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Sanam T, Nagaraju U, P. S B, Nerella SG, R J, G. G K, V SS. Evaluation of phytoconstituents in marigold effluent for their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1345543. [PMID: 38638802 PMCID: PMC11025535 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1345543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The current study placed an intense emphasis on the excess discharge of agro-based industrial effluent and the use of plant extract antimicrobials to inhibit the growth of pathogens in crop plants. An effluent (treated and untreated) from the marigold flower processing industry has been identified for the presence of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, and a total of 18 in treated effluent and 23 in untreated effluent were found using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 13 classes were identified, which include carboxylic acid, phenols, esters, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, cyanide, heterocyclic, flavonoids, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic, cycloalkanes, and cycloalkenes. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was applied to discern the abundance of identified compounds under each class. An in vitro antifungal bioassay was conducted using effluents at three different concentrations against plant pathogens (Alternaria alter nata, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). The study proved that treated and untreated effluents clearly inhibited the growth of fungal pathogens by 10 to 32% and 37 to 92%, respectively. The findings suggest that marigold flower effluent can be a promising resource for developing new plant protection methods that are effective against pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulja Sanam
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Umashankar Nagaraju
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Benherlal P. S
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jayaramaiah. R
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Kadalli. G. G
- Department of Soil Science and Analytical Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Satya Srii. V
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
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2
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Li K, Li H, Zhang Q, Yang D, Yang Y. Core-shell structure DA-CDs/AuNPs for the recognition of fenamidone by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123865. [PMID: 38219613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a facile synthesis method for dopamine carbon dots-based Au nanoparticles (DA-CDs/AuNPs) by seed gold method was reported as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) booster. DA-CDs with rich in surface functional groups was synthesized using dopamine, citric acid and ethylenediamine as precursors by a facile hydrothermal method, and can be used as the capping agents and reducing agents for the synthesis of DA-CDs/AuNPs. Due to the electromagnetic "hot spots" effect, DA-CDs/AuNPs with core-shell structure exhibited strong SERS activity. Based on the specific interaction of DA-CDs/AuNPs and fenamidone, a detection method of fenamidone was established with a low detection limit of 0.05 μg/mL. Finally, the SERS sensor was successfully applied to the detection of fenamidone in fruit with recoveries between 90.6 % and 98.7 %. The method here proposed can be reliably applied for fenamidone detection on fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexiang Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Hong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan Province 650100, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Yunnan Lunyang Technology Co., Ltd, Yunnan Province 650032, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
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Li R, Men X, Li R, Liu T, Liang H, Fang F, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang Y. Residue behaviors and dietary risk of cyazofamid in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce assessed by a QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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4
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Otero P, Echave J, Chamorro F, Soria-Lopez A, Cassani L, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA, Fraga-Corral M. Challenges in the Application of Circular Economy Models to Agricultural By-Products: Pesticides in Spain as a Case Study. Foods 2023; 12:3054. [PMID: 37628052 PMCID: PMC10453233 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The income and residue production from agriculture has a strong impact in Spain. A circular economy and a bioeconomy are two alternative sustainable models that include the revalorization of agri-food by-products to recover healthy biomolecules. However, most crops are conventional, implying the use of pesticides. Hence, the reutilization of agri-food by-products may involve the accumulation of pesticides. Even though the waste-to-bioproducts trend has been widely studied, the potential accumulation of pesticides during by-product revalorization has been scarcely assessed. Therefore, in this study, the most common pesticides found in eight highly productive crops in Spain are evaluated according to the available published data, mainly from EFSA reports. Among these, oranges, berries and peppers showed an increasing tendency regarding pesticide exceedances. In addition, the adverse effects of pesticides on human and animal health and the environment were considered. Finally, a safety assessment was developed to understand if the reutilization of citrus peels to recover ascorbic acid (AA) would represent a risk to human health. The results obtained seem to indicate the safety of this by-product to recover AA concentrations to avoid scurvy (45 mg/day) and improve health (200 mg/day). Therefore, this work evaluates the potential risk of pesticide exposure through the revalorization of agri-food by-products using peels from citruses, one of the major agricultural crops in Spain, as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Anton Soria-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEMA-CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
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Cheng Y, Wu A, Guo L, Sun M, Gao R, Kuang H, Xu C, Xu L. Lateral flow immunoassay based on gold nanoparticles for rapid and sensitive detection of zoxamide in grape, tomato and cucumber samples. Food Chem 2023; 426:136533. [PMID: 37336101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In the study, we discovered zoxamide hapten (ZOX-hapten) by introducing a carboxyl extension chain, combined it with protein to make a complete antigen to immunize mice, and generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ZOX. To identify ZOX residues in grape, tomato, and cucumber samples, we used our anti-ZOX mAb to develop a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip. In grape, tomato, and cucumber samples, the calculated detection limit of the LFIA strip in grape, tomato and cucumber samples was 3.44, 4.78 and 3.53 ng/g, respectively. Using the LFIA strip, the recovery rate from grape samples was 96.4-106.8%, and that from tomato samples was 98.4-107.5%, while the recovery from cucumber samples was 99.4-111.3%. These results showed that our LFIA strip could be expected to achieve rapid screening of ZOX residues in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Contribution of critical doses of iprovalicarb, mepanipyrim and tetraconazole to the generation of volatile compounds from Monastrell-based wines. Food Chem 2023; 403:134324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Mandal S, Poi R, Hazra DK, Ansary I, Bhattacharyya S, Karmakar R. Review of extraction and detection techniques for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits to evaluate food safety and make legislative decisions: Challenges and anticipations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123587. [PMID: 36628882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are vital parts of the human diet because they include necessary nutrients that the body needs. Pesticide use has increased dramatically in recent years to combat fruit pests across the world. Pesticide usage during production, on the other hand, frequently results in undesirable residues in fruits after harvest. Consumers are concerned about pesticide residues since most of the fruits are directly consumed and even recommended for the patients as dietary supplements. As a result of this worry, pesticide residues in fruits are being randomly monitored to re-assess the food safety situation and make informed legislative decisions. To assess the degree of pesticide residues in fruits, a simple and quick analytical procedure is usually required. As a result, pesticide residue detection (using various analytical techniques: GC, LC and Biosensors) becomes critical, and regulatory directives are formed to regulate their amounts via the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Over the previous two decades, a variety of extraction techniques and analytical methodologies for xenobiotic's efficient extraction, identification, confirmation and quantification have been developed, ranging from traditional to advanced. The goal of this review is to give readers an overview of the evolution of numerous extraction and detection methods for pesticide residue analysis in fruits. The objective is to assist analysts in better understanding how the ever-changing regulatory landscape might drive the need for new analytical methodologies to be developed in order to comply with current standards and safeguard consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Mandal
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Poi
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Hazra
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Inul Ansary
- Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Sudip Bhattacharyya
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Karmakar
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Determination of boscalid, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin in dried grape and apricot by HPLC/UV method. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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YAN Z, CAI G, JIN Z, FU Y, MA J, LI M, HAN W, WU Y. Determination of pyraclostrobin residue in wax gourd and its dietary risk assessment. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmin YAN
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Guanghui CAI
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, China
| | - Zhong JIN
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Yanyan FU
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Jingwei MA
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, China
| | - Meng LI
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, China
| | - Wenhao HAN
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
| | - Yanbing WU
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Risk Control, China
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Wang Y, Fu L, Xu Z, Ji S, Zhuang P. Determination of Cyazofamid and Its Metabolite in Oily Agricultural Products with HPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:970-976. [PMID: 35141758 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of cyazofamid and its major metabolite 4-Chloro-5-(4-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile (CCIM) in oily samples. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, which contained 1% acetic acid and cleaned-up with C18 and Florisil absorbents. Recoveries ranged from 75.91% to 109.85% with coefficients of variation from 5.14% to 10.69%. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were >0.0020 mg kg-1 and ≤0.0040 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were smaller than maximum residue levels established by Australia for oily samples. The proposed fragmentation pathway of cyazofamid and CCIM were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wang
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Lingmei Fu
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Shaofan Ji
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Peng Zhuang
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou 570311, China
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Guo Q, Qin Y, Pan L, Xie F, Liu S, Sun X, Wang X, Cai J, Zhao X, Liu H. Accuracy improvement of determination of seven minor tobacco alkaloids in mainstream cigarette smoke using analyte protectants by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Differences in the levels of sulphites and pesticide residues in soils and wines and under organic and conventional production methods. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Zhang C, Li S, Wu J, Ping T, Ma L, Wang K, Lian K. Developing a hydroxyl-functionalized magnetic porous organic polymer combined with HPLC-MS/MS for determining 31 amide herbicides in fruit wine. Food Chem 2022; 403:134442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tian F, Qiao C, Wang C, Pang T, Guo L, Li J, Pang R, Xie H. The fate of thiamethoxam and its main metabolite clothianidin in peaches and the wine-making process. Food Chem 2022; 382:132291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Farajzadeh MA, Fazli N, Pezhhanfar S, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Combination of a dispersive solid phase extraction method based on octadecylamine modified magnetic nanoparticles with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of pesticides. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2376-2388. [PMID: 35666192 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a new and efficient sorbent has been prepared using the co-precipitation method for magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. This method was used for the extraction and preconcentration of some widely-used pesticides (chlorpyrifos, haloxyfop-R-methyl, oxadiazon, diniconazole, clodinafop-propargyl, fenpropathrin, and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) from fruit juices prior to their determination by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The sorbent was prepared by octadecylamine co-precipitation with Fe3O4. In the first step, mg amount of the magnetic sorbent was spread into an aqueous sample solution including the selected analytes and vortexed. Then the analytes were eluted with acetonitrile from the surface of the nanoparticles separated with an external magnetic field from the aqueous solution. In the second step, the obtained eluent was mixed with an extraction solvent (chloroform) at the μL-level and rapidly injected into deionized water. After centrifugation, an aliquot of the sedimented phase was injected into the separation system. Experimental parameters which control the performance of both steps were investigated and optimized. Using optimum extraction conditions, the proposed method provided low limits of detection (0.23-0.41 μg L-1) and quantification (0.81-1.3 μg L-1), high enrichment factors (353-443), acceptable extraction recoveries (70-88%), and satisfactory relative standard deviations (≤6%) for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 30 μg L-1 of each pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Nasim Fazli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sakha Pezhhanfar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Guo Q, Pan L, Qin Y, Xie F, Wang X, Zhao X, Chen L, Wang B, Cai J, Liu H. Combined use of analyte protectants and precolumn backflushing for a robust, high-throughput quantitative determination of aroma compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Liu S, Bai A, Song L, Zou N, Han Y, Zhou L, Yu C, Li C, Pan C. Utilizing a Rapid Multi-Plug Filtration Cleanup Method for 72 Pesticide Residues in Grape Wines Followed by Detection with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112731. [PMID: 34829012 PMCID: PMC8623294 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and fast multi-residue method for the efficient identification and quantification of 72 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes in red and white grape wines has been developed. The analysis was based on gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric determination (GC-MS/MS). The optimization strategy involved the selection of the amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the number of cleanup procedure cycles for multi-plug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) to achieve ideal recoveries and reduce the sample matrix compounds in the final extracts. The optimized procedure obtained consistent recoveries between 70.2 and 108.8% (70.2 and 108.8% for white wine, and 72.3 and 108.4% for red wine), with relative standard deviations (RSDs) that were generally lower than 9.2% at the three spiking levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg. The linearity was studied in the range between 0.002 and 0.1 mg/kg using pesticide standards prepared both in pure solvent and in the presence of the matrix, showing coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.9495 for all the pesticides. To improve accuracy, matrix-matched calibration curves were used for calculating the quantification results. Finally, the method was used successfully for detecting pesticide residues in commercial grape wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Aijuan Bai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Le Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Nan Zou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yongtao Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;
| | - Chuanshan Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Changjun Li
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.Z.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-10-6273-3620
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Yang Y, Li Y, Huang Z, Tian Y, Qian C, Duan Y. Trace detection of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables via enrichment by magnetic zirconia and temperature-assisted ambient micro-fabricated glow discharge plasma desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:6944-6954. [PMID: 34647931 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01600h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an innovative rapid detection technology for quickly screening and quantifying organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables was developed based on ambient micro-fabricated glow discharge plasma desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MFGDP-MS), where Fe3O4/ZrO2 synthesized by a one-step coprecipitation was used for enrichment. It can not only effectively enrich OPPs, but can be separated by an external magnetic field, thereby simplifying the traditional steps of centrifugation and cleanup in sample preparation. The introduction of a temperature control system (TCS) can tackle the problem of the low ionization efficiency in MFGDP and expand its application range. Under optimized experimental conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of the standard solution as low as 0.0068-0.7500 μg L-1 mm-2 were achieved, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 17.8%. Moreover, vegetable extracts were spiked to evaluate the accuracy of the method, and good recoveries (76.9-123.5%) were obtained. Remarkably, it took no more than 7 minutes from sample preparation to testing, resulting in significantly improved ability of the quantitative detection of plentiful samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Li R, Pan X, An X, Wang K, Dong F, Xu J, Liu X, Wu X, Zheng Y. Monitoring the behavior of imazalil and its metabolite in grapes, apples, and the processing of fruit wine at enantiomeric level. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5478-5486. [PMID: 33682082 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imazalil is widely used in agriculture, which may pose a threat to food safety. This study aimed to investigate the fate of imazalil and its main metabolite, R14821 (imazalil-M), in field grapes and apples, and in the processing of fruit wine at the enantiomeric level. RESULTS Analysis method was established to determine imazalil and imazalil-M enantiomers in grape, apple, fruit wine and pomace. The method showed acceptable recoveries of 71.6-99.9% and precision with relative standard deviation of 0.3-11.7%. Processing factors (PFs) were 0.15-0.40 (for imazalil enantiomers) and <0.13-0.83 (for imazalil-M enantiomers) during the wine-making process. The PFs after individual steps including washing, peeling, fermentation, and clarification were all less than 1. No enantioselective dissipation of imazalil was found in grapes under field conditions with half-lives of 23.82-24.49 days. R-(-)-imazalil degraded slightly faster than S-(+)-imazalil in apples under field conditions with half-lives of 9.82-10.09 days. S-(+)-imazalil-M preferentially degraded in field grapes and apple. No significant enantioselectivity of imazalil and imazalil-M was observed during the wine-making process. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values of imazalil were 0.484-0.511 and 0.509-0.522 in grape wine and cider, respectively. The EFs were 0.484-0.501(in grape wine) and 0.484-0.504 (in cider) for imazalil-M. CONCLUSION The results showed that the wine-making process could reduce imazalil and imazalil-M residues in grapes and apples. The finding of non-enantioselectivity of imazalil during the processing of fruit wine was useful for accurate risk assessment for imazalil in raw and processing fruits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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20
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Kosma CI, Koloka OL, Albanis TA, Konstantinou IK. Accurate mass screening of pesticide residues in wine by modified QuEChERS and LC-hybrid LTQ/Orbitrap-MS. Food Chem 2021; 360:130008. [PMID: 34000630 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS), were combined to obtain a sensitive and rapid method for the determination of multiclass pesticides in white and red wines. The optimization strategy involved the selection of buffering conditions, by applying different QuEChERS procedures and sorbents for the cleanup step in order to achieve acceptably high recoveries and low co-extractives in the final extracts. Identification was based on both accurate mass and retention time, while further confirmation was achieved by MS fragmentation. The method was evaluated in terms of linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), matrix effects (ME) and expanded uncertainty. The validated method was successfully applied to real samples (home-made and commercial) revealing the presence of two selected fungicides, in relatively low levels compared to the MRLs defined by the EU for vinification grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Ourania L Koloka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos A Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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21
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Soliman M. Sandwich injection and analyte protectants as a way to decrease the drift due to matrix effect between bracketing calibration in GC-MS/MS: A case study. Talanta 2021; 225:121970. [PMID: 33592804 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In pesticide residues analysis, the drift is the difference between the concentration of two bracketing calibrations in the same batch. According to the SANTE/12682/2019 guideline a criterion of ±30% must be met or positive samples should be reanalyzed. This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the efficiency of using analyte protectants (Aps) and the sandwich injection approach (SIA) to eliminate the drift between bracketing matrix matched-calibrations taking strawberry as an example. The strawberry samples were prepared according to the citrate-buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure, followed by solvent exchange from acetonitrile to n-hexane:actone (9:1). Two batches were injected with the same sequence on GC-MS/MS, the only difference was that the first batch was without Aps and the second was with Aps. The sequence of the batch was as follows: blank solvent injection, 5 strawberry matched-calibrations at 0.05 μg/ml, separated by 20 blank strawberry injections after each strawberry matched-calibration injection. The drift was measured by considering the results of the first calibration as 100% and comparing the rest 4 injections with it. After 20 injections, out of the studied 219 pesticides, more than half of the pesticides fell out of criteria when analyte protectants were not used, and by the end of the samples batch 95% of the analytes were out of criteria. Only 8% of the studied analytes were out of criteria for the Aps batch after 20 injections. In the end of the 80 samples batch, 17% were out of criteria. Furthermore, at the end of the protected matrix-matched calibration batch, 90% of the pesticides had an RSD less than 15% in comparison with only 5% of the analytes for the non-protected batch. Moreover, the non-protected batch had an obvious negative drift in comparison with the protected batch. For example, the number of pesticides that had a lower result in the second matrix matched-calibration for the non-protected batch was more than twice the number in the protected batch (194 compared to 91 out of 219 pesticides for both experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Soliman
- Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP Egypt), 7-Nadi Elsaid St, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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22
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He NX, Bayen S. An overview of chemical contaminants and other undesirable chemicals in alcoholic beverages and strategies for analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3916-3950. [PMID: 33337040 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of chemical contaminant in alcoholic beverages is a widespread and notable problem with potential implications for human health. With the complexity and wide variation in the raw materials, production processes, and contact materials involved, there are a multitude of opportunities for a diverse host of undesirable compounds to make their way into the final product-some of which may currently remain unidentified and undetected. This review provides an overview of the notable contaminants (including pesticides, environmental contaminants, mycotoxins, process-induced contaminants, residues of food contact material [FCM], and illegal additives) that have been detected in alcoholic products thus far based on prior reviews and findings in the literature, and will additionally consider the potential sources for contamination, and finally discuss and identify gaps in current analytical strategies. The findings of this review highlight a need for further investigation into unwanted substances in alcoholic beverages, particularly concerning chemical migrants from FCMs, as well as a need for comprehensive nontargeted analytical techniques capable of determining unanticipated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Xiaohe He
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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23
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The effect of two antifungal commercial formulations on the metabolism of a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and their repercussion on fermentation evolution and phenylalanine catabolism. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Introduction of a new procedure for the synthesis of polysulfone magnetic nanoparticles and their application in magnetic solid phase extraction for the extraction of some pesticides from fruit and vegetable juices. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Medina MB, Munitz MS, Resnik SL. Effect of household rice cooking on pesticide residues. Food Chem 2020; 342:128311. [PMID: 33051103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This investigation shows the pesticide distribution and reduction using three common household cooking methods. Extraction was performed using QuEChERS and solid phase microextraction methodologies for rice and water, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. Both methods showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9996 and 0.9945), adequate recoveries (between 98.9 and 107.8% and 90.5-104.2%) and relative standard deviations lower than 4.5% and 7.0%, for rice and water, respectively. The initial concentration of deltamethrin, penconazole, kresoxim-methyl, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin, were 84.9, 242.2, 298.5, 230.7, 253.4 and 293.5 µg/kg, respectively. Washing and soaking water reduce pesticides only 0.40 to 4.28%. The pesticide reduction during cooking were 20.73 to 57.72%, 32.74 to 70.39%, and 68.87 to 87.50% for traditional, excess water, and pre-soaking rice methods, respectively. Pre-soaking rice with extra water before cooking proved to be the method that generates the greatest reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - Martín Sebastián Munitz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Liliana Resnik
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina; Fundación de Investigaciones Científicas Teresa Benedicta de la Cruz, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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26
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Rodríguez-Ramos R, Lehotay SJ, Michlig N, Socas-Rodríguez B, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Critical review and re-assessment of analyte protectants in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461596. [PMID: 33045497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite nearly 80 years of advancements in gas chromatography (GC), indirect chemical matrix effects (MEs), known as the matrix-induced response enhancement effect, still occur to cause a high bias in the GC analysis of susceptible analytes, unless precautions are taken. Matrix-matched calibration is one common option used in GC to compensate for the MEs, but this approach is usually inconvenient, imprecise, and inefficient. Other options, such as the method of standard additions, surface deactivation techniques, chemical derivatizations, priming the GC, and/or use of internal standards, also have flaws in practice. When methods are accommodating, the use of analyte protectants (APs) can provide the best practical solution to not only overcome MEs, but also to maximize analyte signal by increasing chromatographic and detection efficiencies for the analytes. APs address the source of MEs in every injection by filling active sites in the GC inlet, column, and detector, particularly in GC-MS, rather than the analytes that would otherwise undergo degradation, peak tailing, and/or diminished response due to interactions with the active sites. The addition of an adequate amount of APs (e.g. sugar derivatives) to all calibration standards and final extracts alike often leads to lower detection limits, better accuracy, narrower peaks, and greater robustness than the other options to compensate for MEs in GC. This article consists of a critical review of the scientific literature, proposal of mechanisms and theory, and re-evaluation studies involving APs for the first time in GC-orbitrap and GC-MS/MS with a high-efficiency ion source design. The findings showed that 1 µg each of co-injected shikimic acid and sorbitol in the former case, and 1 µg shikimic acid alone in the latter case, led to high quality results in multi-residue analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), España
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Nicolás Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), España
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Multi-dimensional fingerprint profiling analysis for screening and quantification of illegal adulterated antidiabetics in hypoglycemic health products by aqueous two-phase extraction and multi-wavelength detection. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Combination of analyte protectants and sandwich injection to compensate for matrix effect of pesticides residue in GC–MS/MS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Dong J, Feng Z, Kang S, An M, Wu G. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic amino modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the fast determination of seven pesticide residues in water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2747-2756. [PMID: 32930306 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple analytical method based on magnetic solid-phase extraction with magnetic amino modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is reported for the determination of seven pesticides (futriafol, metalaxyl, myclobutanil, napropamide, epoxiconazole, fipronil and diniconazole) in water samples. In this study, magnetic amino modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized and selected as a new kind of material to adsorb pesticides in the water samples. Various magnetic solid-phase extraction parameters, such as the amount and type of adsorbent, extraction methods, extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvent, desorption time and solution ionic strength, were systematically optimized. Under optimum conditions, the method validation results showed good linearity and recoveries. The calibration curves were in the range of 1.0-100 ng mL-1 for napropamide, epoxiconazole, metalaxyl, and fipronil, while they were 5.0-500 ng mL-1 for futriafol, myclobutanil, and diniconazole, with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9909. The limits of quantification were 1.0-5.0 ng mL-1 and the limits of detection were 0.3-1.5 ng mL-1. The recoveries of the seven pesticides ranged from 80.4% to 103.2%. This developed method, which is more convenient and effective in comparison with traditional methods, has been successfully applied for the analysis of pesticides in water samples qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaNi Dong
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - ZhiAo Feng
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - SongSong Kang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - Ming An
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - GuoDong Wu
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
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Farajzadeh MA, Abbaspour M, Kazemian R, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Preparation of a new three-component deep eutectic solvent and its use as an extraction solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of pesticides in green tea and herbal distillates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1904-1912. [PMID: 31825526 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new solvent, deep eutectic solvent, in which there is growing interest, has been prepared and used as an extraction solvent in the dispersive liquid-liquid method of microextraction. To prepare the solvent, dichloroacetic acid, l-menthol, and n-butanol are mixed at a molar ratio of 4:1:1 and the deep eutectic solvent is formed after heating. Then a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using the prepared solvent is used for the extraction and preconcentration of some pesticides from an aqueous sample. To carry out the procedure, the deep eutectic solvent is mixed with methanol and rapidly injected by a syringe into the aqueous sample containing the analytes. After centrifuging, an aliquot of the sedimented phase is injected into the gas chromatograph. The influence of several variables on the extraction efficiency was investigated and optimized. RESULTS Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors were obtained in the ranges of 53-86% and 1760-2853, respectively. The intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 5) precision of the method was satisfactory, with relative standard deviations ≤ 7% obtained at two concentrations of 10 and 50 μg L-1 of each analyte. Moreover, detection and quantification limits for the target analytes were obtained in the ranges of 0.11-0.23 and 0.38-0.74 μg L-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Different samples, including green tea, rose water, lemon balm, mint, and pussy willow distillates were analyzed successfully using the method that was developed, and chlorpyrifos was found in rose water at a concentration of 17 ± 1 μg L-1 (n = 3). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Maryam Abbaspour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Kazemian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Yang Q, Wei S, Liu N, Gu Z. The Dissipation of Cyazofamid and Its Main Metabolite CCIM During Wine-Making Process. Molecules 2020; 25:E777. [PMID: 32054034 PMCID: PMC7070920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the residues of cyazofamid and its main metabolite CCIM (4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile) in the wine making process, which is crucial to evaluate the potential food risk of cyazofamid and CCIM. In this work, detailed study has been conducted on the evaluation of the fate of cyazofamid and its main metabolite CCIM during the wine-making process. The targeted compounds cyazofamid and CCIM were separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and processing procedure including washing, peeling, fermentation, and clarification. Results showed that residues of cyazofamid and CCIM decreased significantly in wine processing. The dissipation of cyazofamid in the fermentation process followed the first-order of kinetics, and the half-life of cyazofamid was 46.2-63.0 h, whereas, the residues of CCIM, in the three treatments, decreased with time elapse. The processing factors (PFs) were all less than one in different processing processes, and the PFs ranges of cyazofamid and CCIM were 0.003-0.025 and 0.039-0.067 in three treatments in the overall process. The outcome indicated that the whole process could significantly reduce the residues of cyazofamid and CCIM in red and white wines. The results might provide more precise risk assessments of cyazofamid in the wine-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Yang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Q.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiwei Wei
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Q.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zumin Gu
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Q.Y.); (S.W.)
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López-Ruiz R, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Dissipation kinetics of fenamidone, propamocarb and their metabolites in ambient soil and water samples and unknown screening of metabolites. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109818. [PMID: 31733475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fenamidone and propamocarb dissipation study was carried out applying ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). Dissipation kinetics were evaluated in different types of soils and in water under different conditions (sunlight or darkness). In addition, a plant protection product containing both compounds was applied at two doses: (i) single and (ii) double dose in soils, and (i) single and (ii) fivefold dose in water. The fenamidone and propamocarb concentration decreased during the monitored period (100 days), obtaining high persistence in the case of water studies (DT50 > 50 days) and low to medium persistence in soils (DT50 < 50 days). No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and concentration causing 50% lethality (EC50) were calculated and showed that fenamidone could cause toxic effects in soil and water organisms due to very high NOEC values (0.013 mg/L for aquatic invertebrates) while propamocarb did not cause any lethality. Fenamidone and propamocarb metabolites were also monitored with acetophenone and RPA-411639 ((5)-5-methyl-2-(methylthio)-3-(4-S nitrophenyl)amino-5-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazole-4-one) being the main metabolites for fenamidone. These metabolites obtained concentration values of up to 25% initial fenamidone content which can be a risk for the environment and fauna but, despite the toxicity of these compounds, they have not been studied yet. Metabolite 175 m/z and propamocarb n-desmethyl were the main propamocarb metabolites with values of 3% of initial propamocarb content. Three new propamocarb metabolites were detected in water samples and one in soil, highlighting the capabilities of the proposed methodology for monitoring known metabolites and identifying new ones in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain.
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Sieiro-Sampedro T, Figueiredo-González M, González-Barreiro C, Simal-Gandara J, Cancho-Grande B, Rial-Otero R. Impact of mepanipyrim and tetraconazole in Mencía wines on the biosynthesis of volatile compounds during the winemaking process. Food Chem 2019; 300:125223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Borahan T, Unutkan T, Bakırdere S. Simple, Accurate and Precise Determination of the Fungicide Zoxamide in Wine and the Characterization of its Stability in Gastric Conditions by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1695260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Borahan
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Unutkan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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de Barros ALC, de Abreu CG, da Cunha CCRF, da Silva Rodrigues DA, Afonso RJDCF, da Silva GA. Method development for simultaneous determination of polar and nonpolar pesticides in surface water by low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) followed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31609-31622. [PMID: 31482525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During this research, chemometric approaches were applied for optimization of the low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) for the simultaneous analysis of the pesticides: acephate, difenoconazole, fenamidone, fluazifop, fluazinam, methamidophos, and thiamethoxam from surface water samples and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. It was used the 23 full factorial and the Doehlert experimental designs. The extraction technique was optimized by evaluating the effects of the three variables: sample pH, ionic strength (addition of Na2HPO4), and organic solvent volume. Considering the interest to find an optimal condition for all analytes simultaneously, the best extraction parameters found were as follows: pH = 5.33, concentration of Na2HPO4 = 0.0088 mol L-1 and organic phase volume = 4.5 mL. The optimized methodology showed LOD and LOQ levels from 0.33 to 8.13 ng L-1 and from 1.09 to 26.84 ng L-1, respectively. The recovery values ranged from 38.37 and 99.83% and the RSD values varied from 2.33 to 18.92%. The method was applied to surface water analysis sampled in areas with intensive agricultural practices in Ouro Branco City, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The difenoconazole was detected in concentrations between 12.53 and 94.76 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Correa de Barros
- Postgraduation Program in Environmental Engineering (ProAmb), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Grossi de Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gilmare Antônia da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
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Costa CLDA, Cerqueira MBR, Garda-Buffon J. Kresoxim-methyl and famoxadone as activators of toxigenic potential of Aspergillus carbonarius. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1860-1870. [PMID: 31599694 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1670869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by filamentous fungi species belonging to the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. The contamination of grapes by ochratoxigenic species occurs worldwide in regions of tropical and temperate climates. Better control of fungal growth is achieved through good cultural practice and proper selection of fungicides. Kresoxim-methyl and famoxadone are the most common fungicides used in vineyards. This study aimed at analysing the OTA production and toxigenic potential of Aspergillus carbonarius under fungicide treatment with famoxadone and kresoxim-methyl. The growth rate of A. carbonarius was evaluated by measuring the glucosamine content and the diameter of the fungal colonies. OTA production was quantified by HPLC analysis. The treatment with fungicides, kresoxim-methyl and famoxadone, significantly reduced the fungal growth, by 76% and 60%, respectively. However, the mycotoxin production was greater in the fungicide-treated groups than the control group, showing that even though the fungicides were effective in controlling fungal growth, they were ineffective against mycotoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Luiza De Azevedo Costa
- Mycotoxin and Food Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maristela Barnes Rodrigues Cerqueira
- Mycotoxin and Food Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Garda-Buffon
- Mycotoxin and Food Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Mingo V, Leeb C, Fahl AK, Lötters S, Brühl C, Wagner N. Validating buccal swabbing as a minimal-invasive method to detect pesticide exposure in squamate reptiles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:529-537. [PMID: 31100624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzymatic biomarkers constitutes a widely used approach in ecotoxicology. However, standard sampling procedures are invasive, requiring tissue, organ or blood extraction. This leads to concerns regarding conservation practice, animal welfare and restrictions in study design. New techniques are needed to avoid these problems, but still generate reliable data. Here, we aimed at validating the use of buccal swabs as a reliable method to detect pesticide exposure in reptiles. Common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) were divided into control, dermal and oral treatment groups and exposed to different pesticide formulations. Subsequently, buccal swabs were taken and enzymatic activity was analyzed. We were able to confirm the suitability of the method to detect effects of pesticide exposure on the enzymatic level. While exposure to the formulation Roundup Ultramax® didn't match when compared to effects previously observed in situ when compared to other glyphosate based formulations, effects could still be detected. This can be seen as a strong indicator that the active ingredient of a formulation may not always be the mian driver for ecotoxicological effectsat the enzymatic level. At the same time, exposure towards the single formulation Vivando® didn't result in any effects. However, individuals residing in agricultural landscapes will mostly be exposed to pesticide mixes containing different formulations. Our results strongly advocate that buccal swabbing is a reliable minimal invasive method to generate samples for detecting effects of pesticide exposure in reptiles. Due to its easy handling, we believe it will provide new opportunities concerning study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mingo
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leeb
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Forststraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Fahl
- RWTH Aachen, Institute for Environmental Sciences (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lötters
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Carsten Brühl
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Forststraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Norman Wagner
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296, Trier, Germany
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Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX) Coupled with Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Pesticide Residues in Wine Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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López-Ruiz R, Romero-González R, Serra B, Garrido Frenich A. Dissipation kinetic studies of fenamidone and propamocarb in vegetables under greenhouse conditions using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:36-46. [PMID: 30913426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fenamidone, propamocarb and their transformation products were monitored in cherry tomato, cucumber, and courgette samples. A mixture of both compounds, which have different physico-chemical characteristics, are commercially available (Consento®). For analysis, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) were used. The dissipation of these active ingredients was monitored at two doses (normal and double dose) from 1 to 40 days after the application of the commercial product. Half-lives (DT50) were lower than 30 days for both compounds, which indicates low persistence. Metabolites of both compounds were also monitored due to in some cases these can be more dangerous for human health than the parent compounds. The metabolites monitored were RPA 410193 ((5S)-3-anilino-5-methyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione), acetophenone, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 5-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin and 5-methylhydantoin for fenamidone, and propamocarb hydrochloride (propyl 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate hydrochloride), N-oxide propamocarb (propyl [3-(dimethylnitroryl)propyl]carbamate), oxazoline-2-one propamocarb (3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one), 2-hydroxypropamocarb and n-desmethyl propamocarb (propyl [3-(methylamino)propyl]carbamate) for propamocarb. In addition, they were detected one day after the application of commercial product, being RPA 410193, the metabolite detected at the highest concentration in samples. Retrospective analysis of incurred samples allowed putative identification of four possible new metabolites of propamocarb and one of fenamidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Blanca Serra
- Lead Molecular Design, S.L. Vallés, 96-102 (Local 27), 08173, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain.
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40
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Yang Q, Liu N, Zhang S, Wang W, Zou Y, Gu Z. The dissipation of cyazofamid and its main metabolite CCIM during tomato growth and tomato paste making process. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1327-1336. [PMID: 31226007 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1626999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In several studies focused on the residues of cyazofamid and its main metabolite 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile (CCIM) on tomato where it is widely used, CCIM has been shown to have higher acute toxicity than cyazofamid, and this is crucial to evaluate the potential food risk of cyazofamid and CCIM. In this study, the dissipation of cyazofamid and CCIM during tomato growth and tomato paste making process were assessed. The targeted compounds cyazofamid and CCIM were determined by LC-MS/MS. The results indicated that the half-life of cyazofamid was 4.6 days after applying in the field, and the maximum value of CCIM was 0.08 mg/kg at 3 days after the last application of cyazofamid, then gradually decreased. In addition, the concentrations of cyazofamid and CCIM were affected by different processing steps including washing, peeling, homogenisation, simmering, and sterilisation. Results showed that the mean losses of cyazofamid and CCIM were 92.3% and 75.2% after washing and peeling. The Processing Factor (PF) values were all less than 1. Especially for peeling, the PFs of cyazofamid and CCIM were 0.12 and 0.04, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Weijing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Yize Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Zumin Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , P. R. China
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41
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Impact of fungicides mepanipyrim and tetraconazole on phenolic profile and colour of Mencía red wines. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Dissipation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of field-incurred boscalid and pyraclostrobin in grape and grape field soil via MWCNTs-based QuEChERS using an RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS technique. Food Chem 2019; 274:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Rutkowska E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Three approaches to minimize matrix effects in residue analysis of multiclass pesticides in dried complex matrices using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 279:20-29. [PMID: 30611480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses one of the major concerns in pesticide residue analysis: the matrix effect related to gas chromatography (GC), which can adversely affect quantification. In this study, a comparison of approaches for dealing with the matrix effect was investigated for 236 pesticides in complex matrices, including dried herbs (Centaurea cyanus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Thymus vulgaris L.) and dried fruit (currants, chokeberry), using a modified QuEChERS method and GC-MS/MS analysis. Three approaches were evaluated: (i) using matrix-matched calibration, (ii) adding a mixture of analyte protectants (APs) to every extract or (iii) injection prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. Finally, minimization of the matrix effect to the acceptable levels of -20 to 20% for over 80% of investigated pesticides was found when APs mixture was injected at the beginning of the sequence. In this approach, the matrix effects were significantly weaker for some pesticides than when matrix-matched calibration was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rutkowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chełmońskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chełmońskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chełmońskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Białystok, Poland
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44
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Vera R, Insa S, Fontàs C, Anticó E. A new extraction phase based on a polymer inclusion membrane for the detection of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and cyprodinil in natural water samples. Talanta 2018; 185:291-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Słowik-Borowiec M, Szpyrka E. Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Wine and Grape Using Gas Chromatography with Microelectron Capture and Nitrogen–Phosphorus Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Carbon-Based Fe₃O₄ Nanocomposites Derived from Waste Pomelo Peels for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of 11 Triazole Fungicides in Fruit Samples. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050302. [PMID: 29734765 PMCID: PMC5977316 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based Fe3O4 nanocomposites (C/Fe3O4 NCs) were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method using waste pomelo peels as the carbon precursors. The characterization results showed that they had good structures and physicochemical properties. The prepared C/Fe3O4 NCs could be applied as excellent and recyclable adsorbents for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of 11 triazole fungicides in fruit samples. In the MSPE procedure, several parameters including the amount of adsorbents, extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvent, and desorption time were optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the good linearity (R2 > 0.9916), the limits of detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ) were obtained in the range of 1–100, 0.12–0.55, and 0.39–1.85 μg/kg for 11 pesticides, respectively. Lastly, the proposed MSPE method was successfully applied to analyze triazole fungicides in real apple, pear, orange, peach, and banana samples with recoveries in the range of 82.1% to 109.9% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8.4%. Therefore, the C/Fe3O4 NCs based MSPE method has a great potential for isolating and pre-concentrating trace levels of triazole fungicides in fruits.
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Pérez-Rodríguez P, Soto-Gómez D, Paradelo M, López-Periago JE. Concentration levels of new-generation fungicides in throughfall released by foliar wash-off from vineyards. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:467-475. [PMID: 28837913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of agricultural pesticides in the environment and their effects on ecosystems are major concerns addressed in a significant number of articles. However, limited information is available on the pesticide concentrations released from crops. This study reports losses of new-generation fungicides by foliar wash-off from vineyards and their potential impact on the concentrations of their main active substances (AS) in surface waters. Two experimental plots devoted to vineyards were treated with various combinations of commercial new-generation fungicide formulations. Then, up to sixteen throughfall collectors were installed under the canopy. Concentrations of sixteen different AS in throughfall were determined along nine rainfall episodes. Concentrations in throughfall far exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water established by the European Union regulations. Dynamics of fungicide release indicated a first-flush effect in the wash-off founding the highest concentrations of AS in the first rain episodes after application of the fungicides. This article shows that foliar spray application of commercial formulations of new-generation fungicides does not prevent the release of their AS to soil or the runoff. Concentration data obtained in this research can be valuable in supporting the assessment of environmental effects of new-generation fungicides and modeling their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez-Rodríguez
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - D Soto-Gómez
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Paradelo
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - J E López-Periago
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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48
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Farajzadeh MA, Abbaspour M. Development of a new sample preparation method based on liquid–liquid–liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and its application on unfiltered samples containing high content of solids. Talanta 2017; 174:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Vitali Čepo D, Pelajić M, Vinković Vrček I, Krivohlavek A, Žuntar I, Karoglan M. Differences in the levels of pesticides, metals, sulphites and ochratoxin A between organically and conventionally produced wines. Food Chem 2017; 246:394-403. [PMID: 29291864 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic products are generally recognized to be healthier and safer than conventional products. However, the actual scientific data regarding the importance of organic production on particular contaminant/additive content of wines is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate contents of pesticides, metals, sulphites and ochratoxin A in organically (org) and conventionally (conv) produced wines from eleven locations in different winegrowing regions of Croatia. All wines contained significantly lower levels of residues as compared to the maximum limits (MLs) with the exception of excessive amounts of Cu and Zn in one sample. Pb and Mg were mainly significantly less represented in org wines. There were no significant differences in the content of sulphite or ochratoxin A between org and conv wines. Significantly lower total pesticide concentrations and average number of pesticides per sample were obtained in org wines. The majority of ochratoxin A positive wines were from conv wine producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Vitali Čepo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Pelajić
- Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Krivohlavek
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Žuntar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Karoglan
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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50
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Aydın İ, Pelit L, Ertaş FN. Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Boscalid in the Presence of Cobalt Ions at a Pencil Lead Electrode. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1312424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İrem Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F. Nil Ertaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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