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Sun S, Meng F, Qi H. Simultaneous determination of fourteen pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with accelerated solvent extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62522-62531. [PMID: 36943570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An online solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was developed for simultaneous determination of 14 pharmaceuticals in sludge. In the online SPE procedures, ultrapure water with no additives was used as the loading solvent. In addition, low molecular weight targets such as atenolol were difficult to retain on SPE column after acetone was added to the washing solvent. The response signal of analytes can be greatly improved by adding 0.2% formic acid to the mobile phase. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries of all the analytes ranged between 75.1 and 112%. Moreover, the limit of detections ranged from 1.8 to 7.9 ug/kg. The precision of analytical data was determined with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4.87%. This method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of pharmaceuticals in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, & School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, & School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Tian Y, Li J, Li X, Li J, Meng J. Sample pretreatment and analytical methodology for the determination of antibiotics in swine wastewater and activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83671-83685. [PMID: 35773613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of eight veterinary antibiotics in swine wastewater and activated sludge was developed and validated based on the instrumental determination by liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction were introduced into the pretreatment procedure of the two complex environmental matrices. The critical steps involved in the sample pretreatment procedure and the instrumental analysis conditions were optimized progressively. Recoveries of the optimized method were good with 75.3-118.2% in wastewater and 82.8-130.1% in sludge. The absolute deviations of methods were lower than 11.7%, presenting a high reproducibility and precision. The limits of quantification for the eight pharmaceuticals in wastewater and sludge were 5-15 ng·L-1 and 2-6 ng·g-1, showing high sensitivity of the methods. The developed method has been successfully applied to evaluate the actual concentration levels of tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides in actual swine wastewater (maximum detected concentration of 87.377 μg·L-1) and activated sludge (maximum detected concentration of 51242.3 ng·g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuling Li
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
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Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF. Quantification of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine as the main by-products in the electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62447-62457. [PMID: 35397035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs in Malaysia. It was detected frequently in wastewater. The electrochemical treatment process has been applied for the degradation of CBZ using graphite-PVC as an anode under these conditions: 0.5 g sodium chloride (NaCl)) as supporting electrolyte, 5 V and 0-60 min electrolysis time in 100 mL of solution. However, 10,11-dihydro10-hydroxy carbamazepine (HDX-CBZ) and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine (EPX-CBZ) as the main by-product have been analysed and quantified using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Both by-products were analysed in positive ionization mode, and they were separated on a chromatographic C18 column (5 μm, 2 mm × 150 mm) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was applied as a pre-concentration step for the enhancement of the sensitivity and detectability for both HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products. Methanol (MeOH) has been selected as the best elution solvent for both by-products compared to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and acetone (AC). However, the recovery was 85% and 92% for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.588 and 0.109 µg/L for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products, respectively. After 20 min of electrolysis time, both by-products HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ appeared at maximum concentrations of 343 and 144 μg/L then they were decreased to 17.2 and 9.8 μg/L, respectively, after 40 min. At the end of electrochemical treatment, both by-products were completely eliminated after 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Haider Mussa
- College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, Iraq
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq.
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Simultaneous Extraction of Four Antibiotic Compounds from Soil and Water Matrices. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of antibiotic resistance is on the rise and becoming a major health concern. Analyzing the presence of antibiotic compounds in the environment is critical for determining the potential health effects for humans, animals, and ecosystems. For this study, methods were developed to simultaneously isolate and quantify four antibiotics important in human medicine (sulfamethoxazole—SMX, trimethoprim—TMP, lincomycin—LIN, and ofloxacin—OFL) in water and soil matrices. For water analysis, different solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges (Oasis HLB plus and Phenomenex Strata-X) were compared. The Oasis HLB Plus SPE cartridge provided the highest and most consistent recoveries with 118 ± 5%, 86 ± 4%, 83 ± 5%, and 75 ± 1% for SMX, TMP, LIN, and OFL, respectively. For soil analysis, different pre-treatments (grinding and freeze-drying) and soil extraction methodologies (liquid-solid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)) were compared. The ASE system resulted in the highest overall recoveries of SMX, TMP, LIN, and OFL with an optimal extracting solution of acetonitrile/water (v/v, 50:50, pH 2.8). When the soil was ground and freeze-dried, trimethoprim recovery increased and when soil was ground, but not freeze-dried, LIN and OFL recoveries increased, while sulfamethoxazole recoveries decreased when soil was ground and freeze-dried. Based on this research, matrix characteristics, especially pH, as well as the pKa’s and functional groups of the antibiotics need to be carefully considered when attempting to extract antibiotic compounds from a water or soil environment.
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Xu DD, Li J, Wang ZH, Wang RQ, Yang L, Hu S, Li D, Chen X. Crystal film accelerated solvent microextraction for determination of flavonoids in natural products combined with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shen D, Gu X, Zheng Y, Delgado-Moreno L, Jia W, Ye Q, Wang W. The fate of erythromycin in soils and its effect on soil microbial community structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153373. [PMID: 35081411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin is one of the most commonly used macrolide antibiotics. However, little is known currently about the environmental behavior and fate of erythromycin in soils. Here erythromycin was 14C-labeled to investigate its degradation, mineralization and bound residues (BRs) in three typical agricultural soils. Results indicated the fate of 14C-erythromycin in soils varied greatly with soils types. Erythromycin was rapidly mineralized in black soil (BS) and fluvo-aquic soil (FS), whereas it rapidly formed large amounts of BRs in red soil (RS) with slow mineralization. At 120 d, about 90% of the introduced 14C-erythromycin was mineralized as 14CO2 in BS and FS, but only 30% in RS. There was still a certain proportion of BRs in all soils, especially in RS, up to 50%. Erythromycin residues (ERs) may be underestimated if its residues are only assessed by extractable residues. We recommend to include a practical silylation procedure to quantify Type I BRs in regular erythromycin residue monitoring, which can be used as signal of the need to initiate further laboratory BRs experiments. The degradation of erythromycin was mainly attributed to soil microorganisms, which promote erythromycin mineralization and lead to the re-release of BRs. Microbial analysis showed that erythromycin persisted longer in soils with lower microbial diversity and richness. Erythromycin at 2.5 mg kg-1 showed no significant impact on soil microbial diversity in all treatments, but caused changes in soil community composition. This study provides a reference for scientific evaluation and pollution remediation of erythromycin in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jinhu County, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yaoying Zheng
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Laura Delgado-Moreno
- Agricultural Chemistry and Bromatology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Weibin Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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Sellier A, Khaska S, Le Gal La Salle C. Assessment of the occurrence of 455 pharmaceutical compounds in sludge according to their physical and chemical properties: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128104. [PMID: 34996022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sludge agronomical reuse is of major interest due to the beneficial contribution of nutrients. However, it implies the introduction of unregulated pharmaceuticals into amended-soils and creates a controversial issue about sludge management. To limit their dissemination, it is essential to identify the compounds of interest and understand their attenuation mechanisms through the sludge processes. This paper summarizes the knowledge on 455 investigated pharmaceuticals among 32 therapeutical categories in amendable sludge matrices. It contributes to enlarging the list of commonly quantified compounds to 305 residues including 84 additional compounds compared to previous reviews. It highlights that sorption appears as the main mechanism controlling the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sludge matrices and shows the considerable residual levels of pharmaceuticals reaching several mg/kg in dry weight. Antibiotics, stimulants, and antidepressants show the highest concentrations up to 232 mg/kg, while diuretics, anti-anxieties or anticoagulants present the lowest concentrations reaching up to 686 µg/kg. Collected data show the increase in investigated compounds as antifungals or antihistamines, and underline emerging categories like antidiabetics, antivirals, or antiarrhythmics. The in-depth analysis of the substantial database guides onto the pharmaceuticals that are the most likely to occur in these amendable matrices to assist future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sellier
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Somar Khaska
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Corinne Le Gal La Salle
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
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8
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Qin C, Tang J, Qiao R, Lin S. Tetracycline sensitizes TiO2 for visible light photocatalytic degradation via ligand-to-metal charge transfer. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang L, Feng YX, Zhang H, Yu XZ. Estimating the synergistic and antagonistic effects of dual antibiotics on plants through root elongation test. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1598-1609. [PMID: 33180212 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are recently recognized as a group of emerging environmental contaminants that are frequently detected in various environmental matrixes. Relative root elongation (RRE) test is a rapid and effective strategy to evaluate the water/soil quality and the toxic effects of environmental contaminants on plants. In the present study, we examine the toxicity effect of ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), and tetracycline (TET) to pakchoi individually and in combinations. Both independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models are used for toxicity assessment. Results showed that the EC50 values of CIP, NOR, and TET are 193.59, 60.81, and 40.37 μM, respectively. Combinations of TET + CIP and TET + NOR caused more inhibitory effects on root elongation than those of CIP + NOR. Toxic Unit (TU) and Synergistic Ratio (SR) analysis showed that the relatively lower (higher) EC values are observed in the combinations with lower (higher) antibiotic concentrations, suggesting an effect of low-dose synergism and high-dose antagonism. The reliability of the simulation results from IA and CA models to predict that combined toxicity is highly dependent upon the results from the analysis of TU or SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, People's Republic of China.
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Adesanya T, Zvomuya F, Farenhorst A. Phytoextraction of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxaxole by cattail and switchgrass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130534. [PMID: 33892459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) can effectively remove inorganic contaminants from soils and biosolids, but their role in the attenuation of organic contaminants, such as antimicrobials, is currently poorly understood. Uptake by plants is one of several mechanisms by which plant-assisted attenuation of antimicrobials can be achieved. The objectives of this growth room study were to evaluate the plant uptake of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and examine their partitioning between plant roots and aboveground biomass (AGB). Plant uptake of the two 14C labeled antimicrobials was studied at two environmentally relevant concentrations (5 and 10 μg L-1). Plants were destructively sampled every 3-4 d during the 21-d growth period. Accumulation of CIP and SMX in both plant species was greater in the roots than in the AGB. The percentage uptake values of the two antimicrobials were significantly greater for cattail (34% for CIP, 20% for SMX) than for switchgrass (10% for both CIP and SMX). Translocation factors of the two antimicrobials were <1 for both plants, indicating slow movement of the antimicrobials from the roots to the shoots. For cattail roots, the BCF for CIP (1.58 L g-1) was significantly greater than that for SMX (0.8 L g-1). By comparison, BCFs for switchgrass roots did not differ significantly between CIP (0.88 L g-1) and SMX (1.13 L g-1). These results indicate greater potential for cattail to phytoextract CIP and SMX and significantly contribute to the attenuation of these antimicrobials in systems designed for the phytoremediation of contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Adesanya
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francis Zvomuya
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Huang R, Guo Z, Gao S, Ma L, Xu J, Yu Z, Bu D. Assessment of veterinary antibiotics from animal manure-amended soil to growing alfalfa, alfalfa silage, and milk. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112699. [PMID: 34454356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using animal manure as organic fertilizer to grow fodder crops is causing public health concerns because animal manure is the major reservoir of veterinary antibiotics. In this study, we used a mathematical model to estimate the risk of human exposure to veterinary antibiotics when using swine manure as organic fertilizer to grow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa was planted in a greenhouse and fertilized with swine manure spiked with oxytetracycline (OTC, at 0, 150, and 1500 mg/kg of manure), ofloxacin (OFL, at 0, 15, and 150 mg/kg), or sulfamonomethoxine (SMM, at 0, 5, 15 and 150 mg/kg). Alfalfa was harvested at the budding stage and ensiled for 60 days. Results showed that OTC and OFL could be detected in the alfalfa root, stem, and leaf with a concentration ranging from 8.85 to 59.17 μg OTC /kg and from 1.50 to 4.10 μg OFL/kg dry matter, but SMM could only be detected in the root ranging from 29.10 to 63.75 μg/kg dry matter. The ensiling for 60 days decreased the OFL concentration by 68.7% but only slightly decreased the OTC concentration. The maximum daily exposures of humans to OTC and OFL through liquid milk consumption were estimated to be 5.84E-8 and 1.63E-8 μg, respectively, both of which are well below the intake levels of OTC (72 μg) and OFL (54 μg) mandated by the European Union. The results of the present study indicate that using swine manure as organic fertilizer to grow alfalfa poses a limited risk for human exposure to veterinary antibiotics through the consumption of liquid milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zitai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; World Agroforestry Center, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, China; Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100081, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Jagirani MS, Soylak M. A review: Recent advances in solid phase microextraction of toxic pollutants using nanotechnology scenario. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Adesanya T, Zvomuya F, Farenhorst A. Sulfamethoxazole sorption by cattail and switchgrass roots. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:1021-1031. [PMID: 32941097 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1807263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sorption to roots is one of several mechanisms by which plant-assisted attenuation of antibiotics can be achieved. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the sorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by cattail and switchgrass roots, (2) determine the kinetics of SMX sorption by cattail and switchgrass roots, and (3) characterize the temperature-dependency of SMX sorption. A batch sorption experiment was conducted to measure SMX sorption by roots of the two plant species using five initial antibiotic concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µg L-1) and eight sampling times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). Another batch experiment was conducted at three temperatures (5, 15, and 25 °C) to determine the effect of temperature on sorption kinetics. SMX sorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The pseudo-second-order rate constant (k2) decreased with increasing temperature for both plant species. The rate constant followed the order: 5 °C = 15 °C > 25 °C for cattail and 5 °C > 15 °C = 25 °C for switchgrass. Results from this study show that switchgrass roots are more effective than cattail roots in the removal of SMX. Therefore, the use of switchgrass in systems designed for phytoremediation of contaminants might also provide an efficient removal of some antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Adesanya
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francis Zvomuya
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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Zhou W, Huang X, Lin K. Analysis of polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediment using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:148-155. [PMID: 30529613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel and sensitive method for the analysis of carbazole and polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs) in sediment using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Briefly, 5.0 g of freeze-dried sediment samples were extracted with dichloromethane using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The extract was purified with Florisil solid phase extraction cartridge, filtered through 0.22 µm polytetrafluoroethylene filter using a glass syringe, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides parameters for LC-MS/MS analysis, sample preparation procedures (including solvents for PLE, sorbents for cleanup, and filters for sample filtration) were optimized. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of target compounds were in the ranges of 3.0 × 10-3 to 0.22 ng g-1 dry weight (d.w.) and 1.0 × 10-2 to 0.75 ng g-1 d.w., respectively. The recoveries of target compounds in the spiked sediments at 2.0 ng g-1 d.w. and 10 ng g-1 d.w. were 64.8-91.8% and 70.9-124.7%, respectively, with relative standard deviations being less than 13.2%. Except that 36-BCZ had positive matrix effects of 63.3%, the sediment matrices generally displayed low or medium negative matrix effects on the other target compounds during LC-MS/MS analysis. The developed method was applied in the analysis of carbazoles and PHCs in sediment samples from Jiulong River, Fujian, China and all the target compounds were detected in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinwen Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Kunde Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Tian R, Zhang R, Uddin M, Qiao X, Chen J, Gu G. Uptake and metabolism of clarithromycin and sulfadiazine in lettuce. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:1134-1142. [PMID: 30823342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are introduced into agricultural fields by the application of manure or biosolids, or via irrigation using reclaimed wastewater. Antibiotics can enter the terrestrial food chains through plant uptake, which forms an alternative pathway for human exposure to antibiotics. However, previous studies mainly focused on detecting residues of the parent antibiotics, while ignoring the identification of antibiotics transformation products in plants. Here, we evaluated the uptake and metabolism of clarithromycin (CLA) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in lettuce under controlled hydroponic conditions. The antibiotics and their metabolites were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatograph Micromass triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The structure of CLA, SDZ and N-acetylated SDZ were confirmed with synthesized standards, verifying the reliability of the identification method. Eight metabolites of CLA and two metabolites of SDZ were detected in both the leaves and roots of lettuce. The metabolites of CLA included phases I and II transformation products, while only phase II metabolites of SDZ were observed in lettuce. The proportion of CLA metabolites was estimated to be greater than 70%, indicating that most of the CLA was metabolized in plant tissues. The proportion of SDZ metabolites was lower than 12% in the leaves and 10% in the roots. Some metabolites might have the ability to increase or acquire antibacterial activity. Therefore, in addition to the parent compounds, metabolites of antibiotics in edible vegetables are also worthy of study for risk assessment and to determine the consequences of long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Misbah Uddin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Gege Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China
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Thelusmond JR, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM. Carbamazepine, triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation and the phylotypes and functional genes associated with xenobiotic degradation in four agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:1138-1149. [PMID: 30677881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are released into the environment due to their poor removal during wastewater treatment. Agricultural soils subject to irrigation with wastewater effluent and biosolids application are possible reservoirs for these chemicals. This study examined the impact of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ), and the antimicrobial agents triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) on four soil microbial communities using shotgun sequencing (HiSeq Illumina) with the overall aim of determining possible degraders as well as the functional genes related to general xenobiotic degradation. The biodegradation of CBZ and TCC was slow, with ≤50% decrease during the 80-day incubation period. In contrast, TCS biodegradation was rapid, with ~80% removal in 25 days. For each chemical, when all four soils were considered together, between three and ten phylotypes (from multiple phyla) were more abundant in the soil samples compared to the live controls. The genera of a number of previously reported CBZ, TCC or TCS degrading isolates were present; Rhodococcus (CBZ), Streptomyces (CBZ), Pseudomonas (CBZ, TCC, TCS), Sphingomonas (TCC, TCS), Methylobacillus (TCS) and Stenotrophomonas (TCS) were among the most abundant (chemical previously reported to be degraded is shown in parenthesis). From the analysis of xenobiotic degrading pathways, genes from five KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Orthology pathways were the most dominant, including those associated with aminobenzoate, benzoate (most common), chlorocyclohexane/chlorobenzene, dioxin and nitrotoluene biodegradation. Several phylotypes including Bradyrhizobium, Mycobacterium, Rhodopseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Cupriavidus, and Streptomyces were common genera associated with these pathways. Overall, the data suggest several phylotypes are likely involved in the biodegradation of these PPCPs with Pseudomonas being an important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rene Thelusmond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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18
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Cycoń M, Mrozik A, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Antibiotics in the Soil Environment-Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 30906284 PMCID: PMC6418018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics play a key role in the management of infectious diseases in humans, animals, livestock, and aquacultures all over the world. The release of increasing amount of antibiotics into waters and soils creates a potential threat to all microorganisms in these environments. This review addresses issues related to the fate and degradation of antibiotics in soils and the impact of antibiotics on the structural, genetic and functional diversity of microbial communities. Due to the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which is considered a worldwide public health problem, the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils are also discussed. When antibiotic residues enter the soil, the main processes determining their persistence are sorption to organic particles and degradation/transformation. The wide range of DT50 values for antibiotic residues in soils shows that the processes governing persistence depend on a number of different factors, e.g., physico-chemical properties of the residue, characteristics of the soil, and climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and humidity). The results presented in this review show that antibiotics affect soil microorganisms by changing their enzyme activity and ability to metabolize different carbon sources, as well as by altering the overall microbial biomass and the relative abundance of different groups (i.e., Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi) in microbial communities. Studies using methods based on analyses of nucleic acids prove that antibiotics alter the biodiversity of microbial communities and the presence of many types of ARGs in soil are affected by agricultural and human activities. It is worth emphasizing that studies on ARGs in soil have resulted in the discovery of new genes and enzymes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, many ambiguous results indicate that precise estimation of the impact of antibiotics on the activity and diversity of soil microbial communities is a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Cycoń
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Wang K, Larkin T, Singhal N, Zhuang T. Amendment of municipal sewage sludge with lime and mussel shell: Effects on fate of organic matter and pharmaceutically active compounds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 85:272-282. [PMID: 30803581 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration in its strength from long-term degradation of organic matter and release of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have caused adverse environmental effects in municipal sewage sludge (MSS) landfill. Lime and a mixture of lime and mussel shell were employed as potential stabilization agents for MSS in this work. Their efficacy was assessed by investigating the effects on transformation of organic matter, as well as the occurrence and fate of four PhACs (fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, triclosan and carbamazepine) over 42 days. The addition of the selected agents: (i) prevented the microbial degradation of organic matter; (ii) modified the predominant functional groups of amide groups (amide I and II) and polysaccharides to deprotonated carboxylic groups and destruction of amide groups; and (iii) shifted the abundance of organic constituents from microbial by-products to humic acid-like organics with conformational changes. The measurement method provided reliable and precise results for determining PhAC concentrations in MSS with and without amendment, although matrix effects and process effects were found to affect measurement sensitivity. Available fractions of the PhACs increased in MSS with lime addition, but decreased in the presence of the mixture of lime and mussel shell due to the strong adsorption effects of the shells. The mixture of lime and mussel shell would be recommended for stabilizing MSS prior to being landfilled. However, longer term and larger scale investigation may be needed to better evaluate the applicability of lime and mussel shell for reducing the hazards and facilitating the management of MSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Institute of Soil, Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, New Zealand.
| | - Tam Larkin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, New Zealand
| | - Naresh Singhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, New Zealand
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Institute of Soil, Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, PR China
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20
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Mullen RA, Hurst JJ, Naas KM, Sassoubre LM, Aga DS. Assessing uptake of antimicrobials by Zea mays L. and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in manure-fertilized soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:409-415. [PMID: 30056230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manure-borne antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are of environmental concern due to their potential to be transferred into the food-web via plant-uptake. In this study, Zea mays L. seeds were grown in three different soil conditions: soil without dairy manure, dairy manure-amended soil, and antimicrobial spiked dairy manure-amended soil, to investigate the potential uptake of antimicrobials and ARGs present in manure. The antimicrobial spiked manure consisted of dairy manure fortified with 1 mg/Kg of each individual antimicrobial compounds belonging to the sulfonamide and tetracycline classes. Samples of the Zea mays L. plants were harvested over the course of three weeks to determine potential uptake of antimicrobials from soil to plant shoots, and to compare prevalence of ARGs in manure amended soils and plant tissue. Antimicrobial analysis was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ARGs (sul1, tetO, and OXA-1) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The study found that both tetracycline and sulfamerazine antimicrobials bioaccumulated in the Zea mays L., reaching concentrations of nearly 3000 ng/g and 1260 ng/g, respectively. Tetracycline residues predominated in the soil, while sulfonamides had mainly bioaccumulated in Zea mays L. tissue. The greatest average uptake factor within the Zea mays L. tissue was 8 for tetracyclines and 110 for sulfonamides indicating larger bioaccumulation of sulfonamides. Additionally, three ARGs (sul1, tetO, and OXA-1) were detected in the soil, only after manure application. However, ARGs were not detected in any of the plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Jerod J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Kayla M Naas
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Lauren M Sassoubre
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America.
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21
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Ezzariai A, Riboul D, Lacroix MZ, Barret M, El Fels L, Merlina G, Bousquet-Melou A, Patureau D, Pinelli E, Hafidi M. A pressurized liquid extraction approach followed by standard addition method and UPLC-MS/MS for a fast multiclass determination of antibiotics in a complex matrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:893-902. [PMID: 30119021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work a fast analytical method for the determination of macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones in a compost originating from a mixture of sewage sludge, palm waste and grass was developed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/MS). Antibiotics were extracted from compost by using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The chromatographic separation was carried out on a T3 Cortecs C18 column using a mobile phase gradient mixture of water acidified with 1% of formic acid and acetonitrile. Recoveries of 24-30%, 53-93%, 33-57%, 69-135% and 100-171% were obtained for roxithromycin (ROX), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), respectively. As the most part of antibiotics showed significant matrix effect (ME), the method was validated using the standard addition method (SAM) to correct the observed ME. Instrumental variation, of LC/MS system, showed that 93.75% of the relative standard deviation (RSD %) are below 15%, although the organic load of extracts. This analytical method was applied to assess the fate of antibiotics during composting. Two composting experiments were conducted separately after spiking sludge at 2 different concentrations levels. The resulting elimination rates were of 52-76, 69-100, 100 and 24-50% for ROX, CTC, OTC and CIP, respectively. These results suggest that composting process contributes to the removal of residuals concentrations of macrolides and tetracyclines while the fluoroquinolones persist in the final compost product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ezzariai
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - David Riboul
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco
| | - Maialen Barret
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco
| | - Georges Merlina
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Eric Pinelli
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; Agrobiosciences & Fertlizers Program, University Mohammed IV Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.
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22
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Thelusmond JR, Kawka E, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM. Diclofenac, carbamazepine and triclocarban biodegradation in agricultural soils and the microorganisms and metabolic pathways affected. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1393-1410. [PMID: 30021306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The incomplete elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during wastewater treatment has resulted in their detection in the environment. PPCP biodegradation is a potential removal mechanism; however, the microorganisms and pathways involved in soils are generally unknown. Here, the biodegradation of diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ) and triclocarban (TCC) in four agricultural soils at concentrations typically detected in soils and biosolids (50 ng g-1) was examined. Rapid DCF removal (<7 days) was observed under aerobic conditions, but only limited biodegradation was noted under other redox conditions. CBZ and TCC degradation under aerobic conditions was slow (half-lives of 128-241 days and 165-190 days for CBZ and TCC). Phylotypes in the Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadales and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant during DCF biodegradation compared to the controls (no DCF). For CBZ, those in the Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were enriched compared to the controls. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were also enriched during TCC biodegradation. Such differences could indicate these microorganisms are associated with the biodegradation of these compounds, as they appear to be benefiting from their removal. The impact of these PPCPs on the KEGG pathways associated with metabolism was also examined. Four pathways were positively impacted during DCF biodegradation (propanoate, lysine, fatty acid & benzoate metabolism). These pathways are likely common in soils, explaining the rapid removal of DCF. There was limited impact of CBZ on the metabolic pathways. TCC removal was linked to genes associated with the degradation of simple and complex substrates. The results indicate even low concentrations of PPCPs significantly affect soil communities. The recalcitrant nature of TCC and CBZ suggests soils receiving biosolids could accumulate these chemicals, representing risks concerning crop uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rene Thelusmond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Emily Kawka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Carmona E, Picó Y. The Use of Chromatographic Methods Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Emerging Pollutants in the Environment. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:305-316. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1430555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Carmona
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Filik H, Aslıhan Avan A. Conducting polymer modified screen-printed carbon electrode coupled with magnetic solid phase microextraction for determination of caffeine. Food Chem 2018; 242:301-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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de Souza CG, Rodrigues TH, E Silva LM, Ribeiro PR, de Brito ES. Sequential extraction of flavonoids and pectin from yellow passion fruit rind using pressurized solvent or ultrasound. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1362-1368. [PMID: 28758286 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passion fruit rind (PFR) represents 90% of the total fruit weight and is wasted during juice processing. Passion fruit rind is known to contain flavonoids and pectin. An alternative use for this fruit juice industrial residue is to obtain these compounds. This study aimed to verify the influence of pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) or ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoid and pectin in a sequential process. RESULTS The PSE using ethanol at 60:40 (v/v) yielded a total polyphenol content of 4.67 g GAE kg-1 PFR, orientin-7-O-glucoside (1.57 g kg-1 PFR) and luteolin-6-C-glucoside (2.44 g kg-1 PFR). Pectin yield was 165 g kg-1 PFR, either in PSE or UAE. Pectin characterization indicates that the pectic structure has basically homogalacturonans and galacturonate followed by a galacturonic acid ester unit, with methylation degree of 70%. CONCLUSION With this study it can be concluded that mixtures of alcohols with water favor the extraction of bioactive compounds of passion fruit peel. Both PSE and UAE were effective in sequentially extracting flavonoids and pectin. The preferred solvent is ethanol due to its lower toxicity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G de Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edy S de Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Pici, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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26
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Al Jitan S, Alkhoori SA, Yousef LF. Phenolic Acids From Plants: Extraction and Application to Human Health. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Pan M, Chu LM. Fate of antibiotics in soil and their uptake by edible crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:500-512. [PMID: 28482307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are bioactive substances, and their use as human and animal medicines for illness prevention, disease treatment and growth promotion has increased in recent decades. They are excreted, either unchanged or metabolized, and are discharged to the environment through animal manure, municipal wastewater or biosolids. Consequently, these chemicals reach cropland, which is advocated as a means of recycling. As these drugs are used in escalating quantities, there is growing concern over their presence, toxicity and fate in the soil, which may pose adverse effects on plant growth and productivity, as well as result in their uptake and accumulation in crops. These will contaminate the food chain and eventually affect human health. In this review, we summarize recent research and provide a detailed overview of antibiotics in soil-plant systems, including 1) the occurrence and determination of antibiotics around the world and their routes of entry to the environment, 2) the impact of wastewater irrigation and animal manure or biosolids amendment on agricultural soils, 3) the transport and persistence of antibiotics in the terrestrial environment, and 4) the bioaccumulation and translocation of antibiotics in different tissues of edible crops under laboratory and field conditions. Their impacts on the environment and potential human exposure are elucidated. Knowledge gaps and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L M Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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28
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS. Procedures of determining organic trace compounds in municipal sewage sludge-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4383-4412. [PMID: 27966086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is the largest by-product generated during the wastewater treatment process. Since large amounts of sludge are being produced, different ways of disposal have been introduced. One tempting option is to use it as fertilizer in agricultural fields due to its high contents of inorganic nutrients. This, however, can be limited by the amount of trace contaminants in the sewage sludge, containing a variety of microbiological pollutants and pathogens but also inorganic and organic contaminants. The bioavailability and the effects of trace contaminants on the microorganisms of soil are still largely unknown as well as their mixture effects. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the sludge to test its suitability before further use. In this article, a variety of sampling, pretreatment, extraction, and analysis methods have been reviewed. Additionally, different organic trace compounds often found in the sewage sludge and their methods of analysis have been compiled. In addition to traditional Soxhlet extraction, the most common extraction methods of organic contaminants in sludge include ultrasonic extraction (USE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by instrumental analysis based on gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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29
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Łukaszewicz P, Maszkowska J, Mulkiewicz E, Kumirska J, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Impact of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals on the Agricultural Environment: A Re-inspection. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 243:89-148. [PMID: 28005213 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) is a result of growing animal production. Manure, a great crop fertilizer, contains a significant amount of VPs. The investigation of VPs in manure is prevalent, because of the potential risk for environmental organisms, as well as human health. A re-evaluation of the impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on the agricultural environment is needed, even though several publications appear every year. The aim of this review was to collate the data from fields investigated for the presence of VPs as an inevitable component of manure. Data on VP concentrations in manure, soils, groundwater and plants were collected from the literature. All of this was connected with biotic and abiotic degradation, leaching and plant uptake. The data showed that the sorption of VPs into soil particles is a process which decreases the negative impact of VPs on the microbial community, the pollution of groundwater, and plant uptake. What was evident was that most of the data came from experiments conducted under conditions different from those in the environment, resulting in an overestimation of data (especially in the case of leaching). The general conclusion is that the application of manure on crop fields leads to a negligible risk for plants, bacteria, and finally humans, but in future every group of compounds needs to be investigated separately, because of the high divergence of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Joanna Maszkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
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Larivière A, Lissalde S, Soubrand M, Casellas-Français M. Overview of Multiresidues Analytical Methods for the Quantitation of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Solid Matrixes: Comparison of Analytical Development Strategy for Sewage Sludge, Manure, Soil, and Sediment Samples. Anal Chem 2016; 89:453-465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Larivière
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marilyne Soubrand
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Magali Casellas-Français
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), National
Higher Engineering School of Limoges (ENSIL), Parc ESTER Technopole, 16 Rue Atlantis, 87720 Limoges, France
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Topp E, Renaud J, Sumarah M, Sabourin L. Reduced persistence of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin in agricultural soil following several years of exposure in the field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:136-144. [PMID: 27096634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are very important in human and animal medicine, and can be entrained onto agricultural ground through application of sewage sludge or manures. In the present study, a series of replicated field plots were left untreated or received up to five annual spring applications of a mixture of three drugs to achieve a nominal concentration for each of 10 or 0.1mgkg(-1) soil; the latter an environmentally relevant concentration. Soil samples were incubated in the laboratory, and supplemented with antibiotics to establish the dissipation kinetics of erythromycin and clarithromycin using radioisotope methods, and azithromycin using HPLC-MS/MS. All three drugs were dissipated significantly more rapidly in soils with a history of field exposure to 10mgkg(-1) macrolides, and erythromycin and clarithromycin were also degraded more rapidly in field soil exposed to 0.1mgkg(-1) macrolides. Rapid mineralization of (14)C-labelled erythromycin and clarithromycin are consistent with biodegradation. Analysis of field soils revealed no carryover of parent compound from year to year. Azithromycin transformation products were detected consistent with removal of the desosamine and cladinose moieties. Overall, these results have revealed that following several years of exposure to macrolide antibiotics these are amenable to accelerated degradation. The potential accelerated degradation of these drugs in soils amended with manure and sewage sludge should be investigated as this phenomenon would attenuate environmental exposure and selection pressure for clinically relevant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
| | - Justin Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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Li M, Sun Q, Li Y, Lv M, Lin L, Wu Y, Ashfaq M, Yu CP. Simultaneous analysis of 45 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sludge by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4953-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wang S, Chen L, Fan CQ, Wang P. Determination of Abscisic Acid, Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-Acetic Acid, and Zeatin Riboside in Masson Pine (Pinus massonianaL.) by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1137929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Aga DS, Lenczewski M, Snow D, Muurinen J, Sallach JB, Wallace JS. Challenges in the Measurement of Antibiotics and in Evaluating Their Impacts in Agroecosystems: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:407-19. [PMID: 27065387 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.07.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of antibiotics are used in agricultural production, resulting in their release to agroecosystems through numerous pathways, including land application of contaminated manure, runoff from manure-fertilized fields, and wastewater irrigation of croplands. Antibiotics and their transformation products (TPs) exhibit a wide range of physico-chemical and biological properties and thus present substantive analytical challenges. Advances in the measurement of these compounds in various environmental compartments (plants, manure, soil, sediment, and water) have uncovered a previously unrealized landscape of antibiotic residues. These advanced multiresidue methods, designed to measure sub-ng g concentrations in complex mixtures, remain limited by the inherent intricacy of the sample matrices and the difficultly in eliminating interferences that affect antibiotic detection. While efficient extraction methods combined with high sensitivity analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry can provide accurate quantification of antibiotics and their TPs, measured concentrations do not necessarily reflect their bioavailable fractions and effects in the environment. Consequently, there is a need to complement chemical analysis with biological assays that can provide information on bioavailability, biological activity, and effects of mixtures. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), often used as screening tools for antibiotic residues, may be useful for detecting the presence of structurally related antibiotic mixtures but not their effects. Other tools, including bioreporter assays, hold promise in measuring bioavailable antibiotics and could provide insights on their biological activity. Improved assessment of the ecological and human health risks associated with antibiotics in agroecosystems requires continued advances in analytical accuracy and sensitivity through improvements in sample preparation, instrumentation, and screening technologies.
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Makowska N, Koczura R, Mokracka J. Class 1 integrase, sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant and surface water. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1665-73. [PMID: 26519797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are considered hot spots for multiplication and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. In this study, we determined the presence of class 1 integron integrase and genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines and sulfonamides in the genomes of culturable bacteria isolated from a wastewater treatment plant and the river that receives the treated wastewater. Moreover, using PCR-based metagenomic approach, we quantified intI1, tet and sul genes. Wastewater treatment caused the decrease in the total number of culturable heterotrophs and bacteria resistant to tetracycline and sulfonamides, along with the decrease in the number of intI1, sul and tet gene copies per ml, with significant reduction of tet(B). On the other hand, the treatment process increased both the frequency of tetracycline- and sulfonamide-resistant bacteria and intI1-positive strains, and the relative abundance of all quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and intI1 gene; in the case of tet(A) and sul2 significantly. The discharge of treated wastewater increased the number of intI1, tet and sul genes in the receiving river water both in terms of copy number per ml and relative abundance. Hence, despite the reduction of the number of ARGs and ARBs, wastewater treatment selects for bacteria with ARGs in effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Makowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Koczura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Mokracka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Geng C, Bergheaud V, Garnier P, Zhu YG, Haudin CS. Impact of liming and drying municipal sewage sludge on the amount and availability of (14)C-acetyl sulfamethoxazole and (14)C-acetaminophen residues. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:156-163. [PMID: 26492342 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl Sulfamethoxazole (AC-SMX) and acetaminophen (ACM) can be found in municipal sewage sludge, and their content and availability may be influenced by sludge treatments, such as drying and liming. A sludge similarly centrifuged with/without a flocculant was spiked with (14)C-labelled AC-SMX or ACM. Then, it was either limed (20% CaO) or/and dried under different laboratory conditions (1 week at ambient temperature; and 48 h at 40 or 80 °C). The total amount and distribution of the (14)C-compounds among several chemical fractions, based on the sludge floc definition, were assessed at the end of the treatments. All the (14)C-activity brought initially was recovered in the limed and/or dried sludges for AC-SMX but only between 44.4 and 84.9% for ACM, with the highest rate obtained for the limed sludge. Drying at 80 °C or liming increased the percentage of the sludge total organic carbon recovered in the extracts containing soluble extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS) and the percentage of the total (14)C-activity extracted simultaneously. The non-extractable residues represented only 3.9-11.6% of the total (14)C-activity measured in the treated sludges for AC-SMX and 16.9-21.8% for ACM. The presence of AC-SMX and ACM residues in the treated sludges, after liming and drying under different conditions, was shown using some (14)C-labelled molecules. At this time scale and according to the extraction method selected, most of the (14)C-residues remained soluble and easily extractable for both compounds. This result implies that certain precautions should be taken when storing sludges before being spread on the field. Sludge piles, particularly the limed sludge, should be protected from rain to limit the production of lixiviates, which may contain residues of AC-SMX and ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnu Geng
- INRA, UMR 1402 Écologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, China.
| | - Valérie Bergheaud
- INRA, UMR 1402 Écologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Patricia Garnier
- INRA, UMR 1402 Écologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, China.
| | - Claire-Sophie Haudin
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 Écologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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de Sousa DNR, Grosseli GM, Mozeto AA, Carneiro RL, Fadini PS. Ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the simultaneous determination of emerging contaminants in freshwater sediments. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3454-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nara Ribeiro de Sousa
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar; São Carlos Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Grosseli
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar; São Carlos Brazil
| | - Antonio Aparecido Mozeto
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar; São Carlos Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Grupo de Quimiometria Aplicada; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar; São Carlos Brazil
| | - Pedro Sergio Fadini
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar; São Carlos Brazil
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38
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Chuang YH, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Boyd SA, Li H. Comparison of accelerated solvent extraction and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for extraction and determination of pharmaceuticals in vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1404:1-9. [PMID: 26065569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Land application of biosolids and irrigation with reclaimed water in agricultural production could result in accumulation of pharmaceuticals in vegetable produce. To better assess the potential human health impact from long-term consumption of pharmaceutical-contaminated vegetables, it is important to accurately quantify the amount of pharmaceuticals accumulated in vegetables. In this study, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed and optimized to extract multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from vegetables, which were subsequently quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. For the eleven target pharmaceuticals in celery and lettuce, the extraction recovery of the QuEChERS method ranged from 70.1 to 118.6% with relative standard deviation <20%, and the method detection limit was achieved at the levels of nanograms of pharmaceuticals per gram of vegetables. The results revealed that the performance of the QuEChERS method was comparable to, or better than that of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method for extraction of pharmaceuticals from plants. The two optimized extraction methods were applied to quantify the uptake of pharmaceuticals by celery and lettuce growing hydroponically. The results showed that all the eleven target pharmaceuticals could be absorbed by the vegetables from water. Compared to the ASE method, the QuEChERS method offers the advantages of short time and reduced costs of sample preparation, and less amount of organic solvents used. The established QuEChERS method could be used to determine the accumulation of multiple classes of pharmaceutical residues in vegetables and other plants, which is needed to evaluate the quality and safety of agricultural produce consumed by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen A Boyd
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Petrie B, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:3-27. [PMID: 25267363 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1168] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This review identifies understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment, and recommends direction for future monitoring. Non-regulated trace organic ECs including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products are focused on due to ongoing policy initiatives and the expectant broadening of environmental legislation. These ECs are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, mainly derived from the discharge of municipal wastewater effluents. Their presence is of concern due to the possible ecological impact (e.g., endocrine disruption) to biota within the environment. To better understand their fate in wastewaters and in the environment, a standardised approach to sampling is needed. This ensures representative data is attained and facilitates a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends of EC occurrence. During wastewater treatment, there is a lack of suspended particulate matter analysis due to further preparation requirements and a lack of good analytical approaches. This results in the under-reporting of several ECs entering wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) and the aquatic environment. Also, sludge can act as a concentrating medium for some chemicals during wastewater treatment. The majority of treated sludge is applied directly to agricultural land without analysis for ECs. As a result there is a paucity of information on the fate of ECs in soils and consequently, there has been no driver to investigate the toxicity to exposed terrestrial organisms. Therefore a more holistic approach to environmental monitoring is required, such that the fate and impact of ECs in all exposed environmental compartments are studied. The traditional analytical approach of applying targeted screening with low resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., triple quadrupoles) results in numerous chemicals such as transformation products going undetected. These can exhibit similar toxicity to the parent EC, demonstrating the necessity of using an integrated analytical approach which compliments targeted and non-targeted screening with biological assays to measure ecological impact. With respect to current toxicity testing protocols, failure to consider the enantiomeric distribution of chiral compounds found in the environment, and the possible toxicological differences between enantiomers is concerning. Such information is essential for the development of more accurate environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Petrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Li J, Cheng W, Xu L, Strong PJ, Chen H. Antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the effluent of urban residential areas, hospitals, and a municipal wastewater treatment plant system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4587-4596. [PMID: 25323405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the abundance of 8 antibiotics (3 tetracyclines, 4 sulfonamides, and 1 trimethoprim), 12 antibiotic-resistant genes (10 tet, 2 sul), 4 antibiotic-resistant bacteria (tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and combined resistance), and class 1 integron integrase gene (intI1) in the effluent of residential areas, hospitals, and municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) systems. The concentrations of total/individual targets (antibiotics, genes, and bacteria) varied remarkably among different samples, but the hospital samples generally had a lower abundance than the residential area samples. The WWTP demonstrated removal efficiencies of 50.8% tetracyclines, 66.8% sulfonamides, 0.5 logs to 2.5 logs tet genes, and less than 1 log of sul and intI1 genes, as well as 0.5 log to 1 log removal for target bacteria. Except for the total tetracycline concentration and the proportion of tetracycline-resistant bacteria (R (2) = 0.330, P < 0.05), there was no significant correlation between antibiotics and the corresponding resistant bacteria (P > 0.05). In contrast, various relationships were identified between antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (P < 0.05). Tet (A) and tet (B) displayed noticeable relationships with both tetracycline and combined antibiotic-resistant bacteria (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Hu L, Lu G, Li Y. Occurrence of estrogens in water, sediment and biota and their ecological risk in Northern Taihu Lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2015; 37:147-156. [PMID: 25117485 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of five estrogens, including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) in water, sediment and biota in Northern Taihu Lake, were investigated and their ecological risk was evaluated. Most of the target estrogens were widely distributed in the eight studied sampling sites, and their levels showed a regional trend of Gong Bay > Meiliang Bay > Zhushan Bay. The average concentrations of E1, E2, E3, EE2 and BPA ranged from 3.86 to 64.4 ng l(-1), 44.3 to 64.1 μg kg(-1) dry weight and 58.6 to 115 μg kg(-1) dry weight in water, sediments and biota, respectively. In most cases, the average concentrations of BPA and E2 were higher than those of other estrogens. E1, E3 and EE2 were found to be accumulated in river snails with bioaccumulation factor values as high as 14,204, 35,327 and 20,127 l kg(-1), respectively. E3 was also considered to be accumulated in clams. The evaluation of environmental risk showed that the occurrence of E2 and EE2 in lakes might pose a high risk to aquatic organisms. These findings provide important information for estrogen control and management in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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42
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Qian XB, Ye JP, Chen XM, Zhang CH, Liang YJ, Li ZH, Yang J. Analysis of Cembranoids in Flue-cured Tobacco by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Selected Ion Monitoring. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yuan X, Qiang Z, Ben W, Zhu B, Liu J. Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1949-1959. [PMID: 25193847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work described the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for rapid detection of multiple-class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge samples based on ultrasonic solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification. The results indicated that the developed method could effectively extract all the target pharmaceuticals (25) in a single process and analyze them within 24min. The recoveries of the target pharmaceuticals were in the range of 69%-131% for wastewater and 54%-130% for sludge at different spiked concentration levels. The method quantification limits in wastewater and sludge ranged from 0.02 to 0.73ng/L and from 0.02 to 1.00μg/kg, respectively. Subsequently, this method was validated and applied for residual pharmaceutical analysis in a wastewater treatment plant located in Beijing, China. All the target pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent samples with concentrations varying from 0.09ng/L (tiamulin) to 15.24μg/L (caffeine); meanwhile, up to 23 pharmaceuticals were detected in sludge samples with concentrations varying from 60ng/kg (sulfamethizole) to 8.55mg/kg (ofloxacin). The developed method demonstrated its selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability for detecting multiple-class pharmaceuticals in complex matrices such as municipal wastewater and sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weiwei Ben
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Determination of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge and biochar from hydrothermal carbonization using different quantification approaches and matrix effect studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:821-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Sehati N, Dalali N, Soltanpour S, Seyed Dorraji MS. Extraction and preconcentration of tylosin from milk samples through functionalized TiO2nanoparticles reinforced with a hollow fiber membrane as a novel solid/liquid-phase microextraction technique. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2025-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sehati
- Phase Separation & FIA Lab; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan; Zanjan Iran
| | - Nasser Dalali
- Phase Separation & FIA Lab; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan; Zanjan Iran
| | - Shahla Soltanpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Zanjan Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji
- Phase Separation & FIA Lab; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan; Zanjan Iran
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Heo JY, Kim S, Kang JH, Moon B. Determination of Lutein from Green Tea and Green Tea By-Products Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction and UPLC. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C816-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Heo
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang Univ; Anseoung-si Gyeonggi-do; 456-756 Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Food and Nutrition in Home Economics; Korea National Open Univ; 169 Dongsung-Dong Jongno-Gu Seoul 110-791 Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kang
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang Univ; Anseoung-si Gyeonggi-do; 456-756 Korea
| | - BoKyung Moon
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang Univ; Anseoung-si Gyeonggi-do; 456-756 Korea
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47
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Determination of selected pharmaceutical compounds in biosolids by supported liquid extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1336:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Jakimska A, Kot-Wasik A, Namieśnik J. The Current State-of-the-Art in the Determination of Pharmaceutical Residues in Environmental Matrices Using Hyphenated Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 44:277-98. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.835244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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49
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Picard P, Surampalli RY. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:58-75. [PMID: 24140682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are considered as emerging environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence to the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. Among them, carbamazepine (CBZ) has been detected at the highest frequency, which ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of CBZ in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the toxicity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Furthermore, WWS has been subjected for re-use either in agricultural application or for the production of value-added products through the route of bioconversion. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds and in order to protect the ecosystem or end users, data concerning the concentration, fate, behavior as well as the perspective of simultaneous degradation of these compounds is urgently necessary. Many treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed in order to degrade CBZ in WW and WWS. AOPs are technologies based on the intermediacy of hydroxyl and other radicals to oxidize recalcitrant, toxic and non-biodegradable compounds to various by-products and eventually to inert end products. The purpose of this review is to provide information on persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine, its ecological effects and removal during various AOPs of WW and WWS. This review also reports the different analytical methods available for quantification of CBZ in different contaminated media including WW and WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Picard
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- US Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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50
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Chen Y, Yu G, Cao Q, Zhang H, Lin Q, Hong Y. Occurrence and environmental implications of pharmaceuticals in Chinese municipal sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1765-1772. [PMID: 23827484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment has become a topic of concern because of their potential adverse effects on human health and wildlife species. A total of 45 dewatered sewage sludge samples were collected throughout China and analyzed for 30 commonly consumed pharmaceutical residues. Ofloxacin was found to be the dominant contaminant with concentrations up to 24760 μg kg(-1), followed by oxytetracycline (5280 μg kg(-1)), norfloxacin (5280 μg kg(-1)) and ketoprofen (4458 μg kg(-1)). The concentration of pharmaceutical residues varied greatly depending on the operation conditions of wastewater treatment plants and sampling locations. Poor agreement was found between the predicted (calculation based on the annual consumption and coefficient of sludge water partition) and detected concentrations of the pharmaceuticals indicating that the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues was affected by various factors such as loading rates, sewage properties and the chemical properties such as the contribution from polar groups. National wide fate and ecotoxicity study is required for the development of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; School of Environment, THU-VEOLIA Joint Research Center for Advanced Environmental Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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