examine supported liquid extraction as a useful preparation technique for SERS detection. Supported liquid extraction has many of the benefits of liquid-liquid extraction along with the ability to be automated. This technique provides a fast and clean extraction for benzodiazepines from urine at a pH of 5.0, and does not produce large quantities of solvent waste. To validate this procedure we have determined figures of merit and examined simulated urine samples prepared with commonly appearing interferences. It was shown that at a pH 5.0 many drugs that are prevalent in urine samples can be removed, permitting a selective detection of the benzodiazepine of interest. This technique has been shown to provide rapid (less than 20 min), sensitive, and specific detection of benzodiazepines with limits of detection between 32 and 600 ng/mL and dynamic range of 32-25,000 ng/mL. It provides the forensic community with a sensitive and specific screening technique for the detection of benzodiazepines in drug facilitated assault cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Doctor
- Department of Chemistry and biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street CP304, Miami, FL 33183, United States.
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street CP304, Miami, FL 33183, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Posch TN, Pütz M, Martin N, Huhn C. Electromigrative separation techniques in forensic science: combining selectivity, sensitivity, and robustness. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:23-58. [PMID: 25381613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review we introduce the advantages and limitations of electromigrative separation techniques in forensic toxicology. We thus present a summary of illustrative studies and our own experience in the field together with established methods from the German Federal Criminal Police Office rather than a complete survey. We focus on the analytical aspects of analytes' physicochemical characteristics (e.g. polarity, stereoisomers) and analytical challenges including matrix tolerance, separation from compounds present in large excess, sample volumes, and orthogonality. For these aspects we want to reveal the specific advantages over more traditional methods. Both detailed studies and profiling and screening studies are taken into account. Care was taken to nearly exclusively document well-validated methods outstanding for the analytical challenge discussed. Special attention was paid to aspects exclusive to electromigrative separation techniques, including the use of the mobility axis, the potential for on-site instrumentation, and the capillary format for immunoassays. The review concludes with an introductory guide to method development for different separation modes, presenting typical buffer systems as starting points for different analyte classes. The objective of this review is to provide an orientation for users in separation science considering using capillary electrophoresis in their laboratory in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjorben Nils Posch
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics ZEA-3, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lloyd A, Russell M, Blanes L, Somerville R, Doble P, Roux C. The application of portable microchip electrophoresis for the screening and comparative analysis of synthetic cathinone seizures. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 242:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
An YS, Li XQ, An XR, Wang LZ. FeCl3–SiO2 promoted one-pot, three-component synthesis of novel 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Sáiz J, Ortega-Ojeda F, López-Melero L, Montalvo G, García-Ruiz C. Electrophoretic fingerprinting of benzodiazepine tablets in spike drinks. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3250-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Ortega-Ojeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Lucía López-Melero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Gema Montalvo
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liao HW, Chen GY, Tsai IL, Kuo CH. Using a postcolumn-infused internal standard for correcting the matrix effects of urine specimens in liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1327:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
12
|
Honeychurch KC, Crew A, Northall H, Radbourne S, Davies O, Newman S, Hart JP. The redox behaviour of diazepam (Valium®) using a disposable screen-printed sensor and its determination in drinks using a novel adsorptive stripping voltammetric assay. Talanta 2013; 116:300-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Al-Hetlani E. Forensic drug analysis and microfluidics. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1262-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Al-Hetlani
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Kuwait University; Safat; Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Poly (acrylic acid) microchannel modification for the enhanced resolution of catecholamines microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 724:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Huang JL, Li FA, Her GR. A comparative study of interfaces for microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using the surfactant ammonium dodecyl sulfate. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3385-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
Huang B, Huang C, Liu P, Wang F, Na N, Ouyang J. Fast haptoglobin phenotyping based on microchip electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 85:333-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
17
|
Acikkol M, Mercan S, Karadayi S. Simultaneous Determination of Benzodiazepines and Ketamine from Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Beverages by GC-MS in Drug Facilitated Crimes. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Brettell
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196
| | - J. M. Butler
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8312
| | - J. R. Almirall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
This review highlights the methodological and instrumental developments in microchip micellar EKC (MCMEKC) from 1995. The combination of higher separation efficiencies in micellar EKC (MEKC) with high-speed separation in microchip electrophoresis (MCE) should provide high-throughput and high-performance analytical systems. The chip-based separation technique has received considerable attention due to its integration ability without any connector. This advantage allows the development of a multidimensional separation system. Several types of 2-D separation microchips are described in the review. Since complicated channel configurations can easily be fabricated on planar substrates, various sample manipulations can be carried out prior to MCMEKC separations. For example, mixing for on-chip reactions, on-line sample preconcentration, on-chip assay, etc., have been integrated on MEKC microchips. The application of on-line sample preconcentration to MCMEKC can provide not only sensitivity enhancement but also the elucidation of the preconcentration mechanism due to the visualization ability of MCE. The characteristics of these sample manipulations on MEKC microchips are presented in this review. The scope of applications in MCMEKC covers mainly biogenic compounds such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, biogenic amines, DNA, and oestrogens. This review provides a comprehensive table listing the applications in MCMEKC in relation to detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|