1
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Griffiths WJ, Yutuc E, Wang Y. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Cholesterol and Oxysterols. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:73-87. [PMID: 38036876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a new technique in the toolbox of the analytical biochemist. It allows the generation of a compound-specific image from a tissue slice where a measure of compound abundance is given pixel by pixel, usually displayed on a color scale. As mass spectra are recorded at each pixel, the data can be interrogated to generate images of multiple different compounds all in the same experiment. Mass spectrometry (MS) requires the ionization of analytes, but cholesterol and other neutral sterols tend to be poorly ionized by the techniques employed in most MSI experiments, so despite their high abundance in mammalian tissues, cholesterol is poorly represented in the MSI literature. In this chapter, we discuss some of the MSI studies where cholesterol has been imaged and introduce newer methods for its analysis by MSI. Disturbed cholesterol metabolism is linked to many disorders, and the potential of MSI to study cholesterol, its precursors, and its metabolites in animal models and from human biopsies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eylan Yutuc
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, UK
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2
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Sigurjónsson S, Haraldsson GG. Asymmetric Synthesis of Methoxylated Ether Lipids: Total Synthesis of Polyunsaturated C18:3 Omega-3 and Omega-6 MEL Triene Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 29:223. [PMID: 38202806 PMCID: PMC10780507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of polyunsaturated triene C18:3 n-3 and C18:3 n-6 methoxylated ether lipids (MEL) of the 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol type is described as possible structural candidates for a triene C18:3 MEL of an unknown identity found in a mixture of shark and dogfish liver oil. Their C18:3 hydrocarbon chains constitute an all-cis methylene skipped n-3 or n-6 triene framework, along with a methoxyl group at the 2'-position and R-configuration of the resulting stereogenic center. The methoxylated polyenes are attached by an ether linkage to the pro-S hydroxymethyl group of the glycerol backbone. The syntheses were based on the polyacetylene approach that involves a semi-hydrogenation of the resulting triynes. Both syntheses were started from our previously described enantio- and diastereomerically pure isopropylidene-protected glyceryl glycidyl ether, a double-C3 building block that was designed as a head group synthon for the synthesis of various types of MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudmundur G. Haraldsson
- Chemistry Department, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland;
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3
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Tryon-Tasson N, Ryoo D, Eor P, Anderson JL. Silver-mediated separations: A comprehensive review on advancements of argentation chromatography, facilitated transport membranes, and solid-phase extraction techniques and their applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464133. [PMID: 37329654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of silver(I) ions in chemical separations, also known as argentation separations, is a powerful approach for the selective separation and analysis of many natural and synthetic organic compounds. In this review, a comprehensive discussion of the most common argentation separation techniques, including argentation-liquid chromatography (Ag-LC), argentation-gas chromatography (Ag-GC), argentation-facilitated transport membranes (Ag-FTMs), and argentation-solid phase extraction (Ag-SPE) is provided. For each of these techniques, notable advancements, optimized separations, and innovative applications are discussed. The review begins with an explanation of the fundamental chemistry underlying argentation separations, mainly the reversible π-complexation between silver(I) ions and carbon-carbon double bonds. Within Ag-LC, the use of silver(I) ions in thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as preparative LC are explored. This discussion focuses on how silver(I) ions are employed in the stationary and mobile phase to separate unsaturated compounds. For Ag-GC and Ag-FTMs, different silver compounds and supporting media are discussed, often with relation to olefin-paraffin separations. Ag-SPE has been widely employed for the selective extraction of unsaturated compounds from complex matrices in sample preparation. This comprehensive review of Ag-LC, Ag-GC, Ag-FTMs, and Ag-SPE techniques emphasizes the immense potential of argentation separations in separations science and serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking to learn, optimize, and utilize argentation separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tryon-Tasson
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Donghyun Ryoo
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Philip Eor
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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4
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Vrkoslav V, Horká P, Jindřich J, Buděšínský M, Cvačka J. Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Analyzing Cuticular Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093794. [PMID: 37175204 PMCID: PMC10179885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are usually analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, analyzing long-chain HCs by GC is difficult because of their low volatility and the risk of decomposition at high temperatures. MALDI cannot distinguish between isomeric HCs. An alternative approach based on silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) is shown here. The separation of HC standards and cuticular HCs was accomplished using two ChromSpher Lipids columns connected in series. A gradient elution of the analytes was optimized using mobile phases prepared from hexane (or isooctane) and acetonitrile, 2-propanol, or toluene. HCs were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Good separation of the analytes according to the number of double bonds, cis/trans geometry, and position of double bonds was achieved. The retention times increased with the number of double bonds, and trans isomers eluted ahead of cis isomers. The mobile phase significantly affected the mass spectra of HCs. Depending on the mobile phase composition, deprotonated molecules, molecular ions, protonated molecules, and various solvent-related adducts of HCs were observed. The optimized Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS was applied for characterizing cuticular HCs from a flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata, and cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The method made it possible to detect a significantly higher number of HCs than previously reported for GC or MALDI-MS. Unsaturated HCs were frequently detected as isomers differing by double-bond position(s). Minor HCs with trans double bonds were found beside the prevailing cis isomers. Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS has great potential to become a new tool in chemical ecology for studying cuticular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Sigurjónsson S, Lúthersson E, Magnússon CD, Gudmundsson HG, Das E, Haraldsson GG. Asymmetric Synthesis of Methoxylated Ether Lipids: Total Synthesis of n-3 Polyunsaturated Docosahexaenoic Acid-Like Methoxylated Ether Lipid. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14623-14635. [PMID: 36279500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-like methoxylated ether lipid (MEL) is reported. This compound constitutes an all-cis methylene skipped hexaene framework identical to that present in DHA, the well-known omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The polyene C22 hydrocarbon chain, bearing a methoxyl group in the 2-position and R-configuration at the resulting chiral center, is attached by an ether linkage to the pro-S hydroxymethyl group (sn-1 position) of a glycerol backbone. The asymmetric synthesis is highly convergent and based on the polyacetylene approach involving iterative copper-promoted coupling reactions of propargyl bromides with terminal alkynes and semihydrogenation of the resulting hexayne. Starting from enantiopure R-solketal and racemic epichlorohydrin, the targeted MEL was accomplished in an 8.2% yield over eight steps (longest linear sequence) involving an enantio- and diastereopure glyceryl glycidyl ether key C6-building blocks from which the polyynes were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Einar Lúthersson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Carlos D Magnússon
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Science and Mathematics, Volda University College, P.O. Box 500, 6101 Volda, Norway
| | | | - Erika Das
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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6
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Quantitative determination of sn-positional phospholipid isomers in MS n using silver cationization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7473-7482. [PMID: 35731255 PMCID: PMC9482905 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids are one of the fundamental building blocks for life. The acyl chain connectivity to the glycerol backbone constitutes different sn-positional isomers, which have great diversity and importance for biological function. However, to fully realize their impact on function, analytical techniques that can identify and quantify sn-positional isomers in chemically complex biological samples are needed. Here, we utilize silver ion cationization in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) to identify sn-positional isomers of phosphatidylcholine (PC) species. In particular, a labile carbocation is generated through a neutral loss (NL) of AgH, the dissociation of which provides diagnostic product ions that correspond to acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The method is comparable to currently available methods, has a sensitivity in the nM–µM range, and is compatible with quantitative imaging using mass spectrometry in MS4. The results reveal a large difference in isomer concentrations and the ion images show that the sn-positional isomers PC 18:1_18:0 are homogeneously distributed, whereas PC 18:1_16:0 and PC 20:1_16:0 show distinct localizations to sub-hippocampal structures.
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7
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Regio- and Stereospecific Analysis of Triacylglycerols—A Brief Overview of the Challenges and the Achievements. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efforts to reveal, in detail, the molecular and intramolecular structures of one of the main lipid classes, namely, triacyl-sn-glycerols, which are now known to affect their specific and important role in all living organisms, are briefly overviewed. Some milestones of significance in the gradual but continuous development and improvement of the analytical methodology to identify the triacylglycerol regio- and stereoisomers in complex lipid samples are traced throughout the years: the use of chromatography based on different separation principles; the improvements in the chromatographic technique; the development and use of different detection techniques; the attempts to simplify and automatize the analysis without losing the accuracy of identification. The spectacular recent achievements of two- and multidimensional methods used as tools in lipidomics are presented.
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8
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Selective Separation of Polar Unsaturated Organics Using a Water Stationary Phase in Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) remains the reference method to generate molecular images of proteins and lipids within thin tissue sections. However, traditional MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) suffers from low matrix homogeneity and high signal background in low mass range caused by matrix signals. To overcome these issues, alternative workflow and methods have been developed. Of these, metal-assisted laser desorption ionization (LDI) has become a reference technique to ionize low molecular weight compounds while allowing IMS at very high spatial resolutions with very low background signal in the low mass range. Silver and gold remain the two most used metals for the detection of neutral lipids including cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. In this chapter, we demonstrate the potential of metal-assisted LDI IMS through the analysis of spinal cord and kidney thin tissue sections after silver and gold metal deposition. We also detail typical step-by-step workflows and discuss the strength of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Comparison of TLC, HPLC, and direct-infusion ESI-MS methods for the identification and quantification of diacylglycerol molecular species. Methods Enzymol 2022; 683:191-224. [PMID: 37087188 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are anabolic precursors to membrane lipid and storage triacylglycerol biosynthesis, metabolic intermediates of lipid catabolism, and potent cellular signaling molecules. The different DAG molecular species that accumulate over development or in different tissues reflect the changing aspects of cellular lipid metabolism. Consequently, an accurate determination of DAG molecular species in biological samples is essential to understand various metabolic processes and their diagnostic relevance. However, quantification of DAG molecular species in various biological samples represents a challenging task because of their low abundance, hydrophobicity, and instability. This chapter describes the most common chromatographic (TLC and HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) methods used to analyze DAG molecular species. In addition, we directly compared the three methods using DAG obtained by phospholipase C hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine purified from a Nicotiana benthamiana leaf extract. We conclude that each method identified similar major molecular species, however, the exact levels of those varied mainly due to sensitivity of the technique, differences in sample preparation, and processing. This chapter provides three different methods to analyze DAG molecular species, and the discussion of the benefits and challenges of each technique will aid in choosing the right method for your analysis.
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11
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Patalano R, Roberts P, Boivin N, Petraglia MD, Mercader J. Plant wax biomarkers in human evolutionary studies. Evol Anthropol 2021; 30:385-398. [PMID: 34369041 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant wax biomarkers are an innovative proxy for reconstructing vegetation composition and structure, rainfall intensity, temperature, and other climatic and environmental dynamics. Traditionally used in earth sciences and climate studies from "off-site" ocean and lake records, biomarker research is now incorporated in archeology and paleoanthropology to answer questions relating to past human-environment interactions and human evolution. Biomarker research is generating new and exciting information on the ecological context in which Homo and its closest relatives evolved, adapted, and invented stone tool technologies. In this review, we examine plant wax biomarkers and their use in reconstructing past plant landscapes and hydroclimates. We summarize the applications of plant wax molecular proxies in archeological research, assess challenges relating to taphonomy, consider the role of modern plant ecosystems in interpreting ancient habitats, and examine case studies conducted at key paleoanthropological locations in eastern and southern Africa and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Patalano
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Archaeological Studies Program, University of Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael D Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julio Mercader
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain
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12
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Retention dependences support highly confident identification of lipid species in human plasma by reversed-phase UHPLC/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:319-331. [PMID: 34244835 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC/MS) method was developed with the aim to unambiguously identify a large number of lipid species from multiple lipid classes in human plasma. The optimized RP-UHPLC/MS method employed the C18 column with sub-2-μm particles with the total run time of 25 min. The chromatographic resolution was investigated with 42 standards from 18 lipid classes. The UHPLC system was coupled to high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer using electrospray ionization (ESI) measuring full-scan and tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) in positive- and negative-ion modes with high mass accuracy. Our identification approach was based on m/z values measured with mass accuracy within 5 ppm tolerance in the full-scan mode, characteristic fragment ions in MS/MS, and regularity in chromatographic retention dependences for individual lipid species, which provides the highest level of confidence for reported identifications of lipid species including regioisomeric and other isobaric forms. The graphs of dependences of retention times on the carbon number or on the number of double bond(s) in fatty acyl chains were constructed to support the identification of lipid species in homologous lipid series. Our list of identified lipid species is also compared with previous publications investigating human blood samples by various MS-based approaches. In total, we have reported more than 500 lipid species representing 26 polar and nonpolar lipid classes detected in NIST Standard reference material 1950 human plasma.
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13
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Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples.
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14
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Štícha M, Jelínek I, Vlk M. Chemical Conversion of Hardly Ionizable Rhenium Aryl Chlorocomplexes with p-Substituted Anilines. Molecules 2021; 26:3427. [PMID: 34198782 PMCID: PMC8201000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and selective analytical methods help to ensure the chemical identity and desired purity of the prepared complexes before their medical application, and play an indispensable role in clinical practice. Mass spectrometry, despite some limitations, is an integral part of these methods. In the context of mass spectrometry, specific problems arise with the low ionization efficiency of particular analytes. Chemical derivatization was used as one of the most effective methods to improve the analyte's response and separation characteristics. The Schotten-Baumann reaction was successfully adapted for the derivatization of ESI hardly ionizable Re(VII) bis(catechol) oxochlorocomplex. Various alkyl and halogen p-substituted anilines as possible derivatization agents were tested. Unlike the starting complex, the reaction products were easily ionizable in electrospray, providing structurally characteristic molecular and fragment anions. DFT computer modeling, which proposed significant conformation changes of prepared complexes within their deprotonation, proved to have a close link to MS spectra. High-resolution MS and MS/MS measurements complemented with collision-induced dissociation experiments for detailed specification of prepared complexes' fragmentation pathways were used. The specified fragmentation schemes were analogous for all studied derivatives, with an exception for [Re(O)(Cat)2PIPA].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Štícha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Jelínek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (I.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Mikuláš Vlk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (I.J.); (M.V.)
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15
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Methods of Lipidomic Analysis: Extraction, Derivatization, Separation, and Identification of Lipids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33791982 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Lipidomics refers to the large-scale study of pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. A lipidomic analysis often involves the identification and quantification of the thousands of cellular lipid molecular species within a complex biological sample and therefore requires a well optimized method for lipid profiling. In this chapter, the methods for lipidomic analysis, including sample collection and preparation, lipid derivatization and separation, mass spectrometric identification of lipids, data processing and interpretation, and quality control, are overviewed.
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16
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Liao S, Dillon JT, Huang C, Santos E, Huang Y. Silver (I)-dimercaptotriazine functionalized silica: A highly selective liquid chromatography stationary phase targeting unsaturated molecules. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462122. [PMID: 33853010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Silver(I)-mercaptopropyl (Ag-MP) functionalized silica gel has demonstrated its effectiveness in separating various unsaturated organic compounds including unsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), triglycerols (TAGs) and long-chain alkyl ketones (alkenones). While Ag-MP stationary phase displays many advantages over the conventional silver ion-impregnated silica gel (e.g., stability, high recovery, etc.), potential drawbacks of Ag-MP include relatively low retentions for unsaturated molecules, which could limit chromatographic resolutions under certain circumstances. In this study, we evaluate a new silver-thiolate stationary phase: silver(I)-dimercaptotriazine (Ag-DMT) functionalized silica gel targeting the separation of unsaturated compounds. We show Ag-DMT affords substantially higher retention factors, peak resolutions and capacities for TAGs and FAEEs than Ag-MP does. Ag-DMT also yields higher purity eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from fish oil FAEE mixtures than Ag-MP. In addition, Ag-DMT resolves double bond positional and cis/trans-isomers of C18:1 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as well as unsaturated methyl/ethyl alkenones with different number of double bonds. Based on van't Hoff plots, enthalpy changes during the adsorption of unsaturated FAEEs onto Ag-DMT are ~2 times higher than those on Ag-MP. Such difference may be attributed to the stronger electron-withdrawing effect of the thiol group on DMT, which results in more positively charged silver ions hence greater interactions with unsaturated molecules. The stronger interaction between double bonds and Ag-DMT is further corroborated by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Ag-DMT shows its high stability for repeated uses in the separation of TAGs over 319 runs, with peak resolutions decreasing by < 3%. Collectively, our data demonstrate the exceptionally high efficiency of Ag-DMT column for separating unsaturated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - James T Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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17
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Zhu H, Ali I, Hussain H, Hussain M, Wang XB, Song X, Luo G, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang D. Extraction and purification of cis/trans asarone from Acorus tatarinowii Schott: Accelerated solvent extraction and silver ion coordination high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462080. [PMID: 33799073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat memory and cognitive dysfunction. Because of their efficacy and lower toxic effects, research on α- and β-asarone, the phytoconstituents, has attracted attention owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities. Silver ion coordination complexation high-speed counter-current chromatography was used to separate these isomers from A. tatarinowii extract, coupled with accelerated solvent extraction. Accelerated solvent extraction parameters were investigated with single-factor and orthogonal testing. A two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (2:1:2:1, v/v) with 0.50 mol/L silver ions was selected for separation. From 2.0 g crude extract, 1.4 g of β-asarone and 0.09 g of α-asarone were obtained with purities over 98% by sequential sample loading in 20 h. The isolated compounds were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR. Silver ions significantly increased the separation factor and retention of the stationary phase. The chromatographic behavior indicated that cis-configuration was more strongly complexed with the silver ion. This was further demonstrated with the help of computational analysis. In conclusion, the established method could be employed to separate other cis-trans or E/Z isomers that form coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Xing-Bao Wang
- Training Base of State Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Jountly Constructed by Shanxi Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiangyun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ge Luo
- Shandong Wooking Instruments Co. Ltd., Dezhou 251500, China
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- Shandong Wooking Instruments Co. Ltd., Dezhou 251500, China; Jinan Hanon Instruments Co. Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Shandong Wooking Instruments Co. Ltd., Dezhou 251500, China; Jinan Hanon Instruments Co. Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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18
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Wolter M, Chen X, Woiwode U, Geibel C, Lämmerhofer M. Preparation and characterization of poly(3-mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane functionalized silica particles and their further modification for silver ion chromatography and enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462069. [PMID: 33784503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on the preparation of polythiol-functionalized silica particles by thermally and photo-initiated radical addition reactions using poly(3-mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane (PMPMS) as sulfhydryl group-rich surface modification reagent. Prior to surface modification with PMPMS, the silica was vinylized with vinyl trimethoxysilane. Finally, the usefulness of the thiolated silica particles was demonstrated by their further modification for various HPLC applications such as argentation chromatography and chiral separations. Aiming at a sulfhydryl group-rich, thin PMPMS layer on the surface of the silica several factors such as quantity of PMPMS, radical starter and reaction time were investigated by a design of experiment (DoE) approach. In thermally induced polymerization reactions 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) was used as radical starter, in photo-induced reactions 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) was used instead. The incorporation of PMPMS was evaluated by elemental analysis and reactive and accessible sulfhydryl groups were determined by performing a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (DPDS). Consequently, thiol-functionalized silica particles (200 Å, 5 µm) with 1.81 ± 0.07 µmol sulfhydryl groups per m2 were prepared and further functionalized for silver ion chromatography and chiral separation chromatography clearly proving its utility as platform for further silica functionalization. The fabricated stationary phase for silver ion chromatography showed promising separation abilities for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to the amount of double bonds within the fatty acid residue and cis- and trans-stilbene as model molecule for cis-trans isomerism. After the successful incorporation of O-tert-butylcarbamoyl quinine (tBuCQN) as chiral selector via thiol-ene click chemistry onto the PMPMS layer, the obtained chiral stationary phases (CSP) showed good separation of derivatized amino acids in polar organic elution mode comparable with a column based on commercially available CHIRALPAK QN-AX silica particles (120 Å, 5 µm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Wolter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Woiwode
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; TECHPharm GmbH, Draisstraße 14, 76646 Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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19
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Patalano R, Zech J, Roberts P. Leaf Wax Lipid Extraction for Archaeological Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e20114. [DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Patalano
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Jana Zech
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
- School of Social Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Archaeological Studies Program University of Philippines, Diliman, Quenzon City Philippines
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21
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Purification of pyrethrins from flowers of Chrysanthemum cineraraeflium by high-speed counter-current chromatography based on coordination reaction with silver nitrate. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1613:460660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Cossignani L, Pollini L, Blasi F. Invited review: Authentication of milk by direct and indirect analysis of triacylglycerol molecular species. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5871-5882. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Zhang CW, Wang CZ, Tao R, Ye JZ. Separation of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba leaves by a nano silica-based adsorbent containing silver ions. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1590:58-64. [PMID: 30712816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyprenols extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves is a kinds of unsaturated compound containing double bonds. Traditionally, the separation methods for the polyprenols are lack of selectivity and their separation efficiency are low. We synthesized two kinds of functional nano-silica containing silver ions materials (AgTCM and AgTCN) which have selectivity for unsaturated compounds to separate Ginkgo biloba leaves polyprenols for the first time. AgTCN displays exceptionally high selectivity for polyprenols and high stability under extended heat and light exposure, while silver is virtually immobile during solvent elution. Importantly, the exceptional stability of AgTCN gives rise to much higher polyprenols recovery than conventional silica gel during the chromatographic elution. In addition, we found that the adsorption of polyprenols onto the AgTCN conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetic model and AgTCN has strong affinity with polyprenols by analyzing Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin-Pyzhev, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The calculation results of thermodynamic parameters demonstrate that decrease of temperature in favor of increasing the adsorbing capacity of polyprenols onto the AgTCN, and the adsorption process of which is exothermic reaction. Our results pave the way for the novel separation methods of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Zhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Silver nanoparticles-coated monolithic column for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1585:19-26. [PMID: 30502921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on our developed sodium hyaluronate-functionalized urea-formaldehyde (HA-UF) monolith, a silver nanoparticles-coated monolithic column has been fabricated via the interaction between silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and HA. The successful coating of Ag NPs on the parent monolith was proven by SEM, EDAX, UV-vis spectrum and XPS. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms and Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distributions of the parent and resultant monolith were also performed. Due to the Ag+-like affinity interaction caused by the contact of unsaturated compounds and Ag NPs, the Ag NPs-coated monolith showed satisfactory extraction efficiency towards these compounds, and was applied for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (MUFAMEs). Several factors for in-tube SPME, such as ACN percentage in the sampling solution, elution volume, sampling and elution flow rate, were investigated with respect to the extraction efficiency of model MUFAMEs. Under the optimized SPME conditions, a simple in tube SPME-Ag+-HPLC method for detection of model MUFAMEs has been proposed, the limits of detection (LODs) were less than 5.2 μg/kg, and the recoveries of spiked French fry samples were ranged from 86.6% to 96.1% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.2%. This study provided an Ag NPs-coated monolith with good reproducibility and repeatable extraction performance, and developed an efficient method for in-tube SPME of MUFAMEs in practical food samples.
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25
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Poškus V, Vičkačkaitė V. Silver-coated monolithic silica column for separation of trans fatty acids. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vilius Poškus
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vida Vičkačkaitė
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
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26
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27
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Zhu H, Jiang H, Yu J, Song X, Zhao H, Li J, Geng Y, Wang D. Application of coordination agent in high‐speed counter‐current chromatography for the preparative separation and isolation ginkgolic acids from the sarcotesta of
Ginkgo biloba
L. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4379-4386. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Hailong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Song
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Yanling Geng
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Daijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality ControlShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
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28
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Menta S, Ciogli A, Villani C, Gasparrini F, Pierini M. Recognition mechanism of aromatic derivatives resolved by argentation chromatography: The driving role played by substituent groups. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1019:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Duncan KD, Fang R, Yuan J, Chu RK, Dey SK, Burnum-Johnson KE, Lanekoff I. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Prostaglandins as Silver Ion Adducts with Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7246-7252. [PMID: 29676905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are an important class of lipid biomolecules that are essential in many biological processes, including inflammation and successful pregnancy. Despite a high bioactivity, physiological concentrations are typically low, which makes direct mass spectrometric analysis of endogenous PG species challenging. Consequently, there have not been any studies investigating PG localization to specific morphological regions in tissue sections using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques. Herein, we show that silver ions, added to the solvent used for nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) MSI, enhances the ionization of PGs and enables nano-DESI MSI of several species in uterine tissue from day 4 pregnant mice. It was found that detection of [PG + Ag]+ ions increased the sensitivity by ∼30 times, when compared to [PG - H]- ions. Further, the addition of isotopically labeled internal standards enabled generation of quantitative ion images for the detected PG species. Increased sensitivity and quantitative MSI enabled the first proof-of-principle results detailing PG localization in mouse uterus tissue sections. These results show that PG species primarily localized to cellular regions of the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium in uterine tissue. Further, this study provides a unique scaffold for future studies investigating the PG distribution within biological tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Duncan
- Department of Chemistry-BMC , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ru Fang
- Department of Chemistry-BMC , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jia Yuan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC , Uppsala University , SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden
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30
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Vural M, Behrens AM, Hwang W, Ayoub JJ, Chasser D, von Wald Cresce A, Ayyub OB, Briber RM, Kofinas P. Spray-Processed Composites with High Conductivity and Elasticity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13953-13962. [PMID: 29557171 PMCID: PMC6241284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive elastic composites were constructed using multistep solution-based fabrication methods that included the deposition of a nonwoven polymer fiber mat through solution blow spinning and nanoparticle nucleation. High nanoparticle loading was achieved by introducing silver nanoparticles into the fiber spinning solution. The presence of the silver nanoparticles facilitates improved uptake of silver nanoparticle precursor in subsequent processing steps. The precursor is used to generate a second nanoparticle population, leading to high loading and conductivity. Establishing high nanoparticle loading in a microfibrous block copolymer network generated deformable composites that can sustain electrical conductivities reaching 9000 S/cm under 100% tensile strain. These conductive elastic fabrics can retain at least 70% of their initial electrical conductivity after being stretched to 100% strain and released for 500 cycles. This composite material system has the potential to be implemented in wearable electronics and robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Vural
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Adam M. Behrens
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wonseok Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Joseph J. Ayoub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Dalton Chasser
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Arthur von Wald Cresce
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Omar B. Ayyub
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Corresponding Author
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31
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Shan XL, Liu XT, Gong C, Xu X. Precolumn Derivatization with Bromine to Improve Separation and Detection Sensitivity of Triacylglycerols in Edible Oil by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2018. [PMID: 29526894 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in edible oils is largely due to the many similar unsaturated TAG compounds, which makes profiling TAGs difficult. In this study, precolumn derivatization with bromine (Br2) was used to improve the separation and detection sensitivity of TAGs in edible oils by RP-HPLC. Oil samples dissolved in n-hexane and TAGs were derived by reaction with a Br2-CCl4 (1:1, v/v) solution for 3 h at room temperature. The derivate product solution was stable and was best separated and detected by RP-HPLC using a C18 column, with a mobile phase of methanol-n-hexane (91.5:8.5, v/v) at 25°C. A detection wavelength of 230 nm was used. The results showed that the approach enabled the separation and detection of more similar TAGs by RP-HPLC. The method was applied to profile 20 types of edible oil, and the results presented the differences in the TAG profiles of various edible oils, which may be useful in the identification of edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Shan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
| | - Xiao-Ting Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
| | - Can Gong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
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32
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Characterization and Determination of Interesterification Markers (Triacylglycerol Regioisomers) in Confectionery Oils by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2018; 7:foods7020023. [PMID: 29462917 PMCID: PMC5848127 DOI: 10.3390/foods7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interesterification is an industrial transformation process aiming to change the physico-chemical properties of vegetable oils by redistributing fatty acid position within the original constituent of the triglycerides. In the confectionery industry, controlling formation degree of positional isomers is important in order to obtain fats with the desired properties. Silver ion HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is the analytical technique usually adopted to separate triglycerides (TAGs) having different unsaturation degrees. However, separation of TAG positional isomers is a challenge when the number of double bonds is the same and the only difference is in their position within the triglyceride molecule. The TAG positional isomers involved in the present work have a structural specificity that require a separation method tailored to the needs of confectionery industry. The aim of this work was to obtain a chromatographic resolution that might allow reliable qualitative and quantitative evaluation of TAG positional isomers within reasonably rapid retention times and robust in respect of repeatability and reproducibility. The resulting analytical procedure was applied both to confectionery raw materials and final products.
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33
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Zietek BM, Mengerink Y, Jordens J, Somsen GW, Kool J, Honing M. Adduct-ion formation in trapped ion mobility spectrometry as a potential tool for studying molecular structures and conformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-017-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Argentation gas chromatography revisited: Separation of light olefin/paraffin mixtures using silver-based ionic liquid stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Guan M, Dai D, Li L, Wei J, Yang H, Li S, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Xiong S, Zhao Z. Comprehensive qualification and quantification of triacylglycerols with specific fatty acid chain composition in horse adipose tissue, human plasma and liver tissue. Talanta 2017; 172:206-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Gallistl C, Proctor K, Bader K, Vetter W. Synthesis of the DDT metabolite 2,4-dichloro-1-[2-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (o-Cl-DDMU) and its detection in abiotic and biotic samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16815-16828. [PMID: 28573557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used worldwide as a pesticide since the beginning of the 1940s. Due to its persistence, DDT residues are still ubiquitously distributed in the environment. Photochemical UV degradation has been shown to be a potent degradation path for DDT and most of the resulting photoproducts have been identified up to now. Nevertheless, in 2012, a new DDT metabolite, most likely formed photochemically from DDE, was detected in ray liver samples from Brazil, an area which is highly contaminated with DDT. This study includes photochemical generation, chemical synthesis and isolation of this compound which was verified to consist of both cis- and trans-2,4-dichloro-1-[2-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene. Both stereoisomers were resolved by gas chromatography on a polar capillary column and detected in more than 60 biotic (e.g. marine mammals, birds, human milk) and abiotic samples (fat deposits in kitchen hoods) from different areas all over the world. The stereoisomer distribution and concentrations (0.3-3.9% relative to corresponding 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDE) levels) were determined by means of the synthesized analytical standard, indicating the widespread occurrence of this compound as an additional minor metabolite of DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gallistl
- Institute of Food Chemistry 170b, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katie Proctor
- Institute of Food Chemistry 170b, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Korinna Bader
- Institute of Food Chemistry 170b, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry 170b, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Divito EB, Kroniser KM, Cascio M. Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Bioactive Fatty Acyl Derivatives. Front Physiol 2016; 7:608. [PMID: 28018237 PMCID: PMC5156705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the contributions of lipids to cellular physiology, both as structural components of the membrane and as modulatory ligands for membrane proteins, has increased in recent years with the development of the biophysical and biochemical tools to examine these effects. Their modulatory roles in ion channels and transporters function have been extensively characterized, with the molecular mechanisms of these activities being the subject of intense scrutiny. The physiological significance of lipids in biochemistry is expanding as numerous fatty acyls are discovered to possess signaling properties. These bioactive lipids are often found in quantities of pmol/g of tissue and are co-extracted with numerous lipophilic molecules, making their detection and identification challenging. Common analytical methodologies involve chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric techniques; however, a single chromatographic step is typically ineffective due to the complexity of the biological samples. It is, therefore, essential to develop approaches that incorporate multiple dimensions of separation. Described in this manuscript are normal phase and reversed phase separation strategies for lipids that include detection of the bioactive primary fatty acid amides and N-acyl glycines via tandem mass spectrometry. Concerted utilization of these approaches are then used to separate and sensitively identify primary fatty acid amides extracted from homogenized tissue, using mouse brains as a test case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Cascio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne UniversityPittsburgh, PA, USA
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Regioisomeric and enantiomeric analysis of triacylglycerols. Anal Biochem 2016; 524:3-12. [PMID: 27318242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A survey of useful methods for separation and identification of regioisomers and enantiomers of triacylglycerols. Gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 13C NMR determination of regioisomers by enzymatic methods, and supercritical fluid chromatography are briefly surveyed, whereas a detailed description is given of the analysis of triacylglycerols by liquid chromatography, especially with silver ion (Ag+; argentation), and nonaqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography. Special attention is paid to chiral chromatography. Details of mass spectrometry of triacylglycerols are also described, especially the identification of important triacylglycerol ions such as [M + H-RCOOH]+ in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra.
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Application of Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Quantitative Analysis of Selected n-3 and n-6 PUFA in Oil Supplements. Lipids 2016; 51:413-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hu M, Cai X, Guo Q, Bian B, Zhang T, Yang J. Direct Pen Writing of Adhesive Particle-Free Ultrahigh Silver Salt-Loaded Composite Ink for Stretchable Circuits. ACS NANO 2016; 10:396-404. [PMID: 26624508 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe a writable particle-free ink for fast fabrication of highly conductive stretchable circuits. The composite ink mainly consists of soluble silver salt and adhesive rubber. Low toxic ketone was employed as the main solvent. Attributed to ultrahigh solubility of silver salt in short-chain ketone and salt-assisted dissolution of rubber, the ink can be prepared into particle-free transparent solution. As-prepared ink has a good chemical stability and can be directly filled into ballpoint pens and use to write on different substrates to form well adhesive silver salt-based composite written traces as needed. As a result of high silver salt loading, the trace can be converted into highly conductive silver nanoparticle-based composites after in situ reduction. Because of the introduction of adhesive elastomeric rubber, the as-formed conductive composite written trace can not only maintain good adhesion to various substrates but also show good conductivity under various deformations. The conductivity of written traces can be enhanced by repeated writing-reduction cycles. Different patterns can be fabricated by either direct handwriting or hand-copying. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, a typical handwriting heart-like circuit was fabricated to show its capability to work under different deformations, and a pressure-sensitive switch was also manufactured to present pressure-dependent change of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Xiaobing Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Bin Bian
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Tengyuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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Zhu Y, Morisato K, Hasegawa G, Moitra N, Kiyomura T, Kurata H, Kanamori K, Nakanishi K. High-performance liquid chromatography separation of unsaturated organic compounds by a monolithic silica column embedded with silver nanoparticles. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2841-7. [PMID: 26097062 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of a porous structure to ensure good separation performances is always a significant issue in high-performance liquid chromatography column design. Recently we reported the homogeneous embedment of Ag nanoparticles in periodic mesoporous silica monolith and the application of such Ag nanoparticles embedded silica monolith for the high-performance liquid chromatography separation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. However, the separation performance remains to be improved and the retention mechanism as compared with the Ag ion high-performance liquid chromatography technique still needs to be clarified. In this research, Ag nanoparticles were introduced into a macro/mesoporous silica monolith with optimized pore parameters for high-performance liquid chromatography separations. Baseline separation of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene was achieved with the theoretical plate number for analyte naphthalene as 36,000 m(-1). Its separation function was further extended to cis/trans isomers of aromatic compounds where cis/trans stilbenes were chosen as a benchmark. Good separation of cis/trans-stilbene with separation factor as 7 and theoretical plate number as 76,000 m(-1) for cis-stilbene was obtained. The trans isomer, however, is retained more strongly, which contradicts the long- established retention rule of Ag ion chromatography. Such behavior of Ag nanoparticles embedded in a silica column can be attributed to the differences in the molecular geometric configuration of cis/trans stilbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - George Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nirmalya Moitra
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kurata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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McWilliams KM, Angelici RJ. Batchwise extraction of methyl linolenate (18:3, ALA) from fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean and canola oils using silver nitrate/silica gel. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. McWilliams
- Department of ChemistryIowa State UniversityAmesIA
- Department of Chemistry & PhysicsCoastal Carolina UniversityConwaySC
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Determination of the triacylglycerol fraction in fish oil by comprehensive liquid chromatography techniques with the support of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5211-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Combining liquid chromatography with ozone-induced dissociation for the separation and identification of phosphatidylcholine double bond isomers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5053-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Advances in sample preparation and analytical techniques for lipidomics study of clinical samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vural M, Behrens AM, Ayyub OB, Ayoub JJ, Kofinas P. Sprayable elastic conductors based on block copolymer silver nanoparticle composites. ACS NANO 2015; 9:336-44. [PMID: 25491507 PMCID: PMC4310637 DOI: 10.1021/nn505306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer silver nanoparticle composite elastic conductors were fabricated through solution blow spinning and subsequent nanoparticle nucleation. The reported technique allows for conformal deposition onto nonplanar substrates. We additionally demonstrated the ability to tune the strain dependence of the electrical properties by adjusting nanoparticle precursor concentration or localized nanoparticle nucleation. The stretchable fiber mats were able to display electrical conductivity values as high as 2000 ± 200 S/cm with only a 12% increase in resistance after 400 cycles of 150% strain. Stretchable elastic conductors with similar and higher bulk conductivity have not achieved comparable stability of electrical properties. These unique electromechanical characteristics are primarily the result of structural changes during mechanical deformation. The versatility of this approach was demonstrated by constructing a stretchable light emitting diode circuit and a strain sensor on planar and nonplanar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Vural
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Adam M. Behrens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Omar B. Ayyub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Joseph J. Ayoub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Ferreira CR, Jarmusch AK, Pirro V, Alfaro CM, González-Serrano AF, Niemann H, Wheeler MB, Rabel RAC, Hallett JE, Houser R, Kaufman A, Cooks RG. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for lipid profiling and structural analysis of mammalian oocytes, preimplantation embryos and stem cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:621-37. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play fundamental roles in mammalian embryo preimplantation development and cell fate. Triacylglycerol accumulates in oocytes and blastomeres as lipid droplets, phospholipids influence membrane functional properties, and essential fatty acid metabolism is important for maintaining the stemness of cells cultured in vitro. The growing impact that lipids have in the field of developmental biology makes analytical approaches to analyse structural information of great interest. This paper describes the concept and presents the results of lipid profiling by mass spectrometry (MS) of oocytes and preimplantation embryos, with special focus on ambient ionisation. Based on our previous experience with oocytes and embryos, we aim to convey that ambient MS is also valuable for stem cell differentiation analysis. Ambient ionisation MS allows the detection of a wide range of lipid classes (e.g. free fatty acids, cholesterol esters, phospholipids) in single oocytes, embryos and cell pellets, which are informative of in vitro culture impact, developmental and differentiation stages. Background on MS principles, the importance of underused MS scan modes for structural analysis of lipids, and statistical approaches used for data analysis are covered. We envisage that MS alone or in combination with other techniques will have a profound impact on the understanding of lipid metabolism, particularly in early embryo development and cell differentiation research.
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Meier F, Garrard KP, Muddiman DC. Silver dopants for targeted and untargeted direct analysis of unsaturated lipids via infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2461-70. [PMID: 25303475 PMCID: PMC4197142 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Unsaturated lipids play a crucial role in cellular processes as signaling factors, membrane building blocks or energy storage molecules. However, adequate mass spectrometry imaging of this diverse group of molecules remains challenging. In this study we implemented silver cationization for direct analysis by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) to enhance the ion abundances for olefinic lipids and facilitate peak assignment. METHODS Trace amounts of silver nitrate were doped into the electrospray solvent of an IR-MALDESI imaging source coupled to an Orbitrap mass analyzer. Calcifediol was examined as a model compound to demonstrate the effect of silver dopants on sensitivity and assay robustness. Dried human serum spots were subsequently analyzed to compare Ag-doped solvents with previously described solvent compositions. Mass differences as well as ion abundance ratio filters were employed to interpret results based on the characteristic isotopic pattern of silver. RESULTS Olefinic lipids were readily observed as silver adducts in IR-MALDESI analyses. Silver cationization decreased the limit of detection for calcifediol by at least one order of magnitude and was not affected in complex biological matrices. The ion abundance ratio and mass difference of [M + (107) Ag(+)](+) and [M + (109) Ag(+)](+) were successfully applied to facilitate the spectral assignment of silver adducts. Overall, silver cationization increased the analyte coverage in human serum by 43% compared with a standard IR-MALDESI approach. CONCLUSIONS Silver cationization has been shown to enhance IR-MALDESI sensitivity and selectivity for unsaturated lipids, even when applied to complex samples. Increased compound coverage, enhanced robustness as well as the developed tools for peak assignment and mapping of isotopic patterns will clearly benefit future mass spectrometry imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meier
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kenneth P. Garrard
- Precision Engineering Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Author for Correspondence. David C. Muddiman, Ph.D., W.M. Keck Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA, Phone: 919-513-0084,
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