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Badmus SO, Amusa HK, Oyehan TA, Saleh TA. Environmental risks and toxicity of surfactants: overview of analysis, assessment, and remediation techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62085-62104. [PMID: 34590224 PMCID: PMC8480275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work comprehensively reviewed the toxicity and risks of various surfactants and their degraded products in the environmental matrices, various analytical procedures, and remediation methods for these surfactants. The findings revealed that the elevated concentration of surfactants and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics and their important biogeochemical processes, hinder plant-surviving processes and their ecological niche, and retard the human organic and systemic functionalities. The enormous adverse effects of surfactants on health and the environment necessitate the need to develop, select, and advance the various analytical and assessment techniques to achieve effective identification and quantification of several surfactants in different environmental matrices. Considering the presence of surfactants in trace concentration and environmental matrices, excellent analysis can only be achieved with appropriate extraction, purification, and preconcentration. Despite these pre-treatment procedures, the chromatographic technique is the preferred analytical technique considering its advancement and shortcomings of other techniques. In the literature, the choice or selection of remediation techniques for surfactants depends largely on eco-friendliness, cost-implications, energy requirements, regeneration potential, and generated sludge composition and volume. Hence, the applications of foam fractionation, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, thermophilic aerobic membranes reactors, and advanced adsorbents are impressive in the clean-up of the surfactants in the environment. This article presents a compendium of knowledge on environmental toxicity and risks, analytical techniques, and remediation methods of surfactants as a guide for policymakers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suaibu O Badmus
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein K Amusa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajudeen A Oyehan
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Henneberger L, Goss KU. Environmental Sorption Behavior of Ionic and Ionizable Organic Chemicals. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 253:43-64. [PMID: 31748892 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally our tools for environmental risk assessment of organic chemicals have been developed for neutral chemicals. However, many commercial chemicals are ionic or ionizable and require different tools and approaches for their assessment. In recent years this task starts to obtain increasing attention but our understanding for their environmental fate is still far behind that for neutral chemicals. This review first gives an overview on the principles that govern ionic partitioning in environmental systems which are more complex than the simple partition processes of neutral chemicals. Second, a summary of our current knowledge on various topics such as bioaccumulation, sorption in soils, and nonspecific-toxicity reveals that ionic species can actually be quite hydrophobic contrary to commonly held beliefs. Eventually, we discuss existing models for the quantitative prediction of organic ions' sorption in soils and biota. We have to assert that the available model tools are quite restricted in their application range compared to neutral chemicals which is due to the higher complexity of the various ionic sorption processes. In order to further advance our understanding more high-quality sorption data are needed with a focus on multivalent and zwitterionic ions in all partition systems as well as cations in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Schacht VJ, Grant SC, Haftka JJH, Gaus C, Hawker DW. Transport potential of super-hydrophobic organic contaminants in anionic-nonionic surfactant mixture micelles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:173-181. [PMID: 31103863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant mixtures are commonly used in agricultural and soil remediation applications, necessitating an understanding of their micellization behavior and associated impact on the fate of co-existing chemicals in the subsurface. A polymer-water sorption isotherm approach was shown to present an alternative to traditional methods for quantifying, understanding and predicting surfactant mixture properties. Micelle compositions were measured for anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures. This is important since micelle composition can alter the apparent aqueous solubility of super-hydrophobic organic contaminants (SHOCs) resulting in surfactant facilitated transport (SFT). A key parameter in predicting SFT for SHOCs is their micelle-water partition constant (KMI). These were determined for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with representative anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures using a polymer depletion method. These previously unreported constants were intermediate between those for pure anionic and nonionic surfactant solutions, with magnitude depending on micelle composition. Separate linear relationships were found between log KMI and log KOW for PCDDs and PCBs. This work provides new methods and preliminary results relating to binary surfactant mixtures (e.g. critical micelle concentration and micelle composition) and SHOCs (KMI) that are important in the evaluation of the fate and transport of SHOCs in the subsurface environment and provide insight into the environmental mobility of these important contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika J Schacht
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Sharon C Grant
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Joris J-H Haftka
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 2, 3584, CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Darryl W Hawker
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia; Griffith University, School of Environment and Science, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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4
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Chromatographic study of nucleoside-lipids by RP-UHPLC-DAD/CAD. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7711-7721. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Timmer N, Scherpenisse P, Hermens JLM, Droge STJ. Evaluating solid phase (micro-) extraction tools to analyze freely ionizable and permanently charged cationic surfactants. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1002:26-38. [PMID: 29306411 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Working with and analysis of cationic surfactants can be problematic since aqueous concentrations are difficult to control, both when taking environmental aqueous samples as well as performing laboratory work with spiked concentrations. For a selection of 32 amine based cationic surfactants (including C8- to C18-alkylamines, C14-dialkyldimethylammonium, C8-tetraalkylammonium, benzalkonium and pyridinium compounds), the extraction from aqueous samples was studied in detail. Aqueous concentrations were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE; 3 mL/60 mg Oasis WCX-SPE cartridges) with recoveries of ≥80% for 30 compounds, and ≥90% for 16 compounds. Sorption to glassware was evaluated in 120 mL flasks, 40 mL vials and 1.5 mL autosampler vials, using 15 mM NaCl, where the glass binding of simple primary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds increased with alkyl chain length. Sorption to the outside of pipette tips (≤20% of total amount in solution) when sampling aqueous solutions may interfere with accurate measurements. Polyacrylate solid phase microextraction (PA-SPME) fibers with two coating thicknesses (7 and 35 μm) were tested as potential extraction devices. The uptake kinetics, pH-dependence and influence of ionic strength on sorption to PA fibers were studied. Changing medium from 100 mM Na+ to 10 mM Ca2+ decreases Kfw with one order of magnitude. Results indicate that for PA-SPME neutral amines are absorbed rather than adsorbed, although the exact sorption mechanism remains to be elucidated. Further research remains necessary to establish a definitive applicability domain for PA-SPME. However, results indicate that alkyl chain lengths ≥14 carbon atoms and multiple alkyl chains become problematic. A calibration curve should always be measured together with the samples. In conclusion, it seems that for amine based surfactants PA-SPME does not provide the reliability and reproducibility necessary for precise sorption experiments, specifically for alkyl chain lengths beyond 12 carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Timmer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Scherpenisse
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop L M Hermens
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department Freshwater and Marine Ecology, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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A preliminary study on a novel sea water disinfection process by a peroxy-acid compound to complement and improve the microbial depuration of clams (Ruditapes philippinarum). Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Barra Caracciolo A, Cardoni M, Pescatore T, Patrolecco L. Characteristics and environmental fate of the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) used as the main component in foaming agents for mechanized tunnelling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:94-103. [PMID: 28411499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) is the main component of most commercial products used for soil conditioning in the excavation industry, in particular as lubricants for mechanized tunnelling. Its use during the excavation processes can result in either the subsequent possible re-use of the huge amount of soil debris as by-products (e.g. land covering) or its discharge as waste. Currently, there are neither SLES soil threshold limits in European legislation, nor comprehensive studies on the environmental risk for soil ecosystems in these exposure scenarios. In this context, the present paper reviews the available data on the intrinsic characteristics of persistence and the ecotoxicological effects of the anionic surfactant SLES. Although SLES is generally reported to be biodegradable in standard tests, with degradation rates between 7 h and 30 days, depending on the initial conditions, data on its biodegradation in environmental studies are quite scarce. Consequently, assessing SLES biodegradation rates in field conditions is crucial for evaluating if in residual concentrations (typically in the range 40-500 mg/kg in excavated soils) it can or not be a potential hazard for terrestrial and water organisms. Laboratory ecotoxicological tests pointed out detrimental effects of SLES for aquatic organisms, while data on the terrestrial species are rather poor so far and further studies at the expected environmental concentrations are necessary. Finally, the review reports the main analytical methods available for detecting anionic surfactants in solid matrices and the future research needed to improve knowledge on the possible environmental risks posed by the use of SLES in foaming agents for mechanized tunnelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barra Caracciolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Cardoni
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Tanita Pescatore
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Patrolecco
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
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Motteran F, Lima Gomes PCF, Silva EL, Varesche MBA. Simultaneous determination of anionic and nonionic surfactants in commercial laundry wastewater and anaerobic fluidized bed reactor effluent by online column-switching liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:1120-1128. [PMID: 28040218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new method developed for the simultaneous determination of anionic surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate - LAS, 4 homologs) and nonionic surfactant (linear alcohol ethoxylate - LAE) in commercial laundry wastewater. The surfactants were identified and quantified using online column-switching solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ten and three transitions (m/z) were identified for LAS and LAE, respectively. The detection and quantification limits were 75 and 200μg/L for LAS, respectively, and 75μg/L for LAE. This method was applied to the determination of the surfactants in the influent and effluent of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor that was used for the treatment of commercial laundry wastewater. After 480days of operation with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18h, the removal of 45.9±5.6% LAS and 99.2±4.3% LAE from an influent with surfactant concentrations of 26.1±12.9mg/L and 23.8±6.8mg/L, respectively, was obtained. Under these conditions, the breakage of longer-chain LAS homologs with the release of carbon units was observed with an increase in the number of shorter homolog chains. This SPE online sample treatment method is simple, fast and effective for the analysis of both surfactants. This technique is pioneering in its simultaneous measurement of two surfactant categories in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Motteran
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Environmental Engineering, São Carlos, Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paulo C F Lima Gomes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson L Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, SP 310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete A Varesche
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Environmental Engineering, São Carlos, Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lu J, Ye F, Huang X, Wei L, Yao D, Li S, Ouyang M, Lai H. Ionic-liquid-modified magnetic nanoparticles as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in water samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1133-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
| | - Fanggui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
| | - Lianqiang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Yao
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
| | - Shengying Li
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Lai
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering; Hechi University; Yizhou P.R. China
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10
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Haftka JJH, Scherpenisse P, Oetter G, Hodges G, Eadsforth CV, Kotthoff M, Hermens JLM. Critical micelle concentration values for different surfactants measured with solid-phase microextraction fibers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2173-2181. [PMID: 26873883 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The amphiphilic nature of surfactants drives the formation of micelles at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were used in the present study to measure CMC values of 12 nonionic, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants. The SPME-derived CMC values were compared to values determined using a traditional surface tension method. At the CMC of a surfactant, a break in the relationship between the concentration in SPME fibers and the concentration in water is observed. The CMC values determined with SPME fibers deviated by less than a factor of 3 from values determined with a surface tension method for 7 out of 12 compounds. In addition, the fiber-water sorption isotherms gave information about the sorption mechanism to polyacrylate-coated SPME fibers. A limitation of the SPME method is that CMCs for very hydrophobic cationic surfactants cannot be determined when the cation exchange capacity of the SPME fibers is lower than the CMC value. The advantage of the SPME method over other methods is that CMC values of individual compounds in a mixture can be determined with this method. However, CMC values may be affected by the presence of compounds with other chain lengths in the mixture because of possible mixed micelle formation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2173-2181. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J-H Haftka
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Scherpenisse
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Günter Oetter
- Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthias Kotthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Joop L M Hermens
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Haftka JJH, Hammer J, Hermens JLM. Mechanisms of Neutral and Anionic Surfactant Sorption to Solid-Phase Microextraction Fibers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11053-61. [PMID: 26322866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Octanol-water partitioning (Kow) is considered a key parameter for hydrophobicity and is often applied in the prediction of the environmental fate and exposure of neutral organic compounds. However, surfactants can create difficulties in the determination of Kow because of emulsification of both water and octanol phases. Moreover, not only is sorption behavior of ionic surfactants related to hydrophobicity, but also other interactions are relevant in sorption processes. A different approach to develop parameters that can be applied in predictive modeling of the fate of surfactants in the environment is therefore required. Distribution between solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and water was used in this study to measure the affinity of surfactants to a hydrophobic phase. Fiber-water sorption coefficients of alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfates, and alkyl sulfonates were determined at pH 7 by equilibration of the test analytes between fiber and water. Distribution between fiber and water of anionic compounds with pKa ∼ 5 (i.e., alkyl carboxylates) was dominated by the neutral fraction. Anionic surfactants with pKa ≤ 2 (i.e., alkyl sulfates and alkyl sulfonates) showed strong nonlinear distribution to the fiber. The fiber-water sorption coefficients for alcohol ethoxylates and alkyl sulfates showed a linear trend with bioconcentration factors from the literature. Fiber-water sorption coefficients are promising as a parameter to study the effects of hydrophobicity and other potential interactions on sorption behavior of neutral and anionic surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J-H Haftka
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Yalelaan 104, P.O. Box 80177, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jort Hammer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Yalelaan 104, P.O. Box 80177, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop L M Hermens
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Yalelaan 104, P.O. Box 80177, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ion exchange membranes as novel passive sampling material for organic ions: Application for the determination of freely dissolved concentrations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Evaluation of passive samplers with neutral or ion-exchange polymer coatings to determine freely dissolved concentrations of the basic surfactant lauryl diethanolamine: Measurements of acid dissociation constant and organic carbon–water sorption coefficient. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1315:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Pena-Pereira F, Duarte RM, Trindade T, Duarte AC. Determination of anionic surface active agents using silica coated magnetite nanoparticles modified with cationic surfactant aggregates. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Elucidating the sorption mechanism of “mixed-mode” SPME using the basic drug amphetamine as a model compound. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 782:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bäuerlein PS, Ter Laak TL, Hofman-Caris RCHM, de Voogt P, Droge STJ. Removal of charged micropollutants from water by ion-exchange polymers -- effects of competing electrolytes. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5009-5018. [PMID: 22818952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of environmental compounds of concern, e.g. pharmaceuticals or illicit drugs, are acids or bases that may predominantly be present as charged species in drinking water sources. These charged micropollutants may prove difficult to remove by currently used water treatment steps (e.g. UV/H(2)O(2), activated carbon (AC) or membranes). We studied the sorption affinity of some ionic organic compounds to both AC and different charged polymeric materials. Ion-exchange polymers may be effective as additional extraction phases in water treatment, because sorption of all charged compounds to oppositely charged polymers was stronger than to AC, especially for the double-charged cation metformin. Tested below 1% of the polymer ion-exchange capacity, the sorption affinity of charged micropollutants is nonlinear and depends on the composition of the aqueous medium. Whereas oppositely charged electrolytes do not impact sorption of organic ions, equally charged electrolytes do influence sorption indicating ion-exchange (IE) to be the main sorption mechanism. For the tested polymers, a tenfold increased salt concentration lowered the IE-sorption affinity by a factor two. Different electrolytes affect IE with organic ions in a similar way as inorganic ions on IE-resins, and no clear differences in this trend were observed between the sulphonated and the carboxylated cation-exchanger. Sorption of organic cations is five fold less in Ca(2+) solutions compared to similar concentrations of Na(+), while that of anionic compounds is three fold weaker in SO(4)(2-) solutions compared to equal concentrations of Cl(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Bäuerlein
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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Chen Y, Droge ST, Hermens JL. Analyzing freely dissolved concentrations of cationic surfactant utilizing ion-exchange capability of polyacrylate coated solid-phase microextraction fibers. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1252:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Olkowska E, Polkowska Ż, Namieśnik J. Analytical procedures for the determination of surfactants in environmental samples. Talanta 2012; 88:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Development of a negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction method to determine the free concentration of chlorpromazine in aqueous samples containing albumin. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8529-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liquid phase micro-extraction of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate anionic surfactants in aqueous samples. MEMBRANES 2011; 1:299-313. [PMID: 24957870 PMCID: PMC4021876 DOI: 10.3390/membranes1040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction (LPME) of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from aqueous samples was studied. Ion pair extraction of C10, C11, C12 and C13 homologues was facilitated with trihexylamine as ion-pairing agent, using di-n-hexylether as solvent for the supported liquid membrane (SLM). Effects of extraction time, acceptor buffer concentration, stirring speed, sample volume, NaCl and humic acids were studied. At 10–50 μg L−1 linear R2-coefficients were 0.99 for C10 and C11 and 0.96 for C12. RSD was typically ∼15%. Three observations were especially made. Firstly, LPME for these analytes was unusually slow with maximum enrichment observed after 15–24 h (depending on sample volume). Secondly, the enrichment depended on LAS sample concentration with 35–150 times enrichment below ∼150 μg L−1 and 1850–4400 times enrichment at 1 mg L−1. Thirdly, lower homologues were enriched more than higher homologues at low sample concentrations, with reversed conditions at higher concentrations. These observations may be due to the fact that LAS and the amine counter ion themselves influence the mass transfer at the water-SLM interface. The observations on LPME of LAS may aid in LPME application to other compounds with surfactant properties or in surfactant enhanced membrane extraction of other compounds.
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Olkowska E, Polkowska Ż, Namieśnik J. Analytics of Surfactants in the Environment: Problems and Challenges. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5667-700. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland,
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland,
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland,
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Pena-Abaurrea M, Ramos L. Miniaturization of Analytical Methods. CHALLENGES IN GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849732963-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter highlights miniaturization in sample preparation as a valuable alternative for green analytical chemistry. The current state of the art is discussed on the basis of examples selected from representative application areas, including biomedical, environmental and food analysis, and involving conventional instrumental techniques for final determination of the target compounds. The emphasis is on those techniques and approaches that have already demonstrated their practicality by the analysis of real-life samples, and in particular on those dealing with the accurate determination of minor organic components. The potential of recent developments in this field for sample treatment simplification and complete hyphenation of analytical processes are discussed and the most pressing remaining limitations evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Pena-Abaurrea
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Lourdes Ramos
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid Spain
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Renaud F, Oberhänsli F, Teyssié JL, Miramand P, Temara A, Warnau M. Sorption-desorption kinetics and toxic cell concentration in marine phytoplankton microalgae exposed to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:942-947. [PMID: 21435668 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) are ubiquitous surfactants. Traces can be found in coastal environments. Sorption and toxicity of C(12)-LAS congeners were studied in controlled conditions (2-3500 μg C(12)LAS/L) in five marine phytoplanktonic species, using standardized methods. IC(50) values ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg LAS/L. Sorption of (14)C(12)-6 LAS isomer was measured at environmentally relevant trace levels (4μg/L) using liquid scintillation counting. Steady-state sorption on algae was reached within 5h in the order dinoflagellate>diatoms>green algae. The sorption data, fitted a L-type Freundlich isotherm, indicating saturation. Desorption was rapid but a low LAS fraction was still sorbed after 24h. Toxic cell concentration was 0.38±0.09 mg/g for the studied species. LAS toxicity results from sorption on biological membranes leading to non-specific disturbance of algal growth. Results indicate that LAS concentrations in coastal environments do not represent a risk for these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Renaud
- International Atomic Energy Agency-Marine Environment Laboratories (IAEA-MEL), 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Principality of Monaco, Monaco, France.
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Moldovan Z, Avram V, Marincas O, Petrov P, Ternes T. The determination of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate isomers in water samples by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:343-9. [PMID: 21159344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of 20 compounds of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs) family were identified by electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS) in water samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This paper presents the mass spectra of 20 compounds, the proposed mechanism of formation of the diagnostic ions obtained by EI-MS and the distribution of individual isomers in water samples collected from compartments of WWTP. The individual isomers from four homolog series C(10)-, C(11)-, C(12)- and C(13)-LAS were analyzed as methyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaharie Moldovan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technology (INCDTIM), Donath Street 65-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Rico-Rico A, Droge STJ, Hermens JLM. Predicting sediment sorption coefficients for linear alkylbenzenesulfonate congeners from polyacrylate-water partition coefficients at different salinities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:941-947. [PMID: 20058863 DOI: 10.1021/es902453s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the molecular structure and the salinity on the sorption of the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) to marine sediment has been studied. The analysis of several individual LAS congeners in seawater and of one specific LAS congener at different dilutions of seawater was carried out after extraction by polyacrylate solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Sorption isotherms for the tested LAS congeners on marine sediment and at different ionic composition were all nonlinear with a constant Freundlich exponent (n(F)) of 0.78 +/- 0.05. Differences in LAS sorption of a number of congeners were similar to the differences among the linear partition coefficients (K(fw)) observed for the polyacrylate SPME fibers in seawater. The sorption of LAS to both the sediment and the SPME fiber significantly decreased in media with lower salinity. Dissolved calcium could fully account for the changed affinity of LAS for the SPME fiber, although the high sorption in seawater was also equaled by a corresponding dissolved concentration of NaCl only. Sediment sorption coefficients of a single LAS congener at varying ionic composition was not as strongly related to the K(fw) values as the relation observed for different LAS compounds in seawater, likely because sorption mechanisms are different in both phases. In the absence of experimental data for octanol-water coefficients (K(ow)) of (i) individual LAS congeners at (ii) different ionic compositions, the use of K(fw) as a tool to predict sorption and other hydrophobicity-related processes is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Rico-Rico
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Mauffret A, Rico-Rico A, Temara A, Blasco J. Exposure of the marine deposit feeder Hydrobia ulvae to sediment associated LAS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:529-535. [PMID: 19766366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) effects (mortality, egestion rate, behaviour) on the marine deposit feeder Hydrobia ulvae were assessed in whole-sediment and water-only systems. The results were combined with a bioenergetic-based kinetic model of exposure pathways to account for the observed toxicity. The 10-d LC50 value based on the freely dissolved fraction was 9.3 times lower in spiked sediment (0.152 +/- 0.001 (95% CI) mg/L) than in water-only (1.390 +/- 0.020 (95% CI) mg/L). Consequently, the actual 10-d LC50 value (208 mg/kg) was overestimated by the Equilibrium Partitioning calculation (1629 mg/kg). This suggests that the sediment associated LAS fraction was bioavailable to the snails. It could also be due to modifications in physiological parameters in absence of sediment, the organism natural substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mauffret
- Marine Sciences Institute of Andalusia (CSIC), Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain.
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