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Ding J, Li C, Wang G, Yang Y, Li J. Cancer-Related Therapeutic Potential of Epimedium and Its Extracts. Nutr Cancer 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39066475 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2383336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium is a Chinese herb known as "yin and yang fire," first mentioned in the Compendium of Materia Medica. Many of the proprietary Chinese medicines used in clinical practice contain Epimedium as an ingredient, and its main active constituents include icariin, icaritin, and icariside II, among others. In addition to its traditional use in treating fatigue and sexual problems, modern research has confirmed that the main bioactive compounds in Epimedium have pharmacological effects such as antidepressant, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as inhibiting bone destruction, promoting bone growth, improving immune regulation and protecting the cardio-cerebral vascular system. With the continuous development of extraction and purification techniques, the development and use of bioactive compounds in Epimedium have significantly progressed, and the anticancer effect has received widespread attention. Since natural herbs have few side effects on the human body and do not easily develop drug resistance, they have long been the direction of research in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the latest research on the anticancer effects of Epimedium and its extracts, describes the bioactive compounds, pharmacological efficacy, and antitumor mechanism of Epimedium, and gives a new view on the administration and development of Epimedium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changcheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guanzheng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Becker L, Boyer I, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Fiume M, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Hops as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:5S-29S. [PMID: 38126727 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231221796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Extract (reported functions include antimicrobial agent and hair conditioning agent) and Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Oil (reported function is fragrance). The Panel reviewed the relevant data related to these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. For these ingredients, the Panel was concerned about the presence of 8-prenylnaringenin, β-myrcene, and quercetin in cosmetics, which could result in estrogenic effects, dermal irritation, and genotoxicity, respectively. Industry should use current good manufacturing practices to limit impurities and constituents of concern. The Panel concluded that Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Extract and Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Oil are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-sensitizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Becker
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Ivan Boyer
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Toxicologist
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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Zhang X, Tang B, Wen S, Wang Y, Pan C, Qu L, Yin Y, Wei Y. Advancements in the Biotransformation and Biosynthesis of the Primary Active Flavonoids Derived from Epimedium. Molecules 2023; 28:7173. [PMID: 37894651 PMCID: PMC10609448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epimedium is a classical Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used extensively to treat various diseases, such as sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and brain diseases. Flavonoids, such as icariin, baohuoside I, icaritin, and epimedin C, are the main active ingredients with diverse pharmacological activities. Currently, most Epimedium flavonoids are extracted from Epimedium plants, but this method cannot meet the increasing market demand. Biotransformation strategies promised huge potential for increasing the contents of high-value Epimedium flavonoids, which would promote the full use of the Epimedium herb. Complete biosynthesis of major Epimedium flavonoids by microbial cell factories would enable industrial-scale production of Epimedium flavonoids. This review summarizes the structures, pharmacological activities, and biosynthesis pathways in the Epimedium plant, as well as the extraction methods of major Epimedium flavonoids, and advancements in the biotransformation and complete microbial synthesis of Epimedium flavonoids, which would provide valuable insights for future studies on Epimedium herb usage and the production of Epimedium flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Quick Testing and Smart Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Bingling Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sijie Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chengxue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Liu W, Li X, Li N, Mi Z, Li N, Che J. UPLC-MS/MS method for Icariin and metabolites in whole blood of C57 mice: development, validation, and pharmacokinetics study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195525. [PMID: 37547333 PMCID: PMC10398387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a Chinese medicinal herb with significant effects on Alzheimer's disease, lacks pharmacokinetic data in mice. To address this, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying Icariin and its metabolites, Icariside I and Icariside II, in the whole blood of mice. The method processed micro-whole blood from serial collections of the same C57 mouse, with well-fitted linearity (0.25-800 ng mL-1) and intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy within 15%. Short-time and autosampler stability were verified, with acceptable extraction recoveries and matrix effects over 74.55%. After intravenous administration (15 mg kg-1) of Icariin in C57 mice, Icariside I and Icariside II were detected within 2 min. However, after the intragastric administration (30, 90, and 150 mg kg-1) of Icariin in C57 mice, Icariin and Icariside I were not detected, and Icariin was rapidly converted into Icariside II. Furthermore, the Cmax and AUC0-t of three doses (30, 90, and 150 mg kg-1) of Icariside II increased as the dose increased. In conclusion, this method improves the traditional method of collecting only one blood sample from each mouse, detecting Icariin and its metabolites in the whole blood of mice, especially for serial collection of micro-whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjing Che
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Beijing, Beijing, China
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Lin Y, Chen WW, Ding B, Guo M, Liang M, Pang H, Wei YT, Huang RB, Du LQ. Highly efficient bioconversion of icariin to icaritin by whole-cell catalysis. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:64. [PMID: 37016390 PMCID: PMC10071772 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icaritin is an aglycone of flavonoid glycosides from Herba Epimedii. It has good performance in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical trials. However, the natural icaritin content of Herba Epimedii is very low. At present, the icaritin is mainly prepared from flavonoid glycosides by α-L-rhamnosidases and β-glucosidases in two-step catalysis process. However, one-pot icaritin production required reported enzymes to be immobilized or bifunctional enzymes to hydrolyze substrate with long reaction time, which caused complicated operations and high costs. To improve the production efficiency and reduce costs, we explored α-L-rhamnosidase SPRHA2 and β-glucosidase PBGL to directly hydrolyze icariin to icaritin in one-pot, and developed the whole-cell catalytic method for efficient icaritin production. RESULTS The SPRHA2 and PBGL were expressed in Escherichia coli, respectively. One-pot production of icaritin was achieved by co-catalysis of SPRHA2 and PBGL. Moreover, whole-cell catalysis was developed for icariin hydrolysis. The mixture of SPRHA2 cells and PBGL cells transformed 200 g/L icariin into 103.69 g/L icaritin (yield 95.23%) in 4 h in whole-cell catalysis under the optimized reaction conditions. In order to further increase the production efficiency and simplify operations, we also constructed recombinant E. coli strains that co-expressed SPRHA2 and PBGL. Crude icariin extracts were also efficiently hydrolyzed by the whole-cell catalytic system. CONCLUSIONS Compared to previous reports on icaritin production, in this study, whole-cell catalysis showed higher production efficiency of icaritin. This study provides promising approach for industrial production of icaritin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Man Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Daling Road No. 98, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Tuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Ri-Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Daling Road No. 98, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Qin Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
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Huang M, Yu L, Wang Y, Yang C. Epimedin C protects dexamethasone-induced osteoblasts through NRF1/RhoA pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2033-2045. [PMID: 36920182 PMCID: PMC10085613 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease that leads to decrease of bone strength and increase bone brittle and fracture. Dexamethasone (DXMS) usage is a common risk factor of OP. In present study, we found that the Epimedin C protect the DXMS-induced OP, Ras Homolog Family Member A transforming protein (RhoA) was increased in osteoblasts (OBs) and OP models. We further revealed that Nrf1 is a transcription factor that responds to Epimedin C and DXMS in modulating RhoA promoter. The results collectively demonstrate that Epimedin C functions as a positive modifier of RhoA via alteration of Nrf1 transcriptional activity on RhoA promoter, thereby, protecting OBs against OP. Our work is the first study identifying the Epimedin C function in balancing the OBs in OP model via Nrf1-RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Huang
- Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Science Gannan Normal University, Jiangxi 341000, China.,Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Public Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Medical Sciences Building MA202, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Wang C, Tian S, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Peng X, Cai X, Xu Y. Systematic Quality Evaluation of Epimedium wushanense T. S. Ying Based on Two Quality Control Standards: Total Flavonoid Glycosides and Epimedin C. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200579. [PMID: 36740574 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two quality control standards, total flavonoid glycosides of Epimedii Folium and epimedin C of Epimedii Wushanensis Folium, were used to systematically evaluate the quality of Epimedium wushanense T. S. Ying, so as to provide reference for its germplasm screening and resource utilization. Seven representative populations of E. wushanense covering its main distribution areas were uniformly sampled during the flowering period. There were significant quality differences among the populations of E. wushanense. According to the quality standard of total flavonoid glycosides, all populations were superior to the quality standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Epimedii Folium, with more than 1.5 % total flavonoid glycosides. The variation ranges of epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin and total flavonoid glycosides were 0.40-0.76 %, 0.51-0.83 %, 1.70-9.31 %, 0.40-1.23 % and 3.05-10.61 %, respectively. According to the quality standard of epimedin C, all populations were better than the quality standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Epimedii Wushanensis Folium, with more than 1.0 % epimedin C. The variation range of epimedin C was 2.22-10.06 %. When comparing the results of the two methods, a trend of slightly lower mean values was found for total flavonoid glycosides, except for the HBXW population. The quality of E. wushanense was superior to both the quality standard of Epimedii Folium and Epimedii Wushanense Folium in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Epimedin C was the most abundant component. Among the investigated populations, HBXW and HBGK exhibited the highest quality, and may provide excellent genetic resources for standardized cultivation. In addition, the habitat of these populations can also serve a reference for cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shuyun Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qin Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xinheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yanqin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
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Gani I, Jameel S, Bhat SA, Amin H, Bhat KA. Prenylated Flavonoids of Genus Epimedium: Phytochemistry, Estimation and Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ifshana Gani
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Salman Jameel
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Henna Amin
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Khursheed Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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Regulatory mechanism of icariin in cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114156. [PMID: 36584431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurological diseases are widespread diseases with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality around the world. For the past few years, the preventive effects of Chinese herbal medicine on CVDs and neurological diseases have attracted a great deal of attention. Icariin (ICA), the main constituent of Epimedii Herba, is a flavonoid. It has been shown to provide neuroprotection, anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis, and cardiovascular protection. The endothelial protection, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antioxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis properties of ICA can help stop the progression of CVDs and neurological diseases. Therefore, our review summarized the known mechanisms and related studies of ICA in the prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), to better understand its therapeutic potential.
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V. González-de-Peredo A, Vázquez-Espinosa M, Espada-Bellido E, Ferreiro-González M, F. Barbero G, Palma M, Carrera C. Optimization of a Microwave Assisted Extraction Method for Maximum Flavonols and Antioxidant Activity of Onion Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122393. [PMID: 36552601 PMCID: PMC9774159 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers demand bioactive foods that have the potential to limit the risk of suffering from several medical conditions. Onions present these desirable capabilities owing to its high content in antioxidant bioactive compounds. This work has used a Box-Behnken design with a response surface methodology to determine the best conditions in which to extract the polyphenols that are found in onions. Two extraction methods-one for the extraction of total flavonols and another one intended to obtain extracts with the highest possible antioxidant activity-have been developed and optimized. The following factors have been studied: temperature, %methanol in water, solvent pH, and sample-solvent volumetric ratio. The optimal conditions for the extraction of flavonols were 93.8% methanol in water, pH 2, 50 °C extraction temperature and 0.2:17.9 g:mL sample-solvent ratio. The best antioxidant activity levels were registered when using 74.2% methanol in water, pH 2, 99.9 °C extraction temperature and 0.2:18.2 g:mL sample-solvent ratio. Both optimized methods used short extraction times, and presented good precision levels and successful results when used with an assortment of onion varieties. According to total flavonols and antioxidant activity data, with 7.557 ± 0.3261 and 12.08 ± 0.0379 mg g-1, respectively, the developed methods achieved comparable or even superior results to those obtained by other authors.
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Shanmugavadivu A, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Angiogenic and Osteogenic Effects of Flavonoids in Bone Regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2313-2330. [PMID: 35718883 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularised tissue that relies on a close spatial and temporal interaction between blood vessels and bone cells. As a result, angiogenesis is critical for bone formation and healing. The vascular system supports bone regeneration by delivering oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors, as well as facilitating efficient cell-cell contact. Most clinical applications of engineered bone grafts are hampered by insufficient vascularization after implantation. Over the last decade, a number of flavonoids have been reported to have osteogenic-angiogenic potential in bone regeneration because of their excellent bioactivity, low cost, availability, and minimal in vivo toxicity. During new bone formation, the osteoinductive nature of certain flavonoids is involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways contributing toward the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. This review briefly outlines the osteogenic-angiogenic potential of those flavonoids and the mechanisms of their action in promoting bone regeneration. However, further studies are needed to investigate their delivery strategies and establish their clinical efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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High-Pressure Technologies for the Recovery of Bioactive Molecules from Agro-Industrial Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of food waste are produced each year. These residues require appropriate management to reduce their environmental impact and, at the same time, economic loss. However, this waste is still rich in compounds (e.g., colorants, antioxidants, polyphenols, fatty acids, vitamins, and proteins) that can find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Conventional extraction techniques suffer some drawbacks when applied to the exploitation of food residues, including large amounts of polluting solvents, increased time of extraction, possible degradation of the active molecules during extraction, low yields, and reduced extraction selectivity. For these reasons, advanced extraction techniques have emerged in order to obtain efficient residue exploitation using more sustainable processes. In particular, performing extraction under high-pressure conditions, such as supercritical fluids and pressurized liquid extraction, offers several advantages for the extraction of bioactive molecules. These include the reduced use of toxic solvents, reduced extraction time, high selectivity, and the possibility of being applied in combination in a cascade of progressive extractions. In this review, an overview of high-pressure extraction techniques related to the recovery of high added value compounds from waste generated in food industries is presented and a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each process is reported. Furthermore, the possibility of combined multi-stage extractions, as well as economic and environmental aspects, are discussed in order to provide a complete overview of the topic.
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Lin YA, Li YR, Chang YC, Hsu MC, Chen ST. Activation of IGF-1 pathway and suppression of atrophy related genes are involved in Epimedium extract (icariin) promoted C2C12 myotube hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10790. [PMID: 34031457 PMCID: PMC8144409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative effect of Epimedium and its major bioactive flavonoid icariin (ICA) have been documented in traditional medicine, but their effect on sarcopenia has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Epimedium extract (EE) on skeletal muscle as represented by differentiated C2C12 cells. Here we demonstrated that EE and ICA stimulated C2C12 myotube hypertrophy by activating several, including IGF-1 signal pathways. C2C12 myotube hypertrophy was demonstrated by enlarged myotube and increased myosin heavy chains (MyHCs). In similar to IGF-1, EE/ICA activated key components of the IGF-1 signal pathway, including IGF-1 receptor. Pre-treatment with IGF-1 signal pathway specific inhibitors such as picropodophyllin, LY294002, and rapamycin attenuated EE induced myotube hypertrophy and MyHC isoform overexpression. In a different way, EE induced MHyC-S overexpression can be blocked by AMPK, but not by mTOR inhibitor. On the level of transcription, EE suppressed myostatin and MRF4 expression, but did not suppress atrogenes MAFbx and MuRF1 like IGF-1 did. Differential regulation of MyHC isoform and atrogenes is probably due to inequivalent AKT and AMPK phosphorylation induced by EE and IGF-1. These findings suggest that EE/ICA stimulates pathways partially overlapping with IGF-1 signaling pathway to promote myotube hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chich Hsu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Tah Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Dung HTQ, Thac PN, Thach NN, Nam NP, Hanh ND. Simultaneous quantification of eurycomanone, epimedin C and icariin in film coated tablets containing Radix Eurycomae longifoliae extract and Herba Epimedii extract using HPLC – DAD. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e63801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. This study aimed at developing an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of eurycomanone (EU), epimedin C (EC) and icariin (IC) in EE tablets containing Radix Eurycomae longifoliae extract and Herba Epimedii extract (EE tablets).
Methods. Several HPLC conditions (detection wavelength, mobile phase) and sample preparation conditions (type of solvent, ratios of tablet powder and solvent) were investigated.
Results. The optimized HPLC condition employed a Shim-Pack RP18 column and a detection wavelength of 254 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% H3PO4 in gradient elution. The method was selective, linear, precise (RSD < 2%) and accurate with recoveries in the range of 98.51–104.58% for EU, 96.22–104.80% for EC and 97.50–104.96% for IC.
Conclusion. The method for simultaneous quantification of EU, EC and IC in EE tablets by HPLC – DAD was developed and validated for the first time and could be applied for quality control of EE tablets.
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Xu X, Li T, Zhang K, Cao Y, Liu L, Zhang S, Tu P, Song Y, Zhao Y, Li J. Direct Flavonoid-Focused Chemical Comparison among Three Epimedium Plants by Online Liquid Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061520. [PMID: 33802139 PMCID: PMC7998785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is usually a tedious task to profile the chemical composition of a given herbal medicine (HM) using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) due to the time-consuming sample preparation and laborious post-acquisition data processing procedures. Even worse, some labile compounds may face degradation risks when exposed to organic solvents for a relatively long period. As one of the most popular HMs, the promising therapeutic benefits of Epimedii Herba (Chinese name: Yinyanghuo) are well defined; however, the chemical profile, and in particular those flavonoids that have been claimed to be responsible for the efficacy, remains largely unknown. Attempts are devoted here to achieve direct LC–MS measurement and efficient post-acquisition data processing, and chemome comparison among three original sources of Epimedii Herba, such as Epimedium sagittatum (Esa), E. pubescens (Epu), and E. koreanum (Eko) was employed to illustrate the strategy utility. A home-made online liquid extraction (OLE) module was introduced at the front of the analytical column to comprehensively transfer the compounds from raw materials onto the LC–MS instrument. A mass defect filtering approach was programmed to efficiently mine the massive LC–MS dataset after which a miniature database was built involving all chemical information of flavonoids from the genus Epimedium to draw a pentagonal frame to rapidly capture potential quasi-molecular ions (mainly [M–H]−). A total of 99 flavonoids (66 in Esa, 84 in Eko, and 66 in Epu) were captured, and structurally annotated by summarizing the mass fragmentation pathways from the mass spectrometric data of authentic compounds and an in-house data library as well. Noteworthily, neutral loss of 144 Da was firstly assigned to the neutral cleavage of rhamnosyl residues. Significant species-differences didn’t occur among their chemical patterns. The current study proposed a robust strategy enabling rapid chemical profiling of, but not limited to, HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ting Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ke Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yan Cao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Li Liu
- Guizhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550014, China; (L.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Guizhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550014, China; (L.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-010-6428-6350 (Y.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.X.); (T.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (P.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-010-6428-6350 (Y.Z.)
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de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Sinan KI, Zengin G, Bene K, Etienne OK, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Fernández-Ochoa Á, del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar M, Mahomoodally MF, Lobine D, Ferrante C, Segura-Carretero A. Bioactivity assays, chemical characterization, ADMET predictions and network analysis of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) extracts. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Chaves JO, de Souza MC, da Silva LC, Lachos-Perez D, Torres-Mayanga PC, Machado APDF, Forster-Carneiro T, Vázquez-Espinosa M, González-de-Peredo AV, Barbero GF, Rostagno MA. Extraction of Flavonoids From Natural Sources Using Modern Techniques. Front Chem 2020; 8:507887. [PMID: 33102442 PMCID: PMC7546908 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.507887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the main groups of polyphenols found in natural products. Traditional flavonoid extraction techniques are being replaced by advanced techniques to reduce energy and solvent consumption, increase efficiency and selectivity, to meet increased market demand and environmental regulations. Advanced technologies, such as microwaves, ultrasound, pressurized liquids, supercritical fluids, and electric fields, are alternatives currently being used. These modern techniques are generally faster, more environmentally friendly, and with higher automation levels compared to conventional extraction techniques. This review will discuss the different methods available for flavonoid extraction from natural sources and the main parameters involved (temperature, solvent, sample quantity, extraction time, among others). Recent trends and their industrial importance are also discussed in detail, providing insight into their potential. Thus, this paper seeks to review the innovations of compound extraction techniques, presenting in each of them their advantages and disadvantages, trying to offer a broader scope in the understanding of flavonoid extraction from different plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaísa Oliveira Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mariana Corrêa de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Laise Capelasso da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lachos-Perez
- Laboratory of Optimization, Design and Advanced Control - Bioenergy Research Program, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Torres-Mayanga
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac, Abancay, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Ariel Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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18
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Hao W, Wang SF, Zhao J, Li SP. Effects of extraction methods on immunology activity and chemical profiles of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Qu LL, Huang CY, Li HX, Yang XB, Sun YC, Hu X. Chemical markers of four species of Epimedium used in drug Yin-Yang-Huo. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Sun X, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Pang X, Wang B, Wang J, Li Q, Chen X, Zhang J, Ding Q, Sun Y, Liu D, Zhang D, Liu S, Guo B, Ma B. Comprehensive analysis and quality assessment of Herba Epimedii from multiple botanical origins based on ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and photodiode array detector. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Guo Y, Wang X, Gao J. Simultaneous Preparation and Comparison of the Osteogenic Effects of Epimedins A - C and Icariin fromEpimedium brevicornu. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700578. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Guo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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22
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Xiang W, Suo TC, Yu H, Li AP, Zhang SQ, Wang CH, Zhu Y, Li Z. A new strategy for choosing "Q-markers" via network pharmacology, application to the quality control of a Chinese medical preparation. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:858-868. [PMID: 29567258 PMCID: PMC9322248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its chemical complexity, proper quality control for a Chinese medical preparation (CMP) has been a great challenge. Choosing the appropriate quality markers (Q-markers) for quality control of CMP is an important work. Best of all, the chosen Q-markers are the main chemical compounds from the herbals as well as the active constituents of this CMP. Only in this way the established quality control system can really achieve the purpose of controlling the quality of CMP and ensuring the safely and effectively use of CMP. To achieve the purpose, network pharmacology combined with the contents of chemical compounds in the CMP has been used in this research. We took an anti-arrhythmic CMP, Shenxian-Shengmai oral liquid (SSOL), as an example. Firstly, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was used to analyze the main components of SSOL. A total of 64 compounds were unambiguously or tentatively identified and 32 of them were further validated by reference compounds. Secondly, the network was constructed based on the identified compounds to predict the effective compounds related to cardiac arrhythmias. Based on the existing database and the operation method of topology, a method of double network analysis (DNAA) was proposed, from which 10 important targets in the pathway of arrhythmia were screened out, and 26 compounds had good antiarrhythmic activity. Based on the prediction results of network pharmacology along with the contents of the compounds in this CMP, ten representative compounds were chosen as the Q-markers for the quality control of SSOL. We find that five of these ten compounds, including danshensu, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, epimedin A and icariin, have antiarrhythmic activity. Then, the UPLC-DAD method was established as the control method for SSOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
| | - Tong-Chuan Suo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
| | - Hua Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
| | - An-Ping Li
- Harmonia Testing (Tianjin) Limited Company, Tianjin 300457,
China
| | - Shou-Qing Zhang
- Harmonia Testing (Tianjin) Limited Company, Tianjin 300457,
China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China
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23
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Falev DI, Kosyakov DS, Ul´yanovskii NV, Ovchinnikov DV, Shestakov SL. Subcritical extraction of birch bark pentacyclic triterpenes. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Shui YM, Lv GY, Shan LT, Fan CL, Tian N, Zhang L, He TC, Gao JL. Epimedin C Promotes Vascularization during BMP2-Induced Osteogenesis and Tumor-Associated Angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1093-1111. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epimedin C is one of the chemical markers and major flavonoids in Herba Epimedii (Yinyanghuo), which is traditionally used to treat bone diseases and gonadal dysfunction in China. Our previous study indicated that epimedin C could induce endothelial-like, but not osteogenic differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells in vitro. As vasculogenesis plays a pivotal role in bone formation, this study used the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) induced ectopic bone formation model and mice 4T1 breast cancer cells co-implanted with luciferase labeled C3H/10T1/2 cells (4T1 [Formula: see text] C3H/10T1/2-Luc) model to examine the in vivo effects of Epimedin C on vasculogenesis. As a result, Epimedin C significantly increased the bone weight and blood perfusion of mice in the BMP2 induced ectopic osteogenesis model, and the bone in Epimedin C [Formula: see text] BMP2 group was more mature than that in BMP2 group. In addition, the tumor weight, blood perfusion and tumor-associated angiogenesis were also significantly increased in the Epimedin C treated 4T1 tumor bearing mice. The mRNA levels of endothelial markers, such as the platelet endothelial adhesive factor-1(CD31), the endothelial cell specific molecule-1(ESM-1), and the vascular von Willebrand factor (vWF) in mouse 4T1 mammary tumor tissue, were commonly found to occur alongside the luciferase (labeled in C3H/10T1/2 cells) expression and significantly increased after Epimedin C treatment. Taken together, Epimedin C can effectively promote vascularization both in the BMP2-depended bone formation model and in the 4T1 mammary tumor-bearing model by inducing an endothelial-like differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 in BALB/c nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Shui
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P. R. China
| | - Le-Tian Shan
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Fan
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P. R. China
| | - Nan Tian
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P. R. China
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Wang B, Liu XH, Zhou W, Hong Y, Feng SL. Fast separation of flavonoids by supercritical fluid chromatography using a column packed with a sub-2 μm particle stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1410-1420. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of Technical Center; Gansu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao-hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Technical Center; Gansu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Shi-lan Feng
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
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26
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Cai Y, Li X, Wang R, Yang Q, Li P, Hu H. Quality Traceability System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Dimensional Barcode Using Mobile Intelligent Technology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165263. [PMID: 27780256 PMCID: PMC5079548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the chemical fingerprint comparison and analysis is mainly based on professional equipment and software, it’s expensive and inconvenient. This study aims to integrate QR (Quick Response) code with quality data and mobile intelligent technology to develop a convenient query terminal for tracing quality in the whole industrial chain of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine). Three herbal medicines were randomly selected and their chemical two-dimensional barcode (2D) barcodes fingerprints were constructed. Smartphone application (APP) based on Android system was developed to read initial data of 2D chemical barcodes, and compared multiple fingerprints from different batches of same species or different species. It was demonstrated that there were no significant differences between original and scanned TCM chemical fingerprints. Meanwhile, different TCM chemical fingerprint QR codes could be rendered in the same coordinate and showed the differences very intuitively. To be able to distinguish the variations of chemical fingerprint more directly, linear interpolation angle cosine similarity algorithm (LIACSA) was proposed to get similarity ratio. This study showed that QR codes can be used as an effective information carrier to transfer quality data. Smartphone application can rapidly read quality information in QR codes and convert data into TCM chemical fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Information Technology College, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- * E-mail:
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Liu H, Zhang M, Guo Y, Qiu H. Solid-phase extraction of flavonoids in honey samples using carbamate-embedded triacontyl-modified silica sorbent. Food Chem 2016; 204:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Xie JP, Xiang JM, Zhu ZL. Determination of Five Major 8-Prenylflavones in Leaves of Epimedium by Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with Capillary Electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:664-9. [PMID: 26865656 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and reproducible method which is based on the capillary electrophoresis, coupled with solid-phase extraction, has been developed for simultaneous determination of multiple 8-prenylflavones from Chinese Herba Epimedii. In this study, the author has mainly illustrated the experimental process and research results of five major components including epimedin C, icariin, diphylloside A, epimedoside A and icarisoside A that have been extracted and identified from Herba Epimedii for the first time. Experimental conditions have been optimized to achieve the best separation efficiency for the following factors: the buffer pH, buffer concentration and applied voltage. The experiment can be conducted through two separable stages: the first stage is to obtain the crude extracts through the solid-phase extraction; and the second stage is to further separate five major components by using the capillary electrophoresis. The separation of the five components and the analysis of the experiment are relatively fast and can be completed within 20 min. The concentration ranges of the construction of standard curves of five major 8-prenylflavones are 32.0-395.0, 23.4-292.0, 42.1-526.0, 18.8-233.5 and 29.7-371.0 µg mL(-1) respectively, which have showed acceptable linearity with a correlation coefficient, r ≥ 0.999. The coefficient varies within 2.0% for both intra- and inter-days tests. The recoveries of five components range from 92.3 to 104.1%. The relative standard deviations of recoveries of five components range from 1.2 and 2.8%. This new method will facilitate the extraction and expedite the determination of medical components from Herba Epimedii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ping Xie
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ankang University, Ankang, 725000, China
| | - Ji-Ming Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ankang University, Ankang, 725000, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Zhu
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Kranjc E, Albreht A, Vovk I, Makuc D, Plavec J. Non-targeted chromatographic analyses of cuticular wax flavonoids from Physalis alkekengi L. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:95-106. [PMID: 26875116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi L.) represents a rich source of various bioactive secondary metabolites, there is an urge for its detailed characterization. Non-polar flavonoid aglycones represent one of the few bioactive species found in plant's cuticular waxes. The separation of flavonoids is already extensively covered in the literature, but methods dedicated to separation and identification of methylated flavonoids are rather scarce. In the present study a non-targeted approach for the separation, isolation and identification of methylated flavonoids present in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes was established. A rapid and simple separation on HPTLC silica gel was developed for preliminary screening of flavonoids. Fast HPLC-UV-MS(n) and HPLC-UV methods using a C6-Phenyl and a C18 stationary phase were also developed, respectively. In both cases, the right combination of temperature and tetrahydrofuran, as a mobile phase modifier, were shown to be crucial for a baseline separation of all studied compounds. By employing a semi-preparative analog of the C18 column, a simultaneous isolation of pure unknown analytes was achieved. Using these developed methods in combination with NMR, four 3-O-methylated flavonols were detected and identified in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes: myricetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether, myricetin 3,7,3',5'-tetramethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether. Moreover, the simple and fast isocratic HPLC-UV-MS(n) method (under 8min) should prove useful in quality control of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii by enabling chromatographic fingerprinting of external methylated flavonols. Finally, a rationale for the mechanism of separation of these metabolites by HPLC is also given, which establishes a foundation for future development of chromatographic methods for methylated flavonols and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kranjc
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alen Albreht
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjan Makuc
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cheng T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Lu L, Ding Y, Zhao Y. Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of Icariin and Icariside II in Rats. Molecules 2015; 20:21274-86. [PMID: 26633326 PMCID: PMC6332156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the pharmacokinetic properties of icariin (ICA) and icariside II (ICA II) following intragastric and intravenous administration in rats, a rapid and sensitive method by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ICA and ICA II in rat plasma. The quantification was performed by using multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions m/z 677.1/531.1 for ICA, 515.1/369.1 for ICA II and 463.1/301.1 for diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (IS). The assay showed linearity over the concentration range of 1.03–1032 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.9983 and 0.9977. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 15%. The lower limit of quantification for both ICA and ICA II was 1.03 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery of ICA and ICA II was more than 86.2%. The LC-MS/MS method has been successfully used in the pharmacokinetic studies of ICA and ICA II in rats. The results indicated that 91.2% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after oral administration by rats, whereas only 0.4% of ICA was transformed into ICA II after intravenous administration. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of ICA and ICA II after oral administration revealed that the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were 3.8 and 13.0 times higher, respectively, than those of ICA. However, after intravenous administration, the Cmax and AUC0–t of ICA II were about only 12.1% and 4.2% of those of ICA. These results suggest that ICA and ICA II have distinct pharmacokinetic properties, and the insights obtained facilitate future pharmacological action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chen XJ, Tang ZH, Li XW, Xie CX, Lu JJ, Wang YT. Chemical Constituents, Quality Control, and Bioactivity of Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo). THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:783-834. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo in Chinese) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. Its main active components are flavonoids, which exhibit multiple biological activities, such as promotion of bone formation and sexual function, protection of the nervous system, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids also show anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Various effective methods, including genetic and chemical approaches, have been developed for the quality control of Yinyanghuo. In this review, the studies conducted in the last decade about the chemical constituents, quality control, and bioactivity of Yinyanghuo are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xi-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cai-Xiang Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Lv L, Zhao L, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Chai Y, Zhang G. Identification and differentiation of major flavonoids in two kinds ofEpimediumextracts and rat plasma by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Traceability and Quality Control in Traditional Chinese Medicine: From Chemical Fingerprint to Two-Dimensional Barcode. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:251304. [PMID: 26089936 PMCID: PMC4451286 DOI: 10.1155/2015/251304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical fingerprinting is currently a widely used tool that enables rapid and accurate quality evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, chemical fingerprints are not amenable to information storage, recognition, and retrieval, which limit their use in Chinese medicine traceability. In this study, samples of three kinds of Chinese medicines were randomly selected and chemical fingerprints were then constructed by using high performance liquid chromatography. Based on chemical data, the process of converting the TCM chemical fingerprint into two-dimensional code is presented; preprocess and filtering algorithm are also proposed aiming at standardizing the large amount of original raw data. In order to know which type of two-dimensional code (2D) is suitable for storing data of chemical fingerprints, current popular types of 2D codes are analyzed and compared. Results show that QR Code is suitable for recording the TCM chemical fingerprint. The fingerprint information of TCM can be converted into data format that can be stored as 2D code for traceability and quality control.
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Naseer S, Lone SH, Lone JA, Khuroo MA, Bhat KA. LC–MS guided isolation, quantification and antioxidant evaluation of bioactive principles from Epimedium elatum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 989:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang J, Wu J, Kong L, Nurahmat M, Chen M, Luo Q, Li B, Wu X, Dong J. BuShenYiQi Formula strengthens Th1 response and suppresses Th2-Th17 responses in RSV-induced asthma exacerbated mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:131-147. [PMID: 24704667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of allergic asthma has been increased rapidly in recent years. About 20% of all these sufferers have experienced asthma exacerbation. Although corticosteroids and β-agonists therapy improves serious asthma symptoms, they can׳t completely cure these allergic diseases. BuShenYiQi Formula (BSYQF) has been widely used to treat bronchial asthma and its exacerbation for decades in Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, China. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of BSYQF' anti-asthmatic effects haven׳t been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in the anti-asthmatic effects of BSYQF in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-induced asthma exacerbated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), followed by RSV infections for establishment of asthma exacerbated model. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was examined by direct airway resistance analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was assessed for inflammatory cell counts and secreted levels of cytokines. Lung tissues were detected for inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion. Subsequently, CD4(+)T cells and alveolar macrophages were sorted and purified from mice lungs in different groups. CD4(+)T cell subpopulations including the expression levels of important transcription factors in T lymphocyte polarization were examined. In asthma exacerbation group, the purified CD4(+)T cells and macrophages were co-cultured, and the changes of co-cultured cells with BSYQF treatment were further analyzed in vitro. RESULTS BSYQF significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, especially for excessive infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. Histopathological analysis showed that BSYQF could suppress airway inflammation and RSV replication. The decreases of antigen-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17a and increases of IFN-γ, IL-12 were observed in BALF, lung homogenate or serum after BSYQF treatment. We further confirmed that BSYQF could down-regulate Th2-Th17 cell proportions with lower expressions of GATA3, STAT6 and RORγT, and up-regulate Th1 cell proportion with higher expression of T-bet. And as a result of strengthened Th1-response, activated macrophages were also observed by remarkable enhancement of signature gene expressions and phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS BSYQF can significantly attenuate RSV-induced asthma exacerbation. These effects may be mediated at least partially by regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2-Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Muhammat Nurahmat
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Xinjiang Uygur Medical College, 370 West Beijing Road, Hotan, Xinjiang 848000, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingli Luo
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Sofi SN, Shakeel-u-Rehman, Qazi PH, Lone SH, Bhat HM, Bhat KA. ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF FIVE MAJOR FLAVONOIDS IN EPIMEDIUM ELATUM BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.765465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz N. Sofi
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) SanatNagar , Srinagar , India
| | - Shakeel-u-Rehman
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) SanatNagar , Srinagar , India
| | - Parvaiz H. Qazi
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) SanatNagar , Srinagar , India
| | - Shabir H. Lone
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) SanatNagar , Srinagar , India
| | - Haroon M. Bhat
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) SanatNagar , Srinagar , India
| | - Khursheed A. Bhat
- a Bioorganic Chemistry Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) SanatNagar , Srinagar , India
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Discrimination of multi-origin chinese herbal medicines using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based fatty acid profiling. Molecules 2013; 18:15329-43. [PMID: 24335614 PMCID: PMC6269696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-origin Chinese herbal medicines, with herbs originating from more than one species of plants, is a common phenomenon but an important issue in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). In the present study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based fatty acid profiling approach to rapidly discriminate multi-origin Chinese medicines in terms of species and medicinal parts was proposed and validated using tuberous roots (Curcumae Radix) and rhizomes (Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) derived from four Curcuma species (e.g., C. wenyujin, C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. longa) as models. Both type and content of fatty acids varied among different species of either tuberous roots or rhizomes, indicating each species has its own fatty acid pattern. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) based on dataset of global fatty acid profiling showed that either tuberous roots or rhizomes samples could be clearly classified into four clusters according to their species. Furthermore, those tested samples could also be discriminated in terms of their medicinal parts (e.g., tuberous root and rhizome). Our findings suggest that the proposed GC-MS-based fatty acid profiling followed by multivariate statistical analysis provides a reliable platform to discriminate multi-origin Chinese herbal medicines according to species and medicinal parts, which will be helpful for ensuring their quality, safety and efficacy.
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Li Y, Sun S, Chang Q, Zhang L, Wang G, Chen W, Miao X, Zheng Y. A strategy for the improvement of the bioavailability and antiosteoporosis activity of BCS IV flavonoid glycosides through the formulation of their lipophilic aglycone into nanocrystals. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2534-42. [PMID: 23659498 DOI: 10.1021/mp300688t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epimedium-derived flavonoid glycosides are widely used for the prevention of osteoporosis, but these compounds generally exhibit poor membrane permeability and oral absorption. To address these limitations, the bioactive lipophilic aglycone icaritin (ICT) was selected and successfully developed into nanocrystals (ICTN) through the antisolvent-precipitation method. After the parameters in the preparation of ICTN were optimized, the morphology, crystallinity, adsorption of the stabilizers on the ICT surface, and the dissolution of the resulting nanocrystals were characterized. The pharmacokinetics in rat and the in vitro antiosteoporosis activity of serum withdrawn after the oral administration of ICTN to rats on mouse osteoblastic cells were evaluated. Consistent with its good performance in stabilizing the ICT nanosuspension, atomic force microscopy showed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) exhibits better adsorption on the ICT surface compared with other stabilizers. Needle-shaped crystals (∼ 220 nm in diameter) with a high drug loading (∼ 90%) were generated when 0.16 mL of the ICT acetone solution (10 mg/mL) was injected quickly into 2 mL of the HPMC solution (0.02%, w/w) under ultrasonication for 10 s at room temperature. The thermal analysis demonstrated that the majority of the particles are in their crystalline forms, similarly to the unformulated ICT. After oral administration, ICTN exhibited a faster dissolution rate and significantly faster absorption, as supported by the increased AUC0-36h and Cmax and the reduced Tmax of these nanocrystals compared with the raw suspension (p < 0.05). Compared with blank serum, enhanced proliferation and differentiation activities were observed when serum withdrawn after the oral administration of ICTN in rat was incubated with osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. The present delivery system could provide a new promising strategy for BCS IV glycoside of flavonoids or other natural products by formulation of their bioactive lipophilic aglycone forms to enhance oral absorption and in vivo bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao SAR, China
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Xu Y, Li Z, Yuan L, Zhang X, Lu D, Huang H, Wang Y. Variation of Epimedins A - C and Icariin in Ten Representative Populations ofEpimedium brevicornuMaxim., and Implications for Utilization. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:711-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhu FX, Jia XB, Cai Y, Chen Y. Quality evaluation ofYanghuo Sanqitablet through a simultaneous determination of five major active flavonoids and three main saponins by HPLC-DAD-ELSD. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Marques GS, Leão WF, Lyra MA, Peixoto MS, Monteiro RP, Rolim LA, Xavier HS, Neto PJ, Soares LA. Comparative evaluation of UV/VIS and HPLC analytical methodologies applied for quantification of flavonoids from leaves of Bauhinia forficata. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhu FX, Jia XB, Cai Y, Chen Y. Quality evaluation of Yanghuo Sanqi tablet through a simultaneous determination of five major active Flavonoids and three main saponins by HPLC-DAD-ELSD. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liang Q, Wei G, Chen J, Wang Y, Huang H. Variation of medicinal components in a unique geographical accession of horny goat weed Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (Berberidaceae). Molecules 2012; 17:13345-56. [PMID: 23138537 PMCID: PMC6268029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal Epimedium species have been widely in Traditional Chinese Medicine for sexual enhancement, immunity improvement, anticancer and anti-aging treatment, with flavonoids and polysaccharides being the major active components. However, exhaustive depletion of wild sources warrants germplasm evaluation and quality resource exploration. A preliminarily analysis had previously indicated that a specific local geographic accession of Epimedium sagittatum found in Luotian (LT) county of Hubei Province (China) had a much higher content of total flavonoids and polysaccharides. In this study, we further investigated the medicinal component variation in the LT type under different light intensities and in different regions by the common-garden experiment. The results indicated a light intensity range of 40–160 μmol/m2/s was the most suitable for the synthesis and accumulation of total flavonoids, while polysaccharide accumulation was negatively correlated with the light intensity. Icariin was the component displaying the highest content among flavonoids, and the content of major flavonoid bioactive components was relatively stable in the third year after cultivation. There was significant correlation between the major flavonol glycoside constituents and the geographic location, and Central China followed by Northern China were the highly suitable regions for cultivation of LT type E. sagittatum. The results revealed that there was a functional balance between flavonoids and polysaccharides at different developmental stages, and the best harvesting stage should consider the primary contents of interest. This study provides important information on the exploration of quality resources, further breeding approaches and cultivation practices of E. sagittatum, and thus the important insights to enhance our understanding of quality control of traditional medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Guoyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (H.H.); Tel.: +86-27-8751-0675 (Y.W.); Fax: +86-27-8751-0670 (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-27-8751-0232 (H.H.); Fax: +86-27-8751-0670 (H.H.)
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (H.H.); Tel.: +86-27-8751-0675 (Y.W.); Fax: +86-27-8751-0670 (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-27-8751-0232 (H.H.); Fax: +86-27-8751-0670 (H.H.)
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Abstract
The flavonoids of eight samples of Huangqi, the roots of Astragalus mongholicus, have been analyzed. The concentration of total flavonoids from different samples of Astragalus Mongholicus, was about 0.5mg/g~1.0mg/g, according to the rutin standard substance. Then the fingerprints were set up and four flavonoids were identified as Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, 7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone and Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside by liquid chromatography. Moreover, the antioxidative activity of flavonoids extractive from Astragalus Mongholicus was also studied and the IC50 of Astragalus flavonoids extractive for scavenging ATBS+ free radical and DPPH•free radical were 0.61 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL respectively
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Čulík J, Jurková M, Horák T, Čejka P, Kellner V, Dvořák J, Karásek P, Roth M. Extraction of Bitter Acids from Hops and Hop Products Using Pressurized Solvent Extraction (PSE). JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2009.tb00372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Santos-Buelga C, Gonzalez-Manzano S, Dueñas M, Gonzalez-Paramas AM. Extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 864:427-464. [PMID: 22367907 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-624-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds constitute a major class of plant secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and show a large structural diversity. These compounds occur as aglycones or glycosides, as monomers or constituting highly polymerized structures, or as free or matrix-bound compounds. Furthermore, they are not uniformly distributed in the plant and their stability varies significantly. This greatly complicates their extraction and isolation processes, which means that a single standardized procedure cannot be recommended for all phenolics and/or plant materials; procedures have to be optimized depending on the nature of the sample and the target analytes, and also on the object of the study. In this chapter, the main techniques for sample preparation, and extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds have been reviewed-from classical solvent extraction procedures to more modern approaches, such as the use of molecularly imprinted polymers or counter-current chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Gupta PK, Kuber VV, Ghosh VK, Bhope SG, Sharma V, Purohit S. Development and validation of a TLC-densitometric method for the simultaneous quantitation of icariin andl-arginine from commercial formulations. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.23.2011.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guan XY, Li HF, Yang WZ, Lin CH, Sun C, Wang BR, Guo DA, Ye M. HPLC-DAD–MSn analysis and HPLC quantitation of chemical constituents in Xian-ling-gu-bao capsules. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:923-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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