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Telgmann L, Horn H. The behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds and contrast agents during wastewater treatment - Combining sampling strategies and analytical techniques: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174344. [PMID: 38964417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and the respective consequences for the aquatic environment have been the focus of many studies over the last thirty years. Various aspects in this field were investigated, considering diverse pharmaceutical groups and employing a wide range of research methodologies. Various questions from the perspectives of different research areas were devised and answered, resulting in a large mix of individual findings and conclusions. Collectively, the results of the studies offer a comprehensive overview. The large variety of methods and strategies, however, demands close attention when comparing and combining information from heterogeneous projects. This review critically examines the application of diverse sampling techniques as well as analytical methods in investigations concerning the behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and contrast agents (CAs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combination of sampling and analysis is discussed with regard to its suitability for specific scientific problems. Different research focuses need different methods and answer different questions. An overview of studies dealing with the fate and degradation of PhACs and CAs in WWTPs is presented, discussing their strategic approaches and findings. This review includes surveys of anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetics, beta blockers, hormonal contraceptives, lipid lowering agents, antidepressants as well as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Telgmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Department Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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2
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Šauer P, Vojs Staňová A, Bořík A, Valentová O, Grabic R, Kocour Kroupová H. High enrichment factors in chemical analysis of progestins and in bioassays: insights beyond trace levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38500-38511. [PMID: 38806985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Concerns are growing about adverse effects of progestins on biota, even at ultra-trace concentrations. The enrichment factor (EF) from extraction of analytes in environmental samples that is needed for sample pre-concentration can affect not only performance of the analytical method but also the matrix effect. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the influence of high sample EF on performance of the high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and photoionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI/APPI-HRMS) method for analysis of progestins in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters and analysis of (anti-)progestogenic activities measured by (anti-)PR-CALUX bioassays. The results showed that HPLC-APCI/APPI-HRMS coupled with solid-phase extraction and a high EF (33,333 Lwater/Lextract) enabled the detection of more compounds compared to samples with lower sample EF (10,000 Lwater/Lextract). The matrix effect did not increase proportionally compared to lower EFs (10,000 and 16,666 Lwater/Lextract), and lower limits of quantification were achieved in WWTP effluents and surface waters. The results of bioassays have shown that relative EF of 25 Lwater/Lbioassay appears high enough to detect progestogenic activity in treated waste water. Our study is one of the first to provide insights into sample pre-concentration in analysis of progestins and progestogenicity in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Li Q, Zhao JH, Lai HJ, Liu B, Zhang M, Xiao NL, Wang HD, Jin T. Benzoyl isothiocyanate modified surface of silica gel as the extraction material for adsorbing steroid hormones in water. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1206-1214. [PMID: 36807579 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been listed as priority pollutants in the environment, and their detection and pollution control deserve our extensive attention. In this study, a modified silica gel adsorbent material was synthesized by benzoyl isothiocyanate reaction with hydroxyl groups on the silica gel surface. The modified silica gel was used as a solid phase extraction filler for the extraction of steroid hormones from water, which was further analyzed by the HPLC-MS/MS method. The FT-IR, TGA, XPS, and SEM analysis indicated that benzoyl isothiocyanate was successfully grafted on the surface of silica gel to form a bond with an isothioamide group and benzene ring as the tail chain. The modified silica gel synthesized at 40 °C showed excellent adsorption and recovery rates for three steroid hormones in water. Methanol at pH 9.0 was selected as the optimal eluent. The adsorption capacity of the modified silica gel for epiandrosterone, progesterone, and megestrol acetate was 6822 ng mg-1, 13 899 ng mg-1, and 14 301 ng mg-1, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 3 steroid hormones by modified silica gel extraction with HPLC-MS/MS detection were 0.02-0.88 μg L-1 and 0.06-2.22 μg L-1, respectively. The recovery rate of epiandrosterone, progesterone, and megestrol was between 53.7% and 82.9%, respectively. The modified silica gel has been successfully used to analyze steroid hormones in wastewater and surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hua-Jie Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning-Lan Xiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao-Dong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 368, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510650, China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400714, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, Guangzhou 510650, China
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4
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Functional Nanomaterials Based Opto-Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Gonadal Steroid Hormones. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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5
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Ali MFB, Uejo Y, Kishikawa N, Ohyama K, Kuroda N. A selective and highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence derivatization approach based on Sonogashira coupling reaction for determination of ethinyl estradiol in river water samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461440. [PMID: 32822980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A selective and highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence derivatization method was developed for determination of ethinyl estradiol (EE); one of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). The fluorescence derivatization procedure was based on Sonogashira coupling reaction using 4-(4, 5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl) iodobenzene (DIB-I), a fluorescence labeling reagent, to derivatize EE in presence of copper and palladium ions. The formed fluorescent product was separated on Cosmosil 5C18 MS-II by an isocratic elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: 5.0 mM Tris-HNO3 buffer, pH 7.4 (60:40, v/v %). The detection wavelengths were set at 310 and 400 nm as excitation and emission wavelengths, respectively. Various parameters affecting derivatization reaction were optimized. Further, the proposed method was validated and a good linearity with low detection limit (S/N=3) 7.4 ng L-1 was obtained in water sample after a simple solid-phase disk extraction (C18 SPE disk) method. The proposed method was successfully applied for detection of EE in river water samples in order to monitor EE concentration and to distinguish its effect on the ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F B Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt; Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yurina Uejo
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Naoya Kishikawa
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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6
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Glineur A, Nott K, Carbonnelle P, Ronkart S, Purcaro G. Development And Validation Of A Method For Determining Estrogenic Compounds In Surface Water At The Ultra-Trace Level Required By The EU Water Framework Directive Watch List. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Development of an automatic sequential injection analysis-lab on valve system exploiting molecularly imprinted polymers coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of estrogens in wastewater samples. Talanta 2020; 209:120564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Oxidized carbon nanotubes as sorbent for miniaturized solid-phase extraction of progestins from environmental water samples prior to their determination by HPLC-UV. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:153. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Jackson LM, Klerks PL. Impact of Long-Term Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol in the Live-Bearing Fish Heterandria formosa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:51-61. [PMID: 30726505 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a potent synthetic estrogen that is routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems and exhibits estrogenic activity. Acute and chronic toxicity have been described for oviparous and ovoviviparous fish species; however, no information is available on the impacts of EE2 on viviparous, matrotrophic fish despite their ecological importance. The present study investigated the consequences of long-term EE2 exposure in the least killifish (Heterandria formosa). Effects on growth, time-to-sexual maturity, fecundity, and offspring survival were examined in an 8-month, life-cycle experiment. Starting as 0-6-day-old fish, least killifish were continuously exposed to EE2 at nominal concentrations of 0, 5, or 25 ng/L (measured concentrations averaged 0, 4.3, and 21.5 ng/L respectively). In the F0 generation, EE2-exposure did not affect survival but resulted in increased time-to-sexual maturity and a sex-dependent effect on size; female standard length was reduced while male standard length was increased. This caused the ordinarily larger females and smaller males to become more similar in size. Condition factor was reduced for both sexes. Fecundity was reduced by 50% and 75% at 5 and 25 ng/L EE2-exposure respectively. Continued EE2-exposure in the F1 generation resulted in significantly reduced survival. These results suggest that despite their matrotrophic development, these fish experience delayed development and reduced reproductive success from EE2-exposure and that effects appear to intensify in the second generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latonya M Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Cincinnati, 155B McMicken Hall, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 E. St. Mary Blvd., Billeaud Hall, Room 108, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
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10
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Pu H, Huang Z, Sun DW, Fu H. Recent advances in the detection of 17β-estradiol in food matrices: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:2144-2157. [PMID: 31084362 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1611539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of endocrine disrupting chemicals has become a global issue. As one of the hormonally active compounds, 17β-estradiol produces the strongest estrogenic effect when it enters the organism exogenously including food intakes, bringing potential harmfulness such as malfunction of the endocrine system. Therefore, in order to assure food safety and avoid potential risks of 17β-estradiol to humans, it is of great significance to develop rapid, sensitive and selective approaches for the detection of 17β-estradiol in food matrices. In this review, the harmfulness and main sources of 17β-estradiol are firstly introduced, followed by the description of the principles and applications of different approaches for 17β-estradiol detection including high performance liquid chromatography, electrochemistry, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence and colorimetry. Particularly, applications in detecting 17β-estradiol in food matrices over the years of 2010-2018 are discussed. Finally, advantages and limitations of these detection methods are highlighted and perspectives on future developments in the detection methods for 17β-estradiol are also proposed. Although many detection approaches can achieve trace or ultratrace detection of 17β-estradiol, further studies should be focused on the development of in-situ and real-time methods to monitor and evaluate 17β-estradiol for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Pu
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China.,c Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China.,c Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China.,c Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China.,d Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre , University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Haohua Fu
- e Tang Renshen Group Co., Ltd , Zhuzhou , China
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11
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An X, Chai W, Deng X, Chen H, Ding G. A bioinspired polydopamine approach toward the preparation of gold-modified magnetic nanoparticles for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of steroids in multiple samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2774-2782. [PMID: 29722147 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, facile, and sensitive magnetic solid-phase extraction method was developed for the extraction and enrichment of three representative steroid hormones before high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Gold-modified Fe3 O4 nanoparticles, as novel magnetic adsorbents, were prepared by a rapid and environmentally friendly procedure in which polydopamine served as the reductant as well as the stabilizer for the gold nanoparticles, thus successfully avoiding the use of some toxic reagents. To obtain maximum extraction efficiency, several significant factors affecting the preconcentration steps, including the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, pH of the sample solution, and the desorption conditions, were optimized, and the enrichment factors for three steroids were all higher than 90. The validity of the established method was evaluated and good analytical characteristics were obtained. A wide linearity range (0.8-500 μg/L for all the analytes) was attained with good correlation (R2 ≥ 0.991). The low limits of detection were 0.20-0.25 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.83 to 4.63%, demonstrating a good precision. The proposed method was also successfully applied to the extraction and analysis of steroids in urine, milk, and water samples with satisfactory results, which showed its reliability and feasibility in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan An
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Analysis Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Analysis Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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12
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Weizel A, Schlüsener MP, Dierkes G, Ternes TA. Occurrence of Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, and Progestogens in Various Treated Wastewater, Rivers, and Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5296-5307. [PMID: 29580053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study a high sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of 60 steroids including glucocorticoids (GC), mineralocorticoids (MC), and progestogens (PG) in WWTP effluents and surface water using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.02 ng/L (cortisone) to 0.5 ng/L (drospirenone) in surface water and from 0.05 ng/L (betamethasone) to 5 ng/L (chlormadinone) in treated wastewater. After optimization, the developed method was applied to WWTP effluents, rivers, and streams around Germany. Numerous steroids have been detected during the sampling campaign and predominant analytes from all steroid types were determined. Moreover, the occurrence of dienogest, mometasone furoate, flumethasone pivalate, and the metabolites 6β-hydroxy dienogest, 6β-hydroxy triamcinolone acetonide, 7α-thiomethyl spironolactone, and 11α-hydroxy canrenone is reported for the first time. In addition, this study revealed the ubiquitous presence of topically applied GC monoesters betamethasone propionate, betamethasone valerate, and 6α-methylprednisolone propionate in WWTP effluents and surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weizel
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
| | - Michael P Schlüsener
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
| | - Georg Dierkes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
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Golovko O, Šauer P, Fedorova G, Kroupová HK, Grabic R. Determination of progestogens in surface and waste water using SPE extraction and LC-APCI/APPI-HRPS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1066-1073. [PMID: 30599351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a reliable analytical method for the measurement of 17 selected progestogens in waste water and surface water. Automated whole water solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for sample concentration. Liquid chromatography tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/atmospheric pressure photoionization with hybrid quadrupole/orbital trap mass spectrometry operated in high resolution product scan mode (LC-APCI/APPI-HRPS) was applied for the analyses. The whole-method recoveries ranged from 60% to 140% for all analytes at two different spike levels (5 and 50ng/L) in the studied matrices. The method is very sensitive with LOQs ranging from 0.02 to 0.87ng/L. The developed method was used for the determination of progestogens in real samples of waste water from three waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and in surface water from the corresponding recipients. Progesterone was detected in all samples with concentrations in the range of 0.82 to 1.1ng/L in surface water and 0.11 to 110ng/L in waste water samples. Three synthetic progestogens, namely, megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and dienogest, were detected most frequently in effluents; therefore, further attention should be paid to the monitoring of these compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to present analysis of altrenogest, etonogestrel, dienogest, nomegestrol acetate and ulipristal acetate in waste water and surface water using a solid-phase extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia.
| | - Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Yang Y, Yuan C, Jia J, Wang Z. Responses of gonadal transcriptome and physiological analysis following exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol in adult rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:209-215. [PMID: 28349872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen commonly used in the oral contraceptive pills, disrupts the sexual differentiation, gonadal development and reproduction in aquatic species. Nowadays aquatic species and even humans still have the potential risks of exposure to EE2. However, the mechanism of EE2 endocrine disruption is still unclear. Aiming to elucidate molecular mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptome profiling of gonads, gonadal histology and the sex steroid hormones in response to EE2 in G. rarus. Through this study, we obtained eight RNA-Seq libraries upon EE2 exposure, and found some key genes and pathways in correlation with the disruption effects of EE2. We found EE2 could disrupt oocyte development and spermatogenesis in adult G. rarus, and EE2 has more obvious disruption effects on male G. rarus than females. Interestingly, EE2 was indicated to be an exogenous DPC-inducing agent and ppp2r3b was suggested to be a spermatogenesis candidate gene in rare minnow. The differential gene expressions of rps30, samp9, ppp2r3b and spartan upon EE2 exposure suggest EE2's disruption effects on gonads could attribute to altered pathways of translation, ribosome biogenesis and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yanping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.
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15
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Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in environmental matrices: Review of analytical strategies for pharmaceuticals, estrogenic hormones, and alkylphenol compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Hua J, Han J, Wang X, Guo Y, Zhou B. The binary mixtures of megestrol acetate and 17α-ethynylestradiol adversely affect zebrafish reproduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:776-784. [PMID: 27038209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic progesterones and estrogens are broadly used bioactive pharmaceutical agents and have been detected in aquatic environments. In the present study, we investigated the combined reproductive effects of megestrol acetate (MTA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on zebrafish. Adult zebrafish were exposed to MTA (33, 100 or 333 ng/L), EE2 (10 ng/L) or a mixture of both (MTA + EE2: 33 + 10, 100 + 10 or 333 + 10 ng/L) for 21 days. Results demonstrated that egg production was significantly reduced by exposure to 10 ng/L EE2, but not MTA. However, a combined exposure to MTA and EE2 caused further reduction of fish fecundity compared to EE2 exposure alone, suggesting an additive effect on egg production when EE2 is supplemented with MTA. Plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in the females and 11-ketotestosterone in the males were significantly decreased in the groups exposed to EE2 or MTA alone compared with the solvent control, and the plasma concentrations of the three hormones were further reduced in the co-exposure groups relative to the MTA exposure group, but not the EE2 exposure group. These data indicate that the inhibitory effects on plasma concentrations in the co-exposures were predominantly caused by EE2. Furthermore, exposure to MTA and EE2 (alone or in combination) led to histological alterations in the ovaries (decreased vitellogenic/mature oocytes), but not in the testes. This study has important implications for environmental risk assessment of synthetic hormones that are concurrently present in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghuan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Han
- Biology Institute of Shangdong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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17
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Molecular identification of Kiss/GPR54 and function analysis with mRNA expression profiles exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:737-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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A label-free colorimetric progesterone aptasensor based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Guedes-Alonso R, Ciofi L, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ, Bubba MD, Kabir A, Furton KG. Determination of androgens and progestogens in environmental and biological samples using fabric phase sorptive extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:116-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Pérez RL, Escandar GM. Multivariate calibration-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography with dual UV and fluorimetric detection for the analysis of natural and synthetic sex hormones in environmental waters and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 209:114-122. [PMID: 26650083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A green method is reported based on non-sophisticated instrumental for the quantification of seven natural and synthetic estrogens, three progestagens and one androgen in the presence of real interferences. The method takes advantage of: (1) chromatography, allowing total or partial resolution of a large number of compounds, (2) dual detection, permitting selection of the most appropriate signal for each analyte and, (3) second-order calibration, enabling mathematical resolution of incompletely resolved chromatographic bands and analyte determination in the presence of interferents. Consumption of organic solvents for cleaning, extraction and separation are markedly decreased because of the coupling with MCR-ALS (multivariate curve resolution/alternating least-squares) which allows the successful resolution in the presence of other co-eluting matrix constituents. Rigorous IUPAC detection limits were obtained: 6-24 ng L(-1) in water, and 0.1-0.9 ng g(-1) in sediments. Relative prediction errors were 2-10% (water) and 1-8% (sediments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío L Pérez
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Graciela M Escandar
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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21
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Karapinar I, Ertaş FN, Şahintürk B, Aftafa C, Kiliç E. LC-MS/MS signal enhancement for estrogenic hormones in water samples using experimental design. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Present paper describes the optimization of LC-MS/MS conditions by using experimental design for selective and sensitive determination of estrogenic hormones namely estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), estriol (E3) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgi Karapinar
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - F. Nil Ertaş
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Binnaz Şahintürk
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Can Aftafa
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Ela Kiliç
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Izmir
- Turkey
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22
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Na W, Park JW, An JH, Jang J. Size-controllable ultrathin carboxylated polypyrrole nanotube transducer for extremely sensitive 17β-estradiol FET-type biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5025-5034. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Size-controllable aptamer conjugated ultrathin carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (A-UCPPyNTs) were successfully fabricated as transducers in 17β-estradiol field-effect transistor (FET)-type biosensors which has extremely high sensitivity (∼1 fM) and unique selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjoo Na
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Jin Wook Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Ji Hyun An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
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23
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Xu L, Qi X, Li X, Bai Y, Liu H. Recent advances in applications of nanomaterials for sample preparation. Talanta 2015; 146:714-26. [PMID: 26695321 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is a key step for qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace analytes in complicated matrix. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology in material science, numerous nanomaterials have been developed with particularly useful applications in analytical chemistry. Benefitting from their high specific areas, increased surface activities, and unprecedented physical/chemical properties, the potentials of nanomaterials for rapid and efficient sample preparation have been exploited extensively. In this review, recent progress of novel nanomaterials applied in sample preparation has been summarized and discussed. Both nanoparticles and nanoporous materials are evaluated for their unusual performance in sample preparation. Various compositions and functionalizations extended the applications of nanomaterials in sample preparations, and distinct size and shape selectivity was generated from the diversified pore structures of nanoporous materials. Such great variety make nanomaterials a kind of versatile tools in sample preparation for almost all categories of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Shaaban H, Górecki T. Current trends in green liquid chromatography for the analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environmental water compartments. Talanta 2015; 132:739-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Valdés ME, Marino DJ, Wunderlin DA, Somoza GM, Ronco AE, Carriquiriborde P. Screening concentration of E1, E2 and EE2 in sewage effluents and surface waters of the "Pampas" region and the "Río de la Plata" estuary (Argentina). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:29-33. [PMID: 25380649 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were investigated for the first time in sewage effluents and receiving waters of the "Río de la Plata" estuary and neighboring areas by means of LC-MS/MS. E2 and EE2 were ubiquitous in the evaluated sewage effluent samples showing concentrations ranging between 122-631 and 65-187 ng/L, respectively. In surface waters, these estrogens were only detected in the "Girado" stream (Chascomús) at 369 and 43 ng/L, respectively. No significant relationship was found among the size of the served population and the concentration of the estrogens in the sewage effluent. The detection of these estrogens in receiving waters was dependent on the dilution capacity of the system. The studied estrogens were undetectable at the La Plata City water supply station. Conversely, concentrations found at the "Girado" stream indicate a potential ecotoxicological risk of these estrogens to the local aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Valdés
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
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26
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In vitro bioassays to screen for endocrine active pharmaceuticals in surface and waste waters. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 106:107-15. [PMID: 25555519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) it is fully recognized that pharmaceuticals can represent a relevant issue for the achievement of the good chemical and ecological status of European surface water bodies. The recent European Directive on the review of priority substances in surface water bodies has included three pharmaceuticals of widespread use (diclofenac, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2)) in the European monitoring list, the so-called watch list. Endocrine active pharmaceuticals such as EE2 and E2 (also occurring as natural hormone) can cause adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems at very low levels. However, monitoring of these pharmaceuticals within the watch list mechanism of the WFD and national monitoring programs can be difficult because of detection problems of most routine analytical methods. With proposed annual average Environmental Quality Standards (AA-EQS) of 0.035 ng/L and 0.4 ng/L, respectively, the estrogenic pharmaceutical EE2 and the natural hormone E2 are among those substances. Sensitive in vitro bioassays could reduce the current detection problems by measuring the estrogenic activity of environmental samples. In a short review article the application of this approach to screen and assess the risks of endocrine active pharmaceuticals with a focus on estrogenic pharmaceuticals in environmental waters is discussed.
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27
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Analysis of 21 progestagens in various matrices by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with diverse sample pretreatment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7299-311. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Aftafa C, Pelit FO, Yalçinkaya EE, Turkmen H, Kapdan İ, Nil Ertaş F. Ionic liquid intercalated clay sorbents for micro solid phase extraction of steroid hormones from water samples with analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1361:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Zhang QQ, Zhao JL, Ying GG, Liu YS, Pan CG. Emission estimation and multimedia fate modeling of seven steroids at the river basin scale in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7982-7992. [PMID: 24964360 DOI: 10.1021/es501226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are excreted from humans and animals and discharged with wastewaters into the environment, resulting in potential adverse effects on organisms. Based on the excretion rates from different groups of humans and animals, the emissions of seven steroids (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), testosterone (T), androsterone (A), progesterone (P), and cortisol (C)) were comprehensively estimated in 58 river basins of whole China, and their multimedia fate was simulated by using a level III fugacity multimedia model. The results showed that higher emission densities for the steroids were found in the river basins of east China than in west China. This distribution was found to be generally similar to the distribution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) across China. E3, A, and P displayed higher emission densities than the other steroids in most of the river basins. The total excretion of steroids by humans and animals in China was estimated to be 3069 t/yr. The excretion of steroids from animals was two times larger than that from humans. After various treatments, the total emission of steroids was reduced to 2486 t/yr, of which more than 80% was discharged into the water compartment. The predicted concentrations in water were within an order of magnitude of the measured concentrations available in the literature. Owing to wastewater irrigation, more steroid mass loadings in agricultural soil were found in the basins of Haihe River and Huaihe River in comparison with the other river basins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the emissions and multimedia fate of seven steroids in the river basins of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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30
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Pérez RL, Escandar GM. Liquid chromatography with diode array detection and multivariate curve resolution for the selective and sensitive quantification of estrogens in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 835:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Water Using Palmitate-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Jakimska A, Kot-Wasik A, Namieśnik J. The Current State-of-the-Art in the Determination of Pharmaceutical Residues in Environmental Matrices Using Hyphenated Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 44:277-98. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.835244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Nováková L, Chocholouš P, Solich P. Ultra-fast separation of estrogen steroids using subcritical fluid chromatography on sub-2-micron particles. Talanta 2014; 121:178-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Griffith DR, Kido Soule MC, Matsufuji H, Eglinton TI, Kujawinski EB, Gschwend PM. Measuring free, conjugated, and halogenated estrogens in secondary treated wastewater effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2569-2578. [PMID: 24476066 DOI: 10.1021/es402809u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal estrogens are potent endocrine-disrupting chemicals that enter natural waters through the discharge of treated and raw sewage. Because estrogens are detrimental to aquatic organisms at sub-nanogram per liter concentrations, many studies have measured so-called "free" estrogen concentrations in wastewater effluents, rivers, and lakes. Other forms of estrogens are also of potential concern because conjugated estrogens can be easily converted to potent free estrogens by bacteria in wastewater treatment plants and receiving waters and halogenated estrogens are likely produced during wastewater disinfection. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have concurrently characterized free, conjugated, and halogenated estrogens. We have developed a method that is capable of simultaneously quantifying free, conjugated, and halogenated estrogens in treated wastewater effluent, in which detection limits were 0.13-1.3 ng L(-1) (free), 0.11-1.0 ng L(-1) (conjugated), and 0.18-18 ng L(-1) (halogenated). An aqueous phase additive, ammonium fluoride, was used to increase the electrospray (negative mode) ionization efficiency of free and halogenated estrogens by factors of 20 and 2.6, respectively. The method was validated using treated effluent from the greater Boston metropolitan area, where conjugated and halogenated estrogens made up 60-70% of the steroidal estrogen load on a molar basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Griffith
- MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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35
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Liu S, Ying GG, Liu YS, Peng FQ, He LY. Degradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge: comparison to progesterone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10266-10276. [PMID: 23952780 DOI: 10.1021/es304688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestagens in the environment have become a concern due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Laboratory studies were performed to investigate aerobic biodegradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge in comparison with progesterone, and to identify their degradation products and biotransformation pathways. The degradation of norgestrel followed first order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 12.5 d), while progesterone followed zero order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 4.3 h). Four and eight degradation products were identified for norgestrel and progesterone, respectively. Six norgestrel-degrading bacterial strains (Enterobacter ludwigii, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, Pseudomonas monteilii, Comamonas testosteroni, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, and Chryseobacterium indologenes) and one progesterone-degrading bacterial strain (Comamonas testosteroni) were successfully isolated from the enrichment culture inoculated with aerobic activated sludge. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the biodegradation products and degrading bacteria for norgestrel under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
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36
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Chaisuwan N, Xu H, Wu G, Liu J. A highly sensitive differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for determination of 17β-estradiol (E2) using CdSe quantum dots based on indirect competitive immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 46:150-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Rao K, Lei B, Li N, Ma M, Wang Z. Determination of estrogens and estrogenic activities in water from three rivers in Tianjin, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1164-1171. [PMID: 24191606 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies on estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) occurrence and identification of main responsible compounds in river water discharged into the sea are of significance. In the present research, we screened estrogenic activities of 10 river water samples from 3 main rivers discharged into Bohai Sea in Tianjin using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay and chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with 17beta-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 5.72 to 59.06 ng/L. Six most concerned EDCs in the river water samples including estrone, 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, estriol, diethylstilbestrol and estradiol valerate were determined, with their concentrations up to 50.70, 31.40, 24.40, 37.20, 2.56, and 8.47 ng/L, respectively. Through causality analysis by comparing the EEQ values of yeast assay and chemical analysis, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and 17beta-estradiol were identified as the main contributors to the estrogenic effects of the river samples, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (62.99% to 185.66%), and estrogen antagonistic compounds might presented in the heavy polluted water samples. The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and bioassay could be used for identification and evaluation of the estrogenic activity of EDCs in river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Rao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and high resolution mass spectrometry as analytical tools to characterize multi-class cytostatic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1276:78-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Kopperi M, Ruiz-Jiménez J, Hukkinen JI, Riekkola ML. New way to quantify multiple steroidal compounds in wastewater by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 761:217-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Migowska N, Caban M, Stepnowski P, Kumirska J. Simultaneous analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogenic hormones in water and wastewater samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 441:77-88. [PMID: 23137972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the group of pharmaceuticals that is most often found in the environment, whereas estrogenic hormones are considered to be potent endocrine disruptors. However, the fate and persistence of these compounds in the environment are still unclear. In this study we propose two approaches for determining these compounds in environmental water samples: GC-MS using time windows and operating in selected ion-monitoring mode (SIM) and, for the first time, gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The identification criteria of both methods fulfilled the requirements of Directive 2002/657/EC. The use of time windows improved the sensitivity of GC-MS measurements. In GC-MS analysis the pharmaceuticals were determined as trimethylsilyl, in GC-ECD as pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The influence of such parameters as the type of reagent, type of solvent, reaction time, reaction temperature and microwave irradiation in a household microwave oven on the efficacy of silylation was investigated. Derivatization using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in pyridine (1:1, v/v) for 30 min in 60 °C was found to be optimal. Optimization of the solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) confirmed that the application of Oasis HLB cartridges, the acidification of loading samples to pH2 and the use of methanol as eluent gave the best absolute recoveries (ARs) of the target compounds. The following ARs of all the compounds were achieved: 58.2-106.8% in influent wastewater, 77.8-103.4% in effluent wastewater and 81.2-101.9% in surface water samples. Validation of the SPE-GC-MS method enables 13 pharmaceuticals to be determined with MDLs between 3.3 and 343.6 ng/L, depending on the analytes and matrices. GC-ECD analysis enables the determination of 6 pharmaceuticals in surface water samples with MDLs between 0.7 and 5.4 ng/L. The proposed methods were successfully used for analyzing selected pharmaceuticals in wastewaters and river waters in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Migowska
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Sobieskiego 18/19, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Zamora D, Blanco M. Improving the efficiency of ion mobility spectrometry analyses by using multivariate calibration. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 726:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Tomšíková H, Aufartová J, Solich P, Nováková L, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. High-sensitivity analysis of female-steroid hormones in environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Hu Y, Fan Y, Li G. Preparation and evaluation of a porous monolithic capillary column for microextraction of estrogens from urine and milk samples online coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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New trends in fast liquid chromatography for food and environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:298-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Bronshtein A, Krol A, Schlesinger H, Altstein M. Development of Immunochemical Methods for Purification and Detection of the Steroid Drug Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.37076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Liu S, Ying GG, Zhao JL, Zhou LJ, Yang B, Chen ZF, Lai HJ. Occurrence and fate of androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids and progestagens in two different types of municipal wastewater treatment plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:482-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10783f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Wang HX, Zhou Y, Jiang QW. Simultaneous screening of estrogens, progestogens, and phenols and their metabolites in potable water and river water by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Simultaneous online SPE-LC-MS/MS quantification of six widely used synthetic progestins in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 403:961-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Li K, Wang H, Brant CO, Ahn S, Li W. Multiplex quantification of lamprey specific bile acid derivatives in environmental water using UHPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3879-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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50
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Liu ZH, Ogejo JA, Pruden A, Knowlton KF. Occurrence, fate and removal of synthetic oral contraceptives (SOCs) in the natural environment: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:5149-61. [PMID: 21975000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic oral contraceptives (SOCs) are a group of compounds with progestagenic and/or androgenic activities, with some also possessing estrogenic activities. Recent research has documented that some of these emerging contaminants have adverse effects on aquatic organisms at very low concentrations. To facilitate the evaluation of their latent risks, published works on their occurrence and fate in the environment are reviewed. Androgenic/progestagenic relative potencies or relative binding affinity of these SOCs as well as their physicochemical properties and toxicity are summarized. Appropriate analytical methods are outlined for various environmental sample types, including methods of sample preparation and limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ). Finally results on their occurrence and fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other environments are critically examined.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/analysis
- Androgens/chemistry
- Androgens/metabolism
- Androgens/toxicity
- Animals
- Aquatic Organisms/chemistry
- Aquatic Organisms/drug effects
- Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic/analysis
- Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic/chemistry
- Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic/metabolism
- Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic/toxicity
- Environmental Monitoring/methods
- Estrogens/analysis
- Estrogens/chemistry
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Estrogens/toxicity
- Humans
- Limit of Detection
- Molecular Structure
- Progestins/analysis
- Progestins/chemistry
- Progestins/metabolism
- Progestins/toxicity
- Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-hua Liu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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