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Zhu J, Wang Y, Su Y, Zheng M, Cui H, Chen Z. RNA sequencing identifies key genes involved in intramuscular fat deposition in chickens at different developmental stages. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:219. [PMID: 38413888 PMCID: PMC10900564 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important factor in meat quality, and triglyceride (TG) and Phospholipids (PLIP), as the main components of IMF, are of great significance to the improvement of meat quality. RESULTS In this study, we used 30 RNA sequences generated from the transcriptome of chicken breast muscle tissues at different developmental stages to construct a gene expression matrix to map RNA sequence reads to the chicken genome and identify the transcript of origin. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified 27 co-expression modules, 10 of which were related to TG and PLIP. We identified 150 highly-connected hub genes related to TG and PLIP, respectively, which were found to be mainly enriched in the adipocytokine signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Additionally, using the BioMart database, we identified 134 and 145 candidate genes related to fat development in the TG-related module and PLIP-related module, respectively. Among them, RPS6KB1, BRCA1, CDK1, RPS3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, NDUFAB1, NDUFA9, ATP5B and PRKAG2 were identified as candidate genes related to fat development and highly-connected hub genes in the module, suggesting that these ten genes may be important candidate genes affecting IMF deposition. CONCLUSIONS RPS6KB1, BRCA1, CDK1, RPS3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, NDUFAB1, NDUFA9, ATP5B and PRKAG2 may be important candidate genes affecting IMF deposition. The purpose of this study was to identify the co-expressed gene modules related to chicken IMF deposition using WGCNA and determine key genes related to IMF deposition, so as to lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism underlying chicken fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongchun Su
- Guangxi Jingling Agriculture and animal Husbandry Group Co., LTD, Nanning, 530049, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Guangxi Jingling Agriculture and animal Husbandry Group Co., LTD, Nanning, 530049, China.
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Vrkoslav V, Horká P, Jindřich J, Buděšínský M, Cvačka J. Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Analyzing Cuticular Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093794. [PMID: 37175204 PMCID: PMC10179885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are usually analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, analyzing long-chain HCs by GC is difficult because of their low volatility and the risk of decomposition at high temperatures. MALDI cannot distinguish between isomeric HCs. An alternative approach based on silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) is shown here. The separation of HC standards and cuticular HCs was accomplished using two ChromSpher Lipids columns connected in series. A gradient elution of the analytes was optimized using mobile phases prepared from hexane (or isooctane) and acetonitrile, 2-propanol, or toluene. HCs were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Good separation of the analytes according to the number of double bonds, cis/trans geometry, and position of double bonds was achieved. The retention times increased with the number of double bonds, and trans isomers eluted ahead of cis isomers. The mobile phase significantly affected the mass spectra of HCs. Depending on the mobile phase composition, deprotonated molecules, molecular ions, protonated molecules, and various solvent-related adducts of HCs were observed. The optimized Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS was applied for characterizing cuticular HCs from a flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata, and cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The method made it possible to detect a significantly higher number of HCs than previously reported for GC or MALDI-MS. Unsaturated HCs were frequently detected as isomers differing by double-bond position(s). Minor HCs with trans double bonds were found beside the prevailing cis isomers. Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS has great potential to become a new tool in chemical ecology for studying cuticular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Optimized Identification of Triacylglycerols in Milk by HPLC-HRMS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work has developed an optimized workflow for the targeted analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in milk by liquid chromatography coupled with a Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer. First, the effects of resolution (17,500; 35,000; 70,000; 140,000) and automatic gain control target (AGC, from 2×104, 2×105, 1×106, and 3×106) have been optimized with the goal to minimize the injection time, maximize the number of scans, and minimize the mass error. Then, the flow rate of the liquid chromatography system was also optimized by maximizing the number of theoretical plates. The resulting optimized parameters consisted of a flow rate of 200 μL/min, mass resolution of 35,000, and AGC target of 2×105. Such optimal conditions were applied for targeted TAG analysis of milk fat extracts. Up to 14 target triglycerides in milk fat were identified performing a data-dependent HPLC-HRMS-MS2 experiment (t-SIM-ddMS2). The findings reported here can be helpful for MS-based lipidomic workflows and targeted milk lipid analysis.
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Koch E, Wiebel M, Hopmann C, Kampschulte N, Schebb NH. Rapid quantification of fatty acids in plant oils and biological samples by LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5439-5451. [PMID: 34296318 PMCID: PMC8405509 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of fatty acids (FA) in food and biological samples such as blood is indispensable in modern life sciences. We developed a rapid, sensitive and comprehensive method for the quantification of 41 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by means of LC-MS. Optimized chromatographic separation of isobaric analytes was carried out on a C8 reversed phase analytical column (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm core–shell particle) with a total run time of 15 min with back pressure lower than 300 bar. On an old triple quadrupole instrument (3200, AB Sciex), pseudo selected reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification of the poorly fragmenting FA, yielding limits of detection of 5–100 nM. Sample preparation was carried out by removal of phospholipids and triglycerides by solid-phase extraction (non-esterified fatty acids in oils) or saponification in iso-propanol (fatty acyls). This is not only a rapid strategy for quantification of fatty acyls, but allows the direct combination with the LC-MS-based analysis of fatty acid oxidation products (eicosanoids and other oxylipins) from the same sample. The concentrations of fatty acyls determined by means of LC-MS were consistent with those from GC-FID analysis demonstrating the accuracy of the developed method. Moreover, the method shows high precisions with a low intra-day (≤ 10% for almost all fatty acids in plasma and ≤ 15% in oils) and inter-day as well as inter-operator variability (< 20%). The method was successfully applied on human plasma and edible oils. The possibility to quantify non-esterified fatty acids in samples containing an excess of triacylglycerols and phospholipids is a major strength of the described approach allowing to gain new insights in the composition of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michelle Wiebel
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carolin Hopmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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5
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Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples.
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Hu W, Pan Q, Liu Z, Ling G, Shi Q, Weng R. Diacylglycerols ions as novel marker indicators for the classification of edible oils using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110422. [PMID: 34112424 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAGs) ions, instead of triacylglycerols (TAGs) ions, were established as marker indicators for an improved classification of edible oils using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS). DAGs ions can be used not only to identify triacylglycerols (TAGs) and their embedded fatty acids (FAs), but also to distinguish positional isomers of TAGs. In this work, DAGs ions were determined in edible oils by direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (APCI-UHRMS), where the ultrahigh resolving power up to 500,000 FWHM (full width at half maximum) can provide accurate molecular compositions and detailed fingerprints MS spectra in a minute. A total of 146 samples belonging to 22 species of plant oils and animal fats, were characterized. Chemometric analyses were performed using principal component analysis, partial least square-discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. DAGs ions were proved to be better than TAGs ions as marker indicators in the chemometric analyses. An overall correct rate of 93.40% was achieved for the classification of tested samples. In addition, blend oils and gutter oils were also characterized by this developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yehua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Wenya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhanfang Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guannan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Methods of Lipidomic Analysis: Extraction, Derivatization, Separation, and Identification of Lipids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33791982 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Lipidomics refers to the large-scale study of pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. A lipidomic analysis often involves the identification and quantification of the thousands of cellular lipid molecular species within a complex biological sample and therefore requires a well optimized method for lipid profiling. In this chapter, the methods for lipidomic analysis, including sample collection and preparation, lipid derivatization and separation, mass spectrometric identification of lipids, data processing and interpretation, and quality control, are overviewed.
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Palyzová A, Cajthaml T, Řezanka T. Separation of regioisomers and enantiomers of triacylglycerols containing branched fatty acids (iso and/or anteiso). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1832-1843. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 4 Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies Faculty of Science Charles University Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 4 Czech Republic
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Addepalli RV, Mullangi R. A concise review on lipidomics analysis in biological samples. ADMET AND DMPK 2020; 9:1-22. [PMID: 35299875 PMCID: PMC8923307 DOI: 10.5599/admet.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex and critical heterogeneous molecular entity, playing an intricate and key role in understanding biological activities and disease processes. Lipidomics aims to quantitatively define the lipid classes, including their molecular species. The analysis of the biological tissues and fluids are challenging due to the extreme sample complexity and occurrence of the molecular species as isomers or isobars. This review documents the overview of lipidomics workflow, beginning from the approaches of sample preparation, various analytical techniques and emphasizing the state-of-the-art mass spectrometry either by shotgun or coupled with liquid chromatography. We have considered the latest ion mobility spectroscopy technologies to deal with the vast number of structural isomers, different imaging techniques. All these techniques have their pitfalls and we have discussed how to circumvent them after reviewing the power of each technique with examples..
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Laxai Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, MN Park, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad-500 078, India
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Palyzová A, Řezanka T. Separation and identification of diacylglycerols containing branched chain fatty acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461708. [PMID: 33223151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A combination of two chromatographic and two enzymatic methods was used for the analysis of molecular species of lipids from Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Kocuria. Gram-positive bacteria contain a majority of branched fatty acids (FAs), especially iso- and/or anteiso-FAs. Two strains K. rhizophila were cultivated at three different temperatures (20, 28, and 37°C) and the majority phospholipid, i.e., the mixture of molecular species of phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) was separated by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). After enzymatic hydrolysis of PGs by phospholipase C and derivatization of the free OH group, the sn-1,2-diacyl-3-acetyl triacylglycerols (AcTAGs) were separated by reversed phase HPLC. Molecular species such as i-15:0/i-15:0/2:0, ai-15:0/ai-15:0/2:0, and 15:0/15:0/2:0 (straight chains) were identified by liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The tandem mass spectra of both standards and natural compounds containing iso, anteiso and straight chain FAs with the same carbons were identical. Therefore, for identification of the ratio of two regioisomers, i.e. i-15:0/ai-15:0/2:0 vs. ai-15:0/i-15:0/2:0, they were cleavage by pancreatic lipase. The mixture of free fatty acids (FFAs) and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) was obtained. After their separation by TLC and esterification and/or transesterification, the fatty acid methyl esters were quantified by GC-MS and thus the ratio of regioisomers was determined. It has been shown that the ratio of PG (containing as majority i-15: 0 / i-15: 0, i-15: 0 / ai-15: 0 and / or ai-15: 0 / i-15: 0 and ai-15: 0 / ai-15: 0 molecular species) significantly affected the membrane flow of bacterial cells cultured at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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11
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Kaličanin D, Brčić L, Ljubetić K, Barić A, Gračan S, Brekalo M, Torlak Lovrić V, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Zemunik T, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Differences in food consumption between patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10670. [PMID: 32606353 PMCID: PMC7327046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is considered as important environmental factor that plays a role in development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The goal of our study was to identify food groups, assessed by food frequency questionnaire, that differ in consumption frequency between 491 patients with HT and 433 controls. We also analysed association of food groups with the wealth of HT-related clinical traits and symptoms. We found significantly increased consumption of animal fat (OR 1.55, p < 0.0001) and processed meat (OR 1.16, p = 0.0012) in HT cases, whereas controls consumed significantly more frequently red meat (OR 0.80, p < 0.0001), non-alcoholic beverages (OR 0.82, p < 0.0001), whole grains (OR 0.82, p < 0.0001) and plant oil (OR 0.87, p < 0.0001). We also observed association of plant oil consumption with increased triiodothyronine levels in HT patients (β = 0.07, p < 0.0001), and, association of olive oil consumption with decreased systolic blood pressure (β = − 0.16, p = 0.001) in HT patients on levothyroxine (LT4) therapy. Analysis of food consumption between HT patients with and without LT4 therapy suggest that patients do not tend to modify their diet upon HT diagnosis in our population. Our study may be of relevance to nutritionists, nutritional therapists and clinicians involved in developing dietary recommendations for HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kaličanin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Katija Ljubetić
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ana Barić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Sanda Gračan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Brekalo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesela Torlak Lovrić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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12
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Wang M, Yu P, Chittiboyina AG, Chen D, Zhao J, Avula B, Wang YH, Khan IA. Characterization, Quantification and Quality Assessment of Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) Oils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061453. [PMID: 32213805 PMCID: PMC7145317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil is prized for its high nutritional value due to the substantial amounts of triglycerides (TGs) and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) present. While avocado oil is traditionally extracted from mature fruit flesh, alternative sources such as avocado seed oil have recently increased in popularity. Unfortunately, sufficient evidence is not available to support the claimed health benefit and safe use of such oils. To address potential quality issues and identify possible adulteration, authenticated avocado oils extracted from the fruit peel, pulp and seed by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), as well as commercial avocado pulp and seed oils sold in US market were analyzed for TGs and FAs in the present study. Characterization and quantification of TGs were conducted using UHPLC/ESI-MS. Thirteen TGs containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in avocado oils were unambiguously identified. Compared to traditional analytical methods, which are based only on the relative areas of chromatographic peaks neglecting the differences in the relative response of individual TG, our method improved the quantification of TGs by using the reference standards whenever possible or the reference standards with the same equivalent carbon number (ECN). To verify the precision and accuracy of the UHPLC/ESI-MS method, the hydrolysis and transesterification products of avocado oil were analyzed for fatty acid methyl esters using a GC/MS method. The concentrations of individual FA were calculated, and the results agreed with the UHPLC/ESI-MS method. Although chemical profiles of avocado oils from pulp and peel are very similar, a significant difference was observed for the seed oil. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on TG and FA compositional data allowed correct identification of individual avocado oil and detection of possible adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Dilu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (M.W.); (A.G.C.); (J.Z.); (B.A.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-662-915-7821
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Miletić Vukajlović J, Drakulić D, Pejić S, Ilić TV, Stefanović A, Petković M, Schiller J. Increased plasma phosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine ratios in patients with Parkinson's disease. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8595. [PMID: 31519070 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Changes in lipid composition might be associated with the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated the changes in the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC)/lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) ratios in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in comparison with healthy subjects and their correlation with clinico-pathological features. METHODS The study included 10 controls and 25 patients with PD. All patients were assigned to groups based on clinico-pathological characteristics (gender, age at examination, duration of disease and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage). The analysis of the PC/LPC intensity ratios in plasma lipid extracts was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS PD patients exhibited an increased PC/LPC intensity ratio in comparison with the control group of healthy subjects. Furthermore, the investigated ratio was shown to be correlated with clinico-pathological parameters, in particular with H&Y stage and disease duration. The PC/LPC intensity ratio in plasma samples of PD patients was found to be elevated in all examined H&Y stages and throughout the disease duration. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the PC/LPC ratios in plasma of patients with PD and illustrating their correlation with clinico-pathological features. Although the presented results may be considered as preliminary due to the limited number of participants, the observed alterations of PC/LPC ratios in plasma might be a first step in the characterization of plasma lipid changes in PD patients and an indicator of lipid reconfiguration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Miletić Vukajlović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Snežana Pejić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tihomir V Ilić
- Medical Faculty of Medical Military Academy, Clinic of Neurology, University of Defense, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Marijana Petković
- Madeira Chemistry Research Centre, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Department of Atomic Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Wolrab D, Jirásko R, Chocholoušková M, Peterka O, Holčapek M. Oncolipidomics: Mass spectrometric quantitation of lipids in cancer research. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Frick AA, Weyermann C. An untargeted lipidomic approach for qualitative determination of latent fingermark glycerides using UPLC-IMS-QToF-MS E. Analyst 2019; 144:3590-3600. [PMID: 31065642 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
More detailed fundamental information is required about latent fingermark composition in order to better understand fingermark properties and their impact on detection efficiency, and the physical and chemical changes that occur with time following deposition. The composition of the glyceride fraction of latent fingermark lipids in particular is relatively under-investigated due in part to their high structural variability and the limitations of the analytical methods most frequently utilised to investigate fingermark composition. Here, we present an ultra performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-QToF-MSE) method to characterise glycerides in charged latent fingermarks using data-independent acquisition. Di- and triglycerides were identified in fingermark samples from a population of 10 donors, through a combination of in silico fragmentation and monitoring for fatty acid neutral losses. 23 diglycerides and 85 families of triglycerides were identified, with significant diversity in chain length and unsaturation. 21 of the most abundant triglyceride families were found to be common to most or all donors, presenting potential targets for further studies to monitor chemical and physical changes in latent fingermarks over time. Differences in relative peak intensities may be indicative of inter- and intra-donor variability. While this study represents a promising step to obtaining more in-depth information about fingermark composition, it also highlights the complex nature of these traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Frick
- École des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Weyermann
- École des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Niemi C, Lage S, Gentili FG. Comparisons of analysis of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of microalgae by chromatographic techniques. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Zhang C, Wang K, Yang L, Liu R, Chu Y, Qin X, Yang P, Yu H. Lipid metabolism in inflammation-related diseases. Analyst 2019; 143:4526-4536. [PMID: 30128447 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are thousands of lipid species existing in cells, which belong to eight different categories. Lipids are the essential building blocks of cells. Recent studies have started to unveil the important functions of lipids in regulating cell metabolism. However, we are still at a very early stage in fully understanding the physiological and pathological functions of lipids. The application of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism can provide a direct readout of the cellular status and broadens our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin metabolic disease states. This review provides an introduction to lipid metabolism and its role in modulating homeostasis and immunity. We also describe representative applications of lipidomics for studying lipid metabolism in inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Flanagan G, Andrianova AA, Casey J, Hellrung E, Diep BA, Seames WS, Kubátová A. Simultaneous high-temperature gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric analysis of monocarboxylic acids and acylglycerols in biofuels and biofuel intermediate products. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:165-178. [PMID: 30551941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triacyl-, diacyl- and monoacylglycerols (TAGs, DAGs, MAGs) along with monocarboxylic acids (MCAs) are intermediate products in many triacylglycerol oil-to-biofuel conversion pathways. Accumulation of these compounds leads to poor biofuel characteristics and may result in fuel system damage. We developed a method for simultaneous identification and quantification of a wide range of MCAs (C4-C18), MAGs, DAGs, and TAGs. The method is based on trimethylsilylation followed by high temperature GC with programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injection coupled to parallel FID and MS detectors (HTGC-FID/MS). To minimize the discrimination of both low and high molecular weight species typically occurring on the injector, we optimized injection conditions using a central composite design. The critical variables were the time at initial temperature (40 °C), splitless time, and the interaction between these two parameters. Among three tested electron ionization source/quadrupole analyzer temperatures, a 350/200 °C setting provided the highest response and signal-to-noise ratio for TAGs and did not have an effect on MAGs and DAGs. Similar results were obtained when quantifying target analytes in intermediate products of soybean oil cracking with FID and MS (using specific acylglycerol fragmentation ions). The instrumental FID limits of detection (LODs) were 0.07-0.27 ng for most of the target analytes. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) LODs were 0.01-0.05 ng for MCAs and 0.03-0.14 ng for acylglycerols. For the total ion current (TIC), LODs observed increased with acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation, resulting in an increase from 0.05 to 0.18 ng for MCAs (C5 to C18) and from 0.03 to 1.8 ng for acylglycerols (TAGs C8 to C22). Deviations in the repeatability of sample preparation, intra- and inter-day analyses, including sample stability over an eight-day time period, did not exceed 10% variance. These results demonstrate that the developed method is accurate and robust for the determination of acylglycerols and MCAs produced during the processing of TAGs into biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Flanagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Anastasia A Andrianova
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Jana Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Eric Hellrung
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Bonnie A Diep
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA
| | - Wayne S Seames
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of North Dakota, 241 Centennial Dr., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-7101, USA
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9024, USA.
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Zhang SD, Gong C, Lu Y, Xu X. Separation of Triacylglycerols from Edible Oil Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry System with a Porous Graphitic Carbon Column and a Toluene-Isopropanol Gradient Mobile Phase. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ding Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100, Haiquan Road, Fengxian Qu; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Can Gong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100, Haiquan Road, Fengxian Qu; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100, Haiquan Road, Fengxian Qu; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100, Haiquan Road, Fengxian Qu; Shanghai 201418 China
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Karunathilaka SR, Farris S, Mossoba MM. Rapid Prediction of Low (<1%) trans Fat Content in Edible Oils and Fast Food Lipid Extracts by Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2101-2108. [PMID: 30044499 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ruled that partially hydrogenated oils (PHO), the major dietary source of industrially produced trans fat (TF), were no longer "generally recognized as safe (GRAS)" for any use in human food. Consequently, the objective of this study was to develop a rapid screening procedure using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for the quantitative and accurate prediction of low concentrations of trans fatty acid (TFAs) (<1% of total fatty acids (FAs)). Broad-based calibration models were developed for a combined set of samples consisting of edible oils and fast food lipid extracts. Predicted concentrations of TFAs in the two matrices showed good correlation with the primary reference data generated by gas chromatography (GC) (R2 > 0.99) and high accuracy as evidenced by low root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) values. The lowest TFA concentration, determined by GC to be 0.13% of total FAs, was accurately predicted by ATR-FTIR/PLSR as 0.18% of total FAs. This simple, rapid ATR-FTIR/PLSR methodology has the potential for use as a screening alternative to conventional gas chromatographic methods for predicting the TFA content of edible oils and food lipid extracts for regulatory purposes and quality control of raw material and processed food. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FDA ruled that partially hydrogenated oils were no longer "generally recognized as safe (GRAS)" for any use in human food. Consequently, we have proposed a rapid screening procedure, based on infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics, to rapidly and accurately predict low concentrations of trans fatty acids (<1% of total fatty acids) in edible oils and food lipid extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdi M Mossoba
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Md. 20740, U.S.A
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Liu Z, Rochfort S, Cocks B. Milk lipidomics: What we know and what we don't. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Vrkoslav V, Rumlová B, Strmeň T, Nekvasilová P, Šulc M, Cvačka J. Applicability of low-flow atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and photoionization mass spectrometry with a microfabricated nebulizer for neutral lipids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:639-648. [PMID: 29457286 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or photoionization (APPI) is widely used for neutral lipids involved in many fundamental processes in living organisms. Commercial APCI and APPI sources operate at high flow rates compatible with conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, lipid analysis is often limited by a small amount of sample, which requires low flow rate separations like capillary or micro-HPLC. Therefore, APCI and APPI suitable for microliter-per-minute flow rates need to be developed and applied for neutral lipids. METHODS A micro-APCI/APPI source with a heated chip nebulizer was assembled and mounted on a Thermo ion trap instrument. The ion source operated in APCI, APPI or dual mode was optimized for low microliter-per-minute sample flow rates. The source performance was investigated for squalene, wax esters, fatty acid methyl esters, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol. RESULTS The ion source behaved as a mass-flow-sensitive detector. Direct infusion of methyl oleate showed superior analytical figures of merit when compared with high-flow ion sources. A detection limit of 200 pmol/mL and a linear dynamic range spanning three orders of magnitude were measured for micro-APCI. The mass spectra of most lipids differed from high flow rate spectra. Unlike micro-APCI, micro-APPI spectra were complicated by odd-electron species. Dual APCI/APPI mode did not show any benefits for neutral lipids. Applications for lipid samples were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Micro-APCI-MS is a useful detection technique for neutral lipids at microliter-per-minute flow rates. It offers high sensitivity and high quality of spectra in direct infusion mode and promises successful utilization in capillary and micro-HPLC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Rumlová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Šulc
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology Natural and Food Resources, Department of Chemistry, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Characterization and Determination of Interesterification Markers (Triacylglycerol Regioisomers) in Confectionery Oils by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2018; 7:foods7020023. [PMID: 29462917 PMCID: PMC5848127 DOI: 10.3390/foods7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interesterification is an industrial transformation process aiming to change the physico-chemical properties of vegetable oils by redistributing fatty acid position within the original constituent of the triglycerides. In the confectionery industry, controlling formation degree of positional isomers is important in order to obtain fats with the desired properties. Silver ion HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is the analytical technique usually adopted to separate triglycerides (TAGs) having different unsaturation degrees. However, separation of TAG positional isomers is a challenge when the number of double bonds is the same and the only difference is in their position within the triglyceride molecule. The TAG positional isomers involved in the present work have a structural specificity that require a separation method tailored to the needs of confectionery industry. The aim of this work was to obtain a chromatographic resolution that might allow reliable qualitative and quantitative evaluation of TAG positional isomers within reasonably rapid retention times and robust in respect of repeatability and reproducibility. The resulting analytical procedure was applied both to confectionery raw materials and final products.
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Yan Z, Zhao Q, Wen M, Hu L, Zhang X, You J. A novel polydentate ligand chromophore for simultaneously colorimetric detection of trace Ag + and Fe3 . SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 186:17-22. [PMID: 28600992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel polydentate ligand chromophore, 3,6-di-(N-ethyl-N-ethoxyl phenylazo) acridine (EEPA), was identified and synthesized. After its structure was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, mass spectra and element analyses, it was noted to find that there was a simultaneously colorimetric response to Ag+ and Fe3+ accompanying with different color changes, i.e., from brown to light purple for Ag+ and further to purple-red for Fe3+, respectively. Their different action mechanisms, a 1:2 complex mode for EEPA-Ag+ and 1:1 for EEPA-Fe3+, were investigated and confirmed by means of Job's plot and theoretical calculation. EEPA would be a potential colorimetric chemo-dosimeter for simultaneous detection of Ag+ and Fe3+ with the detection limits of 1.6nmol·L-1 and 69nmol·L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Meijun Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinmao You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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26
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Production, performance, slaughter characteristics, and meat quality of Ziwuling wild crossbred pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:365-372. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Duval J, Colas C, Pecher V, Poujol M, Tranchant JF, Lesellier E. Hyphenation of ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation high resolution mass spectrometry: Part 1. Study of the coupling parameters for the analysis of natural non-polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1509:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu Z, Wang J, Cocks BG, Rochfort S. Seasonal Variation of Triacylglycerol Profile of Bovine Milk. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7020024. [PMID: 28574443 PMCID: PMC5487995 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk contains 3–6% of fat, of which the dominant component is triacylglycerol (TAG). Over 100 TAG groups can be readily detected in any non-enriched milk sample by LC-MS; most TAG groups contain several isomers (TAG molecules with different fatty acid composition), which cannot be fully resolved chromatographically by any single stationary phase. TAG profile of mature milk from 19 cows was surveyed in this study for eight consecutive months using RP-LC-Orbitrap MS. It was found that TAG profile of milk was not constant throughout the milking season and the seasonal pattern varied with TAG groups. The overall unsaturation level of TAG was stable from October 2013 to January 2014, decreased in February/March 2014 and then increased from April and peaked in May 2014. In addition to the seasonal fluctuation in TAG profile, the proportion of different isomeric species within a TAG group also changed substantially across seasons. However, the proportion of different positional isomers within a given TAG group does not seem to vary during the milking season. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the seasonal change of milk lipid at the TAG group and isomer level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Biosciences Research, Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Jianghui Wang
- Biosciences Research, Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Benjamin G Cocks
- Biosciences Research, Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Biosciences Research, Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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A High-Resolution NMR Approach Combined to MALDI-TOF-MS to Estimate the Positional Distribution of Acyl-Linked Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Triacylglycerols. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Regioisomeric and enantiomeric analysis of triacylglycerols. Anal Biochem 2016; 524:3-12. [PMID: 27318242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A survey of useful methods for separation and identification of regioisomers and enantiomers of triacylglycerols. Gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 13C NMR determination of regioisomers by enzymatic methods, and supercritical fluid chromatography are briefly surveyed, whereas a detailed description is given of the analysis of triacylglycerols by liquid chromatography, especially with silver ion (Ag+; argentation), and nonaqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography. Special attention is paid to chiral chromatography. Details of mass spectrometry of triacylglycerols are also described, especially the identification of important triacylglycerol ions such as [M + H-RCOOH]+ in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra.
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Ovčačíková M, Lísa M, Cífková E, Holčapek M. Retention behavior of lipids in reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1450:76-85. [PMID: 27179677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) method using two 15cm sub-2μm particles octadecylsilica gel columns is developed with the goal to separate and unambiguously identify a large number of lipid species in biological samples. The identification is performed by the coupling with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using quadrupole - time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument. Electrospray ionization (ESI) full scan and tandem mass spectra are measured in both polarity modes with the mass accuracy better than 5ppm, which provides a high confidence of lipid identification. Over 400 lipid species covering 14 polar and nonpolar lipid classes from 5 lipid categories are identified in total lipid extracts of human plasma, human urine and porcine brain. The general dependences of relative retention times on relative carbon number or relative double bond number are constructed and fit with the second degree polynomial regression. The regular retention patterns in homologous lipid series provide additional identification point for UHPLC/MS lipidomic analysis, which increases the confidence of lipid identification. The reprocessing of previously published data by our and other groups measured in the RP mode and ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography on the silica column shows more generic applicability of the polynomial regression for the description of retention behavior and the prediction of retention times. The novelty of this work is the characterization of general trends in the retention behavior of lipids within logical series with constant fatty acyl length or double bond number, which may be used as an additional criterion to increase the confidence of lipid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Ovčačíková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cífková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Šala M, Lísa M, Campbell JL, Holčapek M. Determination of triacylglycerol regioisomers using differential mobility spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:256-264. [PMID: 27071217 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Triacylglycerols (TG) contain three fatty acyls attached to the glycerol backbone in stereochemically numbered positions sn-1, 2 and 3. Isobaric TG with exchanged fatty acyl chains in positions sn-1/3 vs. sn-2 are referred to as regioisomers and the determination of their regioisomeric ratios is important for nutrition purposes. METHODS Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is applied for the separation of simple unsaturated TG regioisomers extracted from porcine adipose tissue using their silver-ion molecular adducts. RESULTS Four pairs of TG regioisomers containing combinations of unsaturated and saturated fatty acyl chains are successfully separated using DMS with 1-butanol or 1-propanol as the chemical modifier. Various experimental parameters are carefully optimized, such as the separation and compensation voltages applied to DMS electrodes, the type and flow rate of chemical modifier and the dwell time of analyte ions in the DMS cell. The optimized DMS approach is used for the characterization of TG regioisomers in less than one minute, compared to tens of minutes typical for silver-ion or reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches. CONCLUSIONS The application of this method for the characterization of TG regioisomers in porcine adipose tissue shows the method suitability for analyses of other animal fats.
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Parjikolaei BR, Bruhn A, Eybye KL, Larsen MM, Rasmussen MB, Christensen KV, Fretté XC. Valuable Biomolecules from Nine North Atlantic Red Macroalgae: Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, Minerals and Metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/nr.2016.74016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Reliability of the ΔECN42 limit and global method for extra virgin olive oil purity assessment using different analytical approaches. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Fanali C, Beccaria M, Salivo S, Tranchida P, Tripodo G, Farnetti S, Dugo L, Dugo P, Mondello L. Non-polar lipids characterization of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization/mass spectrometry detection and non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3151-3160. [PMID: 26152354 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A chemical characterization of major lipid components, namely, triacylglycerols, fatty acids and the unsaponifiable fraction, in a Quinoa seed lipids sample is reported. To tackle such a task, non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection was employed. The latter was interfaced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the analysis of triacylglycerols. The main triacylglycerols (>10%) were represented by OLP, OOL and OLL (P = palmitoyl, O = oleoyl, L = linoleoyl); the latter was present in the oil sample at the highest percentage (18.1%). Furthermore, fatty acid methyl esters were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. 89% of the total fatty acids was represented by unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters with the greatest percentage represented by linoleic and oleic acids accounting for approximately 48 and 28%, respectively. An extensive characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction of Quinoa seed lipids was performed for the first time, by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with dual mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection. Overall, 66 compounds of the unsaponifiable fraction were tentatively identified, many constituents of which (particularly sterols) were confirmed by using gas chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e deiProdotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Salivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e deiProdotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Tranchida
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e deiProdotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Sara Farnetti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Cellular Transplantation of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Dugo
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e deiProdotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont S.r.l. A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e deiProdotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont S.r.l. A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lísa M, Holčapek M. High-Throughput and Comprehensive Lipidomic Analysis Using Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7187-95. [PMID: 26095628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
New analytical approach for high-throughput and comprehensive lipidomic analysis of biological samples using ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is presented in this work as an alternative approach to established shotgun MS or high-performance liquid chromatography-MS. The lipid class separation is performed by UHPSFC method based on 1.7 μm particle-bridged ethylene hybrid silica column with a gradient of methanol-water-ammonium acetate mixture as a modifier. All parameters of UHPSFC conditions are carefully optimized and their influence on the chromatographic behavior of lipids is discussed. The final UHPSFC/ESI-MS method enables a fast separation of 30 nonpolar and polar lipid classes within 6 min analysis covering 6 main lipid categories including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and prenols. Individual lipid species within lipid classes are identified based on positive and negative-ion full-scan and tandem mass spectra measured with high mass accuracy and high resolving power. Developed UHPSFC/ESI-MS method is applied for the analysis of porcine brain extract as a complex lipidomic sample, where 24 lipid classes containing 436 lipid species are identified. The method is validated for the quantitative analysis of lipid species in biological tissues using internal standards for each lipid class. This high-throughput, comprehensive and accurate UHPSFC/ESI-MS method is suitable for the lipidomic analysis of large sample sets in the clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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37
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Quantitation of triacylglycerols in edible oils by off-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a single column. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1404:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Comparison of iso-eluotropic mobile phases at different temperatures for the separation of triacylglycerols in Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Kalpio M, Nylund M, Linderborg KM, Yang B, Kristinsson B, Haraldsson GG, Kallio H. Enantioselective chromatography in analysis of triacylglycerols common in edible fats and oils. Food Chem 2015; 172:718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Holčapek M, Červená B, Cífková E, Lísa M, Chagovets V, Vostálová J, Bancířová M, Galuszka J, Hill M. Lipidomic analysis of plasma, erythrocytes and lipoprotein fractions of cardiovascular disease patients using UHPLC/MS, MALDI-MS and multivariate data analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:52-63. [PMID: 25855318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Differences among lipidomic profiles of healthy volunteers, obese people and three groups of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are investigated with the goal to differentiate individual groups based on the multivariate data analysis (MDA) of lipidomic data from plasma, erythrocytes and lipoprotein fractions of more than 50 subjects. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UHPLC) column coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used for the quantitation of four classes of polar lipids (phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and lysophosphatidylcholines), normal-phase UHPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS (NP-UHPLC/APCI-MS) is applied for the quantitation of five classes of nonpolar lipids (cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, sterols, 1,3-diacylglycerols and 1,2-diacylglycerols) and the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is tested for the fast screening of all lipids without a chromatographic separation. Obtained results are processed by unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least squares) MDA approaches to highlight the largest differences among individual groups and to identify lipid molecules with the highest impact on the group differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Blanka Červená
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cífková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Vitaliy Chagovets
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostálová
- Palacký University, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bancířová
- Palacký University, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Galuszka
- University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 11694 Prague 1, Czech Republic
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41
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Holčapek M, Ovčačíková M, Lísa M, Cífková E, Hájek T. Continuous comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of complex lipidomic samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5033-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Holčapek M, Cífková E, Červená B, Lísa M, Vostálová J, Galuszka J. Determination of nonpolar and polar lipid classes in human plasma, erythrocytes and plasma lipoprotein fractions using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1377:85-91. [PMID: 25543301 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel normal-phase (NP) ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) method is developed for a separation and quantitation of nonpolar lipid classes occurring in human plasma, erythrocytes and plasma lipoprotein fractions. The baseline class separation of cholesteryl esters (CE), cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TG), regioisomers of 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerols (DG) and 1-monoacylglycerols (1-MG) is achieved using an optimized hexane - 2-propanol-acetonitrile mobile phase within 18min for all nonpolar lipid classes or only 9min excluding monoacylglycerols not detected in studied samples. The determination of individual nonpolar lipid classes is performed by the response factor approach and the use of dioleoyl ethylene glycol as a single internal standard. Polar lipid classes, such as phosphatidylglycerols (PG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), are separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) using 5mmol/L aqueous ammonium acetate-methanol-acetonitrile gradient within 13minutes. The quantitation of polar lipid classes is done by a similar approach as for nonpolar lipid classes, but a different internal standard (sphingosyl PE d17:1/12:0) is used. The complementary information on fatty acyl profiles after the transesterification of the total lipid extract is obtained by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The applicability of developed methodology for fast and comprehensive characterization of blood lipidome is illustrated on samples of human plasma, erythrocytes, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Cífková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Červená
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostálová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Galuszka
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc, IP Pavlova 6, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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43
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Hu N, Wei F, Lv X, Wu L, Dong XY, Chen H. Profiling of triacylglycerols in plant oils by high-performance liquid chromatography–atmosphere pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a novel mixed-mode column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 972:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cajka T, Fiehn O. Comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014; 61:192-206. [PMID: 25309011 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics has been a subject of dramatic developments over the past decade. This review focuses on state of the art in LC-MS-based lipidomics, covering all the steps of global lipidomic profiling. On the basis of review of 185 original papers and application notes, we can conclude that typical LC-MS-based lipidomics methods involve: (1) extraction using chloroform/MeOH or MTBE/MeOH protocols, both with addition of internal standards covering each lipid class; (2) separation of lipids using short microbore columns with sub-2-μm or 2.6-2.8-μm (fused-core) particle size with C18 or C8 sorbent with analysis time <30 min; (3) electrospray ionization in positive- and negative-ion modes with full spectra acquisition using high-resolution MS with capability to MS/MS. Phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylglycerols) followed by sphingomyelins, di- and tri-acylglycerols, and ceramides were the most frequently targeted lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Cajka
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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45
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Beccaria M, Sullini G, Cacciola F, Donato P, Dugo P, Mondello L. High performance characterization of triacylglycerols in milk and milk-related samples by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:172-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Profiling of regioisomeric triacylglycerols in edible oils by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 966:193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Řezanka T, Lukavský J, Nedbalová L, Sigler K. Production of structured triacylglycerols from microalgae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 104:95-104. [PMID: 24833034 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structured triacylglycerols (TAGs) were isolated from nine cultivated strains of microalgae belonging to different taxonomic groups, i.e. Audouinella eugena, Balbiania investiens, Myrmecia bisecta, Nannochloropsis limnetica, Palmodictyon varium, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Pseudochantransia sp., Thorea ramosissima, and Trachydiscus minutus. They were separated and isolated by means of NARP-LC/MS-APCI and chiral LC and the positional isomers and enantiomers of TAGs with two polyunsaturated, i.e. arachidonic (A) and eicosapentaenoic (E) acids and one saturated, i.e. palmitic acid (P) were identified. Algae that produce eicosapentaenoic acid were found to biosynthesize more asymmetrical TAGs, i.e. PPE or PEE, whereas algae which produced arachidonic acid give rise to symmetrical TAGs, i.e. PAP or APA, irrespective of their taxonomical classification. Nitrogen and phosphorus starvation consistently reversed the ratio of asymmetrical and symmetrical TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaromír Lukavský
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Centre for Bioindication and Revitalization, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Centre for Bioindication and Revitalization, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Horká P, Vrkoslav V, Hanus R, Pecková K, Cvačka J. New MALDI matrices based on lithium salts for the analysis of hydrocarbons and wax esters. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:628-638. [PMID: 25044848 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium salts of organic aromatic acids (lithium benzoate, lithium salicylate, lithium vanillate, lithium 2,5-dimethoxybenzoate, lithium 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate, lithium α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate and lithium sinapate) were synthesized and tested as potential matrices for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry analysis of hydrocarbons and wax esters. The analytes were desorbed using nitrogen laser (337.1 nm) and ionized via the attachment of a lithium cation, yielding [M + Li](+) adducts. The sample preparation and the experimental conditions were optimized for each matrix using stearyl behenate and n-triacontane standards. The performance of the new matrices in terms of signal intensity and reproducibility, the mass range occupied by matrix ions and the laser power threshold were studied and compared with a previously recommended lithium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate matrix (LiDHB) (Cvačka and Svatoš, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 2203). Several of the new matrices performed better than LiDHB. Lithium vanillate offered a 2-3 times and 7-9 times higher signal for wax esters and hydrocarbons, respectively. Also, the signal reproducibility improved substantially, making this matrix a suitable candidate for imaging applications. In addition, the diffuse reflectance spectra and solubility of the synthesized compounds were investigated and discussed with respect to the compound's ability to serve as MALDI matrices. The applicability of selected matrices was tested on natural samples of wax esters and hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University Centre of Excellence 'Supramolecular Chemistry', Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Damen CWN, Isaac G, Langridge J, Hankemeier T, Vreeken RJ. Enhanced lipid isomer separation in human plasma using reversed-phase UPLC with ion-mobility/high-resolution MS detection. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1772-83. [PMID: 24891331 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d047795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultraperformance LC (UPLC) method for the separation of different lipid molecular species and lipid isomers using a stationary phase incorporating charged surface hybrid (CSH) technology is described. The resulting enhanced separation possibilities of the method are demonstrated using standards and human plasma extracts. Lipids were extracted from human plasma samples with the Bligh and Dyer method. Separation of lipids was achieved on a 100 × 2.1 mm inner diameter CSH C18 column using gradient elution with aqueous-acetonitrile-isopropanol mobile phases containing 10 mM ammonium formate/0.1% formic acid buffers at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. A UPLC run time of 20 min was routinely used, and a shorter method with a 10 min run time is also described. The method shows extremely stable retention times when human plasma extracts and a variety of biofluids or tissues are analyzed [intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) <0.385% and <0.451% for 20 and 10 min gradients, respectively (n = 5); interassay RSD <0.673% and <0.763% for 20 and 10 min gradients, respectively (n = 30)]. The UPLC system was coupled to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, equipped with a traveling wave ion-mobility cell. Besides demonstrating the separation for different lipids using the chromatographic method, we demonstrate the use of the ion-mobility MS platform for the structural elucidation of lipids. The method can now be used to elucidate structures of a wide variety of lipids in biological samples of different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W N Damen
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J Vreeken
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Nováková L, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Francois I, West C, Lesellier E, Guillarme D. Modern analytical supercritical fluid chromatography using columns packed with sub-2μm particles: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 824:18-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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