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Chiu HH, Tsai YJ, Lo C, Lin CH, Tsai IL, Kuo CH. Development of an efficient mAb quantification assay by LC-MS/MS using rapid on-bead digestion. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339319. [PMID: 35058007 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics is increasing rapidly, but mAb concentrations vary widely between individuals and might subsequently affect mAb exposure and treatment response. Precision medicine has gained much attention in recent years, but little is known about the personalized dosage of mAb therapeutics. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been demonstrated as a selective and sensitive approach to quantify mAb therapeutics in biological samples, but current methods to quantify mAbs are usually time-consuming and require tedious sample preparation. This study developed an efficient LC-MS/MS method using an on-bead trypsin digestion procedure at a higher digestion temperature. Five mAbs, bevacizumab, evolocumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and trastuzumab, used for treating different diseases, were selected for method development. Tocilizumab was selected as the internal standard. The result of the on-bead digestion protocol was compared to the conventional low-pH elution method, and it showed better sensitivity and reproducibility for most mAbs. The optimized on-bead digestion protocol used 75 μL of digestion buffer at 60 °C for a 60 min digestion. The calibration curve was generated from 10 to 200 μg mL-1. The accuracies at the three QC levels of the 5 mAbs were all within 94.5 ± 5.2% to 111.6 ± 3.7%. The repeatability and intermediate precision of the 5 mAbs were all lower than 6.1 and 9.5% RSD, respectively. The newly developed method was successfully applied to quantify trastuzumab in six breast cancer patients under different treatment cycles, and the concentrations ranged from 66.4 to 173.2 μg mL-1. In conclusion, the developed method is more efficient and more practical for real-world analysis of a large number of clinical samples, it could be used for routine therapeutic drug monitoring, and it could contribute to personalized mAb treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jung Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pavón-Pérez J, Henriquez-Aedo K, Salazar R, Herrero M, Aranda M. Chemometric optimization of trypsin digestion method applying infrared, microwave and ultrasound energies for determination of caseins and ovalbumin in wines. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2914-2923. [PMID: 34294953 PMCID: PMC8249656 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caseins and ovalbumin are frequently used as wine fining agents to remove undesirable compounds like polymeric phenols. Their presence in wines is a subject of concern because may cause adverse effects on susceptible consumers, especially when their presence is not labeled. A key step for its determination is trypsin digestion, which is considered the bottleneck of bottom-up approach workflow because usually requires several hours. To reduce this time, the objective of this work was to carry out a chemometric optimization of trypsin digestion method applying infrared, microwave and ultrasound energies to determine caseins and ovalbumin in wines. The conditions of each accelerated digestion method were optimized using a Response Surface Methodology based on central composite design. The parameters optimized were digestion time and trypsin: protein ratio. The response variable evaluated was digestion yield, which was determined through the peak area of each protein transition determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most effective technique was microwave followed by ultrasound and infrared. Since optimal values of microwave and ultrasound-assisted digestion were the same, the later was chosen considering sample preparation and cost. Applying the proposed approach, a reduction of ca. 140 and 240-fold on digestion time was achieved compared with optimized and non-optimized conventional methods, respectively. With this workflow, both proteins were digested in a single 3 min process allowing its detection by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at µg L-1 level, which is ca. 60 times lower than the current limit of 0.25 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Pavón-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción. Barrio Universitario S/N, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karem Henriquez-Aedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Y Genética de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción. Barrio Universitario S/N, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Alimentos Funcionales, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción. Barrio Universitario S/N, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de Los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fármacos Y Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química Y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna Casilla 306, Correo 22, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Bottom-up sample preparation for the LC-MS/MS quantification of anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies in bio matrices. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1405-1425. [PMID: 32975434 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are rapidly taking over the treatment of many malignancies, and an astonishing number of mAbs is in development. This causes a high demand for quantification of mAbs in biomatrices both for measuring therapeutic mAb concentrations and to support pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies. Conventionally, ligand-binding assays are used for these purposes, but LC-MS is gaining popularity. Although intact (top-down) and subunit (middle-down) mAb quantification is reported, signature peptide (bottom-up) quantification is currently most advantageous. This review provides an overview of the reported bottom-up mAb quantification methods in biomatrices as well as general recommendations regarding signature peptide and internal standard selection, reagent use and optimization of digestion in bottom-up quantification methods.
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Roux-Dalvai F, Gotti C, Leclercq M, Hélie MC, Boissinot M, Arrey TN, Dauly C, Fournier F, Kelly I, Marcoux J, Bestman-Smith J, Bergeron MG, Droit A. Fast and Accurate Bacterial Species Identification in Urine Specimens Using LC-MS/MS Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2492-2505. [PMID: 31585987 PMCID: PMC6885708 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast identification of microbial species in clinical samples is essential to provide an appropriate antibiotherapy to the patient and reduce the prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobials leading to antibioresistances. MALDI-TOF-MS technology has become a tool of choice for microbial identification but has several drawbacks: it requires a long step of bacterial culture before analysis (≥24 h), has a low specificity and is not quantitative. We developed a new strategy for identifying bacterial species in urine using specific LC-MS/MS peptidic signatures. In the first training step, libraries of peptides are obtained on pure bacterial colonies in DDA mode, their detection in urine is then verified in DIA mode, followed by the use of machine learning classifiers (NaiveBayes, BayesNet and Hoeffding tree) to define a peptidic signature to distinguish each bacterial species from the others. Then, in the second step, this signature is monitored in unknown urine samples using targeted proteomics. This method, allowing bacterial identification in less than 4 h, has been applied to fifteen species representing 84% of all Urinary Tract Infections. More than 31,000 peptides in 190 samples were quantified by DIA and classified by machine learning to determine an 82 peptides signature and build a prediction model. This signature was validated for its use in routine using Parallel Reaction Monitoring on two different instruments. Linearity and reproducibility of the method were demonstrated as well as its accuracy on donor specimens. Within 4h and without bacterial culture, our method was able to predict the predominant bacteria infecting a sample in 97% of cases and 100% above the standard threshold. This work demonstrates the efficiency of our method for the rapid and specific identification of the bacterial species causing UTI and could be extended in the future to other biological specimens and to bacteria having specific virulence or resistance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roux-Dalvai
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Clarisse Gotti
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mickaël Leclercq
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Hélie
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Maurice Boissinot
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | | | | | - Frédéric Fournier
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Kelly
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Marcoux
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Bestman-Smith
- Laboratoire de microbiologie-infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, pavillon Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel G Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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5
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Hinkle JD, D'Ippolito RA, Panepinto MC, Wang WH, Bai DL, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF. Unambiguous Sequence Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody in a Single Analysis Using a Nonspecific Immobilized Enzyme Reactor. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13547-13554. [PMID: 31584792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate sequence characterization is essential for the development of therapeutic antibodies by the pharmaceutical industry. Presented here is a methodology to obtain comprehensive sequence analysis of a monoclonal antibody. An enzyme reactor of immobilized Aspergillopepsin I, a highly stable nonspecific protease, was used to cleave reduced antibody subunits into a peptide profile ranging from 1 to 20 kDa. Utilizing the Thermo Orbitrap Fusion's unique instrument architecture combined with state-of-the-art instrument control software allowed for dynamic instrument methods that optimally characterize eluting peptides based on their size and charge density. Using a data-dependent instrument method, both collisional dissociation and electron transfer dissociation were used to fragment the appropriate charge state of analyte peptides. The instrument layout also allowed for scans to be taken in parallel using both the ion trap and Orbitrap concurrently, thus allowing larger peptides to be analyzed in high resolution using the Orbitrap while simultaneously analyzing tryptic-like peptides using the ion trap. We harnessed these capabilities to develop a custom method to optimally fragment the eluting peptides based on their mass and charge density. Using this approach, we obtained 100% sequence coverage of the total antibody in a single chromatographic analysis, enabling unambiguous sequence assignment of all residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Hinkle
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Robert A D'Ippolito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Maria C Panepinto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Dina L Bai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States.,Department of Pathology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
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6
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Determination of Cetuximab in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Orbitrap With a Stable Labeled 13C,15N-Cetuximab Internal Standard. Ther Drug Monit 2019; 41:467-475. [PMID: 31306393 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetuximab (CTX) is a chimeric IgG1 Kappa monoclonal antibody used to treat head and neck cancer and colorectal cancer. Previous clinical studies indicated that the pharmacokinetics of CTX influences patient survival. Thus, individualizing CTX treatment by measuring trough levels of the drug in plasma could have a major impact on clinical efficacy. METHODS To measure these levels, a full-length stable isotope-labeled CTX standard was used in a generic, rapid, and high-throughput sample preparation protocol based on IgG capture followed by trypsin digestion, on-line solid-phase extraction cleanup, and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). RESULTS The optimized method displayed good analytical performance and was linear over a range from 5 to 150 mcg/mL. The within-run and between-run imprecision of the assay were equal to or less than 10%, for 6 replicates at 3 different concentrations and for runs performed on 5 separate days. The plasma CTX concentrations in 19 patients were also determined. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that quantification of mAb in clinical samples does not strictly require a tandem mass spectrometry system, and LC-HRMS is also relevant in this context. This first study implementing a quantitative LC-HRMS assay with a specific stable isotope-labeled mAb internal standard paves the way for more robust clinical monitoring of anticancer mAbs.
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7
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LC–MS Challenges in Characterizing and Quantifying Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) in Biological Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Legeron R, Xuereb F, Chaignepain S, Gadeau AP, Claverol S, Dupuy JW, Djabarouti S, Couffinhal T, Schmitter JM, Breilh D. A new reliable, transposable and cost-effective assay for absolute quantification of total plasmatic bevacizumab by LC–MS/MS in human plasma comparing two internal standard calibration approaches. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Nigam A, Subramanian M, Koiram Rajanna P. Non-specific Digestion Artifacts of Bovine Trypsin Exemplified with Surrogate Peptides for Endogenous Protein Quantitation. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Qu M, An B, Shen S, Zhang M, Shen X, Duan X, Balthasar JP, Qu J. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of protein biotherapeutics with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:734-754. [PMID: 27097288 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the advancement of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques has enabled their broad application in protein characterization, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Owing to certain important merits of LC/MS techniques (e.g., high selectivity, flexibility, and rapid method development), LC/MS assays are often deemed as preferable alternatives to conventional methods (e.g., ligand-binding assays) for the analysis of protein biotherapeutics. At the discovery and development stages, LC/MS is generally employed for two purposes absolute quantification of protein biotherapeutics in biological samples and qualitative characterization of proteins. For absolute quantification of a target protein in bio-matrices, recent work has led to improvements in the efficiency of LC/MS method development, sample treatment, enrichment and digestion, and high-performance low-flow-LC separation. These advances have enhanced analytical sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. As to qualitative analysis, a range of techniques have been developed to characterize intramolecular disulfide bonds, glycosylation, charge variants, primary sequence heterogeneity, and the drug-to-antibody ratio of antibody drug conjugate (ADC), which has enabled a refined ability to assess product quality. In this review, we will focus on the discussion of technical challenges and strategies of LC/MS-based quantification and characterization of biotherapeutics, with the emphasis on the analysis of antibody-based biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and ADCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:734-754, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
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Phillip A, Thierry W, Christian L, Anja B, Jochen E, Thomas M, Claudia P, Coralie E, Olivier H. Production and application of high quality stable isotope-labeled human immunoglobulin G1 for mass spectrometry analysis. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:160-167. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolf Thierry
- Novartis Pharma AG; DMPK, DMBA-BA; Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heudi Olivier
- Novartis Pharma AG; DMPK, DMBA-BA; Basel Switzerland
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12
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Wagner M, Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:361-438. [PMID: 25252132 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large-scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off-line and on-line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD-APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wagner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Saleh A, Edlund PO, Gustafsson TN, Sahlin M, Sjöberg BM, Granelli I. A Bioanalytical Method for Quantification of Thioredoxins in Bacillus anthracis by Digestion with Immobilized Pepsin and LC–MS/MS and On-line LC/LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Beck A, Terral G, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Marcoux J, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry methods for the multi-level structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:157-83. [PMID: 26653789 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via conditionally stable linkers to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are among the most promising next-generation empowered biologics for cancer treatment. ADCs are more complex than naked mAbs, as the heterogeneity of the conjugates adds to the inherent microvariability of the biomolecules. The development and optimization of ADCs rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization by assessing several critical quality attributes, namely the distribution and position of the drug, the amount of naked antibody, the average drug to antibody ratio, and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions. Here brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), the first and gold-standard hinge-cysteine and lysine drug conjugates, respectively, were chosen to develop new mass spectrometry (MS) methods and to improve multiple-level structural assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Guillaume Terral
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - François Debaene
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Olivier Colas
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
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15
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Arnold SL, Stevison F, Isoherranen N. Impact of Sample Matrix on Accuracy of Peptide Quantification: Assessment of Calibrator and Internal Standard Selection and Method Validation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:746-53. [PMID: 26606514 PMCID: PMC4817721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein quantification based on peptides using LC-MS/MS has emerged as a promising method to measure biomarkers, protein drugs, and endogenous proteins. However, the best practices for selection, optimization, and validation of the quantification peptides are not well established, and the influence of different matrices on protein digestion, peptide stability, and MS detection has not been systematically addressed. The aim of this study was to determine how biological matrices affect digestion, detection, and stability of peptides. The microsomal retinol dehydrogenase (RDH11) and cytosolic soluble aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1As) involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) were chosen as model proteins. Considerable differences in the digestion efficiency, sensitivity, and matrix effects between peptides were observed regardless of the target protein's subcellular localization. The precision and accuracy of the quantification of RDH11 and ALDH1A were affected by the choice of calibration and internal standards. The final method using recombinant protein calibrators and stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide internal standards was validated for human liver. The results demonstrate that different sample matrices have peptide, time, and matrix specific effects on protein digestion and absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Health Science Building, Room H-272M Box 357610 Seattle Washington 98195-7610 USA
| | - Faith Stevison
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Health Science Building, Room H-272M Box 357610 Seattle Washington 98195-7610 USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Health Science Building, Room H-272M Box 357610 Seattle Washington 98195-7610 USA
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16
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Cong Y, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Hu L, Gu J. Quantitative MS analysis of therapeutic mAbs and their glycosylation for pharmacokinetics study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:303-14. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cong
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Shen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
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17
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Targeted Proteomics Enables Simultaneous Quantification of Folate Receptor Isoforms and Potential Isoform-based Diagnosis in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16733. [PMID: 26573433 PMCID: PMC4648081 DOI: 10.1038/srep16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinct roles of protein isoforms in cancer are becoming increasingly evident. FRα and FRβ, two major isoforms of the folate receptor family, generally have different cellular distribution and tissue specificity. However, the presence of FRβ in breast tumors, where FRα is normally expressed, complicates this situation. Prior to applying any FR isoform-based diagnosis and therapeutics, it is essential to monitor the expression profile of FR isoforms in a more accurate manner. An LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics assay was developed and validated in this study because of the lack of suitable methodology for the simultaneous and specific measurement of highly homologous isoforms occurring at low concentrations. FRα and FRβ monitoring was achieved by measuring their surrogate isoform-specific peptides. Five human breast cell lines, isolated macrophages and 60 matched pairs of breast tissue samples were subjected to the analysis. The results indicated that FRβ was overexpressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) but not epithelial cells, in addition to an enhanced level of FRα in breast cancer cells and tissue samples. Moreover, the levels of the FR isoforms were evaluated according to the histology, histopathological features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Several positive associations with PR/ER and HER2 status and metastasis were revealed.
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18
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Pang Y, Wang WH, Reid GE, Hunt DF, Bruening ML. Pepsin-Containing Membranes for Controlled Monoclonal Antibody Digestion Prior to Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10942-9. [PMID: 26455365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest growing class of therapeutic drugs, because of their high specificities to target cells. Facile analysis of therapeutic mAbs and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) is essential for quality control, and mass spectrometry (MS) is the most powerful tool for antibody characterization. This study uses pepsin-containing nylon membranes as controlled proteolysis reactors for mAb digestion prior to ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap MS analysis. Variation of the residence times (from 3 ms to 3 s) of antibody solutions in the membranes yields "bottom-up" (1-2 kDa) to "middle-down" (5-15 kDa) peptide sizes within less than 10 min. These peptides cover the entire sequences of Trastuzumab and a Waters antibody, and a proteolytic peptide comprised of 140 amino acids from the Waters antibody contains all three complementarity determining regions on the light chain. This work compares the performance of "bottom-up" (in-solution tryptic digestion), "top-down" (intact protein fragmentation), and "middle-down" (in-membrane digestion) analysis of an antibody light chain. Data from tandem MS show 99%, 55%, and 99% bond cleavage for "bottom-up", "top-down", and "middle-down" analyses, respectively. In-membrane digestion also facilitates detection of PTMs such as oxidation, deamidation, N-terminal pyroglutamic acid formation, and glycosylation. Compared to "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches for antibody characterization, in-membrane digestion uses minimal sample preparation time, and this technique also yields high peptide and sequence coverage for the identification of PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.,Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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19
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Šlechtová T, Gilar M, Kalíková K, Tesařová E. Insight into Trypsin Miscleavage: Comparison of Kinetic Constants of Problematic Peptide Sequences. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7636-43. [PMID: 26158323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin, a high fidelity protease, is the most widely used enzyme for protein digestion in proteomic research. Optimal digestion conditions are well-known and so are the expected cleavage products. However, missed cleavage sites are frequently observed when acidic amino acids, aspartic and glutamic acids, are present near the cleavage site. Also, the sequence motifs with successive lysine and/or arginine residues represent a source of missed cleaved sites. In spite of an adverse role of missed cleaved peptides on proteomic research, the digestion kinetics of these problematic sequences is not well-known. In this work, synthetic peptides with various sequence motifs were used as trypsin substrates. Cleavage products were analyzed with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and the kinetic constants for selected missed cleavage sites were calculated. Relative digestion speed for lysine and arginine sites is compared, including the digestion motifs flanked with aspartic and glutamic acid. Our findings show that DK and DTR motifs are cleaved by trypsin with 3 orders of magnitude lower speed than the arginine site. These motifs are likely to produce missed cleavage peptides in protein tryptic digests even at prolonged digestion times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Šlechtová
- †Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gilar
- ‡Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Květa Kalíková
- †Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- †Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Altmeyer MO, Manz A, Neužil P. Microfluidic Superheating for Peptide Sequence Elucidation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5997-6003. [PMID: 26035024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce microfluidic superheating as a new method for peptide fragmentation prior to mass spectrometric analysis. The superheating conditions were found to be stable up to 240 °C for more than 30 min without elevated pressure or boiling of the aqueous sample. As proof of principle, we exposed the peptides ACTH1-10 and OVA257-264 to various superheating conditions, causing different degrees of decomposition. Optimized superheating conditions resulted in the entire peptide ladder sequence of the y-ions, allowing the amino acid sequence to be deduced from a single-stage mass spectrum. Thus, obtaining information in the same quality as from tandem mass spectrometry can be achieved by a single superheating step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias O Altmeyer
- ∥KIST Europe, Microfluidics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,⊥Twente University, MESA+, Institute for Nanotechnology, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Manz
- ∥KIST Europe, Microfluidics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pavel Neužil
- ∥KIST Europe, Microfluidics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,§Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Lesur A, Ancheva L, Kim YJ, Berchem G, van Oostrum J, Domon B. Screening protein isoforms predictive for cancer using immunoaffinity capture and fast LC-MS in PRM mode. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:695-705. [PMID: 25656350 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report an immunocapture strategy to extract proteins known to harbor driver mutations for a defined cancer type before the simultaneous assessment of their mutational status by MS. Such a method bypasses the sensitivity and selectivity issues encountered during the analysis of unfractionated complex biological samples. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fast LC separations using short nanobore columns hyphenated with a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer have been devised to take advantage of fast MS cycle times in conjunction with sharp chromatographic peak widths to accelerate the sample analysis throughput. Such an analytical platform is well suited to analyze simple protein mixtures obtained after immunoaffinity enrichment. RESULTS After establishing the technical performance of the platform, the method was applied to the quantitative profiling of cellular Ras and EGFR protein isoforms, as well as serum amyloid A isoforms in plasma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immunoaffinity purification combined with fast LC-MS detection for the detection of driver mutations in tissue and tumor biomarkers in plasma samples can assist clinicians to select an optimal therapeutic intervention for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lesur
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Lina Ancheva
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Yeoun Jin Kim
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg.,Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jan van Oostrum
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bruno Domon
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center (LCP), CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
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22
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An B, Zhang M, Johnson RW, Qu J. Surfactant-aided precipitation/on-pellet-digestion (SOD) procedure provides robust and rapid sample preparation for reproducible, accurate and sensitive LC/MS quantification of therapeutic protein in plasma and tissues. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4023-9. [PMID: 25746131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For targeted protein quantification by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS), an optimal approach for efficient, robust and hi-throughput sample preparation is critical, but often remains elusive. Here we describe a straightforward surfactant-aided-precipitation/on-pellet-digestion (SOD) strategy that provides effective sample cleanup and enables high and constant peptide yields in various matrices, allowing reproducible, accurate and sensitive protein quantification. This strategy was developed using quantification of monocolnocal antibody in tissues and plasma as the model system. Surfactant treatment before precipitation substantially increased peptide recovery and reproducibility from plasma/tissue, likely because surfactant permits extensive denaturation/reduction/alkylation of proteins and inactivation of endogenous protease inhibitors, and facilitates removal of matrix components. The subsequent precipitation procedure effectively eliminates the surfactant and nonprotein matrix components, and the thorough denaturation by both surfactant and precipitation enabled very rapid on-pellet-digestion (45 min at 37 °C) with high peptide recovery. The performance of SOD was systematically compared against in-solution-digestion, in-gel-digestion and filter-aided-sample-preparation (FASP) in plasma/tissues, and then examined in a full pharmacokinetic study in rats. SOD achieved the best peptide recovery (∼21.0-700% higher than the other three methods across various matrices), reproducibility (3.75-10.9%) and sensitivity (28-30 ng/g across plasma and tissue matrices), and its performance was independent of matrix types. Finally, in validation and pharmacokinetic studies in rats, SOD outperformed other methods and provided highly accurate and precise quantification in all plasma samples without using stable isotope labeled (SIL)-protein internal standard (I.S.). In summary, the SOD method has proven to be highly robust, efficient and rapid, making it readily adaptable to large-scale clinical and pharmaceutical quantification of biomarkers or biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo An
- †The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.,‡New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Ming Zhang
- †The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.,‡New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Robert W Johnson
- §Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-6101, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- †The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.,‡New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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23
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Shen JX, Liu G, Zhao Y. Strategies for improving sensitivity and selectivity for the quantitation of biotherapeutics in biological matrix using LC-MS/MS. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:125-31. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1024225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Dittrich J, Becker S, Hecht M, Ceglarek U. Sample preparation strategies for targeted proteomics via proteotypic peptides in human blood using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 9:5-16. [PMID: 25418444 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous quantification of protein concentrations via proteotypic peptides in human blood by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole MS/MS is an important field of bioanalytical research with a high potential for routine diagnostic applications. This review summarizes currently available sample preparation procedures and trends for absolute protein quantification in blood using LC-MS/MS. It discusses approaches of transferring established qualitative protocols to a quantitative analysis regarding their reliability and reproducibility. Techniques used to enhance method sensitivity such as the depletion of high-abundant proteins or the immunoaffinity enrichment of proteins and peptides are described. Furthermore, workflows for (i) protein denaturation, (ii) disulfide bridge reduction and (iii) thiol alkylation as well as (iv) enzymatic digestion for absolute protein quantification are presented. The main focus is on the tryptic digestion as a bottleneck of protein quantification via proteotypic peptides. Conclusively, requirements for a high-throughput application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dittrich
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Porta T, Lesur A, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Quantification in MALDI-MS imaging: what can we learn from MALDI-selected reaction monitoring and what can we expect for imaging? Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2177-87. [PMID: 25486918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantification by mass spectrometry imaging (Q-MSI) is one of the hottest topics of the current discussions among the experts of the MS imaging community. If MSI is established as a powerful qualitative tool in drug and biomarker discovery, its reliability for absolute and accurate quantification (QUAN) is still controversial. Indeed, Q-MSI has to deal with several fundamental aspects that are difficult to control, and to account for absolute quantification. The first objective of this manuscript is to review the state-of-the-art of Q-MSI and the current strategies developed for absolute quantification by direct surface sampling from tissue sections. This includes comments on the quest for the perfect matrix-matched standards and signal normalization approaches. Furthermore, this work investigates quantification at a pixel level to determine how many pixels must be considered for accurate quantification by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), the most widely used technique for MSI. Particularly, this study focuses on the MALDI-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in rastering mode, previously demonstrated as a quantitative and robust approach for small analyte and peptide-targeted analyses. The importance of designing experiments of good quality and the use of a labeled compound for signal normalization is emphasized to minimize the signal variability. This is exemplified by measuring the signal for cocaine and a tryptic peptide (i.e., obtained after digestion of a monoclonal antibody) upon different experimental conditions, such as sample stage velocity, laser power and frequency, or distance between two raster lines. Our findings show that accurate quantification cannot be performed on a single pixel but requires averaging of at least 4-5 pixels. The present work demonstrates that MALDI-SRM/MSI is quantitative with precision better than 10-15 %, which meets the requirements of most guidelines (i.e., in bioanalysis or toxicology) for quantification of drugs or peptides from tissue homogenates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Porta
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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26
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An B, Zhang M, Qu J. Toward sensitive and accurate analysis of antibody biotherapeutics by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1858-66. [PMID: 25185260 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable methodological advances in the past decade have expanded the application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of biotherapeutics. Currently, LC/MS represents a promising alternative or supplement to the traditional ligand binding assay (LBA) in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic studies of protein drugs, owing to the rapid and cost-effective method development, high specificity and reproducibility, low sample consumption, the capacity of analyzing multiple targets in one analysis, and the fact that a validated method can be readily adapted across various matrices and species. While promising, technical challenges associated with sensitivity, sample preparation, method development, and quantitative accuracy need to be addressed to enable full utilization of LC/MS. This article introduces the rationale and technical challenges of LC/MS techniques in biotherapeutics analysis and summarizes recently developed strategies to alleviate these challenges. Applications of LC/MS techniques on quantification and characterization of antibody biotherapeutics are also discussed. We speculate that despite the highly attractive features of LC/MS, it will not fully replace traditional assays such as LBA in the foreseeable future; instead, the forthcoming trend is likely the conjunction of biochemical techniques with versatile LC/MS approaches to achieve accurate, sensitive, and unbiased characterization of biotherapeutics in highly complex pharmaceutical/biologic matrices. Such combinations will constitute powerful tools to tackle the challenges posed by the rapidly growing needs for biotherapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
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27
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Application and challenges in using LC–MS assays for absolute quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in drug discovery. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:859-79. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As more protein therapeutics enter the drug-discovery pipeline, the traditional ligand-binding assay (LBA) faces additional challenges to meet the rapid and diverse bioanalytical needs in the early drug-discovery stage. The high specificity and sensitivity afforded by LC–MS, along with its rapid method development, is proving invaluable for the analysis of protein therapeutics in support of drug discovery. LC–MS not only serves as a quantitative tool to complement LBA in drug discovery, it also provides structural details at a molecular level, which are used to address issues that cannot be resolved using LBA alone. This review will describe the key benefits and applications, as well as the techniques and challenges for applying LC–MS to support protein quantification in drug discovery.
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28
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Ceglarek U, Dittrich J, Becker S, Baumann F, Kortz L, Thiery J. Quantification of seven apolipoproteins in human plasma by proteotypic peptides using fast LC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:794-801. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Dittrich
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Susen Becker
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Frank Baumann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Linda Kortz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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29
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Digestion of Enolase and Carbonic Anhydrase as Model Proteins for Therapeutic Proteins in Blood Plasma with Immobilized Thermolysin and Quantification of Some of the Peptides by LC/LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Bronsema KJ, Bischoff R, van de Merbel NC. High-Sensitivity LC-MS/MS Quantification of Peptides and Proteins in Complex Biological Samples: The Impact of Enzymatic Digestion and Internal Standard Selection on Method Performance. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9528-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4015116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kees J. Bronsema
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bioanalytical
Laboratory, PRA, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico C. van de Merbel
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bioanalytical
Laboratory, PRA, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ, Assen, The Netherlands
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31
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Analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins in biological matrices by LC-MS/MS I. Sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Hopfgartner G, Lesur A, Varesio E. Analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins in biological matrices by LC-MS/MS II. LC-MS/MS analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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van den Broek I, Niessen WM, van Dongen WD. Bioanalytical LC–MS/MS of protein-based biopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 929:161-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the bioanalysis of proteins in drug development: Practical considerations in assay development and validation. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1284:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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35
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Chen H, Li Y, Wu X, Li C, Li Q, Qin Z, Yi Y, Chen J, Lai X, Su Z. LC-MS/MS determination of pogostone in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1092-9. [PMID: 23505096 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pogostone is an important constituent of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., and possesses various known bioactivities. A rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of pogostone in rat plasma using chrysophanol as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted with methanol and separated using a reversed-phase YMC-UltraHT Pro C18 column. Elution was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (75:25, v/v) for 5 min at a flow rate of 400 μL/min. The precursor/product transitions (m/z) under MS/MS detection with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) were 223.0 → 139.0 and 253.1 → 224.9 for pogostone and IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.05-160 µg/mL (r = 0.9996). The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were within ±10%. The validated method was successfully applied to the preclinical pharmacokinetic investigation of pogostone in rats after intravenous (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and oral administration (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). Finally, the oral absolute bioavailability of pogostone in rats was calculated to be 70.39, 78.18 and 83.99% for 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Chen
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
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36
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Abstract
LC–MS has become the method-of-choice in small-molecule drug bioanalysis (molecular mass <800 Da) and is also increasingly being applied as an alternative to ligand-binding assays for the bioanalytical determination of biopharmaceuticals. Triple quadrupole MS is the established bioanalytical technique due to its unpreceded selectivity and sensitivity, but high-resolution accurate-mass MS is recently gaining ground due to its ability to provide simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis of drugs and their metabolites. This article discusses current trends in the field of bioanalytical LC–MS (until September 2012), and provides an overview of currently available commercial triple quadrupole MS and high-resolution LC–MS instruments as applied for the bioanalysis of small-molecule and biopharmaceutical drugs.
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Lesur A, Varesio E, Domon B, Hopfgartner G. Peptides Quantification by Liquid Chromatography with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Selected Reaction Monitoring Detection. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4972-82. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300514u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lesur
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Domon
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center, Luxembourg
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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Damm M, Nusshold C, Cantillo D, Rechberger GN, Gruber K, Sattler W, Kappe CO. Can electromagnetic fields influence the structure and enzymatic digest of proteins? A critical evaluation of microwave-assisted proteomics protocols. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5533-43. [PMID: 22889711 PMCID: PMC3484400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study reevaluates the putative advantages of microwave-assisted tryptic digests compared to conventionally heated protocols performed at the same temperature. An initial investigation of enzyme stability in a temperature range of 37-80 °C demonstrated that trypsin activity declines sharply at temperatures above 60 °C, regardless if microwave dielectric heating or conventional heating is employed. Tryptic digests of three proteins of different size (bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c and β-casein) were thus performed at 37 °C and 50 °C using both microwave and conventional heating applying accurate internal fiber-optic probe reaction temperature measurements. The impact of the heating method on protein degradation and peptide fragment generation was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. Time-dependent tryptic digestion of the three proteins and subsequent analysis of the corresponding cleavage products by MALDI-TOF provided virtually identical results for both microwave and conventional heating. In addition, the impact of electromagnetic field strength on the tertiary structure of trypsin and BSA was evaluated by molecular mechanics calculations. These simulations revealed that the applied field in a typical laboratory microwave reactor is 3-4 orders of magnitude too low to induce conformational changes in proteins or enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Damm
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Adrait A, Lebert D, Trauchessec M, Dupuis A, Louwagie M, Masselon C, Jaquinod M, Chevalier B, Vandenesch F, Garin J, Bruley C, Brun V. Development of a Protein Standard Absolute Quantification (PSAQ™) assay for the quantification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A in serum. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3041-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Pellet digestion: a simple and efficient sample preparation technique for LC-MS/MS quantification of large therapeutic proteins in plasma. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:17-28. [PMID: 22191591 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a simple and efficient sample preparation technique for LC-MS/MS quantification of large therapeutic proteins in plasma. RESULTS The sample preparation technique presented here is based upon trypsin digestion of the pellet obtained following precipitation of the protein analyte from plasma. The pellet digestion technique was shown to facilitate efficient digestion of large therapeutic proteins, with concomitant removal of a substantial amount of potentially problematic plasma phospholipids. The technique was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of a large therapeutic protein. CONCLUSION This simple sample preparation approach will be beneficial to bioanalytical laboratories engaged in the LC-MS/MS quantification of large therapeutic proteins in biological matrices.
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Internal standards in the quantitative determination of protein biopharmaceuticals using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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42
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Quantitation of therapeutic proteins following direct trypsin digestion of dried blood spot samples and detection by LC–MS-based bioanalytical methods in drug discovery. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:29-40. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industry today in both development of therapeutic proteins as viable biopharmaceutical agents as well as the implementation of microsampling techniques, such as dried blood spots (DBS), as an alternative to current sample collection and handling procedures for biological samples generated in drug discovery and development studies. We have demonstrated that these two techniques can be integrated by developing bioanalytical methods that simultaneously determine the concentrations of unique therapeutic protein constructs, using LC–MS-based detection of multiple surrogate peptides following direct trypsin digestion of DBS. Results: Bioanalytical methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of two structurally different therapeutic proteins (PEGylated-Adnectin™-1, MW 11,144 amu and an Fc-fusion protein, MW 67,082 amu) in a single DBS sample using LC–MS-based detection of multiple peptides generated from different regions of the proteins following trypsin digestion. The same methodology was applied to the analysis of DBS samples collected following dosing of a third unique protein (PEGylated-Adnectin-2) to mice. Although these initial DBS methods were slightly less sensitive than those developed specifically for each individual protein in plasma or serum, the generic digestion procedure yielded sufficient accuracy, precision and an extended linear dynamic range to justify their further evaluation in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological studies of selected therapeutic proteins following dosing in preclinical discovery studies. Additionally, DBS samples may offer a convenient, generic platform approach for direct enzymatic digestion and sample preparation for LC–MS-based quantitation of proteins. DBS samples prepared for two of the therapeutic proteins were also stable for at least 2 weeks when stored at room temperature. Conclusion: Although the same clarification and interpretation of DBS results will be required (e.g., blood vs plasma levels, hematocrit effects on DBS determinations and red blood cell partitioning) as for small-molecules, there still remains the potential to further develop and expand this strategy with appropriate proteins of interest. While additional studies will be required to validate this approach in specific applications, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using DBS sampling to directly quantify structurally different types of therapeutic proteins in blood in discovery studies and present the potential to simultaneously measure other proteins, such as biomarkers, to augment and integrate data generated from in vivo studies.
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Huillet C, Adrait A, Lebert D, Picard G, Trauchessec M, Louwagie M, Dupuis A, Hittinger L, Ghaleh B, Le Corvoisier P, Jaquinod M, Garin J, Bruley C, Brun V. Accurate quantification of cardiovascular biomarkers in serum using Protein Standard Absolute Quantification (PSAQ™) and selected reaction monitoring. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.008235. [PMID: 22080464 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.008235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new biomarkers needs to be significantly accelerated to improve diagnostic, prognostic, and toxicity monitoring as well as therapeutic follow-up. Biomarker evaluation is the main bottleneck in this development process. Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) combined with stable isotope dilution has emerged as a promising option to speed this step, particularly because of its multiplexing capacities. However, analytical variabilities because of upstream sample handling or incomplete trypsin digestion still need to be resolved. In 2007, we developed the PSAQ™ method (Protein Standard Absolute Quantification), which uses full-length isotope-labeled protein standards to quantify target proteins. In the present study we used clinically validated cardiovascular biomarkers (LDH-B, CKMB, myoglobin, and troponin I) to demonstrate that the combination of PSAQ and SRM (PSAQ-SRM) allows highly accurate biomarker quantification in serum samples. A multiplex PSAQ-SRM assay was used to quantify these biomarkers in clinical samples from myocardial infarction patients. Good correlation between PSAQ-SRM and ELISA assay results was found and demonstrated the consistency between these analytical approaches. Thus, PSAQ-SRM has the capacity to improve both accuracy and reproducibility in protein analysis. This will be a major contribution to efficient biomarker development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Huillet
- CEA, IRTSV, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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Abstract
Peptides and proteins have been utilized as therapeutic agents for over 40 years. Traditional approaches to quantify these molecules in biological matrices have utilized immunoassay approaches that can be time inefficient, lack assay specificity and have limited analytical ranges. The advances in sample preparation technologies, chromatographic systems and their chemistries, mass spectrometers and their software over the last decade have meant that LC–MS/MS approaches to peptide and protein quantification are feasible and can overcome the problems associated with quantification by immunoassay. In this article we present an overview of the challenges and approaches to overcome them when performing quantitative bioanalysis of peptides and proteins by LC–MS/MS.
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Quantification of Alefacept, an immunosuppressive fusion protein in human plasma using a protein analogue internal standard, trypsin cleaved signature peptides and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:789-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Peptide and protein drug analysis by MS: challenges and opportunities for the discovery environment. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:645-57. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Straightforward assay development using MS has become commonplace in most modern pharmaceutical laboratories. In particular, MS is an invaluable tool in the discovery environment of this industry, making it possible to characterize the structures of target drugs and to screen large numbers of potential drug candidates in metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies, and much more. Furthermore, as drug portfolios expand to include biotherapeutic species, such as peptides and proteins, MS is there to meet any analytical challenges. In this article, general aspects of MS in the discovery environment are discussed, as well as what the future might hold.
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47
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Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY. Targeted ion parking for the quantitation of biotherapeutic proteins: concepts and preliminary data. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:2011-2022. [PMID: 20926309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Targeted ion parking (or TIPing) is the first quantitative application of ion/ion reactions for mass spectrometry. In TIPing, intact biotherapeutic proteins are electrosprayed as intact molecules (no digestion) and, as expected, many multiply protonated species are produced (e.g., (M + 7H)(7+), (M + 8H)(8+), etc.). Several of these multiply charged species are selectively isolated using a quadrupole mass analyzer and then contained in a linear ion trap. The protein ions are then subjected to a proton-transfer reaction with a reagent anion. The ions undergo sequential charge reduction (e.g., to (M + 6H)(6+)) during a defined reaction period. Applying a low-amplitude waveform to the trap during this reaction time stops the ion/ion reaction at a chosen (and predicted) charge state for the protein. This funnels the analyte ions into a single channel with relatively high efficiency (>50% of reactant ion signal is converted into product ion signal) that can be used for quantitation. In TIPing, the target protein's molecular weight and charge state distribution are the only prerequisite knowledge required. This information can be acquired experimentally or can be easily predicted based upon amino acid sequences. Preliminary data for a biotherapeutic protein, a domain antibody, were collected using TIPing coupled online with liquid chromatography (LC-TIPing). The LC-TIPing data demonstrate a linear response for samples from 10-1000 ng/mL extracted from a complex plasma sample, demonstrating the analytical potential for TIPing.
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48
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Chen G, Warrack BM, Goodenough AK, Wei H, Wang-Iverson DB, Tymiak AA. Characterization of protein therapeutics by mass spectrometry: recent developments and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2010; 16:58-64. [PMID: 21093608 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technology in the discovery and development of protein therapeutics in the biopharmaceutical industry. This review article describes recent developments and future trends in the characterization of protein therapeutics using MS. We discuss top-down MS for the characterization of protein modifications, hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS and ion mobility MS methods for higher order protein structure studies. Quantitative analysis of protein therapeutics (in vivo) by MS as an orthogonal approach to immunoassay for pharmacokinetics studies will also be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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49
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Lesur A, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. Protein Quantification by MALDI-Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Using Sulfonate Derivatized Peptides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5227-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100602d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lesur
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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