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Silica Hydride: A Separation Material Every Analyst Should Know About. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247505. [PMID: 34946587 PMCID: PMC8708426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the development, special features and applications of silica hydride-based stationary phases for HPLC. The unique surface of this material is in contrast to ordinary, standard silica, which is the material most frequently used in modern HPLC stationary phases. The standard silica surface contains mainly silanol (Si-OH) groups, while the silica hydride surface is instead composed of silicon-hydrogen groups, which is much more stable, less reactive and delivers different chromatographic and chemical characteristics. Other aspects of this material are described for each of the different bonded moieties available commercially. Some applications for each of these column types are also presented as well as a generic model for method development on silica hydride-based stationary phases.
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Application of linear solvation energy relationships and principal component analysis methods for the prediction of the retention behaviour of E-resveratrol analogues with substituted silica hydride stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1090:159-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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3
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The Development of Silica Hydride Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography from Conception to Commercialization. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a stationary phase material for high-performance liquid chromatography based on a surface of silica hydride as opposed to silanols on ordinary silica is discussed including synthetic approaches, characterization, and applications. There are several synthetic approaches available to create a silica hydride surface. Modification of the Si–H moiety on the silica surface can be accomplished through the use of a hydrosilation reaction. Both the intermediate silica hydride and the material modified with an organic moiety can be characterized by a number of spectroscopic as well as a variety of other methods. Further insights into the retention mechanism are provided through chromatographic measurements. The ultimate utility of any chromatographic stationary phase material is determined by its success in solving challenging analytical problems. A broad range of applications is reviewed to illustrate the versatility and usefulness of silica hydride-based stationary phases.
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Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Boysen RI, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Marriott PJ, Hearn MTW. Studies on the Extraction of Several Polyphenols with Different Silica Hydride Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Topete J, Boysen RI, Hearn MTW. Origin of the selectivity differences of aromatic alcohols and amines of different n-alkyl chain length separated with perfluorinated C8 and bidentated C8 modified silica hydride stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta X 2018; 1:100003. [PMID: 33186417 PMCID: PMC7587035 DOI: 10.1016/j.acax.2018.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorinated C8-(PerfluoroC8) and bidentate anchored C8-(BDC8)-modified silica hydride stationary phases have been employed for the isocratic separation of homologous phenylalkanols and phenylalkylamines differing in their n-alkyl chain length, using aqueous-acetonitrile (ACN) mobile phases of different ACN contents from 10 to 90% (v/v) in 10% increments. These analytes showed reversed-phase (RP) retention behaviour with mobile phases of <40% (v/v) ACN content with both stationary phases but with the BDC8 stationary phase providing longer retention. The PerfluoroC8, but not the BDC8, stationary phase also exhibited significant retention of these analytes under conditions typical of an aqueous normal phase (ANP) mode (i.e. with mobile phases of >80% (v/v) ACN content), with the analytes exhibiting overall U-shape retention dependencies on the ACN content of the mobile phase. Further, these stationary phases showed differences in their selectivity behaviour with regard to the n-alkyl chain lengths of the different analytes. These observations could not be explained in terms of pK a , log P, molecular mass or linear solvation energy concepts. However, density functional theory (DFT) simulations provided a possible explanation for the observed selectivity trends, namely differences in the molecular geometries and structural organisation of the immobilised ligands of these two stationary phases under different solvational conditions. For mobile phase conditions favouring the RP mode, these DFT simulations revealed that interactions between adjacent BDC8 ligands occur, leading to a stationary phase with a more hydrophobic surface. Moreover, under mobile phase conditions favouring retention of the analytes in an ANP mode, these interactions of the bidentate-anchored C8 ligands resulted in hindered analyte access to potential ANP binding sites on the BDC8 stationary phase surface. With the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase, the DFT simulations revealed strong repulsion of individual perfluoroC8 ligand chains, with the perfluoroC8 ligands of this stationary phase existing in a more open brush-like state (and with a less hydrophobic surface) compared to the BDC8 ligands. These DFT simulation results anticipated the chromatographic findings that the phenylalkanols and phenylalkylamines had reduced retention in the RP mode with the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase. Moreover, the more open ligand structure of the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase enabled greater accessibility of the analytes to water solvated binding sites on the stationary phase surface under mobile phase conditions favouring an ANP retention mode, leading to retention of the analytes, particularly the smaller phenylalkylamines, via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic effects.
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Key Words
- ACN, acetonitrile
- ANP, aqueous normal-phase
- Aqueous normal-phase
- BDC8, bidentate octyl
- DFT, density functional theory
- DH, Diamond Hydride
- HILIC, hydrophilic interaction chromatography
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LSER, linear solvation energy relationship
- PerfluoroC8, perfluorinated octyl
- RP, reversed-phase
- Reversed-phase
- Shape specific separation
- Silica hydride
- n-alkyl chain length selectivities
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Maria T Matyska
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Joseph J Pesek
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Joshua Topete
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Reinhard I Boysen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Watanabe S, Makhanov M, Lopez A, Alejo K, Orozco D, Doan L. Evaluation of silica hydride materials for the LC–MS analysis of cathinones and benzylpiperazines. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Optimized selection of liquid chromatography conditions for wide range analysis of natural compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1504:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Jandera P, Janás P. Recent advances in stationary phases and understanding of retention in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 967:12-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Young JE, Pan Z, Teh HE, Menon V, Modereger B, Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Dao L, Takeoka G. Phenolic composition of pomegranate peel extracts using an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach with silica hydride columns. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1449-1456. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; University of California; Davis CA USA
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit; Albany CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lan Dao
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit; Albany CA USA
| | - Gary Takeoka
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit; Albany CA USA
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Kulsing C, Yang Y, Sepehrifar R, Lim M, Toppete J, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Boysen RI, Hearn MTW. Investigations into the separation behaviour of perfluorinated C8 and undecanoic acid modified silica hydride stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:102-11. [PMID: 27016444 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the surface charge properties of perfluorinated C8 (PerfluoroC8) and undecanoic acid (UDA) modified silica hydride stationary phases have been investigated. The zeta potential values of these stationary phases were measured in aqueous/acetonitrile mobile phases of different pH, buffer concentrations and acetonitrile contents. The retention behaviour of several basic, acidic and neutral compounds were then examined with these two stationary phases, with U-shaped retention dependencies evident with regard to the organic solvent content of the mobile phase. Plots of the logarithmic retention factor versus buffer concentration revealed slopes ≥ -0.41 for both stationary phases, indicating the involvement of mixed mode retention mechanisms with contributions from both ionic and non-ionic interactions. Using a linear solvation energy relationship approach, the origins of these interactions under different mobile phase conditions were differentiated and quantified. The PerfluoroC8 stationary phase exhibited stronger retention for basic compounds under high acetonitrile content mobile phase conditions, whilst stronger retention was observed for all compounds with the UDA stationary phase under high aqueous content mobile phase conditions. The more negative zeta potentials of the UDA stationary phase correlated with higher total charge density, surface charge density and charge density at the beta plane (the outer plane of the double layer) compared to the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase. With mobile phases of low buffer concentrations, more negative zeta potential values were unexpectedly observed for the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase with slight increases in the C descriptor value, reflecting also the greater accessibility of the analytes to the stationary phase surface. Comparison of the retention behaviours on these phases with other types of silica hydride stationary phases has revealed different patterns of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Roshanak Sepehrifar
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Joshua Toppete
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Maria T Matyska
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Joseph J Pesek
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Reinhard I Boysen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Romand S, Rudaz S, Guillarme D. Separation of substrates and closely related glucuronide metabolites using various chromatographic modes. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1435:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Structure characterization of unexpected covalent O-sulfonation and ion-pairing on an extremely hydrophilic peptide with CE-MS and FT-ICR-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6637-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Comparison of the performance of different silica hydride particles for the solid-phase extraction of non-volatile analytes from dark chocolate with analysis by gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 174:434-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Dang A. Analysis of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate using aqueous normal-phase chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1515-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Maria T. Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Andy Dang
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
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15
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Kulsing C, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ, Boysen RI, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Hearn MTW. Insights into the Origin of the Separation Selectivity with Silica Hydride Adsorbents. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3063-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadin Kulsing
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Maria T. Matyska
- Department
of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Joseph J. Pesek
- Department
of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, United States
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16
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Borges EM. Silica, hybrid silica, hydride silica and non-silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:580-97. [PMID: 25234386 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Free silanols on the surface of silica are the "villains", which are responsible for detrimental interactions of those compounds and the stationary phase (i.e., bad peak shape, low efficiency) as well as low thermal and chemical stability. For these reasons, we began this review describing new silica and hybrid silica stationary phases, which have reduced and/or shielded silanols. At present, in liquid chromatography for the majority of analyses, reversed-phase liquid chromatography is the separation mode of choice. However, the needs for increased selectivity and increased retention of hydrophilic bases have substantially increased the interest in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Therefore, stationary phases and this mode of separation are discussed. Then, non-silica stationary phases (i.e., zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, alumina and porous graphitized carbon), which afford increased thermal and chemical stability and also selectivity different from those obtained with silica and hybrid silica, are discussed. In addition, the use of these materials in HILIC is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endler M Borges
- Núcleo Biotecnológico, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Rua Paese, 198, Bairro Universitário-Bloco K. Videira, SC CEP 89560-000, Brazil
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Heaton JC, Russell JJ, Underwood T, Boughtflower R, McCalley DV. Comparison of peak shape in hydrophilic interaction chromatography using acidic salt buffers and simple acid solutions. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:39-48. [PMID: 24813934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The retention and peak shape of neutral, basic and acidic solutes was studied on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) stationary phases that showed both strong and weak ionic retention characteristics, using aqueous-acetonitrile mobile phases containing either formic acid (FA), ammonium formate (AF) or phosphoric acid (PA). The effect of organic solvent concentration on the results was also studied. Peak shape was good for neutrals under most mobile phase conditions. However, peak shapes for ionised solutes, particularly for basic compounds, were considerably worse in FA than AF. Even neutral compounds showed deterioration in performance with FA when the mobile phase water concentration was reduced. The poor performance in FA cannot be entirely attributed to the negative impact of ionic retention on ionised silanols on the underlying silica base materials, as results using PA at lower pH (where their ionisation is suppressed) were inferior to those in AF. Besides the moderating influence of the salt cation on ionic retention, it is likely that salt buffers improve peak shape due to the increased ionic strength of the mobile phase and its impact on the formation of the water layer on the column surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Heaton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Joseph J Russell
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Tim Underwood
- Analytical Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - David V McCalley
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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18
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Analysis of thiopurines using aqueous normal phase chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 95:102-6. [PMID: 24657678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chromatography of several thiopurines is investigated using aqueous normal phase (ANP) conditions in conjunction with a silica hydride-based column. Both isocratic and gradient elution modes are tested. Detection of higher concentration samples is done by UV to demonstrate feasibility in this format while lower concentration samples utilize mass spectrometry (MS). Repeatability of successive runs is also tested with particular attention to gradient methods where the equilibration time of the stationary phase can be evaluated.
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Correlations between the zeta potentials of silica hydride-based stationary phases, analyte retention behaviour and their ionic interaction descriptors. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 817:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Kim AM. Evaluation of stationary phases based on silica hydride for the analysis of drugs of abuse. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2760-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Maria T. Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Amy M. Kim
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
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21
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Yang Y, Boysen RI, Kulsing C, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Hearn MTW. Analysis of polar peptides using a silica hydride column and high aqueous content mobile phases. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3019-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Yang
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Reinhard I. Boysen
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Maria T. Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Joseph J. Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Milton T. W. Hearn
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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22
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Yang Y, Matyska MT, Boysen RI, Pesek JJ, Hearn MTW. Simultaneous separation of hydrophobic and polar bases using a silica hydride stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1209-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Yang
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Maria T. Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Reinhard I. Boysen
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Joseph J. Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Milton T. W. Hearn
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Boysen RI, Yang Y, Hearn MT. Aqueous normal-phase chromatography using silica-hydride-based stationary phases. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Silica hydride-based chromatography of LC–MS response-altering compounds native to human plasma. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:2877-86. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An investigation was carried out into the chromatographic behavior, on a silica hydride-based phase and a comparator silica-based phase, of an important group of lipids endogenous to human plasma, which are associated with matrix effect and in the context of quantitative peptide analysis. Results: The propensity for aqueous normal phase (ANP) retention on the silica hydride-based phase was strong and extensive in comparison with the silica-based comparator, and the lipophilic interferences in question were readily eluted using the ANP mode, a contrast to over-retention issues with accompanying implications for method ruggedness typically found with silica-based phases. Conclusion: The silica hydride-based phase, with ANP operation, offered selectivity conducive to rapid lipophilic interferent elimination and the bimodal retention involved in suitable gradient elution was appropriate for general peptide analytical application.
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Dang A. Analysis of cycloserine and related compounds using aqueous normal phase chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 64-65:72-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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A new approach to bioanalysis: aqueous normal-phase chromatography with silica hydride stationary phases. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:845-53. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stationary phases based on silica hydride have demonstrated a number of unique properties that are especially advantageous for bioanalyses. They have excellent retention capabilities for hydrophilic compounds, which have been the most difficult to analyze by standard reversed-phase methods and, in many cases, can outperform newer approaches for the analysis of polar molecules, such as hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, all columns utilizing silica-hydride materials can be used in either the normal-phase or reversed-phase modes, sometimes retaining both polar and nonpolar compounds simultaneously. These stationary phases have a high degree of reproducibility and long-term stability.
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