1
|
Jiang Y, Li X, Zhao WJ, Liu FJ, Yang LL, Li P, Li HJ. Integration of untargeted and pseudotargeted metabolomics reveals specific markers for authentication and adulteration detection of Fritillariae Bulbus using tandem mass spectrometry and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116013. [PMID: 38341927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Authentication and adulteration detection of closely related herbal medicines is a thorny issue in the quality control and market standardization of traditional Chinese medicine. Taking Fritillariae Bulbus (FB) as a case study, we herein proposed a three-step strategy that integrates mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis to identify specific markers, thereby accurately identifying FBs and determining the adulteration level. First, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics method was employed to profile steroid alkaloids in five sorts of FB and screen potential differential markers. Then, the reliability of the screened markers was further verified by the distribution in different FB groups acquired from ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry-based pseudotargeted metabolomics analysis. As a result, a total of 16 compounds were screened out to be the specific markers, which were successfully applied to distinguish five FBs by using discriminant analysis model. Besides, partial least squares regression models based on specific markers allowed accurate prediction of three sets of adulterated FBs. All the models afforded good linearity and good predictive ability with regression coefficient of prediction (R2p) > 0.9 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) < 0.1. The reliable results of discriminant and quantitative analysis revealed that this proposed strategy could be potentially used to identify specific markers, which contributes to rapid chemical discrimination and adulteration detection of herbal medicines with close genetic relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu H, Xu Z, Wei Y, Wang T, Zhao Y, Xu H, Mao X, Huang L. The Identification of Fritillaria Species Using Hyperspectral Imaging with Enhanced One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks via Attention Mechanism. Foods 2023; 12:4153. [PMID: 38002210 PMCID: PMC10670081 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining deep learning and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has proven to be an effective approach in the quality control of medicinal and edible plants. Nonetheless, hyperspectral data contains redundant information and highly correlated characteristic bands, which can adversely impact sample identification. To address this issue, we proposed an enhanced one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) with an attention mechanism. Given an intermediate feature map, two attention modules are constructed along two separate dimensions, channel and spectral, and then combined to enhance relevant features and to suppress irrelevant ones. Validated by Fritillaria datasets, the results demonstrate that an attention-enhanced 1DCNN model outperforms several machine learning algorithms and shows consistent improvements over a vanilla 1DCNN. Notably under VNIR and SWIR lenses, the model obtained 98.97% and 99.35% for binary classification between Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB) and other non-FCB species, respectively. Additionally, it still achieved an extraordinary accuracy of 97.64% and 98.39% for eight-category classification among Fritillaria species. This study demonstrated the application of HSI with artificial intelligence can serve as a reliable, efficient, and non-destructive quality control method for authenticating Fritillaria species. Moreover, our findings also illustrated the great potential of the attention mechanism in enhancing the performance of the vanilla 1DCNN method, providing reference for other HSI-related quality controls of plants with medicinal and edible uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Hu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Huaxing Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100070, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bora PS, Agrawal P, Kaushik NK, Puri S, Sahal D, Sharma U. Antiplasmodial activity of the bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don (Syn: Fritillaria roylei Hook.): UPLC-IM-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based biochemometric approach for the identification of marker compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116389. [PMID: 36924862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don (Syn: Fritillaria roylei Hook.) (Hindi name: Kshirakakoli) is a critically endangered Himalayan medicinal plant, well documented in Ayurveda for its therapeutic uses against various disorders such as jvara (fever), kasa (respiratory tract disease) etc. Its bulbs are also used as Szechuan-Pei-Mu for their antipyretic properties in the traditional Chinese medicine. However, despite its ethnomedicinal usage, the therapeutic use of F. cirrhosa bulbs for jvara (fever) related conditions such as malaria has remained unexplored. Hence in the context of increasing global concerns about drug-resistant malaria, it is important to investigate the antiplasmodial activity of F. cirrhosa bulbs for novel antimalarial agents. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antiplasmodial effects of the extracts/fractions of F. cirrhosa bulbs by the biochemometric approach and to rationalize its ethnopharmacological usage for jvara (fever) related conditions such as malaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study involves the UHPLC-MS-based plant material selection, preparation, quantification, and assessment of F. cirrhosa bulb extracts against CQ-sensitive Pf 3D7 & CQ-resistant Pf INDO strains. Further, UPLC-IM-Q-TOF-MS-based biochemometric approach has been applied for the identification of marker compounds responsible for the observed antiplasmodial effects. The identified marker compounds were also assessed for their in silico ADMET properties and binding efficacy with the drug transporter Pf CRT. RESULTS Different F. cirrhosa bulb extracts/fractions showed promising antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values 2.71-19.77 μg/mL for CQ-resistant Pf INDO strain and 1.76-21.52 μg/mL for CQ-sensitive Pf 3D7 strain. UPLC-IM-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based biochemometric analysis revealed four marker compounds i.e., peimine (m/z 432.3448), peimisine (m/z 428.3504), puqiedinone (m/z 414.3379), and puqiedine (m/z 416.3509) responsible for the observed antiplasmodial activity. The identified marker compounds showed excellent binding efficacy with Pf CRT and suitable drug-like properties in silico. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated promising antiplasmodial activity of the chloroform and alkaloid enriched fractions of F. cirrhosa bulbs and further identified the four marker compounds responsible for the promising antiplasmodial activity. These marker compounds i.e., peimine, peimisine, puqiedinone and puqiedine were identified by the biochemometric analysis as the putative antiplasmodial constituents of the F. cirrhosa bulbs. Further, in silico studies indicated the good binding affinity of the marker compounds with Pf CRT along with suitable ADMET properties. Overall, the study elucidates the antiplasmodial activity of F. cirrhosa bulbs from the western Himalayan region and provides nascent scientific evidence for their ethnopharmacological usage in jvara (fever) related conditions such as malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Singh Bora
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prakhar Agrawal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Puri
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LC–MS/MS Coupled with Chemometric Analysis as an Approach for the Differentiation of Fritillariae cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillariae pallidiflorae Bulbus. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus (FCB) is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for the treatment of cough and phlegm. Due to increasing demand and the complexity of FCB’s botanical origin, various substitutes have appeared in the market, resulting in a major challenge to distinguish FCB and its substitutes (F. pallidiflorae bulbus, FPB). Therefore, discriminating FCB from FPB has becoming an urgent necessity. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of nine steroidal alkaloids (imperialine-3-β-D-glucoside, imperialine, verticine, verticinone, peimisine, yibeinoside A, delavine, delavinone, ebeidinone) within 8 min. According to the composition and content of the above nine compounds, multivariate chemometric analyses were applied for the classification of FCB and FPB. The quantitative results showed that there were both similarities and differences in the content of nine steroidal alkaloids between FCB and FPB, and it was difficult to directly distinguish these two species. Fortunately, with the aid of chemometric analyses, FCB and FPB were successfully differentiated by partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) models based on the nine alkaloids’ content. Moreover, four compounds (yibeinoside A, ebeiedinone, delavinone and imperialine) were discovered as potential markers for the identification and differentiation of FCB and FPB. Additionally, compared to other studies, this work collected a large number of samples (49 batches of FCB and 17 batches of FPB) to ensure the reliability of the results. In conclusion, this work established a new approach for the authentication of FCB based on its active components, which provides a good reference for the quality control of FCB and will help us to understand the chemical composition differences between FCB and its adulterants further.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian X, Hou J, Yang M, Zhang M, Sun W, Guan S, Du Y, Jin Y. Characterization of Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus from multiple sources by potential Q-marker based on metabolomics and network pharmacology. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9403. [PMID: 36184262 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fritillaria cirrhosae bulbus (BFC), a typical traditional Chinese medicine with multiple botanical sources, has been used for relieving cough and reducing sputum. Studies have shown that there were obvious differences in the chemical compositions and clinical efficacy of different sources of BFC. How to characterise BFC from botanical sources accurately and quickly is vital for drug quality evaluation and clinical applications. METHODS In the present study, an integrated strategy of plant metabolomics combined with the target network pharmacology was developed to characterise BFC. Plant metabolomics analysis was performed to screen out the chemical markers of six species of BFC. Then, target network pharmacology was applied to explore the relationship between chemical markers and related diseases. Finally, potential Q-markers for species characterization were selected by combined analysis of plant metabolomics and the target network pharmacology. RESULTS A total of 67 Fritillaria alkaloid compounds were identified. Six species showed clear characterization by multivariate statistical analysis, resulting in 12 chemical markers. Meanwhile, a total of nine components related to asthma were screened out based on the target network pharmacology. Taking content difference and pharmacological activity into consideration, nine constituents were selected as potential Q-markers. CONCLUSION The method developed provided not only a standard protocol for characterising different species of BFC directly, but also an effective approach for multisource medicines discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiali Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Miaoting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yiran Jin
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui Z, Li R, Li F, Jin L, Wu H, Cheng C, Ma Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Structural characteristics and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities of wild Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1070815. [PMID: 36876117 PMCID: PMC9981654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. is a Chinese endemic species with high medicinal value distributed in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. F. przewalskii root-associated rhizosphere bacterial communities shaped by soil properties may maintain the stability of soil structure and regulate F. przewalskii growth, but the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of wild F. przewalskii from natural populations is not clear. Methods In the current study, soil samples from 12 sites within the natural range of wild F. przewalskii were collected to investigate the compositions of bacterial communities via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and multivariate statistical analysis combined with soil properties and plant phenotypic characteristics. Results Bacterial communities varied between rhizosphere and bulk soil, and also between sites. Co-occurrence networks were more complex in rhizosphere soil (1,169 edges) than in bulk soil (676 edges). There were differences in bacterial communities between regions, including diversity and composition. Proteobacteria (26.47-37.61%), Bacteroidetes (10.53-25.22%), and Acidobacteria (10.45-23.54%) were the dominant bacteria, and all are associated with nutrient cycling. In multivariate statistical analysis, both soil properties and plant phenotypic characteristics were significantly associated with the bacterial community (p < 0.05). Soil physicochemical properties accounted for most community differences, and pH was a key factor (p < 0.01). Interestingly, when the rhizosphere soil environment remained alkaline, the C and N contents were lowest, as was the biomass of the medicinal part bulb. This might relate to the specific distribution of genera, such as Pseudonocardia, Ohtaekwangia, Flavobacterium (relative abundance >0.01), which all have significantly correlated with the biomass of F. przewalskii (p < 0.05). Discussion F. przewalskii is evidently averse to alkaline soil with high potassium contents, but this requires future verification. The results of the present study may provide theoretical guidance and new insights for the cultivation and domestication of F. przewalskii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-Constructed by Gansu Province & MOE of PRC, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-Constructed by Gansu Province & MOE of PRC, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunya Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-Constructed by Gansu Province & MOE of PRC, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-Constructed by Gansu Province & MOE of PRC, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Molecular Networking Reveal the Differential Chemical Constituents of the Bulbs and Flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206944. [PMID: 36296537 PMCID: PMC9609367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the bulbs and flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (BFT and FFT) are widely applied as expectorants and antitussives in traditional Chinese medicine, but few studies have been conducted to compare the chemical compositions of these plant parts. In this study, 50% methanol extracts of BFT and FFT were analyzed via UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, and the feasibility of using non-targeted UHPLC-HRMS metabolomics and molecular networking to address the authentication of bulb and flower samples was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and heat map analysis showed there were dissimilar metabolites in BFT and FFT. As a result, 252 and 107 peaks in positive ion mode and negative mode, respectively, were considered to represent significant difference variables between BFT and FFT. Then, MS/MS-based molecular networking of BFT and FFT was constructed to perform an in-depth characterization of the peaks using different variables. A total of 31 alkaloids with significant differences were annotated in this paper, including seven cis-D/E-vevanine without C20-OH and one trans-D/E-cevanine with C20-OH, thirteen trans-D/E-cevanine without C20-OH, five cevanine N-oxide, and five veratramine. Among the 31 alkaloids, eight alkaloids had higher FFT than BFT contents, while all the flavonoids identified in our work had greater FFT than BFT contents. The influence of different ingredients on the pharmacological activities of BFT and FFT should be investigated in future studies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan S, Tse WM, Gaun Tse KW, Xu F, Xie H, AGA EB, Xiong H, Ye B. Ethanol extracts of bulbus of Fritillaria cirrhosa protects against pulmonary fibrosis in rats induced by bleomycin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
9
|
Yang L, Zhang M, Yang T, Wai Ming T, Wai Gaun TK, Ye B. LC-MS/MS coupled with chemometric analysis as an approach for the differentiation of bulbus Fritillaria unibracteata and Fritillaria ussuriensis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2021; 32:957-969. [PMID: 33619840 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbus Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia is an important traditional Chinese medicine, widely used for the treatment of coughs, phlegm and asthma for thousands of years. Due to an increasing demand in clinic practices, a variety of substitutes have appeared in the market, resulting in a big challenge in the differentiation of bulbus F. unibracteata and its substitutes. AIM To differentiate bulbus F. unibracteata and its substitutes (bulbus Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.) based on their main isosteroidal alkaloid contents, and to test the potentiality of chemometrics as a tool for discrimination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nine isosteroidal alkaloids in 61 batches of Fritillariae bulbus were simultaneously quantitated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to classify the two kinds of Fritillariae bulbus. RESULTS Quantitative analysis showed that there were differences in the content of the nine alkaloids between two kinds of Fritillariae bulbus. According to the content of nine isosteroidal alkaloids, bulbus of F. unibracteata and F. ussuriensis were successfully distinguished by PCA model. Among these isosteroidal alkaloids, verticine and verticinone may be used as potential chemical markers for the identification and differentiation between the two kinds of Fritillaria bulbus. CONCLUSION The LC-MS/MS method coupled with PCA would be a powerful strategy to differentiate bulbus F. unibracteata and substitute specimens for quality evaluation and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiechui Yang
- New Drug Research and Development Department, Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tse Wai Ming
- New Drug Research and Development Department, Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tse Kathy Wai Gaun
- New Drug Research and Development Department, Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen T, Zhong F, Yao C, Chen J, Xiang Y, Dong J, Yan Z, Ma Y. A Systematic Review on Traditional Uses, Sources, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:1536534. [PMID: 33273948 PMCID: PMC7676930 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1536534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (known as chuanbeimu in Chinese, FCB) is a famous folk medicine which has been widely used to relieve cough and eliminate phlegm for thousands of years in China. The medicine originates from dried bulbs of six species of Fritillaria which are distributed in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Increasing attention has been paid to FCB because of its excellent medicinal value such as being antitussive, expectorant, analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative. During the past years, a large number of research studies have been conducted to investigate the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of FCB. A range of compounds have been isolated and identified from FCB, including alkaloids, saponins, nucleosides, organic acids, terpenoids, and sterols. Among them, alkaloids as the main active ingredient have been illustrated to exert significant therapeutic effects on many diseases such as cancer, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Due to the excellent medical value and low toxicity, FCB has a huge market all over the world and triggers a growing enthusiasm among researchers. However, there is still a lack of systematic review. Hence, in this work, we reviewed the FCB-based articles published in Sci Finder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and other databases in the recent years. The traditional uses, sources, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of FCB were discussed in the review, which aims to provide a reference for further development and utilization of FCB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiqing Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jijing Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma R, Xu S, Chen Y, Guo F, Wu R. Allometric relationships between leaf and bulb traits of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. grown at different altitudes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239427. [PMID: 33017404 PMCID: PMC7535033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants adapt to high altitudes by adjusting the characteristics of their above and underground organs. Identifying the species-specific plant traits changed in response to altitude is essential for understanding ecophysiological processes at the ecosystem level. Multiple studies analyzed the effects of altitude on above and underground organ traits in different species. Yet, little is known about those responses in the alpine Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. (Liliaceae). F. przewalskii is a perennial medicinal plant with meager annual growth and vanishing wild populations. We analyzed leaf and bulb functional traits, and their allometric relationships in F. przewalskii plants grown at three altitudes: 3000, 2700, and 2400 m. Leaf thickness, leaf biomass, leaf biomass allocation, and the aboveground:underground ratio increased significantly with increasing altitude. Conversely, bulb allocation decreased at higher altitudes. The altitude influenced the allometric growth trajectories of specific leaf and bulb traits: higher altitudes led to thicker and broader leaves and changed the shape of the bulbs from more circular, which is ideal (at 2700 m), to more elongated (at 3000 m). Those variations had remarkable ecological significance. Hence, bulb biomass is the largest at 2700 m of altitude for which their vertical and longitudinal ratio is unaffected. which is economically favorable. Our findings show that F. przewalskii has a notable potential of growth and morphological plasticity along the altitude gradient and that 2700 m might be ideal for developing its artificial cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Ma
- Qinghai University Medical College, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xi′ning, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengrong Xu
- Qinghai University Medical College, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xi′ning, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (FG)
| | - Fengxia Guo
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (FG)
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu FJ, Jiang Y, Li P, Liu YD, Xin GZ, Yao ZP, Li HJ. Diagnostic fragmentation-assisted mass spectral networking coupled with in silico dereplication for deep annotation of steroidal alkaloids in medicinal Fritillariae Bulbus. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4528. [PMID: 32559823 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fully understanding the chemicals in an herbal medicine remains a challenging task. Molecular networking (MN) allows to organize tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data in complex samples by mass spectral similarity, which yet suffers from low coverage and accuracy of compound annotation due to the size limitation of available databases and differentiation obstacle of similar chemical scaffolds. In this work, an enhanced MN-based strategy named diagnostic fragmentation-assisted molecular networking coupled with in silico dereplication (DFMN-ISD) was introduced to overcome these obstacles: the rule-based fragmentation patterns provide insights into similar chemical scaffolds, the generated in silico candidates based on metabolic reactions expand the available natural product databases, and the in silico annotation method facilitates the further dereplication of candidates by computing their fragmentation trees. As a case, this approach was applied to globally profile the steroidal alkaloids in Fritillariae bulbus, a commonly used antitussive and expectorant herbal medicine. Consequently, a total of 325 steroidal alkaloids were discovered, including 106 cis-D/E-cevanines, 142 trans-D/E-cevanines, 29 jervines, 23 veratramines, and 25 verazines. And 10 of them were confirmed by available reference standards. Approximately 70% of the putative steroidal alkaloids have never been reported in previous publications, demonstrating the benefit of DFMN-ISD approach for the comprehensive characterization of chemicals in a complex plant organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yang-Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu FJ, Jiang Y, Li P, Liu YD, Yao ZP, Xin GZ, Li HJ. Untargeted metabolomics coupled with chemometric analysis reveals species-specific steroidal alkaloids for the authentication of medicinal Fritillariae Bulbus and relevant products. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1612:460630. [PMID: 31677768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Authentication of original species is embedded in the quality control system of herbal medicines. In this work, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics coupled with chemometric analysis was utilized for the precise authentication of the Fritillaria species for both raw materials and commercial products. First, a stepwise difference-enlarging chemometric analysis strategy was proposed to analyze eight medicinal Fritillaria species. Subsequently, 21 species-specific markers were discovered and the specificity was investigated under different sample preparation methods. Finally, the obtained species-specific markers were successfully utilized to identify the Fritillaria species in commercially relevant products. This work is the first to report robust and specific markers for authentication of Fritillaria products, showing promise for tracking the supply chain of herbal suppliers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yang-Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhong Y, Wang H, Wei Q, Cao R, Zhang H, He Y, Wang L. Combining DNA Barcoding and HPLC Fingerprints to Trace Species of an Important Traditional Chinese Medicine Fritillariae Bulbus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183269. [PMID: 31500338 PMCID: PMC6766824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fritillariae Bulbus is a precious Chinese herbal medicine that is grown at high elevation and used to relieve coughs, remove phlegm, and nourish the lungs. Historically, Fritillariae Bulbus has been divided into two odourless crude drugs: Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus. However, now the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has described five Fritillariae Bulbus—the new additions include Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus, Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus, and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus. Because the morphology of dried Fritillariae Bulbus is similar, it is difficult to accurately identify the different types of Fritillariae Bulbus. In the current study, we develop a method combining DNA barcoding and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to help distinguish Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus from other Fritillariae Bulbus and guarantee species traceability of the five types of Fritillariae Bulbus. We report on the validation of an integrated analysis method for plant species identification using DNA barcoding that is based on genetic distance, identification efficiency, inter- and intra-specific variation, calculated nearest distance, neighbour-joining tree and barcoding gap. Our results show that the DNA barcoding data successfully identified the five Fritillariae Bulbus by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and ITS2, with the ability to distinguish the species origin of these Fritillariae Bulbus. ITS2 can serve as a potentially useful DNA barcode for the Fritillaria species. Additionally, the effective chemical constituents are identified by HPLC combined with a chemical identification method to classify Fritillaria. The HPLC fingerprint data and HCA (hierarchical clustering analysis) show that Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus is clearly different from Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus, but there is no difference between Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus, and Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus. These results show that DNA barcoding and HPLC fingerprinting can discriminate between the five Fritillariae Bulbus types and trace species to identify related species that are genetically similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qianhe Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yongzhi He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Geng Z, Liu Y, Gou Y, Zhou Q, He C, Guo L, Zhou J, Xiong L. Metabolomics Study of Cultivated Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae at Different Growth Stages using UHPLC-QTOF-MS Coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:290-299. [PMID: 29336082 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae (known as Chuān bèi mǔ in China, BFC) contain fritillaria steroidal alkaloids as the bioactive ingredients and are widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cough and phlegm. Due to limited wild resources, the cultivated species are becoming predominantly used in Chinese traditional medicine markets. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of different growth stages on the alkaloids of cultivated BFC and establish a reference for quality control and guidance for appropriate harvesting practices. METHODS The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) metabolomic strategy was applied to determine potential chemical markers for the discrimination and quality control of cultivated BFC in different growth stages. The molecular feature extraction and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to alkaloid extraction and full metabolomic profiling of cultivated BFC for classification and marker compound characterisation. RESULT This approach allowed the establishment of a fast and efficient comparative multivariate analysis of the metabolite composition of 42 samples covering growth of cultivated BFC ranging in age from one to seven years old. Four alkaloid compounds were identified in cultivated BFC based on accurate mass, retention time, and MS/MS fragments. These compounds may be used as potential chemical markers for the classification and discrimination of cultivated BFC samples indifferent growth stages. CONCLUSIONS The proposed analytical method in combination with multivariate statistical analysis comprised a useful and powerful strategy to explore the chemical ingredients and transforming mechanisms of cultivated BFC and for quality evaluation and control. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Geng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - YiFei Liu
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gou
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - QinMei Zhou
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - ChengJun He
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy reveals the underlying compositions for FT-NIR identification of the medicinal bulbs of the genus Fritillaria. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Luo D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang L, Duan B. Rapid identification of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its adulterants by UPLC-ELSD fingerprint combined with chemometrics methods. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Wu X, Chan SW, Ma J, Li P, Shaw PC, Lin G. Investigation of association of chemical profiles with the tracheobronchial relaxant activity of Chinese medicinal herb Beimu derived from various Fritillaria species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:39-46. [PMID: 28842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu in Chinese) is derived from the bulbus of many Fritillaria species (family Liliaceae), which has been used as an antitussive herb in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Due to the complexity of plant origins and significant variations in chemical profiles, the characterization of the profile of the major bioactive constituents and its association with pharmacological activity are important for the quality control of Beimu herbs from different origins. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the distribution of major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids in Beimu herbs of different origins and its correlation with the tracheobronchial relaxant activity. METHODS Quantification of 7 main bioactive 5α-cevanine isosteroidal alkaloids, including ebeiedine, ebeiedinone, hupehenine, isoverticine, verticine, verticinone and imperialine, in 23 Fritillaria species was performed using gas chromatography. The relaxant effect of different extracts of 4 commonly used Beimu herbs, namely Zhe-Beimu (F. thunbergii Miq.), Chuan-Beimu (F. cirrhosa D. Don), Hubei-Beimu (F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia) and Yi-Beimu (F. pallidiflora Schrenk), was evaluated using rat isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations pre-contracted with carbachol, the well established in vitro antitussive model. RESULTS Amongst 23 Fritillaria species detected, significant variations of the types and quantities of 7 major isosteroidal alkaloids were determined, which served as an important indicator for the classification of different Beimu herbs with distinct geographic distributions. Based on the type and quantity of these alkaloids, different origins of Beimu could be clearly clustered into several subgroups by principal component analysis. Furthermore, both crude alkaloid and water extracts of all 4 Beimu herbs showed a dose-dependent tracheobronchial relaxation with different potencies. The total content of alkaloids (weight adjusted based on the activity of individual alkaloids) in Beimu extracts significantly correlated with their tracheobronchial relaxation effects (r2 > 0.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the differences in chemical profile of major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids and pharmacological activity of Beimu could be incorporated into a simple and unified method for quality control and potential prediction of activity of Beimu herbs from different origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Sun G, Hou Z, Yan B, Zhang J. Evaluation of the quality consistency of powdered poppy capsule extractive by an averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method in combination with antioxidant activities and two compounds analyses. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4511-4520. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical engineering; Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College; Shijiazhuang P. R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kiani M, Mohammadi S, Babaei A, Sefidkon F, Naghavi MR, Ranjbar M, Razavi SA, Saeidi K, Jafari H, Asgari D, Potter D. Iran supports a great share of biodiversity and floristic endemism for Fritillaria spp. (Liliaceae): A review. PLANT DIVERSITY 2017; 39:245-262. [PMID: 30159518 PMCID: PMC6112302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iran supports a great share of exotic and/or endemic plant genera and species. The genus Fritillaria (Liliaceae) is a precious part of this botanical richness with 19 species, of which 10 are endemic to the country. However, signs are mounting that the country is truly at a crossroads when it comes to preservation of this national wealth. In this regard, an effective conservation strategy should thoroughly consider the classification of Fritillaria, as conservation practices are compromised by knowledge gaps in systematics and taxonomy. As published studies on Fritillaria in Iran have been sporadic and limited in scope, the aim of this review is to provide information necessary to help bridge these information gaps. Our objective is to facilitate increased understanding of the geographic, taxonomic, cytogenetic and phylogenetic status of Iranian Fritillaria, which is vital to meeting the goal of sustainable conservation of the genus in Iran and neighboring areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kiani
- Department of Biotechnology & Medicinal Plants, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Shirin Mohammadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Babaei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohamad Reza Naghavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Biotechnology & Medicinal Plants, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Razavi
- Department of Biotechnology & Medicinal Plants, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Keramatollah Saeidi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahre Kord University, Shahre Kord, Iran
| | - Hadi Jafari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Asgari
- Department of Physiology & Breeding of Ornamental Plants, Engineering Faculty of Horticulture Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zargaran A, Sakhteman A, Faridi P, Daneshamouz S, Akbarizadeh AR, Borhani-Haghighi A, Mohagheghzadeh A. Reformulation of Traditional Chamomile Oil: Quality Controls and Fingerprint Presentation Based on Cluster Analysis of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectral Data. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:707-714. [PMID: 28585466 PMCID: PMC5871287 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217710982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal oils have been widely used in Iran as medicinal compounds dating back to thousands of years in Iran. Chamomile oil is widely used as an example of traditional oil. We remade chamomile oils and tried to modify it with current knowledge and facilities. Six types of oil (traditional and modified) were prepared. Microbial limit tests and physicochemical tests were performed on them. Also, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis were done on the spectral data of attenuated total reflectance-infrared in order to obtain insight based on classification pattern of the samples. The results show that we can use modified versions of the chamomile oils (modified Clevenger-type apparatus method and microwave method) with the same content of traditional ones and with less microbial contaminations and better physicochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Zargaran
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,2 Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouya Faridi
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,4 Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Daneshamouz
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
- 6 Clinical Neurology Research Center and Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou M, Ma X, Ding G, Wang Z, Liu D, Tong Y, Zhou H, Gao J, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. Comparison and evaluation of antimuscarinic and anti-inflammatory effects of five Bulbus fritillariae species based on UPLC-Q/TOF integrated dual-luciferase reporter assay, PCA and ANN analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1041-1042:60-69. [PMID: 28012380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many species of Bulbus fritillariae are used as traditional medicines for thousands of years; however, their application is not standardized. To clarify the differences and homologies, the antimuscarinic and anti-inflammatory effects of five BM species were firstly tested and compared at cellular level. With an integrated strategy combining UPLC-Q/TOF MS, PCA and ANN analysis, the active ingredients among 28 different chemical markers were predicted and identified. SB and QB extracts showed the best antimuscarinic effects and several steroidal alkaloids, such as solanidine, contributed to this effects. However, ZB was superior to reduce the inflammatory response. Another five components were responsible by decreasing the expression of NF-κB, including puqiedine, zhepeiresinol, 2-monopalmitin, N-demethylpuqietinone, and isoverticine. More novelty, a new cluster of five BM species based on active ingredients as potential quality markers was depicted to illustrate their functions. These results of the study could make a reference for the medicinal application of BM species in clinic; and the integrated strategy provided an effective method to obtain the quality markers from medical herbs, which was helpful for the quality control of traditional medicinal products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- No. 6 TCM Factory, Zhongxin Pharmaceuticals, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongling Tong
- No. 6 TCM Factory, Zhongxin Pharmaceuticals, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- No. 6 TCM Factory, Zhongxin Pharmaceuticals, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Wang J, Hu S, Bai X. Hollow-fiber double-solvent synergistic microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of antitumor alkaloids inCoptis chinensis. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:827-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Musharraf SG, Goher M, Zareena B. Quantification of steroidal alkaloids in Buxus papillosa using electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Steroids 2015; 100:5-10. [PMID: 25862613 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Buxus papillosa is one of the most extensively studied species of the genus Buxus known to possess steroidal alkaloids which can be used for assessing the various pharmacological activities of this plant. This paper describes the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QQQ-MS) method for the quantification of six steroidal alkaloids as chemical markers in the extracts of leaves, roots and stems of B. papillosa. Quantitative MS/MS analysis was carried out by optimization of the most sensitive transition for each analyte. This has yielded detection and quantification limits of 0.486-8.08 ng/mL and 1.473-24.268 ng/mL, respectively for all analytes. Linearity of response was also achieved and the regression coefficient found to be >0.99 for all analyzed compounds. The newly developed MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) method showed excellent sensitivity for the quantification of steroidal alkaloids within 15 min run time. This paper describes the application of LC-QQQ-MS technique for steroidal alkaloids analysis in plant samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Madiha Goher
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bibi Zareena
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng L, Cong HJ, Wu B, Xue M, Xiang T, Yao ZQ, Lin WH. HPLC–Q-TOF–MS/MS Analysis of the Constituents in the Rat Biological Fluids After Oral Administration of Qing Ru Xiao granules. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1562-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
26
|
Jiao L, Wang X, Bing S, Wang L, Li H. The Application of Dynamic Time Warping to the Quality Evaluation of Radix Puerariae thomsonii: Correcting Retention Time Shift in the Chromatographic Fingerprints. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:968-73. [PMID: 25432965 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of dynamic time warping (DTW) to the correction of retention time shift in chromatographic fingerprints of Radix Puerariae thomsonii (RPT) was studied. The fingerprints of 27 RPT samples were established with their entire chromatograms. Because there is retention time shift in the obtained fingerprints, the quality of these samples cannot be correctly evaluated by applying similarity estimation and principal component analysis (PCA) to the unaligned fingerprints. Hence, the fingerprints were aligned by using DTW method. After alignment, the retention time shift was corrected satisfactorily and the quality of these RPT samples was correctly evaluated. It is demonstrated that DTW is a practical method for aligning the chromatographic fingerprints of RPT samples. The combination of similarity estimation, PCA and DTW is shown to be a promising method for evaluating the quality of herbal medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Shan Bing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song XY, Li YD, Shi YP, Jin L, Chen J. Quality control of traditional Chinese medicines: a review. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:596-607. [PMID: 24345500 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are in great demand all over the world, especially in the developing world, for primary health care due to their superior merits such as low cost, minimal side effects, better cultural acceptability, and compatibility with humans. However, Chinese medicines consist of several herbs which may contain tens, hundreds, or even thousands of constituents. How these constituents interact with each other, and what the special active ones are, may be the biggest bottleneck for the modernization and globalization of TCMs. Valid methods to evaluate the quality of TCMs are therefore essential and should be promoted and be developed further through advanced separation and chromatography techniques. This paper reviews the strategies used to control the quality of TCMs in a progressive perspective, from selecting single or several ingredients as the evaluation marker, to using different kinds of chromatography fingerprint methods. In summary, the analysis and quality control of TCMs are developing in a more effective and comprehensive manner to better address the inherent holistic nature of TCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying-Dong Li
- Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang ZF, Lu LY, Liu Y. Comparing major alkaloids of Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbs (FHB) and congeneric plants by HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-ESI-MS(n). Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1171-5. [PMID: 24896191 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.921917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the study, the major alkaloids from Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbs (FHB) have been analysed for the first time by the combined use of the following two methods: the simultaneous quantitation of three alkaloids by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) and the simultaneous characterisation of seven alkaloids by using HPLC coupled with electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry analysers detection (HPLC-ESI-MS(n)). The other four congeneric species were compared by using the established method. Both correlation coefficients of similarity in chromatograms were calculated for quantitative expression of HPLC profiles. The results revealed that the chromatogram profile combining similarity evaluation could efficiently identify and distinguish FHB from other different origins of Fritillaria species. The established method was considered to be suitable for checking the genuine origin and quality control of FHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhang
- a Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan Province , P.R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang H, Liu L, Gao W, Liu K, Qi LW, Li P. Direct and comprehensive analysis of ginsenosides and diterpene alkaloids in Shenfu injection by combinatory liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
30
|
Xin GZ, Hu B, Shi ZQ, Lam YC, Dong TTX, Li P, Yao ZP, Tsim KW. Rapid identification of plant materials by wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and a strategy to differentiate the bulbs of Fritillaria. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 820:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
31
|
Authentication of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae by RAPD-derived DNA markers. Molecules 2014; 19:3450-9. [PMID: 24658569 PMCID: PMC6271880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulbus Fritillariae is the most commonly used antitussive herb in China. Eleven species of Fritillaria are recorded as Bulbus Fritillariae in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is a group of six Fritillaria species with higher efficiency and lower toxicity derived mainly from wild sources. Because of their higher market price, five other Fritillaria species are often sold deceptively as Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae in the herbal market. To ensure the efficacy and safety of medicinal herbs, the authentication of botanical resources is the first step in quality control. Here, a DNA based identification method was developed to authenticate the commercial sources of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. A putative DNA marker (0.65 kb) specific for Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae was identified using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A DNA marker representing a Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) was developed from a RAPD amplicon. The SCAR marker was successfully applied to differentiate Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae from different species of Fritillaria. Additionally, the SCAR marker was also useful in identifying the commercial samples of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. Our results indicated that the RAPD-SCAR method was rapid, accurate and applicable in identifying Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae at the DNA level.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hao DC, Gu XJ, Xiao PG, Peng Y. Phytochemical and biological research of Fritillaria medicine resources. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:330-44. [PMID: 23845541 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus Fritillaria is a botanical source for various pharmaceutically active components, which have been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Increasing interest in Fritillaria medicinal resources has led to additional discoveries of steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and many other compounds in various Fritillaria species, and to investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. In continuation of studies on Fritillaria pharmacophylogeny, the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology and phylogeny of Fritillaria and their relevance to drug efficacy is reviewed. Literature searching is used to characterize the global scientific effort in the flexible technologies being applied. The interrelationship within Chinese Bei Mu species and between Chinese species, and species distributed outside of China, is clarified by the molecular phylogenetic inferences based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. The incongruence between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny is revealed and discussed. It is essential to study more species for both the sustainable utilization of Fritillaria medicinal resources and for finding novel compounds with potential clinical utility. Systems biology and omics technologies will play an increasingly important role in future pharmaceutical research involving the bioactive compounds of Fritillaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matsuo Y, Shinoda D, Nakamaru A, Mimaki Y. Steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris and their cytotoxic activities. Steroids 2013; 78:670-82. [PMID: 23499825 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal glycosides (1-18), including 10 new compounds (1-10), were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris (Liliaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined by two-dimensional (2D) NMR analysis, and by hydrolytic cleavage followed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. The isolated compounds and their aglycones were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Morphological observation and flow cytometry analysis showed that 5β-spirostanol glycoside (2) and a cholestane derivative (17a) induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells through different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the (22R)-spirosolanol glycoside (11) selectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells without affecting the caspase-3 activity level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuo
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xue X, Li L, Chen X, Hu S, Bai X. Hollow fiber cell fishing with high performance liquid chromatography for screening bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1280:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Musharraf SG, Goher M, Shahnaz S, Choudhary MI. Structure-fragmentation relationship and rapid dereplication of Buxus steroidal alkaloids by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:169-178. [PMID: 23239331 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tandem mass spectrometric studies of natural products revealed the identification of key fragments which can be helpful for their rapid dereplication in plant extracts utilizing a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) approach, particularly for the thermally labile compounds. The knowledge of the collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation pattern of the molecule is essentially required prior to the analysis by LC/MS/MS. METHODS The fragmentation patterns of eleven Buxus steroidal alkaloids were studied by using a positive ion electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS) hybrid instrument. Chromatographic separation of a Buxus papillosa extract was achieved using a capillary HPLC system coupled with the mass instrument. RESULTS ESI-QqTOF-MS (positive ion mode) showed the presence of several characteristic fragments which can be used to rapidly identify various classes of Buxus steroidal alkaloids. The presence of a cyclopropane ring in the cycloartenol skeleton and the hydroxyl group at C-10 was found to effect on the fragmentation pattern and afford characteristic peaks. This study distinguishes between different types of Buxus steroidal alkaloids based on logical fragmentation pathways. This strategy was successfully applied in LC/ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS analysis of Buxus papillosa extract to investigate and characterize Buxus steroidal alkaloids and 14 compounds were identified as steroidal alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of the fragmentation pattern was used for the rapid identification of this bioactive group of biosynthetically unique steroidal alkaloids in complex plant extracts of Buxus species, especially in the absence of any reference material, by combining key fragments, exact mass measurements and relative abundances of diagnostic fragment ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gao W, Yang H, Qi LW, Liu EH, Ren MT, Yan YT, Chen J, Li P. Unbiased metabolite profiling by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis for herbal authentication: Classification of seven Lonicera species flower buds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1245:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
37
|
Li X, Gao W, Jiang Q, Hao J, Guo X, Huang L. Physicochemical, morphological, structural, and thermal characteristics of starches separated fromBulbus fritillariaof different cultivars. STARCH-STARKE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
38
|
Lu M, Cai Z. Advances of MALDI-TOF MS in the Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:143-64. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
39
|
Musharraf SG, Goher M, Ali A, Adhikari A, Choudhary MI. Rapid characterization and identification of steroidal alkaloids in Sarcococca coriacea using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadropole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Steroids 2012; 77:138-48. [PMID: 22093483 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid characterization of 23 pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids was studied using a positive ion electrospray ionization quadropole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS) hybrid instrument. ESI-QqTOF-MS (positive ion mode) showed the presence of the protonated molecules [M+H](+) which through low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometric (CID-MS/MS) analysis showed the characteristic loss of dimethylamine moiety [M+H-45](+) followed by the sequential lossess of attached substituents. Steroidal alkaloids having tigloyl or senecioyl group at C-3 produced diagnostic fragment ions at m/z 100 and 83. Our study also demonstrates the influence of unsaturation, and number and nature of substitutents on product ion abundance and fragment ions. Moreover, the generalization of the fragmentation pattern was linked with the structural features in steroidal skeleton. This strategy was successfully applied in LC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS analysis of Sarcococca coriacea extract to investigate and characterize pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids in complex mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Simultaneous qualification and quantification of baccharane glycosides in Impatientis Semen by HPLC–ESI-MSD and HPLC–ELSD. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:674-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
41
|
Liu G, Dong J, Wang H, Hashi Y, Chen S. Characterization of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 54:1065-72. [PMID: 21227622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sophora flavescens Ait., a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of viral hepatitis, cancer, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and skin diseases. This paper is the first report on a method based on the combined use of high-performance liquid chromatography, photodiode array detection, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the comprehensive and systematic separation and characterization of bioactive alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. A total of 22 constituents were identified on the basis of the extracted ion chromatograms for different [M+H](+) ions of the alkaloids present in S. flavescens Ait. Among these, 5 constituents were unambiguously identified by comparing the experimental data on their retention times and MS(n) spectra with those of the authentic compounds, and 17 other constituents were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS(n) fragmentation behaviors and/or molecular weight information from literatures. Furthermore, some characteristic fragmentation pathways of the alkaloids in S. flavescens Ait. were detected and examined. This information may be useful for characterizing the bioactive alkaloids present in S. flavescens Ait. and for possible applications in formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao XW, Li J, Chen SB, Li XB, Xiao PG, Chen SL, Yang DJ. Simultaneous determination of nine nucleosides and nucleobases in different Fritillaria species by HPLC-diode array detector. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1587-94. [PMID: 20405484 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable HPLC-diode-array detector method was developed for the first time to simultaneously determine nine nucleosides and nucleobases including uracil, cytidine, guanine, uridine, thymine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine and adenosine in 13 different Fritillaria species. The analysis was performed on a BaseLine C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile in water at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The diode-array detector wavelength was set at 260 nm for the UV detection of nucleosides and nucleobases. Satisfactory separation of these compounds was obtained in less than 40 min. The optimized method provided good linear relation (r(2)>0.9995 for all the investigated analytes), satisfactory precision (RSD <1.51%) and good recovery (from 97.64 to 101.16%). The established method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of nine nucleosides and nucleobases in 61 batches of samples from 13 Fritillaria species collected from different habitats in China, which could be helpful to control the quality of Fritillaria bulbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Herbal medicine analysis by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7582-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|