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Liu Y, Li W, Ding Z, Li Q, Wang X, Liu J, Zhuo S, Shao R, Ling Q, Zheng T, Li J. Three-dimensional ordered macroporous magnetic photonic crystal microspheres for enrichment and detection of mycotoxins (II): The application in liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector for mycotoxins. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1604:460475. [PMID: 31466701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment, separation and purification are very important to accurately analyze mycotoxins in complicated samples. In the work, we developed a new enrichment, purification and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and Zearalenone (ZEN) assay using the macroporous magnetic 3D photonic crystal microspheres (3DPCMs). The conditions of enrichment and purification for mycotoxins have been optimized, which are as follows: pore size of 3DPCMs at 280 nm, 1:1 methanol:acetonitrile (v/v) as eluent, antibody concentrations at 60 µg/mL,60 µg/mL and 120 µg/mL for OTA, AFB1 and ZEN, respectively. The recovery rates in the rice, wheat and corn samples range from 70.01% to 100.12% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) range from 0.45% to 7.09%. The recovery rates used 3DPCMs are almost tenfold higher than that used non-macroporous PCMs in the same conditions. The developed method is simple, rapid (time including enrichment, purification and detection <2 h) and only requires small volume reagents (≤200 µL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Ding
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Siqi Zhuo
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Rui Shao
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Qianqian Ling
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Tiesong Zheng
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China.
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, De Saeger S, Eriksen GS, Farmer P, Fremy JM, Gong YY, Meyer K, Naegeli H, Parent-Massin D, Rietjens I, van Egmond H, Altieri A, Eskola M, Gergelova P, Ramos Bordajandi L, Benkova B, Dörr B, Gkrillas A, Gustavsson N, van Manen M, Edler L. Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04718. [PMID: 32625635 PMCID: PMC7010102 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurring predominantly in cereal grains. Following the request of the European Commission, the CONTAM Panel assessed the risk to animal and human health related to DON, 3-acetyl-DON (3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside in food and feed. A total of 27,537, 13,892, 7,270 and 2,266 analytical data for DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside, respectively, in food, feed and unprocessed grains collected from 2007 to 2014 were used. For human exposure, grains and grain-based products were main sources, whereas in farm and companion animals, cereal grains, cereal by-products and forage maize contributed most. DON is rapidly absorbed, distributed, and excreted. Since 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON are largely deacetylated and DON-3-glucoside cleaved in the intestines the same toxic effects as DON can be expected. The TDI of 1 μg/kg bw per day, that was established for DON based on reduced body weight gain in mice, was therefore used as a group-TDI for the sum of DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside. In order to assess acute human health risk, epidemiological data from mycotoxicoses were assessed and a group-ARfD of 8 μg/kg bw per eating occasion was calculated. Estimates of acute dietary exposures were below this dose and did not raise a health concern in humans. The estimated mean chronic dietary exposure was above the group-TDI in infants, toddlers and other children, and at high exposure also in adolescents and adults, indicating a potential health concern. Based on estimated mean dietary concentrations in ruminants, poultry, rabbits, dogs and cats, most farmed fish species and horses, adverse effects are not expected. At the high dietary concentrations, there is a potential risk for chronic adverse effects in pigs and fish and for acute adverse effects in cats and farmed mink.
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Determination of zearalenone with a glassy carbon electrode modified with nanocomposite consisting of palladium nanoparticles and a conductive polymeric ionic liquid. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ribeiro AR, Maia A, Santos M, Tiritan ME, Ribeiro CMR. Occurrence of Natural Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Douro River Estuary, Portugal. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:361-371. [PMID: 26318103 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies demonstrated the presence of diverse environmental contaminants in the Douro River estuary, such as natural and synthetic estrogens, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds and pesticides. This estuary is located between two densely populated cities and is highly impacted due to anthropogenic activities, such as industry and agriculture. Although the presence of mycotoxins and phytoestrogens, such as lignans and coumestrans, in the aquatic environment is reported by some authors, their occurrence in Portuguese waters was not investigated yet. To evaluate the presence of phytoestrogens, phytosterols and mycotoxins in Douro River estuary, water samples were collected seasonally at nine sampling points, preconcentrated by solid phase extraction and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Local flora was collected on the riverside, in the same sampling points, for identification and evaluation of the possible relation to the presence of phytoestrogens and/or phytosterols in the estuarine water. Results showed the ubiquitous presence of mycotoxins, namely deoxynivalenol up to 373.5 ng L(-1). Both phytoestrogens and phytosterols showed a possible seasonal fluctuation, which is in accordance to the life cycle of the local flora and agricultural practices. Physicochemical parameters were also determined for water quality evaluation. This study revealed for the first time the presence of mycotoxins and lignans in estuarine waters from Portugal, and highlights the need to consider natural contaminants in future monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Maia
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Mariana Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Maria Rosa Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
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Ran R, Wang C, Han Z, Wu A, Zhang D, Shi J. Determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives: Current status of analytical methods. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Xie J, Peng T, Chen DD, Zhang QJ, Wang GM, Wang X, Guo Q, Jiang F, Chen D, Deng J. Determination of malachite green, crystal violet and their leuco-metabolites in fish by HPLC–VIS detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 913-914:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schirhagl R, Latif U, Podlipna D, Blumenstock H, Dickert FL. Natural and Biomimetic Materials for the Detection of Insulin. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3908-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090
Vienna, Austria
| | - Usman Latif
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090
Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Tobe Camp, University Road, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Dagmar Podlipna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090
Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Blumenstock
- Sanofi Germany, Process Development Biotechnology, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz L. Dickert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090
Vienna, Austria
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Maragos CM. Signal amplification using colloidal gold in a biolayer interferometry-based immunosensor for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1108-17. [PMID: 22489824 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.671789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxin produced by certain species of Fusarium fungi that can infest wheat, barley and corn. The fungi cause diseases in crops worldwide and some of the secondary metabolites, such as DON, can adversely affect animal health and food safety. To monitor DON in wheat rapidly, a biosensor using the principle of biolayer interferometry (BLI) was developed. The signal from the sensor was substantially amplified through the use of a primary antibody-colloidal gold conjugate. The amplification was much greater in the presence of wheat matrix than in buffered solution, suggesting matrix components may have contributed to the enhancement. The improved signal provided by the amplification allowed for the development of rapid qualitative and quantitative assays. The limit of detection of the method was 0.09 mg kg(-1); the limit of quantitation was 0.35 mg kg(-1). Recovery from wheat spiked over the range from 0.2 to 5 mg kg(-1) averaged 103% (RSD = 12%). The quantitative assay compared favourably (r(2) = 0.9698) with a reference chromatographic method for 40 naturally contaminated wheats. The qualitative assay was able to classify accurately the same group of 40 samples as either above or below a 0.5 mg kg(-1) threshold. These results suggest that the BLI technique can be used to measure DON in wheat rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Maragos
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Maragos CM, Li L, Chen D. Production and characterization of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.598921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Selective sample cleanup by immunoaffinity chromatography for determination of fenvalerate in vegetables. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3531-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Reiter EV, Cichna-Markl M, Tansakul N, Shim WB, Chung DH, Zentek J, Razzazi-Fazeli E. Sol–gel immunoaffinity chromatography for the clean up of ochratoxin A contaminated grains. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7627-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
So far, solid phase extraction, the use of MycoSep columns and immunoaffinity chromatography are the most common clean-up methods in mycotoxin analysis. Among these methods, immunoaffinity chromatography offers the highest selectivity and therefore the highest efficiency in removing interfering matrix compounds and enriching the analyte. Common immunoaffinity columns are prepared by covalently binding the antibodies to a solid support material which, due to the harsh conditions applied, frequently lowers their affinity for the antigen. The review article presents new strategies which have been developed to overcome this problem: sol-gel immunoaffinity chromatography, immuno-ultrafiltration, the use of aptamers as selective ligands and the application of molecularly imprinted polymers. The present paper covers the principles as well as the application of these approaches for sample clean-up in mycotoxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cichna-Markl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Choi EH, Kim DM, Choi SW, Eremin SA, Chun HS. Optimisation and validation of a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay for rapid detection of zearalenone in corn. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Maragos CM. Detection of deoxynivalenol using biolayer interferometry. Mycotoxin Res 2011; 27:157-65. [PMID: 23605795 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-011-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biolayer interferometry allows for the real time monitoring of the interactions between molecules without the need for reagents with enzymatic, fluorescent, or radioactive labels. The technology is based upon the changes in interference pattern of light reflected from the surface of an optical fiber when materials bind to the tip of the fiber. The technique represents an alternative to technologies such as surface plasmon resonance, with an advantage in that the flow of extracts through small capillaries is not required. In this report, a deoxynivalenol-bovine serum albumin (DON-BSA) conjugate was non-covalently immobilized to the surface of aminopropylsilane sensors and the change in interference pattern resulting from the binding of DON-specific antibodies was measured. The basis for the assay was the competition between DON and the immobilized DON-BSA for binding to limited amounts of antibody. The technique was used to measure DON in extracts of spiked whole wheat flour, with a limit of detection of 0.10 mg DON/kg. Matrix interferences were an issue, and adequate quantification required using matrix-matched standards. When samples were tested with sensors that had not been conditioned to remove loosely attached DON-BSA, the recoveries at five spiking levels over the range from 0.2 to 5 mg/kg averaged 108.8% [relative standard deviation (RSD) 16.0%]. Using sensors that had been conditioned lowered the average recovery (101.4%) and improved the RSD (13.2%). This suggests that conditioning the sensors helped reduce a bias in the assay towards overestimation. These results, and the ease with which assays can be conducted, suggest further exploration of this technology for detection of mycotoxins is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Maragos
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Jonker M, Krska R, MacDonald S, Malone B, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2009-2010. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2009 and mid-2010. It covers the major mycotoxins aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. New and improved methods for mycotoxins continue to be published. Immunological-based method developments continue to be of wide interest in a broad range of formats. Multimycotoxin determination by LC-MS/MS is now being targeted at the specific ranges of mycotoxins and matrices of interest or concern to the individual laboratory. Although falling outside the main emphasis of the review, some aspects of natural occurrence have been mentioned, especially if linked to novel method developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P. Burdaspal
- National Centre for Food, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Carretera a Pozuelo Km 5.1, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jonker
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - B. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H. van Egmond
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Schirhagl R, Latif U, Dickert FL. Atrazine detection based on antibody replicas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11576f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Xu L, Qiu S, Sun CJ, Deng QP, Chen HX, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Determination of epitestosterone in human urine by off-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1443-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Schirhagl R, Podlipna D, Lieberzeit PA, Dickert FL. Comparing biomimetic and biological receptors for insulin sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3128-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c000936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Determination of deoxynivalenol in organic and conventional food and feed by sol–gel immunoaffinity chromatography and HPLC–UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:187-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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